prEN IEC 60623:2025
(Main)Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Vented nickel-cadmium prismatic rechargeable cells and batteries for use in industrial applications.
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Vented nickel-cadmium prismatic rechargeable cells and batteries for use in industrial applications.
Akkumulatoren und Batterien mit alkalischen oder anderen nicht-säurehaltigen Elektrolyten - Geschlossene prismatische wiederaufladbare Nickel-Cadmium-Einzelzellen
Accumulateurs alcalins et autres accumulateurs à électrolyte non acide - Batteries et éléments parallélépipédiques rechargeables ouverts au nickel-cadmium pour application industrielle
Sekundarni členi in baterije z alkalnimi ali drugimi nekislinskimi elektroliti - Zračeni nikelj-kadmij prizmatični ponovno polnljivi členi in baterije za industrijsko uporabo
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2025
Sekundarni členi in baterije z alkalnimi ali drugimi nekislinskimi elektroliti - Zračeni
nikelj-kadmij prizmatični ponovno polnljivi členi in baterije za industrijsko uporabo
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Vented
nickel-cadmium prismatic rechargeable cells and batteries for use in industrial
applications.
Akkumulatoren und Batterien mit alkalischen oder anderen nicht-säurehaltigen
Elektrolyten - Geschlossene prismatische wiederaufladbare Nickel-Cadmium-
Einzelzellen
Accumulateurs alcalins et autres accumulateurs à électrolyte non acide - Batteries et
éléments parallélépipédiques rechargeables ouverts au nickel-cadmium pour application
industrielle
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 60623:2025
ICS:
29.220.99 Drugi členi in baterije Other cells and batteries
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
21A/935/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 60623 ED6
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2025-07-25 2025-10-17
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
21A/903/CD, 21A/908A/CC
IEC SC 21A : SECONDARY CELLS AND BATTERIES CONTAINING ALKALINE OR OTHER NON-ACID ELECTROLYTES
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
France Mr Jean-Marie Bodet
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: HORIZONTAL FUNCTION(S):
TC 21
ASPECTS CONCERNED:
SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING
Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel voting
The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft for
Vote (CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
CENELEC online voting system.
This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they
are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant “In Some Countries”
clauses to be included should this proposal proceed. Recipients are reminded that the CDV stage is the final stage for
submitting ISC clauses. (SEE AC/22/2007 OR NEW GUIDANCE DOC).
TITLE:
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Vented nickel-
cadmium prismatic rechargeable cells and batteries for use in industrial applications.
PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2026
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IEC 60623 ED6 © DRAFT © IEC:2025 21A/935/CDV
IEC 2025
CONTENTS
CONTENTS . 1
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
3.1 Terms and definitions. 7
3.2 Abbreviated terms . 10
4 Parameter measurement tolerances . 10
5 Designation and marking . 11
5.1 Cell designation (mandatory) . 11
5.2 Cell designation (optional) . 11
5.3 Cell termination . 11
5.4 Battery designation . 12
5.4.1 Battery structure formulation . 12
5.4.2 Definitions of components of a battery system . 12
5.4.3 Classes of usage of battery system . 15
5.5 Marking . 16
5.6 Safety recommendations . 16
6 Dimensions . 16
7 Electrical tests for cells . 18
7.1 General . 18
7.2 Charging procedure for test purposes . 18
7.2.1 General . 18
7.2.2 Charge procedure based on constant current . 18
7.2.3 Charge procedure based on constant voltage at a given current . 18
7.2.4 Rapid charge current . 19
7.3 Discharge performances . 19
7.3.1 General . 19
7.3.2 Discharge performance at 20 °C . 19
7.3.3 Discharge performance at +5 °C . 20
7.3.4 Discharge performance at −18 °C . 20
7.3.5 Discharge performance at low temperature . 21
7.3.6 Discharge performance at high temperature . 22
7.3.7 High-rate current test . 22
