EN IEC 61215-1-1:2021
(Main)Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval - Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules
Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval - Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules
This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime. In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in IEC TS 63126. Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations are recommended to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described in IEC 63163 (under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics tested in IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize IEC 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing. This document is intended to apply to all crystalline silicon terrestrial flat plate modules. This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design concentration. The object of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506. Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1:2021. In contrast, the tests procedures described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules. This document defines PV technology dependent modifications to the testing procedures and requirements per IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.
Terrestrische Photovoltaik(PV)-Module - Bauarteignung und Bauartzulassung - Teil 1-1: Besondere Anforderungen an die Prüfung von kristallinen Silizium-Photovoltaik(PV)-Modulen
Modules photovoltaïques (PV) pour applications terrestres - Qualification de la conception et homologation - Partie 1-1: Exigences particulières d'essai des modules photovoltaïques (PV) au silicium cristallin
IEC 61215-1-1:2021 est disponible sous forme de IEC 61215-1-1:2021 RLV qui contient la Norme internationale et sa version Redline, illustrant les modifications du contenu technique depuis l'édition précédente.
Prizemni fotonapetostni (PV) moduli - Ocena zasnove in odobritev tipa - 1-1. del: Posebne zahteve za preskušanje fotonapetostnih (PV) modulov iz kristalnega silicija
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 01-Apr-2021
- Technical Committee
- CLC/TC 82 - Solar photovoltaic energy systems
- Drafting Committee
- IEC/TC 82 - IEC_TC_82
- Current Stage
- 6060 - Document made available - Publishing
- Start Date
- 02-Apr-2021
- Completion Date
- 02-Apr-2021
Relations
- Effective Date
- 13-Apr-2021
Overview
EN IEC 61215-1-1:2021 (published by CLC) specifies the special requirements for testing of crystalline silicon terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules as part of the IEC 61215 design qualification and type approval series. It applies to flat‑plate crystalline‑silicon modules intended for long‑term outdoor operation. The standard defines technology‑specific modifications to the general IEC 61215 test sequence to assess electrical characteristics and resistance to outdoor stresses using accelerated tests. It excludes modules for concentrated sunlight (except low‑concentrator modules 1–3 suns, which are tested at design irradiance/current/voltage).
Key topics and technical requirements
- Design qualification and type approval for crystalline silicon PV modules, focusing on reproducible test methods to show suitability for prolonged outdoor exposure.
- Test scope and flow: visual inspection, maximum power determination, insulation, temperature coefficient measurement, UV preconditioning, thermal cycling, humidity‑freeze, damp heat, hot‑spot endurance, wet leakage, mechanical loads (static and cyclic), hail, bypass diode and bypass‑related tests, stabilization procedures and final measurements.
- New/updated tests (Edition 2 highlights): cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load (MQT 20), potential‑induced degradation (PID) detection (MQT 21), bending test for flexible modules (MQT 22), and stress‑specific stabilization (BO LID) procedures in MQT 19.
- Accelerated testing philosophy: test conditions are empirical and designed to reproduce field failures; acceleration factors vary by design and may not reveal all degradation modes. Test outcomes are not quantitative lifetime predictions.
- Climate guidance: for locations where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users should consider higher temperature testing per IEC TS 63126.
- Component vs. module testing: some long‑term degradation mechanisms require component tests; mature component tests are incorporated into the IEC 61215 series.
Practical applications
- Use this standard to qualify crystalline silicon PV modules for reliability and durability claims in product development, certification, procurement and third‑party testing.
- Useful for test laboratories performing type approval, for manufacturers validating module designs, and for developers, EPCs and asset owners seeking assurance about module robustness under accelerated outdoor stresses.
- Helps procurement teams define technical acceptance criteria for PV modules and supports regulatory compliance in CENELEC/IEC markets.
Who should use this standard
- PV module manufacturers and R&D engineers
- Independent test and certification laboratories
- Quality managers and production engineers (aligned with IEC 62941 for manufacturing quality systems)
- Project developers, system integrators and procurement specialists
Related standards
- IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021 (general test procedures)
- IEC 62506 (accelerated test methods guidance)
- IEC TS 63126 (high‑temperature testing guidance)
- IEC 62941 (PV manufacturing quality systems)
- IEC 63163 (PV in consumer electronics - under development)
Keywords: EN IEC 61215-1-1:2021, crystalline silicon PV, PV module testing, design qualification, type approval, accelerated testing, PV reliability, IEC 61215.
