EN IEC 61098:2024
(Main)Radiation protection instrumentation - Installed personnel surface contamination monitors
Radiation protection instrumentation - Installed personnel surface contamination monitors
This document applies to contamination monitors that include warning assembles and meters used for the monitoring of radioactive contamination on the surface of personnel whether they be clothed or not. The document is applicable only to that type of equipment where the user stays at the monitor. It is not applicable to the user passes quickly through the monitor. It is also not applicable to any peripheral equipment which may be associated with a particular type of equipment such as small article monitors. Probes (friskers) for measuring clothes or body by the person under monitoring or someone else are included in this document.
Strahlenschutz-Messgeräte - Fest installierte Personenkontaminationsmonitore
Instrumentation pour la radioprotection - Moniteurs fixes pour la surveillance de la contamination de surface du personnel
IEC 61098:2023 s'applique aux moniteurs qui comprennent des ensembles de prévention et appareils de mesure utilisés pour la surveillance de la contamination radioactive en surface des personnels, que ceux-ci soient habillés ou non. Le document ne s'applique qu'aux équipements dont les utilisateurs restent au niveau du moniteur. Le présent document s'applique à la surveillance du corps entier (y compris la tête), des mains et des pieds, mais certaines parties du présent document peuvent être utilisées pour des moniteurs conçus uniquement pour la surveillance de la contamination radioactive des mains et/ou des pieds. Cette troisième édition annule et remplace la deuxième édition parue en 2003. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente: a. le titre a été modifié; b. en lieu et place des petites sources zonales, des sources zonales ont été ajoutées pour les méthodes d'essai concernant les variations de la réponse en fonction de la position de la source, le rendement réel d'un instrument, la limite de détection (DL, Detection Limit) et la variation de la réponse en fonction de l'énergie; c. la limite de détection (DL) est conforme à la série ISO 11929; d. les descriptions des grandeurs d'influence de type F et de type S ont été ajoutées; e. la cohérence avec l'IEC 62706 a été améliorée pour les exigences d'environnement, les exigences mécaniques, la compatibilité électromagnétique et les méthodes d'essai; f. des descriptions de détecteurs aériens ont été ajoutées; g. des descriptions de Friskers ont été ajoutées pour la surveillance des mains et des pieds; h. les figures ont été simplifiées pour comprendre la relation entre la position du détecteur et la réponse, ainsi que la relation de position entre la surface du détecteur et la source
Instrumenti za zaščito pred sevanjem - Vgrajeni monitorji osebne površinske kontaminacije (IEC 61098:2023)
Ta dokument se uporablja za monitorje kontaminacije, ki vključujejo opozorilne sklope in merilnike za spremljanje radioaktivne površinske kontaminacije na oblačilih ali koži oseb. Ta dokument se uporablja samo za vrsto opreme, kjer uporabnik stoji pri monitorju. Ne uporablja se v primerih, kjer uporabnik bežno pogleda na monitor. Prav tako se ne uporablja za kakršno koli periferno opremo, ki jo je mogoče povezati s posebno vrsto opreme, kot so monitorji za male predmete. Sonde (detektorji) za izvajanje meritev na oblačilih ali telesu osebe, ki se jo spremlja, ali druge osebe, so vključene v ta dokument. Sonde (detektorji) so vedno povezani z monitorjem.
Ta dokument se uporablja za monitoring celotnega telesa (vključno z glavo), rok in nog, vendar je mogoče dele tega dokumenta uporabiti za monitorje, ki so zasnovani za spremljanje radioaktivne kontaminacije samo na rokah in nogah. Ta dokument ne vključuje merjenja prisotnosti tritija.