7.3.8 Measurement of the internal DC resistance . 23
7.3.9 Pulse power calculation . 25
7.3.10 Constant power measurement test . 26
7.4 Charge retention . 26
7.4.1 Test method . 26
7.4.2 Acceptance criterion . 27
7.5 Endurance for cells . 27
7.5.1 Test conditions . 27
7.5.2 Endurance in cycles . 27
7.5.3 Final test after completion of endurance in cycles test . 28
7.5.4 Determination of durability parameters . 29
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7.5.5 Permanent charge endurance (optional) . 29
7.6 Charge acceptance at constant voltage. 30
7.6.1 Test method . 30
7.6.2 Acceptance criterion . 31
7.7 Vent plug operation . 31
7.8 Electrolyte retention test . 31
7.8.1 General . 31
7.8.2 Test method . 31
7.8.3 Acceptance criteria . 31
7.9 Storage . 31
7.9.1 Test method . 31
7.9.2 Acceptance criteria . 32
7.10 Overcharge . 32
8 Mechanical tests . 32
9 Physical appearance . 32
10 Requirements at battery level . 32
10.1 General requirements . 32
10.2 Environmental conditions . 32
10.3 Operating voltage range of the battery system . 32
10.4 Optional additional components to battery system. 33
10.4.1 General . 33
10.4.2 Battery information system . 33
10.4.3 Battery heater . 34
10.4.4 Thermostat or cut-off switch . 34
10.4.5 Mounting racks . 34
10.4.6 Deported components . 34
11 Performance requirement for the battery system . 34
11.1 Design energy and power calculation methodology . 34
11.1.1 General . 34
11.1.2 Requirements for battery capacity sizing . 35
11.1.3 Expected lifetime in years for the battery system . 36
11.1.4 Deep discharge of batteries . 37
11.1.5 Documentation . 37
11.2 End of life performance . 37
12 Conditions for approval and acceptance . 38
12.1 Type approval . 38
12.2 Batch acceptance . 39
Annex A (normative) CCCV charge methodology . 40
Annex B (normative) Ni-Cd load profile verification documentation . 42
B.1 General . 42
B.2 General methodology . 42
B.3 Battery sizing documentation . 43
B.4 Operational verification (load profile test) . 43
B.5 Test report . 44
Annex C (informative) Battery Structure Information . 45
C.1 General . 45
Annex D (informative) Declaration of cell model range representative of the testing . 46
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D.1 Electrical performance declaration . 46
Bibliography . 47
Figure 1 – Definition of cell(s), monobloc battery, crate, tray, and box, example of
mobile application . 13
Figure 2 – Definition of cell(s), crate/block/module, Battery, Cabinet, example of
stationary application for Telecom. 14
Figure 3 – Definition of cell(s), crate/block/module, Battery, rack, example of stationary
application . 15
Figure 4 – Example of a vented prismatic cell in steel container with two terminals and
four lugs . 17
Figure 5 – Pulse discharge graph: voltage behaviour under a current pulse . 24
Figure 6 – Example of a Ni-Cd cell discharge curve at various constant discharge
currents based on percentage of capacity . 33
Figure A.1 – Overview of charging characteristic of Ni-Cd . 41
Table 1 – Example of dimensions for vented nickel-cadmium prismatic cells in steel
containers . 17
Table 2 – Example of dimensions for vented nickel-cadmium prismatic cells in plastic
containers . 17
Table 3 – Measurement tolerances in millimetres (valid for widths and lengths) . 18
Table 4 – Maximum values for rapid charge current R . 19
Table 5 – Discharge performance at 20 °C . 20
Table 6 – Discharge performance at +5 °C . 20
Table 7 – Discharge performance at −18 °C . 21
Table 8 – Discharge performance at low temperature . 21
Table 9 – Discharge performance at high temperature . 22
Table 10 – High currents values . 23
Table 11 – Discharge current and pulse current applied during the measurement of the
internal DC resistance . 24
Table 12 – Endurance in cycles . 27
Table 13 – Constant voltage charging conditions . 30
Table 14 – Charge time . 30
Table 15 – Parameters and responsibility for battery capacity sizing . 36
Table 16 – Sequence of tests for type approval . 38
Table 17 – Recommended test sequence for batch acceptance . 39
Table A.1 – Ni-Cd batteries charging characteristics . 40
IEC 60623 ED6 © DRAFT © IEC:2025 21A/935/CDV
IEC 2025
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
electrolytes - Vented nickel-cadmium prismatic rechargeable cells and
batteries for use in industrial applications.
