EN IEC 60060-2:2025

High-voltage test techniques - Part 2: Measuring systems

IEC 60060-2:2025 is applicable to complete measuring systems and to their components, used for the measurement of high voltages during laboratory and factory tests with direct voltage, alternating voltage and lightning and switching impulse voltages and combined and composite voltages as specified in IEC 60060-1. For measurements during on-site tests, see IEC 60060-3. The limits on uncertainties of measurements stated in this document apply to test levels stated in IEC 60071-1. The principles of this document apply also to higher levels but the uncertainty can be greater. This document: • defines the terms used; • describes methods to estimate the uncertainties of high-voltage measurements; • states the requirements that apply to measuring systems; • describes the methods for approving a measuring system and checking its components; • describes the procedures by which the user demonstrates that a measuring system meets the requirements of this document, including the limits set for the uncertainty of measurement. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) The general layout and text has been updated and improved to make the standard easier to use. b) This document has been revised to align it with the fourth edition of IEC 60060-1. c) The treatment of measurement uncertainty estimation has been expanded. d) This document is now applicable to measuring systems used in testing at all standard insulation levels specified in IEC 60071-1. e) The measurement uncertainty requirement for the front time of the standard lighting impulse voltage has been changed from 10 % to 15 %, for testing at all standard insulation levels specified in IEC 60071-1. f) The parameter "time-to-peak" of the switching impulse defined in the third edition of IEC 60060-1:2010 has been replaced by "front time" in the fourth edition of IEC 60060-1. Necessary changes have been made in this document to accommodate this change in IEC 60060-1. g) Clause 10, Measurement of combined voltages and Clause 11, Measurement of composite voltages have been added. h) Clause B.1 has been significantly revised to align more closely with the provisions of Clause 5, including using the same nomenclature.

Hochspannungs-Prüftechnik - Teil 2: Messsysteme

Techniques des essais à haute tension - Partie 2: Systèmes de mesure

L'IEC 60060-2:2025 s'applique aux systèmes de mesure complets et à leurs constituants lorsqu'ils sont utilisés pour le mesurage de hautes tensions réalisé lors d'essais en laboratoire et en usine en tension continue, tension alternative, tensions de choc de foudre et tensions de choc de manœuvre, et tensions combinées et composites, comme cela est spécifié dans l'IEC 60060-1. Pour les mesurages réalisés lors d'essais sur site, voir l'IEC 60060-3. Les limites d'incertitudes de mesure établies dans le présent document s'appliquent aux niveaux d'essais définis dans l'IEC 60071-1. Les principes fournis dans le présent document s'appliquent aussi à des niveaux plus élevés, mais l'incertitude peut alors être plus élevée. Le présent document: • définit les termes utilisés; • décrit des méthodes pour estimer les incertitudes des mesures à haute tension; • détermine les exigences qui s'appliquent aux systèmes de mesure; • décrit les méthodes à utiliser pour qualifier un système de mesure et pour en contrôler les différents constituants; • décrit les procédures par lesquelles l'utilisateur démontre qu'un système de mesure satisfait aux exigences du présent document, y compris les limites fixées pour l'incertitude de mesure. Cette quatrième édition annule et remplace la troisième édition parue en 2010. Cette édition constitue une révision technique. Cette édition inclut les modifications techniques majeures suivantes par rapport à l'édition précédente: a) La présentation générale et le texte ont été mis à jour et améliorés pour faciliter l'utilisation de la norme. b) Le présent document a été révisé afin de s'aligner sur la quatrième édition de l'IEC 60060 1. c) Le traitement de l'estimation de l'incertitude de mesure a été élargi. d) Le présent document s'applique désormais aux systèmes de mesure utilisés pour les essais à tous les niveaux d'isolement normalisés spécifiés dans l'IEC 60071-1. e) L'exigence relative à l'incertitude de mesure du temps de montée de la tension de choc de foudre normalisée a été modifiée de 10 % à 15 % pour les essais à tous les niveaux d'isolement normalisés spécifiés dans l'IEC 60071-1. f) Le paramètre "durée jusqu'à la valeur de crête" du choc de manœuvre défini dans la troisième édition de l'IEC 60060-1:2010 a été remplacé par le "temps de montée" dans la quatrième édition de l'IEC 60060-1. Des modifications nécessaires ont été apportées dans le présent document pour tenir compte de cette modification de l'IEC 60060-1. g) L'Article 10, Mesure de tensions combinées et l'Article 11, Mesure de tensions composites ont été ajoutés. h) L'Article B.1 a été révisé de manière significative afin de mieux s'aligner sur les dispositions de l'Article 5, y compris en utilisant la même nomenclature.