Ta dokument se uporablja za:
– monitor, nameščen na osebo (uporabljajo se vse točke);
– prenosni monitor za osebe (uporabljajo se vse točke);
– monitor za spremljanje rok (glej naslednje točke in podtočke: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.1.3, 7.2, 7.3.4, 7.4.2.2 b), 7.4.3, 7.4.4.1, 7.4.4.2, 7.4.4.3 b), 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 in 14);
– monitor za spremljanje nog (glej naslednje točke in podtočke: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.1.4, 7.2, 7.3.5, 7.4.2.2 c), 7.4.3, 7.4.4.1, 7.4.4.2, 7.4.4.3 c), 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 in 14); in
– monitor za spremljanje rok in nog (vključno s sondo (detektorjem) za merjenje celotnega telesa) (glej naslednje točke in podtočke: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.1.3, 7.1.4, 7.1.5, 7.2, 7.3.4, 7.3.5, 7.3.6, 7.4.2.2 b), 7.4.2.2 c), 7.4.2.2 d), 7.4.3, 7.4.4.1, 7.4.4.2, 7.4.4.3 b), 7.4.4.3 c), 7.4.4.3 d),7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 in 14).
Cilj tega dokumenta je določiti mehanske in operativne lastnosti, minimalne lastnosti delovanja in splošne preskusne postopke za monitorje za osebe.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2024
Instrumenti za zaščito pred sevanjem - Vgrajeni monitorji osebne površinske
kontaminacije (IEC 61098:2023)
Radiation protection instrumentation - Installed personnel surface contamination
monitors (IEC 61098:2023)
Strahlenschutz-Messgeräte - Fest installierte Personenkontaminationsmonitore (IEC
61098:2023)
Instrumentation pour la radioprotection - Moniteurs fixes pour la surveillance de la
contamination de surface du personnel (IEC 61098:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 61098:2024
ICS:
13.280 Varstvo pred sevanjem Radiation protection
17.240 Merjenje sevanja Radiation measurements
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 61098
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM February 2024
ICS 13.280; 17.240 Supersedes EN 61098:2007
English Version
Radiation protection instrumentation - Installed personnel
surface contamination monitors
(IEC 61098:2023)
Instrumentation pour la radioprotection - Moniteurs fixes Strahlenschutz-Messgeräte - Fest installierte
pour la surveillance de la contamination de surface du Personenkontaminationsmonitore
personnel (IEC 61098:2023)
(IEC 61098:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2024-01-22. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Türkiye and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 61098:2024 E
European foreword
This document (EN IEC 61098:2024) consists of the text of IEC 61098:2023 prepared by IEC/SC 45B
“Radiation protection instrumentation” of IEC/TC 45 "Nuclear instrumentation".
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which this document has to be (dop) 2025-01-22
implemented at national level by publication of
an identical national standard or by
endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards (dow) 2027-01-22
conflicting with this document have to be
withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 61098:2007 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61098:2023 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following note has to be added for the standard indicated:
ISO 11929 (series) NOTE Approved as EN ISO 11929 (series)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the
relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cencenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60050-395 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - - -
Part 395: Nuclear instrumentation: Physical
phenomena, basic concepts, instruments,
systems, equipment and detectors
IEC 61000-4-2 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4- EN 61000-4-2 -
2: Testing and measurement techniques -
Electrostatic discharge immunity test
IEC 61000-4-3 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4- EN IEC 61000-4-3 -
3 : Testing and measurement techniques -
Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic
field immunity test
IEC 61000-4-5 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4- EN 61000-4-5 -
5: Testing and measurement techniques -
Surge immunity test
IEC 61000-4-6 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4- - -
6: Testing and measurement techniques -
Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced
by radio-frequency fields
IEC 61000-4-8 - Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) - Part 4- EN 61000-4-8 -
8: Testing and measurement techniques -
Power frequency magnetic field immunity test
IEC 61000-4-12 - Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC) - Part 4- EN 61000-4-12 -