Frequently Asked Questions
EN IEC 61215-1-1:2021 is a standard published by CLC. Its full title is "Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval - Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules". This standard covers: This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime. In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in IEC TS 63126. Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations are recommended to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described in IEC 63163 (under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics tested in IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize IEC 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing. This document is intended to apply to all crystalline silicon terrestrial flat plate modules. This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design concentration. The object of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506. Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1:2021. In contrast, the tests procedures described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules. This document defines PV technology dependent modifications to the testing procedures and requirements per IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.
This document lays down requirements for the design qualification of terrestrial photovoltaic modules suitable for long-term operation in open-air climates. The useful service life of modules so qualified will depend on their design, their environment and the conditions under which they are operated. Test results are not construed as a quantitative prediction of module lifetime. In climates where 98th percentile operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are recommended to consider testing to higher temperature test conditions as described in IEC TS 63126. Users desiring qualification of PV products with lesser lifetime expectations are recommended to consider testing designed for PV in consumer electronics, as described in IEC 63163 (under development). Users wishing to gain confidence that the characteristics tested in IEC 61215 appear consistently in a manufactured product may wish to utilize IEC 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing. This document is intended to apply to all crystalline silicon terrestrial flat plate modules. This document does not apply to modules used with concentrated sunlight although it may be utilized for low concentrator modules (1 to 3 suns). For low concentration modules, all tests are performed using the irradiance, current, voltage and power levels expected at the design concentration. The object of this test sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module and to show, as far as possible within reasonable constraints of cost and time, that the module is capable of withstanding prolonged exposure outdoors. Accelerated test conditions are empirically based on those necessary to reproduce selected observed field failures and are applied equally across module types. Acceleration factors may vary with product design and thus not all degradation mechanisms may manifest. Further general information on accelerated test methods including definitions of terms may be found in IEC 62506. Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only reasonably be detected via component testing, due to long times required to produce the failure and necessity of stress conditions that are expensive to produce over large areas. Component tests that have reached a sufficient level of maturity to set pass/fail criteria with high confidence are incorporated into the IEC 61215 series via addition to Table 1 in IEC 61215-1:2021. In contrast, the tests procedures described in this series, in IEC 61215-2, are performed on modules. This document defines PV technology dependent modifications to the testing procedures and requirements per IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.
EN IEC 61215-1-1:2021 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 27.160 - Solar energy engineering. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
EN IEC 61215-1-1:2021 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 61215-1-1:2016. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
You can purchase EN IEC 61215-1-1:2021 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CLC standards.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2021
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 61215-1-1:2016
Prizemni fotonapetostni (PV) moduli - Ocena zasnove in odobritev tipa - 1-1. del:
Posebne zahteve za preskušanje fotonapetostnih (PV) modulov iz kristalnega
silicija
Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and type approval - Part 1-1:
Special requirements for testing of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules
Modules photovoltaïques (PV) pour applications terrestres - Qualification de la
conception et homologation - Partie 1-1: Exigences particulières d'essai des modules
photovoltaïques (PV) au silicium cristallin
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 61215-1-1:2021
ICS:
27.160 Sončna energija Solar energy engineering
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 61215-1-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
April 2021
ICS 27.160 Supersedes EN 61215-1-1:2016 and all of its
amendments and corrigenda (if any)
English Version
Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules - Design qualification and
type approval - Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of
crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules
(IEC 61215-1-1:2021)
Modules photovoltaïques (PV) pour applications terrestres - Terrestrische Photovoltaik(PV)-Module - Bauarteignung und
Qualification de la conception et homologation - Partie 1-1: Bauartzulassung - Teil 1-1: Besondere Anforderungen an
Exigences particulières d'essai des modules die Prüfung von kristallinen Silizium-Photovoltaik(PV)-
photovoltaïques (PV) au silicium cristallin Modulen
(IEC 61215-1-1:2021) (IEC 61215-1-1:2021)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2021-03-30. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 61215-1-1:2021 E
European foreword
The text of document 82/1824/FDIS, future edition 2 of IEC 61215-1-1, prepared by IEC/TC 82 “Solar
photovoltaic energy systems” was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by
CENELEC as EN IEC 61215-1-1:2021.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2021–12–30
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2024–03–30
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 61215-1-1:2016 and all of its amendments and corrigenda (if any).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61215-1-1:2021 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
IEC 61215-1-1 ®
Edition 2.0 2021-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
Terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules – Design qualification and type approval –
Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline silicon photovoltaic (PV)
modules
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 27.160 ISBN 978-2-8322-9368-3
– 2 – IEC 61215-1-1:2021 © IEC 2021
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Test samples . 7
5 Marking and documentation . 7
6 Testing . 7
7 Pass criteria . 7
8 Major visual defects . 7
9 Report . 7
10 Modifications . 7
11 Test flow and procedures . 7
11.1 Visual inspection (MQT 01) . 7
11.2 Maximum power determination (MQT 02) . 7
11.3 Insulation test (MQT 03) . 7
11.4 Measurement of temperature coefficients (MQT 04) . 8
11.5 Placeholder section, formerly NMOT . 8
11.6 Performance at STC (MQT 06.1) . 8
11.7 Performance at low irradiance (MQT 07) . 8
11.8 Outdoor exposure test (MQT 08) . 8
11.9 Hot-spot endurance test (MQT 09) . 8
11.9.1 Purpose . 8
11.9.2 Classification of cell interconnection . 8
11.9.3 Apparatus . 8
11.9.4 Procedure . 8
11.9.5 Final measurements . 8
11.9.6 Requirements . 8
11.10 UV preconditioning test (MQT 10) . 8
11.11 Thermal cycling test (MQT 11) . 9
11.12 Humidity-freeze test (MQT 12) . 9
11.13 Damp heat test (MQT 13) . 9
11.14 Robustness of terminations(MQT 14) . 9
11.15 Wet leakage current test (MQT 15) . 9
11.16 Static mechanical load test (MQT 16) . 9
11.17 Hail test (MQT 17) . 9
11.18 Bypass diode testing (MQT 18) . 9
11.19 Stabilization (MQT 19) . 10
11.19.1 Criterion definition for stabilization . 10
11.19.2 Light induced stabilization procedures . 10
11.19.3 Other stabilization procedures . 10
11.19.4 Initial stabilization (MQT 19.1) . 10
11.19.5 Final stabilization (MQT 19.2) . 10
11.20 Cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load test (MQT 20) . 12
11.21 Potential induced degradation test (MQT 21) . 12
11.22 Bending test (MQT 22) . 12
IEC 61215-1-1:2021 © IEC 2021 – 3 –
Figure 1 – Flow chart summary of MQT 19.2 . 12
– 4 – IEC 61215-1-1:2021 © IEC 2021
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
TERRESTRIAL PHOTOVOLTAIC (PV) MODULES –
DESIGN QUALIFICATION AND TYPE APPROVAL –
Part 1-1: Special requirements for testing of crystalline
silicon photovoltaic (PV) modules
FOREWORD
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all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61215-1-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 82:
Solar photovoltaic energy systems.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 61215-1-1, issued in 2016,
and constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) A cyclic (dynamic) mechanical load test (MQT 20) added.
b) A test for detection of potential-induced degradation (MQT 21) added.
c) A bending test (MQT 22) for flexible modules added.
d) A procedure for stress specific stabilization – BO LID (MQT 1
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기사 제목: EN IEC 61215-1-1:2021 - 육상 태양광 모듈 - 설계 적합성 및 유형 승인 - 제1-1부: 결정질 실리콘 태양광 모듈에 대한 특수 요구 사항을 위한 시험 기사 내용: 이 문서는 장기적으로 개방형 기후에서의 운영에 적합한 육상 태양광 모듈의 설계 적합성에 대한 요구 사항을 제시합니다. 이에 대한 자격을 갖춘 모듈의 유용한 수명은 그들의 설계, 환경 및 운영 조건에 따라 다를 것입니다. 시험 결과는 모듈 수명의 양적인 예측으로 해석되지 않습니다. 98분위 운영 온도가 70 °C를 초과하는 기후에서는 사용자가 IEC TS 63126에 설명된 더 높은 온도 시험 조건으로의 시험을 고려하기를 권장합니다. 수명 기대치가 낮은 PV 제품의 자격을 원하는 사용자는 IEC 63163(개발 중)에 설명된 소비자 전자 제품용 PV를 위한 시험을 고려하기를 권장합니다. IEC 61215에서 시험된 특성이 제조 제품에서 일관되게 나타나는지에 대한 신뢰도를 얻고자 하는 사용자는 PV 제조에 대한 품질 시스템에 대한 IEC 62941을 활용할 수 있습니다. 이 문서는 결정질 실리콘 육상 플랫 플레이트 모듈에 적용되도록되었습니다. 그러나 집중 태양광과 함께 사용되는 모듈에는 적용되지 않으며, 저 집중 태양광 모듈(1에서 3배)에는 사용될 수 있습니다. 저 집중 모듈의 경우, 모든 시험은 설계 집중도에서 예상되는 조도, 전류, 전압 및 전력 수준을 사용하여 수행됩니다. 이 시험 절차의 목적은 모듈의 전기적 특성을 결정하고 가능한 한 합리적인 비용과 시간 제약 내에서 모듈이 장기간 야외 노출에 견딜 수 있는지를 보여주는 것입니다. 가속화된 시험 조건은 선택된 관찰된 현장 고장을 재현하기 위해 경험적으로 결정되며, 모든 모듈 유형에 대해 동일하게 적용됩니다. 가속화 인자는 제품 설계에 따라 다를 수 있으며, 모든 악화 기전이 나타나지 않을 수 있습니다. 가속화된 시험 방법에 대한 일반적인 정보와 용어의 정의 등 자세한 내용은 IEC 62506에서 찾을 수 있습니다. 일부 장기적인 악화 기전은 구성 요소 시험을 통해서만 합리적으로 탐지할 수 있으며, 실패를 생성하는 데 필요한 장시간이 소요되고 대규모 영역에 대한 비용이 비싸기 때문입니다. 충분한 신뢰도로 합격/불합격 기준을 설정하기 위해 성숙도를 충족한 구성 요소 시험이 IEC 61215 시리즈에 테이블 1에 추가됩니다. 이와는 대조적으로, 이 시리즈에서 설명하는 시험 절차는 모듈에서 수행됩니다. 이 문서는 IEC 61215-1:2021 및 IEC 61215-2:2021의 시험 절차 및 요구 사항에 대한 PV 기술 종속적인 수정 사항을 정의합니다.