Tehnike visokonapetostnega preskušanja - 2. del: Merilni sistemi

Ta del standarda IEC 60060 se uporablja za celotne merilne sisteme in njihove komponente, ki se uporabljajo za merjenje visokih napetosti med izvajanjem laboratorijskih in tovarniških preskusov z enosmerno napetostjo, izmenično napetostjo, napetostjo udara strele in stikalno udarno napetostjo ter s kombiniranimi in sestavljenimi napetostmi, kot je določeno v standardu IEC 60060-1. Za meritve med preskusi na mestu uporabe glej standard IEC 60060-3.
Omejitve pri merilnih negotovostih, navedene v tem dokumentu, veljajo za preskusne ravni, navedene v standardu IEC 60071-1. Načela tega dokumenta se uporabljajo tudi za višje ravni, vendar je lahko negotovost večja.
Ta dokument:
• opredeljuje uporabljene izraze;
• opisuje metode za ocenjevanje negotovosti meritev visoke napetosti;
• podaja zahteve, ki veljajo za merilne sisteme;
• opisuje metode za odobritev merilnega sistema in preverjanje njegovih komponent;
• opisuje postopke, s katerimi uporabnik dokaže, da merilni sistem izpolnjuje zahteve tega dokumenta, vključno z omejitvami, ki so določene za merilno negotovost.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 05-Jun-2025
• ICS: 17.220.20 - Measurement of electrical and magnetic quantities
• ICS: 19.080 - Electrical and electronic testing
• Technical Committee: CLC/SR 42 - High-voltage testing techniques
• Drafting Committee: IEC/TC 42 - IEC_TC_42
• Current Stage: 6060 - Document made available - Publishing
• Start Date: 06-Jun-2025
• Due Date: 28-Feb-2023
• Completion Date: 06-Jun-2025
• Ref Project: SIST EN IEC 60060-2:2025 - High-voltage test techniques - Part 2: Measuring systems

Relations

• Replaces: EN 60060-2:2011 - High-voltage test techniques - Part 2: Measuring systems
• Effective Date: 26-Jul-2021

Overview

EN IEC 60060-2:2025 - High-voltage test techniques, Part 2: Measuring systems (CLC/CENELEC adoption of IEC 60060-2:2025) specifies requirements, tests and procedures for complete measuring systems and their components used for measuring high voltages in laboratory and factory tests. It covers measurements with direct voltage (DC), alternating voltage (AC), lightning impulse and switching impulse voltages, and now also combined and composite voltages (see IEC 60060-1 for detailed test voltages). This fourth edition supersedes EN 60060-2:2011 and introduces a number of technical updates including expanded uncertainty treatment and alignment with the 4th edition of IEC 60060-1.

Key topics and requirements

• Scope and terminology: Definitions for measuring systems, components, scale factors, dynamic behaviour and uncertainty.
• Uncertainty estimation: Methods to estimate and document measurement uncertainty in accordance with the revised rules (expanded treatment vs. previous edition). Limits apply to test levels in IEC 60071-1; principles extend to higher levels (with possible increased uncertainty).
• Calibration and scale factor determination: Preferred method by comparison with a reference measuring system and an alternative component-based method.
• Dynamic behaviour and frequency response: Tests for AC, impulse and ripple measurements including reference and alternative methods for impulse systems.
• Performance testing and checks: Schedules for qualification, routine performance checks, short- and long-term stability, ambient temperature and proximity effects, software influence, and record-keeping.
• Impulse time-parameter measurement: Specific uncertainty guidance for impulse time parameters; note the front time uncertainty for the standard lightning impulse changed from 10% to 15%.
• New content: Clauses for measurement of combined voltages (Clause 10) and composite voltages (Clause 11) and significant editorial reorganizations (e.g., Clause B.1 revision).

