EN 62864-1:2016

Railway applications - Rolling stock - Power supply with onboard energy storage system - Part 1: Series hybrid system

IEC 62864-1:2016 applies to series hybrid systems (electrically connected) with onboard energy storage (hereinafter referred as hybrid system). This standard specifies the following basic requirements, characteristics, functions and test methods for hybrid systems: - energy management to control the power flow among primary power source, energy storage system and power converters; - energy consumption, energy efficiency and regenerated energy; - vehicle characteristics achieved by energy storage system; - test methods of combined test; and - test methods of completed vehicles based on factory (stationary) and field (running) tests.

Bahnanwendungen - Schienenfahrzeuge - Stromversorgung durch Energiespeichersysteme auf Schienenfahrzeugen - Teil 1: Serienhybridsystem

Applications ferroviaires - Matériel roulant - Alimentation équipée d'un système embarqué de stockage de l'énergie - Partie 1: Système hybride série

L'IEC 62864-1:2016 s'applique aux systèmes hybrides série (raccordés électriquement) équipés d'un système embarqué de stockage de l'énergie (ci-après dénommé le système hybride). La présente norme spécifie la liste suivante d'exigences fondamentales, de caractéristiques, de fonctions et de méthodes d'essai relatives aux systèmes hybrides: - la gestion de l'énergie afin de réguler le flux de puissance au sein de la source d'alimentation primaire, du système de stockage de l'énergie et des convertisseurs de puissance; - la consommation d'énergie, l'efficacité énergétique et l'énergie régénérée; - les caractéristiques du véhicule obtenues par le système de stockage de l'énergie; - les méthodes d'essai pour l'essai combiné; et - les méthodes d'essai des véhicules après achèvement selon des essais réalisés en usine (stationnaires) et sur le terrain (en marche).

Železniške naprave - Vozna sredstva - Napajanje s sistemom za shranjevanje energije na vozilu - 1. del: Serija hibridnega sistema

Ta del standarda IEC 62864 se uporablja za serijo hibridnih sistemov (galvansko povezanih) za shranjevanje energije na vozilu (v nadaljevanju: hibridni sistem).
Hibridni sistem ima dva (ali več) virov napajanja, vključno s sistemom za shranjevanje energije (EES) na vozilu, za doseganje naslednjih funkcij s kombinacijo pretvornika in motorjev ter izvajanjem kontrole upravljanja z energijo:
• izboljšanje energetske učinkovitosti in učinkovitosti porabe goriva, izboljšanje značilnosti pospeševanja, povečanje vozne razdalje in podaljšanje neprekinjenega obratovanja v primeru izgube primarnega vira napajanja (PPS) z uporabo sistema EES poleg primarnega vira napajanja pod pogoji, kjer sta moč in zmogljivost vira napajanja, vključno z regenerativno močjo, omejeni, ter posledično odpravljanje teh omejitev;
• zmanjšanje porabe goriva, zmanjšanje emisij (npr. CO2, NOx, trdnih delcev itd.);
• zmanjšanje okoljskih vplivov (npr. vidnih ovir, hrupa itd.).
Z razširitvijo so v tem standardu obravnavani tudi sistemi, ki imajo samo EES na vozilu brez drugih PPS.
Ta standard določa naslednje osnovne zahteve, značilnosti, funkcije in preskusne metode hibridnih sistemov:
• upravljanje z energijo za nadzor napajanja med primarnim virom napajanja, sistemom za shranjevanje energije in močnostnimi pretvorniki;
• poraba energije, energetska učinkovitost in regenerirana energija;
• značilnosti vozila zaradi sistema za shranjevanje energije;
• preskusne metode za kombinirane preskuse in
• preskusne metode za dokončana vozila na podlagi preskusov v tovarni (stacionarni) in na terenu (med obratovanjem).
OPOMBA: Pretvornik v tem standardu pomeni kombinirano opremo, ki je sestavljena iz enega ali več pretvornikov (npr. razsmernik, inverter, razsekalnik itd.).
Zajeti so vmesniki med naslednjimi viri napajanja:
• zunanje električno napajanje;
• sistemi za shranjevanje energije na vozilu (vključno s čistim shranjevanjem energije na vozilu);
• gorivne celice, dizelski električni generator in
• drugi viri napajanja.
Pri kombinaciji inverterjev in motorjev se ta standard uporablja za asinhronske ali sinhronske motorje, ki se napajajo prek inverterjev vira napetosti.
Sistemi virov napajanja ter kombinacije inverterjev in motorjev niso omejene na zgoraj navedeni seznam, temveč se lahko ta standard uporablja tudi za prihodnje sisteme.
Ta del standarda IEC 62864 zajema električno povezane sisteme (serijski hibrid) in ne sisteme, ki mehansko prenašajo pogonsko silo (vzporedni hibrid).