12: Testing and measurement techniques -
Ring wave immunity test
IEC 62706 - Radiation protection instrumentation - - -
Environmental, electromagnetic and
mechanical performance requirements
ISO 8769 2020 Measurement of radioactivity - Alpha-, beta- EN ISO 8769 2022
and photon emitting radionuclides - Reference
measurement standard specifications for the
calibration of surface contamination monitor
IEC 61098 ®
Edition 3.0 2023-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Radiation protection instrumentation – Installed personnel surface
contamination monitors
Instrumentation pour la radioprotection – Moniteurs fixes pour la surveillance de
la contamination de surface du personnel
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 13.280; 17.240 ISBN 978-2-8322-6527-7
– 2 – IEC 61098:2023 © IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms, definitions, units and symbols . 9
3.1 Terms and definitions . 9
3.2 Units . 14
3.3 Symbols (see Table 1) . 15
4 Classification of monitors . 16
4.1 According to type of radiation to be measured . 16
4.2 According to body surface being monitored . 16
4.3 According to background compensation method . 16
5 Design characteristics . 16
5.1 Positioning of the person being monitored . 16
5.2 Size of the person being monitored . 16
5.3 Hand monitoring facilities . 17
5.4 Foot monitoring facilities . 17
5.5 Body monitoring facilities . 17
5.6 Frisker . 17
5.7 Visual display. 18
5.7.1 For the user . 18
5.7.2 For maintenance purposes . 18
5.8 Audible indicators . 18
5.9 Monitoring period . 18
5.10 Ease of decontamination . 18
5.11 Detectors used . 19
5.12 Seismic consideration . 19
6 Performance requirements and test procedures . 19
6.1 General test procedure . 19
6.1.1 Nature of tests . 19
6.1.2 Tests performed under standard test conditions . 19
6.1.3 Tests performed with variation of influence quantities . 19
6.1.4 Type F influence test . 20
6.1.5 Type S influence test . 20
6.2 Functionality test . 20
6.2.1 General . 20
6.2.2 Pre-test . 20
6.2.3 Post-test . 21
6.3 Statistical fluctuations . 21
6.4 Reference sources . 21
6.5 Requirements for use of gas flow detectors . 22
7 Radiation measurement characteristics . 22
7.1 Variation of response with source position . 22
7.1.1 General . 22
7.1.2 For clothing or the body . 22
7.1.3 For hand monitoring. 27
7.1.4 For foot monitoring . 28
IEC 61098:2023 © IEC 2023 – 3 –
7.1.5 Contamination measurement of cloth or body by friskers . 30
7.2 Background. 33
7.2.1 General . 33
7.2.2 Subtraction of pre-determined background . 33
7.2.3 Simultaneous subtraction of determined background . 33
7.2.4 No background subtraction . 33
7.2.5 Gamma monitoring systems . 34
7.3 Detection limit (DL) . 34
7.3.1 General . 34
7.3.2 For clothing or body . 36
7.3.3 The effective instrument efficiency at the specific operating point . 36
7.3.4 For hand monitoring. 37
7.3.5 For foot monitoring . 37
7.3.6 For frisker monitoring. 38
7.4 Variation of response with energy . 38
7.4.1 General . 38
7.4.2 Beta. 38
7.4.3 Alpha . 40
7.4.4 Gamma . 40
7.5 Response to other ionising radiations . 41
7.5.1 General . 41
7.5.2 Gamma radiation . 42
7.5.3 Alpha radiation (for beta and gamma contamination monitoring
assemblies) . 42
7.5.4 Beta or gamma radiation (for alpha contamination monitoring
assemblies) . 42
7.6 Linearity of indication . 42
7.6.1 Requirements . 42
7.6.2 Method of test. 43
7.7 Alarm threshold. 43
7.7.1 General . 43
7.7.2 Requirements . 43
7.7.3 Method of test. 43
8 Overload protection . 43
8.1 Requirements . 43
8.2 Method of test . 43
9 Availability . 44
9.1 Warm-up time . 44
9.2 Power failure. 44
10 Environmental requirements . 44
10.1 General . 44
10.2 Ambient temperature. 44
10.2.1 Requirements . 44
10.2.2 Method of test. 44
10.3 Relative humidity . 45
10.3.1 Requirements . 45
10.3.2 Method of test. 45
10.4 Atmospheric pressure . 45
11 Mechanical requirements . 45
– 4 – IEC 61098:2023 © IEC 2023
11.1 General . 45
11.2 Vibration test . 45
11.2.1 Requirements . 45
11.2.2 Method of test. 46
11.3 Mechanical shock . 46
11.3.1 Requirements . 46
11.3.2 Method of test. 46
12 Power and electromagnetic compatibility . 46
12.1 Voltage and frequency . 46
12.2 Electromagnetic compatibility . 47
12.2.1 General . 47
12.2.2 Electrostatic discharge . 47
12.2.3 Radio-frequency (RF) Immunity . 47
12.2.4 Radiated emissions . 48
12.2.5 AC line powered monitor requirements . 48
12.2.6 Immunity from conducted RF . 49
12.2.7 Surges and ring waves . 49
12.2.8 Magnetic fields . 50
13 Storage . 50
14 Documentation . 50
14.1 Certificate . 50
14.2 Operation and maintenance manual . 51
14.3 Operational instructions . 51