Practical applications and who uses it

This standard is essential for:

• High-voltage test laboratories and factory testing facilities
• Utilities and grid operators performing type and routine tests
• Manufacturers of transformers, switchgear, insulators and surge arresters
• Calibration laboratories and instrument manufacturers (high-voltage dividers, impulse measuring systems)
• Quality managers and compliance engineers ensuring test measurements meet uncertainty and dynamic-response requirements

Typical uses:

• Approving and qualifying measuring systems before routine testing
• Performing calibrations, performance checks and uncertainty budgets
• Ensuring compliance with IEC 60060-1 test definitions and IEC 60071-1 insulation levels
• Supporting test results used for product certification and type testing

Related standards

• IEC/EN IEC 60060-1 (General terminology and test requirements)
• IEC/EN 60060-3 (On-site measurements)
• IEC 60071-1 (Standard insulation levels)
• IEC 61083 series, IEC 60270, IEC 62475
• ISO/IEC 17025:2017 (Calibration and testing laboratory competence)

Keywords: EN IEC 60060-2:2025, high-voltage test techniques, measuring systems, measurement uncertainty, lightning impulse, switching impulse, calibration, dynamic behaviour, IEC 60060-1, IEC 60071-1.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2025
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 60060-2:2011
Tehnike visokonapetostnega preskušanja - 2. del: Merilni sistemi
High-voltage test techniques - Part 2: Measuring systems
Hochspannungs-Prüftechnik - Teil 2: Messsysteme
Techniques des essais à haute tension - Partie 2: Systèmes de mesure
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 60060-2:2025
ICS:
17.220.20 Merjenje električnih in Measurement of electrical
magnetnih veličin and magnetic quantities
19.080 Električno in elektronsko Electrical and electronic
preskušanje testing
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 60060-2

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM June 2025
ICS 17.220.20; 19.080 Supersedes EN 60060-2:2011
English Version
High-voltage test techniques - Part 2: Measuring systems
(IEC 60060-2:2025)
Techniques des essais à haute tension - Partie 2: Systèmes Hochspannungs-Prüftechnik - Teil 2: Messsysteme
de mesure (IEC 60060-2:2025)
(IEC 60060-2:2025)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2025-05-22. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Türkiye and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 60060-2:2025 E

European foreword
The text of document 42/443/FDIS, future edition 4 of IEC 60060-2, prepared by TC 42 "High-voltage
and high-current test techniques" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by
CENELEC as EN IEC 60060-2:2025.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2026-06-30
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2028-06-30
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 60060-2:2011 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 60060-2:2025 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standard indicated:
IEC 60060-3 NOTE Approved as EN 60060-3
IEC 60071-1 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 60071-1
IEC 60270 NOTE Approved as EN 60270
IEC 62475 NOTE Approved as EN 62475
ISO/IEC 17025:2017 NOTE Approved as EN ISO/IEC 17025:2017 (not modified)
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1  Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod),
the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2  Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cencenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60052 - Voltage measurement by means of EN 60052 -
standard air gaps
IEC 60060-1 - High-voltage test techniques - Part 1: EN IEC 60060-1 -
General terminology and test requirements
IEC 61083 series Instruments and software used for EN 61083 series
measurements in high-voltage and high-
current tests
IEC 61083-1 - Instruments and software used for EN 61083-1 -
measurements in high-voltage and high-
current tests - Part 1: Requirements for
instruments for impulse tests
IEC 61083-2 - Instruments and software used for EN 61083-2 -
measurement in high-voltage and high-
current tests - Part 2: Requirements for
software for tests with impulse voltages
and currents
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3 2008 Uncertainty of measurement - Part 3: - -
Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement (GUM:1995)
IEC 60060-2 ®
Edition 4.0 2025-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
High-voltage test techniques –

Part 2: Measuring systems
Techniques des essais à haute tension –

Partie 2: Systèmes de mesure
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 17.220.20, 19.080 ISBN 978-2-8322-4701-3