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 03-Nov-2016
• Withdrawal Date: 03-Nov-2019
• ICS: 45.060 - Railway rolling stock
• Technical Committee: CLC/TC 9X - Electrical and electronic applications for railways
• Drafting Committee: IEC/TC 9 - IEC_TC_9
• Current Stage: 6060 - Document made available - Publishing
• Start Date: 04-Nov-2016
• Completion Date: 04-Nov-2016
• Ref Project: SIST EN 62864-1:2017 - Railway applications - Rolling stock - Power supply with onboard energy storage system - Part 1: Series hybrid system

Overview

EN 62864-1:2016 (CLC, identical to IEC 62864-1:2016) defines requirements and test methods for series hybrid systems with onboard energy storage systems (ESS) used on railway rolling stock. The standard covers the electrical connection, energy management, performance characteristics and safety considerations for vehicles where a primary power source (engine, fuel cell or external supply) and an ESS (battery, supercapacitor) work together in a series hybrid configuration.

Key topics and technical requirements

The standard specifies basic requirements, characteristics, functions and test methods including:

• Energy management: control strategies to regulate power flow among primary source, ESS and power converters (charge/discharge control, SOC/SOE management).
• Energy performance: measurement and reporting of energy consumption, energy efficiency and regenerated energy.
• Vehicle characteristics: how ESS affects tractive effort, duration of ESS-only operation and degraded-mode behavior.
• Test methods: combined test procedures for subsystems and factory (stationary) and field (running) vehicle tests, including type, routine and optional tests.
• Functional and system requirements: mechanical, electrical and control requirements, disconnecting and degraded-mode operation.
• Safety and environmental: protection against electrical hazards, fire behaviour, mechanical impacts, temperature and altitude considerations.
• Measurement specifics: procedures for output torque, energy consumption, fuel consumption/exhaust emissions (for engine/fuel-cell powered systems), ESS endurance and short‑circuit protection.
• SOC/SOE definitions: informative annex on state of charge and state of energy for batteries and capacitors.

Practical applications

EN 62864-1:2016 is used where series hybrid propulsion or auxiliary power is implemented on rail vehicles:

• Design and verification of hybrid rolling stock (diesel-electric hybrids, fuel-cell hybrids, catenary‑assisted vehicles with ESS).
• Component and subsystem suppliers (ESS manufacturers, converter suppliers, traction system integrators) to ensure interoperability and compliance.
• Manufacturers and OEMs for factory acceptance tests and performance validation.
• Test laboratories and certification bodies for type and vehicle testing, energy consumption and regeneration verification.
• Rail operators and system engineers assessing retrofit projects, energy savings and operational impact.

Related standards

Normative references in EN 62864-1 include several IEC standards relevant to traction and test methods, for example:

• IEC 60349-2 / 60349-4 (traction machines)
• IEC 61287-1 (onboard power converters)
• IEC 61373 (shock and vibration)
• IEC 61377 (combined traction system tests)
• IEC 62498-1 (environmental conditions for onboard equipment) Consult Annex ZA of EN 62864-1:2016 for the full list of referenced standards.