記事タイトル: EN IEC 61215-1-1:2021 - 地上用太陽光発電（PV）モジュール - 設計基準と型の承認 - 第1-1部：結晶シリコン太陽光発電（PV）モジュールのテストのための特別要件 記事内容: この文書は、開放的な気候下での長期運用に適した地上用太陽光発電モジュールの設計基準に要件を定めています。これらの基準を満たすモジュールの有効なサービス寿命は、それらの設計、環境、および運用条件に依存します。テスト結果は、モジュールの寿命の数量的な予測ではありません。周囲温度が70℃を超える気候では、IEC TS 63126で説明される高温テスト条件へのテストを検討することを推奨します。寿命の期待が低いPV製品の認証を希望するユーザーは、IEC 63163（開発中）で説明される消費者向け電子製品のPVに対するテストを検討することをお勧めします。IEC 61215で試験された特性が製造品で一貫して現れることに対する信頼を得たい場合は、PV製造の品質システムに関するIEC 62941を利用することができます。この文書は、結晶シリコン地上フラットプレートモジュール全般に適用されるようにされています。ただし、集光太陽光を使用するモジュールには適用されず、低濃縮モジュール（1から3倍）には使用できます。低濃縮モジュールの場合、テストは設計濃度で予想される照度、電流、電圧、および電力レベルで実施されます。このテスト手順の目的は、モジュールの電気特性を決定し、費用と時間の制約の範囲内で、モジュールが屋外に長時間さらされることができるかを示すことです。加速試験条件は、選択された実地事例の故障を再現するために経験的に設定され、モジュールの種類に均等に適用されます。加速係数は製品設計によって異なる可能性があり、すべての劣化メカニズムが現れるわけではありません。IEC 62506では、加速試験方法に関する一般的な情報と用語の定義を含む詳細な情報が提供されています。一部の長期劣化メカニズムは、大面積で発生するのに必要な長時間および高額なストレス条件のため、コンポーネントテストによってのみ合理的に検出できます。十分に成熟したコンポーネントテストは、IEC 61215シリーズにテーブル1として組み込まれる合格/不合格基準を設定するために使用されます。これに対して、このシリーズ（IEC 61215-2）で説明されるテスト手順はモジュール上で実施されます。この文書は、IEC 61215-1: 2021およびIEC 61215-2: 2021で概説されるテスト手順と要件へのPV技術固有の修正を定義しています。
The article discusses the EN IEC 61215-1-1:2021 standard, which provides requirements for the design qualification and type approval of terrestrial photovoltaic (PV) modules made of crystalline silicon. The standard is applicable to modules that are intended for long-term operation in open-air climates. It states that the useful service life of the modules depends on their design, environment, and operating conditions but does not provide a quantitative prediction of their lifetime. In climates where operating temperatures exceed 70 °C, users are recommended to consider testing to higher temperature conditions. For PV products with lower lifetime expectations, testing designed for PV in consumer electronics is recommended. Users who want to ensure consistent module characteristics may utilize IEC 62941 regarding quality systems in PV manufacturing. This standard applies to all crystalline silicon terrestrial flat plate modules but not to modules used with concentrated sunlight, although it can be used for low concentrator modules. The objective of the testing sequence is to determine the electrical characteristics of the module and demonstrate its ability to withstand prolonged outdoor exposure. Accelerated test conditions are based on observed field failures, but not all degradation mechanisms may manifest due to variations in product design. Some long-term degradation mechanisms can only be detected through component testing, which is incorporated into the standard. The document defines PV technology-specific modifications to the testing procedures and requirements outlined in IEC 61215-1:2021 and IEC 61215-2:2021.
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