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for
standardization comprising all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees).
The object of IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning
standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other
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2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as
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3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted
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the technical content of IEC Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the
way in which they are used or for any misinterpretation by any end user.
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced
publications is indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve
the use of (a) patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability
of any claimed patent rights in respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document,
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IEC [had/had not] received notice of (a) patent(s), which may be required to implement this
document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent the latest
information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch.
IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 60623 has been prepared by subcommittee 21A: Secondary cells and batteries containing
alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes, of IEC technical committee 21: Secondary cells and
batteries. It is an International Standard.
This sixth edition cancels and replaces the fifth edition published in 2017. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) to be stated when finalized.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
XX/XX/FDIS XX/XX/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English [change
language if necessary].
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at http://www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC
are described in greater detail at http://www.iec.ch/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under http://webstore.iec.ch in the data related to
the specific document. At this date, the document will be
– reconfirmed,
– withdrawn, or
– revised.
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INTRODUCTION
The following items were listed in the bibliography but not cited in the text. Please find a suitable
place to cite them to justify their inclusion in the bibliography:
IEC 60051 (all parts), Direct acting indicating analogue electrical measuring instruments and
their accessoriesIEC 60051 (all parts) [1]
IEC 60485, Digital electronic d.c. voltmeters and d.c. electronic analogue-to-digital
convertorsIEC 60485:1974 [2]
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1 Scope
IEC 60623 specifies marking, designation, dimensions, tests and requirements for vented
nickel-cadmium prismatic secondary single cells and battery systems made of them.
NOTE In this context, "prismatic" refers to cells having rectangular sides and base.
When there exists an IEC standard specifying test conditions and requirements for cells used
in special applications and which is in conflict with this document, the former takes precedence.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-482:2004, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Part 482: Primary and
secondary cells and batteries
IEC 60050-482:2004/AMD1:2016, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Part 482:
Primary and secondary cells and batteries
IEC 60050-482:2004/AMD2:2020, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) - Part 482:
Primary and secondary cells and batteries
IEC 61434, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes -
Guide to designation of current in alkaline secondary cell and battery standards
IEC 62485-2:2010, Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations - Part
2: Stationary batteries
IEC 60417:2025, Graphical symbols for use on equipment - 12-month subscription to regularly
updated online database comprising all graphical symbols published in IEC 60417 (available
from: http://www.graphical-symbols.info/equipment)
3 Terms and definitions
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-482:2004 and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
– IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
– ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
vented cell
secondary cell having a cover provided with an opening through which products of electrolysis
and evaporation are allowed to escape freely from the cell to the atmosphere
Note 1 to entry: The opening may be fitted with a venting system.
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Note 2 to entry: vented cell is the smallest unit manufactured in series, and the primary vehicle for electrical
characterization.
3.1.2
monobloc battery
battery with multiple separate but electrically connected cell compartments each of which is
designed to house an assembly of electrodes, electrolyte, terminals or interconnections and
possible separators
Note 1 to entry: The cells in a monobloc battery can be connected in series or in parallel.
Note 2 to entry: See 5.4.2.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-02-17, modified - Note 2 to entry has been added.]
3.1.3
crate
container with frame walls for holding several cells or batteries
Note 1 to entry: See 5.4.2.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004/AMD1:2016, 482-05-10, modified - Note 1 to entry has been
added.]