14.4 Type test report . 51
Annex A (informative) Explanation of the derivation of detection limit formula . 56
A.1 General . 56
A.2 In a case of taking into account a change in the background value between
the background measurement and the contamination measurement . 59
A.3 In a case of achieving background compensation simultaneously. 61
Annex B (informative) Phantoms for testing the body effect for gamma contamination
body monitors . 63
B.1 General . 63
B.2 Phantoms building blocks . 63
B.3 Range of phantoms . 64
Annex C (informative) Characterization of the error due to the background attenuation
by the body . 65
C.1 General . 65
C.2 Standard background case. 65
C.2.1 Test procedure . 65
C.2.2 Result interpretation . 65
C.2.3 Acceptance criteria . 66
C.2.4 Important note . 66
C.3 Increased background case . 66
C.3.1 General . 66
C.3.2 Polar response characterization . 67
C.3.3 Test procedure of body attenuation effect . 67
C.3.4 Result interpretation and acceptance criteria . 67
Annex D (informative) Characterization of the response to a carried gamma source . 68
D.1 General . 68
IEC 61098:2023 © IEC 2023 – 5 –
D.2 Test procedure . 68
Bibliography . 70
Figure 1 – Vertical position of radiation source . 24
Figure 2 – Response curve composition by source position . 25
Figure 3 – Centre planes of the detection volume . 26
Figure 4 – Detector for hand monitoring . 28
Figure 5 – Detector for foot monitoring . 30
Figure 6 – Frisker (clothes)/Overhead detector . 32
Figure B.1 – Size of slices . 63
Figure B.2 – Assembled phantoms . 64
Figure D.1 – Source positions for the head . 68
Figure D.2 – Source positions for the body . 69
Figure D.3 – Source positions for the legs . 69
Table 1 – Symbols and abbreviate terms . 15
Table 2 – Emission frequency range . 48
Table 3 – Reference and standard test conditions . 52
Table 4 – Tests performed under standard test conditions . 52
Table 5 – Tests performed with variation of influence quantities . 54
Table 6 – Test and sources . 55
Table B.1 – Sizes of the set of phantoms . 64
– 6 – IEC 61098:2023 © IEC 2023
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION –
INSTALLED PERSONNEL SURFACE CONTAMINATION MONITORS
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC Publication(s)"). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 61098 has been prepared by subcommittee 45B: Radiation protection instrumentation, of
IEC technical committee 45: Nuclear instrumentation. It is an International Standard.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2003. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) Title is modified.
b) As an alternative of small area sources, area sources are added to be used for methods of
test with respect to the variation of response with source position, effective instrument
efficiency, detection limit (DL), and variation of response with energy.
c) Detection limit (DL) complies with the ISO 11929 series.
d) Descriptions of influence quantities of type F and type S are added.
e) Consistency with IEC 62706 is promoted for environmental requirements, mechanical
requirements, electromagnetic compatibility and methods of test.
f) Descriptions of overhead detectors are added.
IEC 61098:2023 © IEC 2023 – 7 –
g) Descriptions of friskers are added with respect to the hand and foot monitoring.
h) Figures are made easier to understand the relation between the detector position and the
response, and the positional relation between the detector surface and the source.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
45B/1020/FDIS 45B/1026/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1, ISO/IEC Directives and IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended
IMPORTANT – The "colour inside" logo on the cover page of this document indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
– 8 – IEC 61098:2023 © IEC 2023
RADIATION PROTECTION INSTRUMENTATION –
INSTALLED PERSONNEL SURFACE CONTAMINATION MONITORS
1 Scope
This document applies to contamination monitors that include warning assembles and meters
used for the monitoring of radioactive contamination on the surface of personnel whether they
be clothed or not. The document is applicable only to that type of equipment where the user
stays at the monitor. It is not applicable to the user passes quickly through the monitor. It is
also not applicable to any peripheral equipment which can be associated with a particular type
of equipment such as small article monitors. Probes (friskers) for measuring clothes or body by
the person under monitoring or someone else are included in this document. The probes
(friskers) are always connected to the monitor.
