EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019
(Main)Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
This part of CISPR 16 specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the
measurement of radiated disturbances in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz. Specifications
for antennas and test sites are included.
NOTE In accordance with IEC Guide 107, CISPR 16-1-4 is a basic EMC publication for use by product committees
of the IEC. As stated in Guide 107, product committees are responsible for determining the applicability of the EMC
standard. CISPR and its sub-committees are prepared to cooperate with product committees in the evaluation of
the value of particular EMC tests for specific products.
The requirements of this publication apply at all frequencies and for all levels of radiated
disturbances within the CISPR indicating range of the measuring equipment.
Methods of measurement are covered in Part 2-3, further information on radio disturbance is
given in Part 3, and uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling are covered in Part 4 of
CISPR 16.
Anforderungen an Geräte und Einrichtungen sowie Festlegung der Verfahren zur Messung der hochfrequenten Störaussendung (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit – Teil 1-4: Geräte und Einrichtungen zur Messung der hochfrequenten Störaussendung (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit – Antennen und Messplätze für Messungen der gestrahlten Störaussendung
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques - Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques - Antennes et emplacements d'essai pour les mesures des perturbations rayonnées
Specifikacija merilnih naprav in metod za merjenje radiofrekvenčnih motenj in odpornosti - 1-4. del: Merilne naprave za merjenje radiofrekvenčnih motenj in odpornosti - Antene in preskuševališča za meritve sevanih motenj
Ta del standarda CISPR 16 določa značilnosti in učinkovitost opreme za meritve sevanih motenj v frekvenčnem območju od 9 kHz do 18 GHz. Vključene so specifikacije za antene in preskuševališča.
OPOMBA: V skladu z vodilom IEC 107 je standard CISPR 16-1-4 osnovna objava o elektromagnetni združljivosti, ki jo uporabljajo tehnični odbori v okviru Mednarodne elektrotehniške komisije (IEC). Kot je navedeno v vodilu IEC 107, so za ugotavljanje uporabe standarda o elektromagnetni združljivosti odgovorni tehnični odbori. Odbor CISPR in njegovi pododbori so pripravljeni sodelovati s tehničnimi odbori pri vrednotenju posameznih preskusov elektromagnetne združljivosti za ustrezne izdelke.
Zahteve v tej publikaciji se uporabljajo za vse frekvence ter za vse ravni sevanih motenj v opredeljenem območju CISPR merilne opreme.
Merilne metode so zajete v delu 2–3, dodatne informacije o radijskih motnjah so navedene v 3. delu, negotovosti, statistike in modeliranje z omejitvami pa so zajete v 4. delu standarda CISPR 16.
General Information
Relations
Overview
EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019 (CISPR 16-1-4:2019) specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment used for radiated disturbance measurements over the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz. Published by SIST as the European adoption of CISPR 16-1-4, this standard focuses on antennas and test sites (OATS, SAC, FAR, etc.) required to measure radiated emissions and immunity reliably. It is a foundational EMC publication intended to support product committees, test laboratories and manufacturers in establishing valid measurement setups and site validations.
Key Topics and Requirements
- Antenna specifications
- Requirements for magnetic and electric field antennas across sub-ranges (9 kHz–150 kHz; 150 kHz–30 MHz; 30 MHz–1 GHz; 1 GHz–18 GHz).
- Characteristics such as balance, cross‑polar response, VSWR and use of low‑uncertainty antennas for disputed measurements.
- Special arrangements (e.g., large-loop antenna systems) and calibration-related provisions.
- Test site definitions and validation
- Open Area Test Sites (OATS), Semi‑Anechoic Chambers (SAC), Fully Anechoic Rooms (FAR) and reference test site methods (RSM).
- Validation techniques including the Normalized Site Attenuation (NSA) method and swept/discrete frequency procedures.
- Requirements for ground planes, obstruction‑free areas, weather protection, set‑up table and antenna tower evaluations.
- Measurement configuration and measurement positions
- Standardized positions for site validation (S-method and reciprocal procedures), antenna heights and orientation requirements.
- Scope boundaries and cross‑references
- Applies to all radiated disturbance levels within the CISPR indicating range of measuring equipment.
- Related guidance on measurement methods (Part 2‑3), technical reports (Part 3) and uncertainty/statistics (Part 4).
Practical Applications and Users
Who uses this standard:
- EMC test laboratories validating test sites and performing radiated emissions and immunity testing.
- Antenna and test‑chamber manufacturers designing equipment for measurement compliance.