Keywords: EN 62864-1:2016, series hybrid system, onboard energy storage, railway rolling stock, energy management, regenerated energy, combined test, SOC, SOE.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-april-2017
Železniške naprave - Vozna sredstva - Napajanje s sistemom za shranjevanje
energije na vozilu - 1. del: Serija hibridnega sistema
Railway applications - Rolling stock - Power supply with onboard energy storage system
- Part 1: Series hybrid system
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 62864-1:2016
ICS:
45.060.01 Železniška vozila na splošno Railway rolling stock in
general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 62864-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
November 2016
ICS 45.060
English Version
Railway applications - Rolling stock - Power supply with onboard
energy storage system - Part 1: Series hybrid system
(IEC 62864-1:2016)
Applications ferroviaires - Matériel roulant - Alimentation Bahnanwendungen - Schienenfahrzeuge -
équipée d'un système embarqué de stockage de l'énergie - Stromversorgung durch Energiespeichersysteme auf
Partie 1: Système hybride série Schienenfahrzeugen - Teil 1: Serienhybridsystem
(IEC 62864-1:2016) (IEC 62864-1:2016)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2016-07-20. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia,
Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2016 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN 62864-1:2016 E
European foreword
The text of document 9/2154/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62864-1, prepared by
IEC/TC 9 "Electrical equipment and systems for railways" was submitted to the
IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as EN 62864-1:2016.

The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2017-05-04
• latest date by which the document has to be
implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
(dow) 2019-11-04
• latest date by which the national
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62864-1:2016 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:

IEC 60076-10 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60076-10.
IEC 60077-1 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60077-1.
IEC 60216-5 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60216-5.
IEC 60254-1:2005 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60254-1:2005 (not modified).
IEC 60254-2:2008 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60254-2:2008 (not modified).
IEC 60310 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60310.
IEC 60721-3-5 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60721-3-5.
1)
IEC 62619 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62619 .
IEC 62620 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62620.
1)
IEC 62928 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62928 .

1)
At draft stage.
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications

The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

NOTE 1 When an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant
EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available here:
www.cenelec.eu
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year

IEC 60050-811 -  International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV) -
Chapter 811: Electric traction
IEC 60349-2 -  Electric traction - Rotating electrical EN 60349-2 -
machines for rail and road vehicles -
Part 2: Electronic converter-fed alternating
current motors
IEC 60349-4 -  Electric traction - Rotating electrical EN 60349-4 -
machines for rail and road vehicles -
Part 4: Permanent magnet synchronous
electrical machines connected to an
electronic converter
IEC 60529 -  Degrees of protection provided by EN 60529 -
enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 61133 2016 Railway applications - Rolling stock - - -
Testing of rolling stock on completion of
construction and before entry into service
IEC 61287-1 -  Railway applications - Power converters EN 61287-1 -
installed on board rolling stock -
Part 1: Characteristics and test methods
IEC 61373 -  Railway applications - Rolling stock EN 61373 -
equipment - Shock and vibration tests
IEC 61377 2016 Railway applications - Rolling stock - EN 61377 2016
Combined test method for traction systems
IEC 61881-3 -  Railway applications - Rolling stock EN 61881-3 -
equipment - Capacitors for power
electronics -
Part 3: Electric double-layer capacitors
IEC 61991 -  Railway applications - Rolling stock - - -
Protective provisions against electrical
hazards
IEC 62262 -  Degrees of protection provided by EN 62262 -
enclosures for electrical equipment against
external mechanical impacts (IK code)
IEC 62498-1 2010 Railway applications - Environmental - -
conditions for equipment -
Part 1: Equipment on board rolling stock

IEC 62864-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2016-06
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Railway applications – Rolling stock – Power supply with onboard energy

storage system –
Part 1: Series hybrid system
Applications ferroviaires – Matériel roulant – Alimentation équipée d'un système

embarqué de stockage de l'énergie –

Partie 1: Système hybride série

INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 45.060 ISBN 978-2-8322-3453-2