3.1.4
tray
container with a base and walls for holding several cells or batteries
Note 1 to entry: See 5.4.2.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004/AMD1:2016, 482-02-35, modified - battery removed from the
title and Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.1.5
ageing factor
quantitative factor expressing the degradation in the ability of the battery, due to usage, to
deliver electrical energy under specified operating conditions such as, but not limited to,
operating ambient temperature, cycling considering depth of discharge (DOD), and
maintenance practices (applied as per manufacturer's instructions)
3.1.6
battery module
group of cells connected together either in a series and/or parallel configuration without
protective devices)
Note 1 to entry: NiCd module is not including any hardware (e.g. fuse or electronic board).
Note 2 to entry: protective devices (e.g. temperature sensor) are part of the battery system.
3.1.7
battery system
battery
system that also includes battery tray(s), battery crate(s), monobloc(s), battery module(s),
electronic components and/or equipment and associated electromechanical connections. Any
component necessary to obtain the safety and durability of the battery system is included (e.g.
battery thermal management system, BTMS)
Note 1 to entry: See 5.4.2 and 10.1.
Note 2 to entry: The battery system manufacturer can be the end user or the equipment manufacturer, in case they
install e.g. heating/cooling systems, ventilation common to the global equipment but needed for the battery.
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Note 3 to entry: The battery system performances are derived from cell electrical characterization.
3.1.8
battery information system
electronic system collecting and analyzing battery data to provide additional information, i.e.
information not necessary for battery operation
Note 1 to entry: Additional information can be information about e.g. condition-based maintenance.
3.1.9
end user
organization which operates the battery system
Note 1 to entry: The end user is normally an organization which operates the device equipped with the battery
system, unless the responsibility is delegated to a main contractor or consultant.
3.1.10
system integrator
organization which has the technical responsibility of the complete battery system and charging
system
Note 1 to entry: The system integrator can be the end user or the equipment manufacturer, or none of them.
3.1.11
manufacturer
organization which has the technical responsibility for its scope of supply
Note 1 to entry: The manufacturer can be the equipment manufacturer or the system integrator of a battery system,
a cell manufacturer, etc. If necessary to explicitly distinguish, "equipment manufacturer", "battery system
manufacturer" or "cell manufacturer" is expressed.
3.1.12
cumulated requested service
CRS
total amount of service requested by the buyer or the end user, expressed in duration (months
or years) or delivered energy in kWh, under e.g representative ambient and operating conditions
as expressed
Note 1 to entry: Refer to Clause 10 and Clause 11.
3.1.13
nominal voltage
suitable approximate value of the voltage used to designate or identify a cell or a battery
Note 1 to entry: The nominal voltage of a vented nickel-cadmium rechargeable single cell is 1,2 V.
Note 2 to entry: The nominal voltage of a battery of n series connected cells is equal to n times the nominal voltage
of a single cell.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-03-31, modified - Replacement of the words "a battery or
an electrochemical system" by "or a battery" and addition of Notes 1 and 2 to entry.]
3.1.14
discharge voltage
voltage between the terminals of a cell or battery when being discharged
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-03-28]
3.1.15
rated capacity
capacity value of a cell or battery determined under specified conditions and declared by the
manufacturer
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Note 1 to entry: The rated capacity is the quantity of electricity C5 Ah (ampere-hours) declared by the manufacturer
which a single cell can deliver during a 5 h period when charging, storing and discharging under the conditions
specified in 7.3.2.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-03-15, modified - Addition of the words "a cell or" in the
definition, and of Note 1 to entry.]
3.1.16
State of charge
SOC
remaining capacity to be discharged, normally expressed as a percentage of the cell rated
capacity as per 7.3.2.2
3.1.17
State of charge at end of life
SOC at end of life
remaining capacity to be discharged, normally expressed as a 60% of the cell rated capacity
(3h discharge with 7.3.2.2 conditions)
3.1.18
CCCV charge
method of charge consisting in a charge at constant current followed by a charge at constant
voltage
3.2 Abbreviated terms
BOL Beginning of Life
BTMS Battery Thermal Management System
CCCV Constant Current Constant Voltage
CRS Cumulated Requested Service
DOD Depth Of Discharge
EOL End of Life
LRU Line Replaceable Unit
NiCd Nickel Cadmium
Pc Constant power for cycling evolution
RTE Round-Trip Efficiency
SOC State Of Charge
4 Parameter measurement tolerances
The overall accuracy of controlled or measured values, relative to the specified or actual values,
shall be within these tolerances:
a) ±1 % for voltage;
b) ±1 % for current;
c) ±2 °C for temperature;
d) ±0,1 % for time;
e) ±1 % for capacity.