- Compliance engineers, product committees and regulatory bodies assessing conformity to EMC limits. Practical uses:
- Designing or validating an OATS, SAC or FAR for product compliance testing.
- Selecting and specifying antennas and calibration procedures for low‑uncertainty measurements.
- Establishing site acceptance criteria, test set‑ups and measurement positions to ensure repeatable, comparable results.
Related Standards
- CISPR 16-1-1 (measuring apparatus)
- CISPR 16-1-5 / 16-1-6 (antenna calibration and reference sites)
- CISPR 16-2-3 (methods of measurement - radiated)
- CISPR 16-4-2 (uncertainties, measurement instrumentation uncertainty)
- IEC/EN references such as IEC 61169-8 and EN 61000-4-20
Keywords: EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019, CISPR 16-1-4, radiated disturbance measurements, antennas and test sites, EMC compliance, OATS, SAC, FAR, NSA, site validation, antenna calibration.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2019
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 55016-1-4:2011
SIST EN 55016-1-4:2011/A1:2013
SIST EN 55016-1-4:2011/A2:2017
Specifikacija merilnih naprav in metod za merjenje radiofrekvenčnih motenj in
odpornosti - 1-4. del: Merilne naprave za merjenje radiofrekvenčnih motenj in
odpornosti - Antene in preskuševališča za meritve sevanih motenj
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods -
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antennas and test sites
for radiated disturbance measurements
Anforderungen an Geräte und Einrichtungen sowie Festlegung der Verfahren zur
Messung der hochfrequenten Störaussendung (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit – Teil
1-4: Geräte und Einrichtungen zur Messung der hochfrequenten Störaussendung
(Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit – Antennen und Messplätze für Messungen der
gestrahlten Störaussendung
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques - Partie 1-4:
Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux
perturbations radioélectriques - Antennes et emplacements d'essai pour les mesures
des perturbations rayonnées
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019
ICS:
17.240 Merjenje sevanja Radiation measurements
33.100.20 Imunost Immunity
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 55016-1-4
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
March 2019
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 Supersedes EN 55016-1-4:2010
English Version
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods - Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and
immunity measuring apparatus - Antennas and test sites for
radiated disturbance measurements
(CISPR 16-1-4:2019)
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure Anforderungen an Geräte und Einrichtungen sowie
des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux Festlegung der Verfahren zur Messung der hochfrequenten
perturbations radioélectriques - Partie 1-4: Appareils de Störaussendung (Funkstörungen) und Störfestigkeit - Teil 1-
mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de l'immunité 4: Geräte und Einrichtungen zur Messung der
aux perturbations radioélectriques - Antennes et hochfrequenten Störaussendung (Funkstörungen) und
emplacements d'essai pour les mesures des perturbations Störfestigkeit - Antennen und Messplätze für Messungen
rayonnées der gestrahlten Störaussendung
(CISPR 16-1-4:2019) (CISPR 16-1-4:2019)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2019-02-12. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden,
Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019 E
European foreword
The text of document CIS/A/1262/FDIS, future edition 4 of CISPR 16-1-4, prepared by CISPR SC A
"Radio-interference measurements and statistical methods" of CISPR "International special committee
on radio interference" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC
as EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2019-11-12
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2022-02-12
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 55016-1-4:2010.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard CISPR 16-1-4:2019 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards
indicated:
IEC 61169-8 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61169-8
IEC 61000-4-20 NOTE Harmonized as EN 61000-4-20
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
CISPR 16-1-1 - Specification for radio disturbance and immunity - -
measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1:
Radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus - Measuring apparatus
CISPR 16-1-5 2014 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity EN 55016-1-5 2015
measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-5:
Radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus - Antenna calibration sites and