– 2 – IEC 62864-1:2016 © IEC 2016
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 6
INTRODUCTION . 8
1 Scope . 10
2 Normative references. 11
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations . 11
3.1 Terms and definitions . 11
3.2 Abbreviations . 14
4 Power source configuration of hybrid systems . 15
4.1 General . 15
4.1.1 Overview . 15
4.1.2 System configuration requirements . 15
4.1.3 Major operating modes of the series hybrid system . 16
4.1.4 Typical configuration of the series hybrid systems. 18
4.2 Application examples . 19
4.2.1 Diesel electric vehicles . 19
4.2.2 Fuel cell vehicles . 20
4.2.3 DC contact line powered vehicles: parallel connection of ESS . 21
4.2.4 DC contact line powered vehicles: series connection of ESS . 23
4.3 Performance of the series hybrid systems . 24
4.3.1 Improving efficiency . 24
4.3.2 Boosting the motoring performance . 25
4.3.3 Degraded mode operation . 27
5 Environmental conditions . 28
5.1 General . 28
5.2 Altitude . 28
5.3 Temperature . 28
6 Functional and system requirements . 29
6.1 Mechanical requirements . 29
6.1.1 Mechanical stress . 29
6.1.2 Protection against external mechanical influences . 29
6.2 Control requirement . 29
6.3 Electrical requirement . 29
6.3.1 External charge and discharge function . 29
6.3.2 Operating with energy storage system only . 30
6.4 Disconnecting requirement . 30
6.5 Degraded mode . 30
6.6 Safety requirements . 30
6.6.1 Protection against electrical hazards . 30
6.6.2 Fire behaviour and protection . 30
6.6.3 Protection against any other impacts . 30
6.6.4 Short-circuit protection . 30
6.7 Lifetime requirements . 30
6.8 Additional requirement for noise emission of hybrid system . 31
7 Kinds of tests . 31
7.1 General . 31

IEC 62864-1:2016 © IEC 2016 – 3 –
7.2 Type test . 31
7.3 Optional test . 32
7.4 Routine test . 32
7.5 Test categories . 32
7.6 Acceptance criteria. 34
8 Combined tests . 34
8.1 General . 34
8.2 Test conditions . 34
8.3 ESS control . 34
8.3.1 ESS charge/discharge control function . 34
8.3.2 External charge test . 34
8.3.3 Disconnection test . 34
8.3.4 Degraded mode test . 35
8.3.5 SOC/SOE test . 35
8.4 Output torque . 35
8.4.1 Sweeping speed under full torque test . 35
8.4.2 Output torque test with energy storage system only . 35
8.5 System sequence test . 35
8.6 Energy efficiency and consumption . 36
8.6.1 General . 36
8.6.2 Energy efficiency and consumption measurement . 37
8.6.3 Determination of fuel consumption and exhaust gas emission (in case of
engine or fuel cell) . 38
8.7 Duration of vehicle operation by ESS . 39
8.7.1 General . 39
8.7.2 Duration measurement of ESS . 39
8.8 Environmental test . 39
8.8.1 General . 39
8.8.2 Low-temperature operation test . 39
8.8.3 High-temperature operation test . 39
8.9 Short-circuit protection test . 40
8.10 ESU endurance test . 40
9 Vehicle test . 40
9.1 General . 40
9.2 ESS disconnection test . 40
9.3 Vehicle sequence test . 40
9.4 Drive system energy consumption measurement . 41
9.5 Determination of fuel consumption and exhaust gas emission (in case of
engine or fuel cell) . 42
9.5.1 Determination of fuel consumption . 42
9.5.2 Determination of the exhaust gas emission levels . 42
9.6 Auxiliary circuit energy consumption measurement . 42
9.7 Duration of vehicle operation by ESS . 42
9.8 Determination of acoustic noise emission . 42
Annex A (informative) State of charge (SOC) and state of energy (SOE) for batteries
and capacitors . 43
A.1 Content of capacity and energy . 43
A.1.1 General . 43
A.1.2 Theoretical energy . 44

– 4 – IEC 62864-1:2016 © IEC 2016
A.1.3 Rated energy . 44
A.1.4 Usable energy . 44
A.2 Content of SOC and SOE . 45
A.2.1 General . 45
A.2.2 Theoretical purpose . 45
A.2.3 Common purpose . 45
A.2.4 Effective or practical purpose . 46
A.2.5 Coefficient of usage . 46
Annex B (informative) Energy related terms and definitions . 48
B.1 General . 48
B.2 Terms and definitions for regenerative indices . 48
B.3 Energy-related performance indices of the series hybrid systems . 49
B.3.1 General . 49
B.3.2 Measuring locations . 49
B.3.3 Class of primary power source . 50
B.3.4 Energy consumption . 51
B.3.5 Regenerative efficiency . 53
Annex C (informative) Laws and regulations for fire protection applicable for this
standard . 55
C.1 General . 55
C.2 China . 55
C.3 Europe . 55
C.4 Japan . 55
C.5 Russia . 55
C.6 United states of America . 55
Annex D (informative) List of subclauses requiring agreement between the user and
the manufacturer . 56
Bibliography . 58