– 2 – IEC 60060-2:2025 © IEC 2025
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 7
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
3.1 Measuring systems . 10
3.2 Components of a measuring system . 10
3.3 Scale factors . 11
3.4 Rated values . 12
3.5 Terms related to dynamic behaviour . 13
3.6 Terms related to uncertainty . 17
3.7 Terms related to tests on measuring systems . 20
4 Procedures for qualification and use of measuring systems . 21
4.1 General principles . 21
4.2 Schedule of performance tests . 21
4.3 Schedule of performance checks . 21
4.4 Requirements for the record of performance . 22
4.4.1 Contents of the record of performance . 22
4.4.2 Exceptions . 22
4.5 Operating conditions . 22
4.6 Uncertainty . 23
5 Tests and test requirements for an approved measuring system and its
components . 23
5.1 General requirements . 23
5.2 Calibration – Determination of the scale factor . 24
5.2.1 Calibration of measuring systems by comparison with a reference
measuring system (preferred method). 24
5.2.2 Determination of the scale factor of a measuring system from the scale
factors of its components (alternative method) . 27
5.3 Linearity test in addition to comparison over the limited voltage range . 28
5.3.1 Application . 28
5.3.2 Alternative methods in order of suitability . 29
5.4 Dynamic behaviour . 30
5.4.1 General . 30
5.4.2 Determination of the amplitude-frequency response of
AC measuring systems . 30
5.4.3 Reference method for impulse voltage measuring systems . 31
5.5 Short-term stability . 31
5.6 Long-term stability . 32
5.7 Ambient temperature effect . 32
5.8 Proximity effect . 33
5.9 Software effect . 33
5.10 Uncertainty calculation of the scale factor . 34
5.10.1 General . 34
5.10.2 Uncertainty of the calibration . 34
5.10.3 Uncertainty of measurement using an approved measuring system . 35
5.11 Uncertainty calculation of time parameter measurement (impulse voltages
only) . 36
5.11.1 General . 36

IEC 60060-2:2025 © IEC 2025 – 3 –
5.11.2 Uncertainty of the time parameter calibration . 36
5.11.3 Uncertainty of time parameter measurement using an approved
measuring system . 38
5.12 Interference test (transmission system and instrument for impulse voltage
measurements) . 38
5.13 Withstand tests for converting device . 39
6 Measurement of direct voltage . 39
6.1 Requirements for an approved measuring system . 39
6.1.1 General . 39
6.1.2 Uncertainty contributions . 40
6.1.3 Requirements for converting device . 40
6.1.4 Dynamic behaviour for measuring voltage changes . 40
6.2 Tests on an approved measuring system . 40
6.3 Performance check . 41
6.3.1 General . 41
6.3.2 Comparison with an approved measuring system. 41
6.3.3 Check of the scale factors of the components . 42
6.4 Measurement of ripple amplitude . 42
6.4.1 Requirements . 42
6.4.2 Uncertainty contributions . 42
6.4.3 Calibrations and tests on an approved ripple voltage measuring system . 42
6.4.4 Measurement of the scale factor at the ripple frequency . 42
6.4.5 Dynamic behaviour by amplitude-frequency response . 43
6.4.6 Performance check for ripple measuring system . 43
7 Measurement of alternating voltage . 43
7.1 Requirements for an approved measuring system . 43
7.1.1 General . 43
7.1.2 Uncertainty contributions . 43
7.1.3 Dynamic behaviour . 43
7.2 Tests on an approved measuring system . 46
7.3 Dynamic behaviour test . 46
7.4 Performance check . 46
7.4.1 General . 46
7.4.2 Comparison with an approved measuring system. 47
7.4.3 Check of the scale factors of the components . 47
8 Measurement of lightning impulse voltage . 48
8.1 Requirements for an approved measuring system . 48
8.1.1 General . 48
8.1.2 Uncertainty contributions . 48
8.1.3 Requirements for measuring instrument . 48
8.1.4 Dynamic behaviour . 48
8.1.5 Connection to the test object . 49
8.2 Tests on an approved measuring system . 49
8.3 Performance test on measuring systems . 50
8.3.1 Reference method (preferred) . 50
8.3.2 Alternative method supplemented by a measurement of the step
response in accordance with Annex C . 50
8.4 Dynamic behaviour test . 51
8.4.1 Comparison with a reference measuring system (preferred). 51