reference test sites for 5 MHz to 18 GHz
+ A1 2016 + A1 2017
CISPR 16-1-6 2014 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity EN 55016-1-6 2015
measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-6:
Radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus - EMC antenna calibration
+ A1 2017 + A1 2017
CISPR 16-2-3 2016 Specification for radio disturbance and immunity EN 55016-2-3 2017
measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-3:
Methods of measurement of disturbances and
immunity - Radiated disturbance measurements
CISPR TR 16-3 - Specification for radio disturbance and immunity - -
measuring apparatus and methods -- Part 3:
CISPR technical reports
CISPR 16-4-2 - Specification for radio disturbance and immunity EN 55016-4-2 -
measuring apparatus and methods - Part 4-2:
Uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling -
Measurement instrumentation uncertainty
IEC 60050-191 - International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - - -
Chapter 191: Dependability and quality of service
CISPR 16-1-4 ®
Edition 4.0 2019-01
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
INT ERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
C OMITÉ INTERNATIONAL SPÉCIAL DES PERTURBATIONS RADIOÉLECTRIQUES
Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and
methods –
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus – Antennas and
test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
Spécifications des méthodes et des appareils de mesure des perturbations
radioélectriques et de l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques –
Partie 1-4: Appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de
l'immunité aux perturbations radioélectriques – Antennes et emplacements
d'essai pour les mesures des perturbations rayonnées
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 33.100.10; 33.100.20 ISBN 978-2-8322-6261-0
– 2 – CISPR 16-1-4:2019 IEC 2019
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 8
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references . 10
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms . 11
3.1 Terms and definitions . 11
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 15
4 Antennas for measurement of radiated radio disturbance . 16
4.1 General . 16
4.2 Physical parameter (measurand) for radiated disturbance measurements . 16
4.3 Antennas for the frequency range 9 kHz to 150 kHz . 17
4.3.1 General . 17
4.3.2 Magnetic field antenna . 17
4.3.3 Shielding of loop antenna . 17
4.4 Antennas for the frequency range 150 kHz to 30 MHz . 17
4.4.1 Electric field antenna . 17
4.4.2 Magnetic field antenna . 18
4.4.3 Balance and electric field discrimination of antennas . 18
4.5 Antennas for the frequency range 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz . 18
4.5.1 General . 18
4.5.2 Low-uncertainty antenna for use if there is an alleged non-compliance
to the electric disturbance field strength limit . 18
4.5.3 Antenna characteristics . 18
4.5.4 Balance of antenna . 20
4.5.5 Cross-polar response of antenna . 22
4.6 Antennas for the frequency range 1 GHz to 18 GHz . 23
4.6.1 General . 23
4.6.2 Receive antenna . 23
4.7 Special antenna arrangements – large-loop antenna system . 25
5 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency
range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz . 25
6 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz . 26
6.1 General . 26
6.2 OATS . 26
6.2.1 General . 26
6.2.2 Weather-protection enclosure . 26
6.2.3 Obstruction-free area . 26
6.2.4 Radio-frequency ambient environment of a test site . 27
6.2.5 Ground plane . 28
6.3 Suitability of other test sites . 28
6.3.1 Other ground-plane test sites . 28
6.3.2 Test sites without ground plane (FAR) . 28
6.4 Test site validations . 29
6.4.1 General . 29
6.4.2 Overview of test site validations . 30
6.5 Basic parameters of the NSA method for OATS and SAC . 30
6.5.1 General equation and table of theoretical NSA values . 30
CISPR 16-1-4:2019 IEC 2019 – 3 –
6.5.2 Antenna calibration . 34
6.6 Reference site method for OATS and SAC . 34
6.6.1 General . 34
6.6.2 Antennas not permitted for RSM measurements . 35
6.6.3 Determination of the antenna pair reference site attenuation on a
REFTS . 35
6.6.4 Determination of the antenna pair reference site attenuation using an
averaging technique on a large OATS . 36
6.7 Validation of an OATS by the NSA method . 39
6.7.1 Discrete frequency method . 39
6.7.2 Swept frequency method . 40
6.8 Validation of a weather-protection-enclosed OATS or a SAC . 41
6.9 Possible causes for exceeding site acceptability limits . 43
6.10 Site validation for FARs . 44
6.10.1 General . 44
6.10.2 RSM for FAR sites . 48
6.10.3 NSA method for FAR sites . 50
6.10.4 Site validation criteria for FAR sites . 52
6.11 Evaluation of set-up table and antenna tower . 52