Figure 1 – Hierarchy of standards related to IEC 62864-1 . 9
Figure 2 – Block diagram of a series hybrid system . 16
Figure 3 – Example configuration of a series hybrid system in which all main circuit
subsystems are connected to the common DC link . 19
Figure 4 – Series hybrid system in diesel electric vehicles . 20
Figure 5 – Series hybrid system in fuel cell vehicles . 21
Figure 6 – Series hybrid system in contact line powered vehicles with parallel
connection of energy storage . 22
Figure 7 – Series hybrid system in contact line powered vehicles with series
connection of energy storage . 23
Figure 8 – Diesel electric propulsion system (without an ESS) . 24
Figure 9 – Contact line powered propulsion system (without an ESS) . 25
Figure 10 – Boosting of the motoring performance by onboard ESS . 27
Figure 11 – An example of degraded mode performance by onboard ESS . 28
Figure A.1 – Difference of capacity and energy content . 43
Figure B.1 – Example block diagram of a series hybrid system . 50

Table 1 – Major operating modes of the series hybrid system . 18

IEC 62864-1:2016 © IEC 2016 – 5 –
Table 2 – List of tests . 32
Table D.1 – List of subclauses requiring agreement between the user and the
manufacturer . 56

– 6 – IEC 62864-1:2016 © IEC 2016
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
RAILWAY APPLICATIONS – ROLLING STOCK –
POWER SUPPLY WITH ONBOARD ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM –

Part 1: Series hybrid system
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 62864-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 9:
Electrical equipment and systems for railways.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
9/2154/FDIS 9/2176/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.

IEC 62864-1:2016 © IEC 2016 – 7 –
A list of all parts in the IEC 62864 series, published under the general title Railway
applications – Rolling stock – Power supply with onboard energy storage system, can be
found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
the stability date indicated on the IEC website under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data
related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 8 – IEC 62864-1:2016 © IEC 2016
INTRODUCTION
There is an increasing need for efficient use of energy due to the decrease in fossil fuel based
energy sources as well as the need to reduce emissions (e.g. CO , NO , PM, etc.) that
2 x
contribute to global climate change. The railway system, which is essentially an energy-
efficient transportation system, should also meet these requirements. In addition to saving
energy, it is necessary to achieve a reduction in peak power, voltage stabilization and the
ability to run without collecting power in scenic reserve areas, and the running capability to
safely reach the next station in the event of electrical power failure onboard or at power
supply system. To address these issues, hybrid systems are appearing in railway vehicles.
These hybrid system vehicles are equipped with an energy storage system that allows
effective use of regenerative energy. A hybrid system should be required to improve energy
efficiency by actively controlling the power flow among the engine or power supply system,
auxiliary power supply, traction and braking system, the energy storage system, etc.
The purpose of introducing hybrid systems includes:
• reducing energy consumption;
• improving vehicle performance;
• providing the ability to run with energy stored onboard; and
• improving environmental characteristics.
The aim of this standard is to establish the basic system configuration for series hybrid
systems (electrically connected) and the tests to verify effective use of energy, as well as to
provide railway operators and manufacturers with guidelines for manufacturing and evaluating
hybrid systems.
The hierarchy of relevant standards related to hybrid systems are summarized in Figure 1.
The standards listed in Figure 1 are not exhaustive.

IEC 62864-1:2016 © IEC 2016 – 9 –

Overview of the technical framework
IEC 61133
- Level 1: vehicle/system interface
Railway applications – Rolling stock – Testing of
rolling stock on completion of construction and before
entry into service
IEC 62864-1
Railway applications – Rolling stock – Power supply
with onboard energy storage system –
Part 1: Series hybrid system
IEC 61377
Railway applications – Rolling stock – Combined test
method for traction systems
- Level 2: System and interfaces
- Level 3: Components
IEC 61287-1 IEC 60349 (all parts)
Railway applications – Power converters installed on Electric traction – Rotating electrical machines for rail
board rolling stock – and road vehicles
Part 1: Characteristics and test methods
- Level 4: Subcomponents
IEC 61881-3
IEC 62928
Railway applications – Rolling stock equipment –
Railway applications – Rolling stock equipment –
Capacitors for power electronics –
Onboard lithium-ion traction batteries
Part 3: Electric double-layer capacitors