This document is applicable to the monitoring of the whole body (including the head), hands
and feet, but parts of this document can be used for monitors designed for the monitoring of
radioactive contamination on the hands and/or feet only. This document does not include tritium
measurement.
This document is applicable to:
– installed personnel monitor (all clauses applicable);
– transportable personnel monitor (all clauses applicable);
– monitor for monitoring the hands (see the following clauses and subclauses: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7.1.3, 7.2, 7.3.4, 7.4.2.2 b), 7.4.3, 7.4.4.1, 7.4.4.2, 7.4.4.3 b), 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13 and 14);
– monitor for monitoring the feet (see the following clauses and subclauses: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,
7.1.4, 7.2, 7.3.5, 7.4.2.2 c), 7.4.3, 7.4.4.1, 7.4.4.2, 7.4.4.3 c), 7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12,
13 and 14); and
– monitor for monitoring the hands and feet (including probe (frisker) for whole body
measurement) (see the following clauses and subclauses: 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.1.3, 7.1.4, 7.1.5,
7.2, 7.3.4, 7.3.5, 7.3.6, 7.4.2.2 b), 7.4.2.2 c), 7.4.2.2 d), 7.4.3, 7.4.4.1, 7.4.4.2, 7.4.4.3 b),
7.4.4.3 c), 7.4.4.3 d),7.5, 7.6, 7.7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14).
The object of this document is to define mechanical and operational characteristics, minimum
performance characteristics and general test procedures for personnel monitors.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-395, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 395: Nuclear
instrumentation – Physical phenomena, basic concepts, instruments, systems, equipment and
detectors, available at www.electropedia.org
IEC 61000-4-2, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-2: Testing and measurement
techniques – Electronic discharge immunity test.
IEC 61000-4-3, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-3: Testing and measurement
techniques – Radiated, radio-frequency, electromagnetic field immunity test
IEC 61098:2023 © IEC 2023 – 9 –
IEC 61000-4-5, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-5: Testing and measurement
techniques – Surge immunity test
IEC 61000-4-6, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-6: Testing and measurement
techniques – Immunity to conducted disturbances, induced by radio-frequency fields
IEC 61000-4-8, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-8: Testing and measuring
techniques – Power frequency magnetic field immunity test
IEC 61000-4-12, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-12: Testing and measuring
techniques – Ring wave immunity test
IEC 62706, Radiation protection instrumentation – Recommended climatic, electromagnetic and
mechanical performance requirements and methods of tests
ISO 8769:2020, Measurement of radioactivity – Alpha-, beta- and photon emitting radionuclides
– Reference measurement standard specifications for the calibration of surface contamination
monitors
3 Terms, definitions, units and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions, as well as those given
in IEC 60050-395 apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
surface emission rate
number of particles or photons of a given type above a given energy emerging
from the face of the source or its window per time in a mass-free environment
[SOURCE: ISO 8769:2020, 3.1, modified – Word "second" replaced with "time" in the definition.]
3.1.2
source efficiency
ε
s
ratio between the number of particles of a given type above a given energy emerging from the
face of the source or its window per unit time (surface emission rate) and the number of particles
of the same type created or released within the source (for a thin source) or its saturation layer
thickness (for a thick source) per unit time
3.1.3
small area source
source whose active surface area has a maximum linear dimension not exceeding 2,5 cm
– 10 – IEC 61098:2023 © IEC 2023
3.1.4
surface emission rate response
under stated conditions specified by the manufacturer (sensitive area
of the detector, active area of the source and the distance between source and detector), ratio
of the number of detected particles (for instance counts per unit time, corrected for background)
to the number of particles of the same type emitted by the radiation source in the same interval
of time (conventionally true surface emission rate)
3.1.5
sensitive area of the detector
area of the detector, defined by the manufacturer, where the efficiency for a small area source
is greater than 50 % of the maximum efficiency
3.1.6
total equivalent thickness
thickness, generally expressed in mass per unit area, that a particle (alpha or beta) emitted
normally from the contaminated surface crosses in order to reach the sensitive volume of the
detector
Note 1 to entry: This thickness includes the distance in the air plus the detector window thickness and, sometimes,
the thickness of any screen fitted over the detector window which protects it from contamination.