6.11.1 General . 52
6.11.2 Evaluation procedure for set-up table influences . 53
7 Test sites for measurement of radio disturbance field strength for the frequency
range 1 GHz to 18 GHz . 54
7.1 General . 54
7.2 Reference test site . 55
7.3 Test site validation . 55
7.3.1 General . 55
7.3.2 Acceptance criterion for site validation. 56
7.4 Antenna requirements for S standard test procedure . 56
VSWR
7.4.1 General . 56
7.4.2 Transmit antenna . 57
7.4.3 Antennas and test equipment for the S reciprocal test procedure . 59
VSWR
7.5 Required positions for site validation testing . 60
7.5.1 General . 60
7.5.2 Descriptions of S measurement positions in a horizontal plane
VSWR
(Figure 23) . 60
7.5.3 Descriptions of S additional measurement positions (Figure 24) . 61
VSWR
7.5.4 Summary of S measurement positions . 62
VSWR
7.6 S site validation – standard test procedure . 65
VSWR
7.7 S site validation – reciprocal test procedure using an isotropic field
VSWR
probe . 66
7.8 S conditional measurement position requirements . 67
VSWR
7.9 S site validation test report . 68
VSWR
7.10 Limitations of the S site validation method . 68
VSWR
7.11 Alternative test sites . 69
8 Common mode absorption devices . 69
8.1 General . 69
8.2 CMAD S-parameter measurements . 69
8.3 CMAD test jig . 69
8.4 Measurement method using the TRL calibration. 70
– 4 – CISPR 16-1-4:2019 IEC 2019
8.5 Specification of ferrite clamp-type CMAD . 72
8.6 CMAD performance (degradation) check using spectrum analyzer and
tracking generator . 73
9 Reverberating chamber for total radiated power measurement . 75
9.1 General . 75
9.2 Chamber . 75
9.2.1 Chamber size and shape . 75
9.2.2 Door, openings in walls, and mounting brackets . 75
9.2.3 Stirrers . 76
9.2.4 Test for the efficiency of the stirrers . 76
9.2.5 Coupling attenuation . 77
10 TEM cells for immunity to radiated disturbance measurement . 78
Annex A (normative) Parameters of antennas . 79
A.1 General . 79
A.2 Preferred antennas . 79
A.2.1 General . 79
A.2.2 Calculable antenna. 79
A.2.3 Low-uncertainty antennas . 79
A.3 Simple dipole antennas . 80
A.3.1 General . 80
A.3.2 Tuned dipole . 81
A.3.3 Shortened dipole . 81
A.4 Broadband antenna parameters . 82
A.4.1 General . 82
A.4.2 Antenna type . 83
A.4.3 Specification of the antenna . 83
A.4.4 Antenna calibration . 84
A.4.5 Antenna user information . 84
Annex B (XXX) (Void) . 85
Annex C (normative) Large-loop antenna system for magnetic field induced-current
measurements in the frequency range of 9 kHz to 30 MHz . 86
C.1 General . 86
C.2 Construction of an LLAS . 86
C.3 Construction of a large-loop antenna (LLA) . 86
C.4 Validation of an LLA . 91
C.5 Construction of the LLAS verification dipole antenna . 92
C.6 Conversion factors . 93
Annex D (normative) Construction details for open area test sites in the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz (see Clause 6) . 96
D.1 General . 96
D.2 Ground plane construction . 96
D.2.1 Material . 96
D.2.2 Roughness . 96
D.3 Services to EUT . 97
D.4 Weather-protection enclosure construction . 97
D.4.1 Materials and fasteners . 97
D.4.2 Internal arrangements . 98
D.4.3 Size . 98
D.4.4 Uniformity with time and weather . 98
CISPR 16-1-4:2019 IEC 2019 – 5 –
D.5 Turntable and set-up table . 98
D.6 Receive antenna mast installation . 99
Annex E (xxx) (Void) . 100
Annex F (informative) Basis for ± 4 dB site acceptability criterion (see Clause 6) . 101
F.1 General . 101
F.2 Error analysis . 101
Annex G (informative) Examples of uncertainty budgets for site validation of a COMTS
using RSM with a calibrated antenna pair (see 6.6) . 103
G.1 Quantities to be considered for antenna pair reference site attenuation
calibration using the averaging technique . 103
G.2 Quantities to be considered for antenna pair reference site attenuation
calibration using a REFTS . 104
G.3 Quantities to be considered for COMTS validation using an antenna pair
reference site attenuation . 105
Bibliography . 106
Figure 1 – Schematic of radiation from EUT reaching an LPDA antenna directly and via
ground reflections at a 3 m site, showing the beamwidth half-angle, ϕ, at the reflected ray . 19
Figure 2 – RX antenna E-plane radiation pattern example, with limit area shaded for 3 m
distance and 2 m EUT width . 24
Figure 3 – Determination of maximum useable EUT width using half-power beamwidth . 24
Figure 4 – Determination of maximum useable EUT height using half-power beamwidth . 25
Figure 5 – Obstruction-free area of a test site with a turntable (see 6.2.3) . 27
Figure 6 – Obstruction-free area with stationary EUT (see 6.2.3) . 27
Figure 7 – Test point locations for 3 m and 10 m test distances . 36
Figure 8 – Paired test point locations for all test distances . 38
Figure 9 – Example of paired test point selection for a test distance of 10 m . 38
Figure 10 – Illustration of an investigation of influence of antenna mast on A . 39