Under consideration
IEC
Figure 1 – Hierarchy of standards related to IEC 62864-1
In this standard, the hybrid system has the following four levels of hierarchy:
a) vehicle/system interface (level 1);
b) systems and interfaces (level 2);
c) components (level 3); and
d) subcomponents (level 4).
Detailed descriptions of the levels are described in 7.1.
E.g. subcomponent (level 4) is a cell, module etc. (for a battery, a subcomponent is defined in
IEC 62620).
– 10 – IEC 62864-1:2016 © IEC 2016
RAILWAY APPLICATIONS – ROLLING STOCK –
POWER SUPPLY WITH ONBOARD ENERGY STORAGE SYSTEM –

Part 1: Series hybrid system
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62864 applies to series hybrid systems (electrically connected) with onboard
energy storage (hereinafter referred as hybrid system).
A hybrid system has two (or more) power sources including energy storage system (ESS) on
board to achieve the following features by combining converter and motors and performing
energy management control:
• improving energy and fuel efficiency, improving acceleration characteristics, increasing
running distance and uninterrupted running in the event of the loss of the primary power
source (PPS), by using an ESS in addition to the primary power source under conditions
where the power and capacity of the power source including regenerative power are
limited, thus alleviating those limitations;
• reducing fuel consumption, reducing emissions (e.g. CO , NO , PM, etc.);
2 x
• reducing environmental impact (e.g. visible obstruction, noise, etc.).
By extension, systems that have only onboard ESS, without other PPSs, is also considered in
this standard.
This standard intends to specify the following basic requirements, characteristics, functions
and test methods for hybrid systems:
• energy management to control the power flow among primary power source, energy
storage system and power converters;
• energy consumption, energy efficiency and regenerated energy;
• vehicle characteristics achieved by energy storage system;
• test methods of combined test; and
• test methods of completed vehicles based on factory (stationary) and field (running) tests.
NOTE Converter in this standard means combined equipment consisting of one or more converters (e.g. rectifier,
inverter, chopper, etc.).
The interfaces between the following power sources are covered:
• external electric power supply system;
• onboard ESSs (including pure onboard energy storage);
• fuel cell, diesel electric generator; and
• other power sources.
As for the combination of inverters and motors, this standard applies to asynchronous motors
or synchronous motors that are powered via voltage-source inverters.
Power source systems and combination of inverters and motors are not limited to the listed
above, but this standard can also be applied to future systems.

IEC 62864-1:2016 © IEC 2016 – 11 –
This part of IEC 62864 covers electrically connected systems (series hybrid), and not systems
that mechanically transmit the driving force (parallel hybrid).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60050-811, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Chapter 811: Electric
traction
IEC 60349-2，Electric traction – Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles –
Part 2: Electronic converter-fed alternating current motors
IEC 60349-4，Electric traction – Rotating electrical machines for rail and road vehicles –
Part 4: Permanent magnet synchronous electrical machines connected to an electronic
converter
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 61133:2016, Railway applications – Rolling stock – Testing of rolling stock on completion
of construction and before entry into service
IEC 61287-1, Railway applications – Power converters installed on board rolling stock – Part
1: Characteristics and test methods
IEC 61373, Railway applications – Rolling stock equipment – Shock and vibration tests
IEC 61377:2016, Railway applications – Rolling stock – Combined test method for traction
systems
IEC 61881-3, Railway applications – Rolling stock equipment – Capacitors for power
electronics – Part 3: Electric double-layer capacitors
IEC 61991, Railway applications – Rolling stock – Protective provisions against electrical
hazards
IEC 62262, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures for electrical equipment against
external mechanical impacts (IK code)
IEC 62498-1:2010, Railway applications – Environmental conditions for equipment – Part 1:
Equipment on board rolling stock
3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in IEC 60050-811, as well
as the following, apply.
3.1 Terms and definitions
3.1.1
hybrid
system that combines two (or more) different types of components for a specific purpose