– 4 – IEC 60060-2:2025 © IEC 2025
8.4.2 Alternative method based on step response parameters (Annex C) and
convolution (Annex D) . 51
8.5 Performance check . 51
8.5.1 Comparison with an approved measuring system. 51
8.5.2 Check of the scale factors of the components . 51
8.5.3 Dynamic behaviour check by reference record at low voltage . 52
8.5.4 Dynamic behaviour check by reference record of an impulse voltage . 52
9 Measurement of switching impulse voltage . 52
9.1 Requirements for an approved measuring system . 52
9.1.1 General . 52
9.1.2 Uncertainty contribution . 52
9.1.3 Requirements for the measuring instrument . 52
9.1.4 Dynamic behaviour . 53
9.1.5 Connection to the test object . 53
9.2 Tests on an approved measuring system . 53
9.3 Performance test on measuring systems . 53
9.3.1 Reference method (preferred) . 53
9.3.2 Alternative methods supplemented by a step-response measurement . 53
9.4 Dynamic behaviour test by comparison . 54
9.5 Performance check . 54
9.5.1 Scale factor check by comparison with an approved measuring system . 54
9.5.2 Check of the scale factors of the components . 54
9.5.3 Dynamic behaviour check by reference record . 54
10 Measurement of combined voltages . 55
10.1 Requirements for an approved measuring system . 55
10.1.1 General . 55
10.1.2 Uncertainty contributions . 56
10.1.3 Requirements for measuring systems . 56
10.1.4 Connection to the test object . 58
10.1.5 Requirements for an approved measuring system . 58
10.2 Performance checks and tests on measuring systems. 58
11 Measurement of composite voltages . 58
11.1 Requirements for an approved measuring system . 58
11.1.1 General . 58
11.1.2 Uncertainty contributions . 59
11.1.3 Requirements for measuring systems . 59
11.1.4 Connection to the test object . 60
11.1.5 Combining requirements for an approved measuring system . 60
11.2 Performance checks and tests on measuring systems. 60
12 Reference measuring systems . 61
12.1 Requirements for reference measuring systems . 61
12.1.1 Direct voltage . 61
12.1.2 Alternating voltage . 61
12.1.3 Full and chopped lightning and switching impulse voltages . 61
12.2 Calibration of a reference measuring system. 61
12.2.1 General . 61
12.2.2 Reference method: Comparative measurement . 61
12.2.3 Alternative method for impulse voltages: Measurement of scale factor
and evaluation of step response parameters . 61

IEC 60060-2:2025 © IEC 2025 – 5 –
12.3 Interval between successive calibrations of reference measuring systems . 62
12.4 Use of reference measuring systems . 62
Annex A (informative) Uncertainty of measurement . 63
A.1 General . 63
A.2 Model function . 63
A.3 Type A evaluation of standard uncertainty . 64
A.4 Type B evaluation of standard uncertainty . 65
A.5 Combined standard uncertainty . 66
A.6 Expanded uncertainty . 67
A.7 Effective degrees of freedom . 68
A.8 Uncertainty budget . 68
A.9 Statement of the measurement result . 69
Annex B (informative) Examples for the calculation of measuring uncertainties in high-
voltage measurements . 71
B.1 Example 1: Calibration of scale factor of an AC measuring system
(comparison method) . 71
B.1.1 Description . 71
B.1.2 Determination of scale factor and uncertainty contributions . 71
B.1.3 Uncertainty budget and expression of result . 75
B.2 Example 2: Calibration of scale factor of an impulse voltage measuring
system (component method) . 75
B.3 Example 3: Calibration of front time of lightning impulse voltages . 77
Annex C (normative) Step-response measurements . 81
C.1 General . 81
C.2 Circuit for step- response measurements . 81
C.3 Recommendations for the step response of a component. 81
Annex D (normative) Convolution method for the determination of dynamic behaviour
from step-response measurements . 84
D.1 General . 84
D.2 Convolution method . 84
D.3 Procedure for performing the convolution calculation . 85
D.4 Uncertainty contributions . 86
D.5 Discussion of the calculated errors of impulse parameters . 86
D.5.1 Error in the peak amplitude . 86
D.5.2 Error in the front time . 86
D.5.3 Error in the time to half-value. 87
Bibliography . 88