APR
Figure 11 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –
vertical polarization validation measurements . 42
Figure 12 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –
horizontal polarization validation measurements . 42
Figure 13 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –
vertical polarization validation measurements for a smaller EUT . 43
Figure 14 – Typical antenna positions for a weather-protected OATS or a SAC –
horizontal polarization validation measurements for a smaller EUT . 43
Figure 15 – Measurement positions for FAR site validation . 46
Figure 16 – Example of one measurement position and antenna tilt for FAR site
validation . 48
Figure 17 – Typical quasi free-space test site reference SA measurement set-up. 50
Figure 18 – Theoretical free-space NSA as a function of frequency for different
measurement distances [see Equation (16)] . 52
Figure 19 – Position of the antenna relative to the edge above a rectangle set-up table
(top view) . 54
Figure 20 – Antenna position above the set-up table (side view) . 54
Figure 21 – Transmit antenna E-plane radiation pattern example (this example is for
informative purposes only) . 58
Figure 22 – Transmit antenna H-plane radiation pattern (this example is for informative
purposes only) . 59
– 6 – CISPR 16-1-4:2019 IEC 2019
Figure 23 – S measurement positions in a horizontal plane (see 7.5.2 for
VSWR
description) . 60
Figure 24 – S positions (height requirements) . 62
VSWR
Figure 25 – S conditional measurement position requirements . 68
VSWR
Figure 26 – Definition of the reference planes inside the test jig . 70
Figure 27 – The four configurations for the TRL calibration . 72
Figure 28 – Limits for the magnitude of S , measured according to the provisions of
8.1 to 8.3 . 73
Figure 29 – Example of a 50 Ω adaptor construction in the vertical flange of the jig . 74
Figure 30 – Example of a matching adaptor with balun or transformer . 74
Figure 31 – Example of a matching adaptor with resistive matching network . 75
Figure 32 – Example of a typical paddle stirrer . 76
Figure 33 – Range of coupling attenuation as a function of frequency for a chamber
using the stirrer shown in Figure 16 . 77
Figure A.1 – Short dipole antenna factors for R = 50 Ω . 82
L
Figure C.1 – The LLAS, consisting of three mutually perpendicular large-loop antennas . 88
Figure C.2 – An LLA containing two opposite slits, positioned symmetrically with respect
to the current probe C . 89
Figure C.3 – Construction of an LLA slit . 89
Figure C.4 – Example of an LLA slit construction using a strap of printed circuit board to
obtain a rigid construction . 90
Figure C.5 – Construction of the metal box containing the current probe . 90
Figure C.6 – Example showing the routing of several cables from an EUT to minimize
capacitive coupling from the leads to the LLAS . 91
Figure C.7 – The eight positions of the LLAS verification dipole during validation of an LLA . 92
Figure C.8 – Validation factor for an LLA of 2 m diameter . 92
Figure C.9 – Construction of the LLAS verification dipole antenna . 93
Figure C.10 – Conversion factors C [for conversion into dB(µA/m)] and C [for
dA dV
conversion into dB(µV/m)] for two standard measuring distances d . 95
Figure C.11 – Sensitivity S of a large-loop antenna with diameter D relative to a large-
D
loop antenna having a diameter of 2 m . 95
Figure D.1 – The Rayleigh criterion for roughness in the ground plane . 97
Table 1 – Site validation methods applicable for OATS, OATS-based, SAC, and FAR
site types . 29
Table 2 – Theoretical normalized site attenuation, A – recommended geometries for
N
broadband antennas. 32
Table 3 – Example template for A data sets . 35
APR
Table 4 – RSM frequency steps . 35
Table 5 – Maximum dimensions of test volume versus test distance . 44
Table 6 – Frequency ranges and step sizes for FAR site validation . 48
Table 7 – S measurement position designations . 63
VSWR
Table 8 – S reporting requirements . 68
VSWR
Table D.1 – Maximum roughness for 3 m, 10 m and 30 m measurement distances . 97
Table F.1 – Error budget . 101
CISPR 16-1-4:2019 IEC 2019 – 7 –
Table G.1 – Antenna pair reference site attenuation calibration using the large-OATS
averaging technique . 103
Table G.2 – Antenna pair reference site attenuation calibration using REFTS . 104
Table G.3 – COMTS validation using an antenna pair reference site attenuation . 105
– 8 – CISPR 16-1-4:2019 IEC 2019
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
INTERNATIONAL SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON RADIO INTERFERENCE
___________
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND
IMMUNITY MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus –
Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
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misinterpretation by any end user.