These tolerances comprise the combined accuracy of the measuring instruments, the
measurement techniques used, and all other sources of error in the test procedure.
The details of the instrumentation used shall be provided in any report of results.
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5 Designation and marking
5.1 Cell designation (mandatory)
Vented nickel-cadmium prismatic secondary single cells shall be designated by the letter "K"
followed by a letter L, M, H or X which signifies:
– low rate of discharge (L);
– medium rate of discharge (M);
– high rate of discharge (H);
– very high rate of discharge (X).
NOTE 1 These types of cells are typically but not exclusively used for the following discharge rates:
a) L up to 0,5 It A;
b) M up to 3,5 It A;
c) H up to 7,0 It A;
d) X up to and above 7,0 It A.
NOTE 2 These currents are expressed as multiples of It A, where 𝐼𝐼 A =𝐶𝐶 Ah/1 h (see IEC 61434 [3]).
t 5
NOTE 3 In case the cells have internal separations but a common electrolyte, they are still considered as a single
cell.
This group of two letters shall be followed by a group of figures indicative of the rated capacity
of the cell in ampere-hours. Cells that have been tested at 20 °C and 5 °C but not at −18 °C
shall carry an additional marking of T5: for example: KH 185 or KH 185 T5.
As an option, cells in cases of plastic material shall be designated by the letter "P" after the
figures (for example: KH 185 P), or in case of steel cells with a letter "S".
5.2 Cell designation (optional)
The additional marking shall be added to the mandatory marking. When the marking would
exceed the available space on the cell, this information may be omitted on the cell but shall be
provided in the documentation corresponding to the cell and in the type test report, or in a
shared IT system accessible to the end-user based on information on the cell label (e.g. data
matrix).
If there is no mention concerning the marking for temperature, the cells shall have been tested
at: −18 °C, 5 °C and 20 °C. Cells tested at other temperatures shall carry an additional marking
of T followed by tested temperatures. In case the cell is characterized with both low and high
temperature, they shall be indicated in increasing order with a solidus separating them: for
example: KH 185 P T-35/+45.
Cells tested with CCCV charges shall carry the marking of CCCV: for example, KH 185 P CCCV.
Cells tested at rapid charge shall carry the marking R and the value of the tested rapid charge
current, expressed in multiple of It A: for example, KH 185 P R1.
High grade cycling cells shall carry an additional marking C followed by the number of cycles:
for example, KH 185 P C1500.
Cells having been tested with multiple types of tests shall carry the marking for the various tests
performed: for example, KH 185 P T-35/+45 CCCV R1 C1500.
5.3 Cell termination
This document does not specify cell termination.
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5.4 Battery designation
5.4.1 Battery structure formulation
In case of batteries where there are cells in series with crates or modules with different number
of same capacity cells, the detailed information is not necessary in the designation, it is a
constructive information already provided in the drawing.
Cells Designation as per 5.1 or 5.2 followed by the battery structure formulation:
a) it describes the number of cells in the minimum constitutive(s) entity(ies) and on the right
side of the number, it describes their connection mode in series (S) or in parallel (P).
See Annex C.
b) in the event that the minimum constitutive entities are connected in series or in parallel, it
describes the number of minimum constitutive entities, and on the right side of the number,
it describes their connection mode in series (S) or in parallel (P).
See Annex C including some examples.
The battery designation should include the breakdown structure of the battery. The descriptive
path followed to formulate the battery is from the smallest entity to the largest one:
EXAMPLE 1 "KM130(80S)" would designate a prismatic vented nickel-cadmium battery. Its rated capacity is 130
Ah with 80 cells. It is designed for a medium discharge rate.