Figure 1 – Amplitude-frequency response with examples for limit frequencies (f ; f ) . 13
1 2
Figure 2 – Parameters for the unit step response g(t) . 15
Figure 3 – Parameters for the step-response integral T(t) . 16
Figure 4 – Calibration by comparison over the full voltage range, h=5 . 26
Figure 5 – Uncertainty contributions for calibration over five voltage levels . 26
Figure 6 – Combining calibration and linearity test . 27
Figure 7 – Linearity test in the extended voltage range . 29
Figure 8 – Short-circuiting arrangement for the interference test . 39
Figure 9 – Normalized amplitude-frequency response of a measuring system intended
for a single fundamental frequency . 45

– 6 – IEC 60060-2:2025 © IEC 2025
Figure 10 – Normalized amplitude-frequency response of measuring system intended
for a range of fundamental frequencies . 46
Figure 11 – Circuit for a combined voltage test . 56
Figure 12 – Circuit for a composite voltage test . 59
Figure A.1 – Normal probability distribution p(x) . 69
Figure A.2 – Rectangular probability distribution p(x) . 70
Figure B.1 – Comparison of measuring systems . 71
Figure B.2 – Front time deviation of system X, related to the reference system N . 79
Figure C.1 –Unit step response g(t) showing an initial distortion . 82
Figure C.2 – Suitable circuits for step response measurement . 83

Table 1 – Tests required for an approved direct voltage measuring system . 41
Table 2 – Tests required for estimation of uncertainty contributions in ripple
measurement . 43
Table 3 – Tests required for an approved alternating voltage measuring system . 47
Table 4 – Tests required for an approved lightning impulse voltage measuring system . 49
Table 5 – Tests required for a switching impulse voltage measuring system . 55
Table 6 – Requirements for measuring systems for combined voltage tests . 58
Table 7 – Requirements for measuring systems for composite tests . 60
Table 8 – Recommended response parameter values for impulse voltage reference
measuring systems . 62
Table A.1 – Coverage factor k for effective degrees of freedom ν (p = 95 %) . 68
eff
Table A.2 – Schematic of an uncertainty budget . 69
Table B.1 – Result of the comparison measurement at a single voltage level g . 73
Table B.2 – Summary of results for h = 5 voltage levels (V = 500 kV) . 73
Xmax
Table B.3 – Uncertainty budget of the assigned scale factor F . 75
X
Table B.4 – Uncertainty budget of the assigned scale factor F . 77
Table B.5 – Calibration result for front time T and deviations. 78
Table B.6 – Uncertainty budget of the front time deviation ∆T . 80
1cal
IEC 60060-2:2025 © IEC 2025 – 7 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
HIGH-VOLTAGE TEST TECHNIQUES –

Part 2: Measuring systems
FOREWORD
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services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which
may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent
the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights
IEC 60060-2 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 42: High-voltage and high current
test techniques. It is an International Standard.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2010. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) The general layout and text has been updated and improved to make the standard easier to
use.
b) This document has been revised to align it with the fourth edition of IEC 60060-1.
c) The treatment of measurement uncertainty estimation has been expanded.

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d) This document is now applicable to measuring systems used in testing at all standard
insulation levels specified in IEC 60071-1.
e) The measurement uncertainty requirement for the front time of the standard lighting impulse
voltage has been changed from 10 % to 15 %, for testing at all standard insulation levels
specified in IEC 60071-1.
f) The parameter "time-to-peak" of the switching impulse defined in the third edition of
IEC 60060-1:2010 has been replaced by "front time" in the fourth edition of IEC 60060-1.
Necessary changes have been made in this document to accommodate this change in
IEC 60060-1.
g) Clause 10, Measurement of combined voltages and Clause 11, Measurement of composite
voltages have been added.
h) Clause B.1 has been significantly revised to align more closely with the provisions of
Clause 5, including using the same nomenclature.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
42/443/FDIS 42/447/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 60060 series, published under the general title High-voltage test
techniques, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
IEC 60060-2:2025 © IEC 2025 – 9 –
HIGH-VOLTAGE TEST TECHNIQUES –