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transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
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assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
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patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2010, Amendment 1:2012
and Amendment 2:2017. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
• provisions are added to address test site validation in the frequency range from 30 MHz to
1000 MHz using the reference site method, to take into account the receive antenna
radiation pattern in the frequency range from 1 GHz to 18 GHz, and further details on test
site validation using the NSA method with broadband antennas in the frequency range from
30 MHz to 1 000 MHz.
CISPR 16-1-4:2019 IEC 2019 – 9 –
International Standard CISPR 16-1-4 has been prepared by CISPR subcommittee A: Radio-
interference measurements and statistical methods.
It has the status of a basic EMC publication in accordance with IEC Guide 107,
Electromagnetic compatibility – Guide to the drafting of electromagnetic compatibility
publications.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
CIS/A/1262/FDIS CIS/A/1275/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this International Standard can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
A list of all parts of CISPR 16 series, under the general title Specification for radio disturbance
and immunity measuring apparatus and methods, can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
– 10 – CISPR 16-1-4:2019 IEC 2019
SPECIFICATION FOR RADIO DISTURBANCE AND
IMMUNITY MEASURING APPARATUS AND METHODS –
Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus –
Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements
1 Scope
This part of CISPR 16 specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the
measurement of radiated disturbances in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz. Specifications
for antennas and test sites are included.
NOTE In accordance with IEC Guide 107, CISPR 16-1-4 is a basic EMC publication for use by product committees
of the IEC. As stated in Guide 107, product committees are responsible for determining the applicability of the EMC
standard. CISPR and its sub-committees are prepared to cooperate with product committees in the evaluation of
the value of particular EMC tests for specific products.
The requirements of this publication apply at all frequencies and for all levels of radiated
disturbances within the CISPR indicating range of the measuring equipment.
Methods of measurement are covered in Part 2-3, further information on radio disturbance is
given in Part 3, and uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling are covered in Part 4 of
CISPR 16.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their
content constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited
applies. For undated references, the latest
...
Frequently Asked Questions
EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019 is a standard published by CLC. Its full title is "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-4: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus - Antennas and test sites for radiated disturbance measurements". This standard covers: This part of CISPR 16 specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the measurement of radiated disturbances in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz. Specifications for antennas and test sites are included. NOTE In accordance with IEC Guide 107, CISPR 16-1-4 is a basic EMC publication for use by product committees of the IEC. As stated in Guide 107, product committees are responsible for determining the applicability of the EMC standard. CISPR and its sub-committees are prepared to cooperate with product committees in the evaluation of the value of particular EMC tests for specific products. The requirements of this publication apply at all frequencies and for all levels of radiated disturbances within the CISPR indicating range of the measuring equipment. Methods of measurement are covered in Part 2-3, further information on radio disturbance is given in Part 3, and uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling are covered in Part 4 of CISPR 16.
This part of CISPR 16 specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the measurement of radiated disturbances in the frequency range 9 kHz to 18 GHz. Specifications for antennas and test sites are included. NOTE In accordance with IEC Guide 107, CISPR 16-1-4 is a basic EMC publication for use by product committees of the IEC. As stated in Guide 107, product committees are responsible for determining the applicability of the EMC standard. CISPR and its sub-committees are prepared to cooperate with product committees in the evaluation of the value of particular EMC tests for specific products. The requirements of this publication apply at all frequencies and for all levels of radiated disturbances within the CISPR indicating range of the measuring equipment. Methods of measurement are covered in Part 2-3, further information on radio disturbance is given in Part 3, and uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling are covered in Part 4 of CISPR 16.
EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 33.100.10 - Emission; 33.100.20 - Immunity. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 55016-1-4:2010/A2:2017, EN 55016-1-4:2010, EN 55016-1-4:2010/A1:2012, EN IEC 55016-1-4:2025, EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019/A1:2020, EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019/A2:2023. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 2014/30/EU. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
You can purchase EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CLC standards.