3.1.7
effective range of measurement
absolute value of the difference between the two limits of a nominal range
3.1.8
response
R
to the conventional true value
ratio of the indicated value of a monitor M M
i t
M
i
R=
M
t
3.1.9
relative error of indication
I
quotient of the error of indication of a measured quantity M – M by the conventional true value
i t
of the quantity
M
t
Note 1 to entry: It may be expressed as a percentage.
MM−
it
I ×100
M
t
3.1.10
relative intrinsic error
relative error of indication of an assembly with respect to a quantity when subjected to a
specified reference radiation under specified reference conditions
=
IEC 61098:2023 © IEC 2023 – 11 –
3.1.11
coefficient of variation
V
s
ratio V of the standard deviation to the value of the arithmetic mean x of a set of n
measurements given by the following formula:
x
i
n
s 1 1
V= = (x − x)
∑ i
x x n−1
i−1
3.1.12
deviation
D
difference between the indicated values for the same value of the measured quantity, when
made under reference conditions and when subject to an influence quantity
DM− M
it
where
is the indicated value of a monitor;
M
i
is the conventional true value
M
t
Note 1 to entry: The deviation can be positive or negative resulting in an increase or a decrease of the indicated
value, respectively.
Note 2 to entry: The deviation is of special importance for influence quantities of type S.
3.1.13
lower limit of effective range of measurement
A
minimum activity or activity concentration to be measured over which the performance of a
monitor meets the requirement of its specifications
3.1.14
decision threshold
y *
value of the estimator of the measurand, which, when exceeded by the result of an actual
measurement using a given measurement procedure of a measurand quantifying a physical
effect, is used to decide that the physical effect is present
Note 1 to entry: The decision threshold is defined such that in cases where the measurement result y exceeds the
decision threshold , the probability that the true value of the measurand is zero is less or equal to a chosen
y *
probability .
α
Note 2 to entry: If the result y is below the decision threshold , the result cannot be attributed to the physical
y *
effect; nevertheless, it cannot be concluded that it is absent.
[SOURCE: ISO 11929-1:2019, 3.12, modified – Notes to entry rephrased.]
=
– 12 – IEC 61098:2023 © IEC 2023
3.1.15
detection limit
DL
#
y
smallest true value of the measurand which ensures a specified probability of being detectable
by the measurement procedure
Note 1 to entry: With the decision threshold according to 3.1.15, the detection limit is the smallest true value of the
measurand for which the probability of wrongly deciding that the true value of the measurand is zero is equal to a
specified value β when, in fact, the true value of the measurand is not zero.
[SOURCE: ISO 11929-1:2019, 3.13, modified – Last sentence of Note 1 to entry removed, and
Note 2 to entry deleted.]
3.1.16
conventional true value
best estimate of the value of that quantity
Note 1 to entry: This is usually the value determined by, or traceable to, a secondary or primary standard or by a
reference instrument which has been calibrated against a secondary or primary standard.
3.1.17
frisker
probes for whole body monitoring attached to hand and/or foot contamination monitors
3.1.18
influence quantity of type F
influence quantity whose effect on the indicated value is a change in response
Note 1 to entry: An example is radiation energy and angle of radiation incidence.
Note 2 to entry: "F" stands for factor: The indication due to radiation is multiplied by a factor due to the influence
quantity.
3.1.19
influence quantity of type S
influence quantity whose effect on the indicated value is a deviation independent of the
indicated value
Note 1 to entry: An example is the electromagnetic disturbance.
Note 2 to entry: All requirements for influence quantities of type S are given with respect to the value of the d
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