EXAMPLE 2 "KH100((2P)84S)" would designate a prismatic vented nickel-cadmium battery system. Its rated
capacity is 100 Ah. It is designed for a high discharge rate.
5.4.2 Definitions of components of a battery system
In order to clarify the definitions, this chapter presents practical examples
See Figure 1 (images are examples) for the case of mobile applications.
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Figure 1 – Definition of cell(s), monobloc battery, crate, tray, and box, example of
mobile application
Some batteries may not include all the above components, e.g. single cells may be installed in
a tray without crates. Some battery technologies may include further components (e.g. module)
if necessary.
For the case of stationary applications, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 - schematics as examples,
also illustrating structure in reference to Annex C.
IEC 60623 ED6 © DRAFT © IEC:2025 21A/935/CDV
IEC 2025
Figure 2 – Definition of cell(s), crate/block/module, Battery, Cabinet, example of
stationary application for Telecom
In this example, the air conditioning system is common to cool the electronics and the cells in
the crates. The battery system is including the part of the air conditioning equipment or
enclosure that is needed for the battery cells. Allocation shall be made by the equipment
manufacturer in the case of battery needing air conditioning, based on calculations of cooling
power for each part. The same principle is applied for the cabinet.
IEC 60623 ED6 © DRAFT © IEC:2025 21A/935/CDV
IEC 2025
Battery ((8S)5S)2P in a rack
Figure 3 – Definition of cell(s), crate/block/module, Battery, rack, example of stationary
application
This Figure 3 describes sub-components of a battery system, as per example the enclosure is
not included in this example, when it does have an impact on natural ventilation and therefore
safety, See 10.1. The battery system manufacturer will include this sub-component together
with other components that could impact e.g. safety for air circulation, or durability.
5.4.3 Classes of usage of battery system
Industrial Ni-Cd batteries are used in a large variety of applications and their main services
shall be identified and categorized in classes in order to only compare the properties of batteries
providing similar services.
The following classes are defined in this document:
– Applications with frequent repetitive charge and discharge cycles in mobile equipment
(REP-MOB)
– Applications with frequent repetitive charge and discharge cycles in stationary equipment
(REP-STAT)
– Applications with sporadic on-demand energy delivery in mobile equipment (OND-MOB)
– Applications with sporadic on-demand energy delivery in stationary equipment (OND-STAT)
Each of these service classes requires an application-oriented adaptation of their design when
their application is either mobile or stationary, due to very different mechanical architectures.
This result in significant differences in their bill of material.
In case the battery system can do both REP and OND, the main mode of battery operation shall
be chosen.
Mobile equipment is defined in this document as being equipment which can move or be moved
while in operation for example forklift trucks, golf carts and similar lightweight vehicles,
automated guided vehicles, railway vehicles, marine vessels.
Stationary equipment is defined in this document as being all fixed equipment or equipment
that cannot be easily moved.
IEC 60623 ED6 © DRAFT © IEC:2025 21A/935/CDV
IEC 2025
For REP batteries, the notion of energy round-trip efficiency is meaningful, while not in the case
of OND batteries.
5.5 Marking
Each cell or monobloc shall carry durable markings giving the following minimum information:
– type of cell (designation as specified in 5.1 and 5.2; in addition, it is permissible for a
manufacturer to use his own type designation);
– name or identification of manufacturer or supplier;
– positive terminal: either a red washer or an indented or raised symbol (see graphical symbol
IEC 60417:2025 DB.
5.6 Safety recommendations
The cell manufacturer shall provide recommendations for the safe handling of the cell. See also
IEC TR 61438 [4].
Ni-Cd batteries generate gases during normal operation (e.g. during float or boost charging).
Sufficient ventilation is necessary in the battery system enclosure to avoid excessive
accumulation of gases. The air inlet and outlet openings shall be arranged in such a way that
sufficient air flow will be possible. Natural ventilation is possible, or forced air circulation, as
per battery system manufacturer design.
The
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