Die Norm EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019 bietet eine umfassende Spezifikation für Geräte und Methoden zur Messung von radioelektrischen Störungen und Immunität. Ihr Anwendungsbereich ist klar definiert und konzentriert sich auf die Messung von abgestrahlten Störungen im Frequenzbereich von 9 kHz bis 18 GHz. Dies macht die Norm besonders relevant für Hersteller und Prüfinstitutionen, die sicherstellen möchten, dass ihre Produkte in diesem Frequenzbereich den erforderlichen Richtlinien entsprechen. Ein herausragendes Merkmal dieser Norm ist die detaillierte Spezifikation der Eigenschaften und Leistungsanforderungen für die verwendeten Messgeräte, insbesondere der Antennen und Prüfstätten für die Messungen von radierten Störungen. Diese klaren Vorgaben gewährleisten, dass die Messungen konsistent und zuverlässig durchgeführt werden können, wodurch die Genauigkeit der Ergebnisse erhöht wird. Ein weiterer Vorteil der Norm ist ihre Einbettung in den Gesamtzusammenhang der elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit (EMV). Sie stellt eine grundlegende EMV-Veröffentlichung dar, die von den Produktkomitees der IEC verwendet werden kann, was die Zusammenarbeit und den Austausch von Informationen zwischen den verschiedenen Normungsorganisationen fördert. Dies ist besonders wichtig, da die Produktkomitees für die Festlegung der Anwendbarkeit der EMV-Norm verantwortlich sind, und die Norm bietet eine wertvolle Grundlage für die Evaluierung spezifischer EMV-Tests für verschiedene Produkte. Zusätzlich behandelt die Norm nicht nur die Anforderungen für die Messung, sondern verweist auch auf weitere Teile von CISPR 16, die Methoden der Messung sowie Informationen zu Unsicherheiten, Statistiken und Grenzwertmodellen beinhalten. Durch diese Integration wird eine umfassende Sicht auf die Thematik der radierten Störungen und deren Messung geboten. Insgesamt stellt die EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019 eine wichtige Ressource dar, die sowohl die Qualität als auch die Zuverlässigkeit von EMV-Messungen in der relevanten Industrie stärkt. Die Norm ist somit nicht nur für die aktuelle Technik von Bedeutung, sondern auch für zukünftige Entwicklungen im Bereich der elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit, wodurch ihre Relevanz in der Branche unterstrichen wird.
EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019 표준은 주로 9 kHz에서 18 GHz의 주파수 범위 내에서 방사 간섭 측정을 위한 장비의 특성과 성능을 규명하는 데 중점을 두고 있습니다. 이 표준은 방사 간섭 측정에 필요한 안테나와 시험 장소에 대한 사양도 포함하고 있어, 관련 산업에서 매우 중요한 가이드라인을 제공합니다. 이 표준의 강점 중 하나는 주파수 및 방사 간섭 수준에 관계없이 모든 주파수에서 요구 사항을 적용할 수 있다는 점입니다. 이는 다양한 제품과 환경에서 일관되게 적용될 수 있음을 의미하며, EMC(전자기 호환성) 기준에 대한 일관된 접근을 보장합니다. 또한, IEC Guide 107에 따라 제품 위원회가 EMC 표준의 적용 가능성을 결정하는 데에 유용한 기본 EMC 출판물로 설계되었습니다. 이는 표준이 실제 제품 개발 과정에서 실질적으로 활용될 수 있음을 시사합니다. CISPR 16-1-4의 내용은 향후 제품 기준을 설정하는 데 필요한 방사 간섭 시험의 평가에 있어서 제품 위원회와의 협력을 장려합니다. 이러한 협력은 특정 제품에 대한 EMC 테스트의 가치를 평가하는 데 중요한 역할을 하여, 품질과 안전성을 더욱 높일 수 있는 기회를 제공합니다. 또한, 측정 방법에 대한 정보는 Part 2-3에서 다루어지며, 방사 간섭에 대한 추가 정보는 Part 3에서 제공되고, 불확실성, 통계 및 제한 모델링은 Part 4에서 다룰 기획되어 있습니다. 이처럼 여러 부분에서 관련된 정보를 체계적으로 제공함으로써, 사용자는 보다 효과적으로 방사 간섭 측정을 수행할 수 있는 기틀을 마련하게 됩니다. 결론적으로, EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019 표준은 방사 간섭 및 면역 측정 장비와 관련된 실질적이고 포괄적인 어드바이스를 제공하여, 전자기 호환성 분야의 전문가와 기업들에게 필수적인 문서로 자리잡고 있습니다.