Part 2: Measuring systems
1 Scope
This part of IEC 60060 is applicable to complete measuring systems and to their components,
used for the measurement of high voltages during laboratory and factory tests with direct
voltage, alternating voltage and lightning and switching impulse voltages and combined and
composite voltages as specified in IEC 60060-1. For measurements during on-site tests, see
IEC 60060-3.
The limits on uncertainties of measurements stated in this document apply to test levels stated
in IEC 60071-1. The principles of this document apply also to higher levels but the uncertainty
can be greater.
This document:
• defines the terms used;
• describes methods to estimate the uncertainties of high-voltage measurements;
• states the requirements that apply to measuring systems;
• describes the methods for approving a measuring system and checking its components;
• describes the procedures by which the user demonstrates that a measuring system meets
the requirements of this document, including the limits set for the uncertainty of
measurement.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60052, Voltage measurement by means of standard air gaps
IEC 60060-1, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General terminology and test requirements
IEC 61083 (all parts), Instruments and software used for measurements in high-voltage and
high-current tests
IEC 61083-1, Instruments and software used for measurements in high-voltage and high-
current tests – Part 1: Requirements for instruments for impulse tests
IEC 61083-2, Instruments and software used for measurement in high-voltage and high-current
tests – Part 2: Requirements for software for tests with impulse voltages and currents
ISO/IEC Guide 98-3:2008, Uncertainty of measurement – Part 3: Guide to the expression of
uncertainty in measurement (GUM: 1995)

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3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1 Measuring systems
3.1.1
measuring system
complete set of devices suitable for performing a high-voltage measurement
Note 1 to entry: A measuring system usually comprises the following components:
– a converting device with the leads required for connecting this device to the test object or into the circuit and the
connections to earth;
– a transmission system connecting the output terminals of the converting device to the measuring instruments with
its attenuating, terminating and adapting impedances or networks;
– a measuring instrument together with any connection to the power supply. Measuring systems which comprise
only some of the above components or which are based on non-conventional principles are acceptable if they
meet the uncertainty requirements specified in this document;
– and in some cases the measuring system can include software to calculate the measurand.
Note 2 to entry: The environment in which a measuring system functions, its clearances to live and earthed
structures and the presence of electric or magnetic fields can significantly affect the measurement result and its
uncertainty.
3.1.2
record of performance
detailed record, established and maintained by the user, describing the measuring system and
containing evidence that the requirements given in this document have been met
Note 1 to entry: This evidence includes the results of the initial performance test and the schedule and results of
each subsequent performance test and performance check.
3.1.3
approved measuring system
measuring system that is shown to comply with one or more of the sets of requirements set out
in IEC 60060-2
3.1.4
reference measuring system
measuring system with its calibration conducted in conformity with relevant national or
international standards of measurement, and having sufficient accuracy and stability for use in
the approval of other systems by making simultaneous comparative measurements with specific
types of waveform and ranges of voltage
Note 1 to entry: A reference measuring system (maintained in accordance with the requirements of this document)
can be used as an approved measuring system but the converse is not true.
3.2 Components of a measuring system
3.2.1
converting device
device for converting the quantity to be measured (measurand) into a quantity compatible with
the measuring instrument
IEC 60060-2:2025 © IEC 2025 – 11 –
3.2.2
voltage divider
device comprising resistors, inductors, capacitors, transformer(s) or a combination of these
components such that, between two points of the device, a desired fraction of the voltage
applied to the device as a whole can be obtained
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-312:2001, 312-02-32]
3.2.3
voltage transformer
instrument transformer in which the secondary voltage, in normal conditions of use, is
substantially proportional to the primary voltage and differs in phase from it by an angle which
is approximately zero for an appropriate direction of the connections
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-321:1986, 321-03-01]
3.2.4
voltage converting impedance
converting device which carries a current proportional to the applied voltage to be measured
with a current measuring instrument
3.2.5
electric-field probe
converting device for the measurement of the amplitude and waveform of an electric field
Note 1 to entry: An ele
...