Le document SIST EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019 présente des spécifications essentielles pour les appareils de mesure des perturbations radioélectriques et de leur immunité. Son champ d'application englobe les caractéristiques et les performances des équipements utilisés pour mesurer les perturbations rayonnées dans la plage de fréquence de 9 kHz à 18 GHz. Ce standard est crucial pour les comités de produits de la CEI, car il offre des bases solides pour évaluer la conformité aux normes électromagnétiques (EMC). L'un des points forts de cette norme est qu'elle traite des spécifications relatives aux antennes et aux sites de test, garantissant ainsi que les mesures des perturbations rayonnées soient précises et fiables. Cela permet d'assurer que les dispositifs évalués peuvent opérer efficacement dans un environnement où les perturbations radio peuvent affecter leur fonctionnement. De plus, la norme insiste sur le fait que ses exigences s'appliquent à toutes les fréquences et à tous les niveaux de perturbations rayonnées, offrant ainsi une flexibilité d'application. Ceci est essentiel pour les entreprises qui développent des produits susceptibles de générer ou d'être affectés par des perturbations électromagnétiques. Les méthodes de mesure détaillées dans cette norme sont couvertes dans la Partie 2-3, tandis que des informations complémentaires sur les perturbations radio sont disponibles dans la Partie 3. La Partie 4 aborde les incertitudes, la statistique et la modélisation des limites, fournissant ainsi une approche complète pour l'évaluation des performances électromagnétiques. Dans l'ensemble, la norme SIST EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019 est un document de référence incontournable pour quiconque s'implique dans la conception et l'amélioration de la compatibilité électromagnétique, avec une pertinence indéniable dans le paysage technologique actuel.
The EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019 standard provides a comprehensive framework for the specification of radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus, with a particular focus on antennas and test sites used for radiated disturbance measurements. This document is essential for ensuring proper electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) within the frequency range of 9 kHz to 18 GHz, addressing a critical aspect of modern electronic equipment design and testing. One of the main strengths of this standard lies in its detailed specifications for both the characteristics and performance of measurement equipment. By establishing a clear set of parameters, the standard facilitates uniformity and consistency across various testing environments, promoting reliability in compliance testing for radiated disturbances. This is particularly relevant for industries that are subject to strict regulatory frameworks, where accurate measurement of electromagnetic emissions is paramount. Furthermore, the standard reinforces cooperation among product committees under the guidelines set forth in IEC Guide 107. This collaborative approach ensures that the EMC requirements outlined are suitable for a wide array of products, enhancing the relevance of the standard across different sectors. The flexibility offered by CISPR’s willingness to engage with product committees is advantageous, as it allows for tailored evaluation of EMC tests specific to products while adhering to the overarching principles of the standard. The inclusion of comprehensive methods of measurement, along with additional insights into radio disturbance and limit modeling, underscores the thoroughness of EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019. This ensures that practitioners have access to a robust foundation of knowledge, facilitating the accurate assessment of electromagnetic emissions and making it an invaluable resource for engineers and compliance professionals working in high-frequency applications. In terms of its applicability, the standard’s requirements span all frequencies and levels within the CISPR indicating range, positioning it as a key reference for those involved in the design, testing, and certification of electronic devices. By addressing the specific needs of radiated disturbance measurements, EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019 plays a crucial role in the advancement of EMC standards, ensuring devices meet both safety and performance benchmarks in a technologically evolving landscape.
EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019は、周波数範囲9 kHzから18 GHzにおける放射妨害の測定に関する規格であり、特にアンテナと試験サイトの特性と性能を詳細に定めています。この規格は、国際電気標準会議（IEC）の製品委員会にとって基本的なEMC（電磁両立性）文書となっており、CISPR 16の一部として発表されています。 この標準の強みは、放射妨害の測定に必要な機器の特性が詳細に示されている点にあります。測定器具の特性は、要求される性能を満たすため、周波数や放射妨害のレベルにかかわらず、すべての状況に適用されます。この仕様に従うことで、製品の電磁的な適合性を正確に評価することが可能になります。 さらに、CISPR 16-1-4は、放射妨害の測定に関連する通信および相互運用性の基盤を提供します。IECガイド107に則って、製品委員会はこの規格を基にEMC標準の適用可能性を判断する責任を持っており、CISPRおよびその下部委員会は、特定の製品のためのEMCテストの価値を評価するために製品委員会と協力する姿勢を示しています。 また、EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019では、測定方法の詳細が記載されている部分（Part 2-3）や、放射妨害に関する更なる情報（Part 3）、不確実性、統計、および限界モデリングに関する部分（Part 4）が統合されており、総合的な理解を促進します。このような包括的なアプローチにより、放射妨害測定における信頼性と整合性が高まります。 以上のように、EN IEC 55016-1-4:2019は、放射妨害と耐障害性測定器具および方法に関する信頼性の高い基準を提供し、製品の電磁適合性を確保するための重要なツールとなっています。この標準は、EMCの分野において大きな意義を持ち、関連業界に対しても広範な影響を与えるものです。
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