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Note 1 to entry: An approach for using multiple motive power sources and one for using multiple electric power
sources exist for rolling stock applications.
3.1.2
parallel hybrid
system for transmitting power from multiple motive power sources to the wheels
Note 1 to entry: The driving force from the engine and that from the motor are transferred to the wheels via the
transmission system.
3.1.3
hybrid
series hybrid
system which drives a motor supplied via the power converter for combined operation of
electric power from multiple power sources
Note 1 to entry: The wheels are driven by the driving force from the motor only.
3.1.4
hybrid vehicle
vehicle that can store energy in an onboard ESS and is driven by using the stored energy as
well as electric power from a generator or overhead lines
3.1.5
subsystem
constituent of a series hybrid system
EXAMPLE Primary power source, energy storage system, traction equipment.
3.1.6
component
constituent of a subsystem in a series hybrid system
EXAMPLE Converter, motor, diesel electric generator, ESU.
3.1.7
subcomponent
constituent of a component in a series hybrid system
EXAMPLE Lithium ion battery, electric double-layer capacitor.
3.1.8
energy consumption
total energy consumption of the entire vehicle for a specified operation (duration, distance,
speed, etc.)
3.1.9
specific energy consumption
energy consumption for a specific distance and weight
Note 1 to entry: The value is obtained by dividing the energy consumption by the distance and the vehicle weight
or number of vehicles. This value can be expressed, e.g. in kWh/(t·km), kWh/(car·km), kWh/(person·km) or
kWh/(seat·km), etc.
Note 2 to entry: If an onboard power source, e.g. diesel generator set or fuel cell, is used, the unit may be l/(t·km),
l/(car·km), l/(person·km) or l/(seat·km), etc. depending on the type of fuel.
3.1.10
power source
equipment that supplies power to a traction unit and/or APS and/or ESSs via a converter

IEC 62864-1:2016 © IEC 2016 – 13 –
Note 1 to entry: Converters (such as chopper for fuel cell (FC.CH)) for power generation and converters (such as
ESS chopper (ESS.CH)) for energy storage units/systems are considered as power sources, but traction converters
and converters for APS are not considered as power sources.
3.1.11
primary power source
PPS
subsystem in a series hybrid system the primary purpose of which is to supply electric energy
to other subsystems in the series hybrid system by either consuming the fuel stored onboard
or taking in energy from external sources
3.1.12
traction equipment
subsystem in a series hybrid system the primary purpose of which is to consume electrical
energy and to output tractive effort so that the railway vehicle is propelled
3.1.13
state of charge
SOC
remaining capacity to be discharged, normally expressed as a percentage of full capacity as
expressed in relevant standards
Note 1 to entry: Practical definitions of SOC are dependent upon chosen technologies. SOC is applicable to
batteries. See Annex A.
3.1.14
state of energy
SOE
remaining energy to be discharged, normally expressed as a percentage of full energy as
expressed in relevant standards
Note 1 to entry: Practical definitions of SOE are dependent upon chosen technologies. SOE is applicable to both
batteries and capacitors. See Annex A.
3.1.15
end of life
EOL
point at which the ESU cannot fulfil the required functionality or operational pattern as initially
agreed among the user and the manufacturers
3.1.16
beginning of life
BOL
point at which the ESU has the rated capacity or energy fully available as minimum
performance at manufacturer’s delivery
3.1.17 Definition of capacity
3.1.17.1
capacity
electrical charge that can be delivered from ESU
Note 1 to entry: In case of the battery the electrical charge is often expressed in ampere-hours (A·h).
Note 2 to entry: In case of the capacitor the electrical charge is often expressed in coulombs (C).
Note 3 to entry: Capacitance is measured in farads (F),which is charge (C) divided by voltage (U), and is different
from capacity.
3.1.17.2
theoretical capacity
maximum capacity available without loss

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3.1.17.3
rated capacity
available capacity measured according to certain “rating” condition as expressed in relevant
standard
Note 1 to entry: Refer to IEC 62928.
3.1.17.4
usable capacity
capacity available to be discharged depending upon applications
3.1.18 Definition of energy
3.1.18.1
theoretical energy
maximum energy available without loss stored in the ESU
3.1.18.2
rated energy
energy available measured according to certain “rating” condition as expressed in the relevant
standard
Note 1 to entry: Practical definitions of rated energy storage capacity are dependent upon chosen technologies.
3.1.18.3
usable energy
energy available to be discharged depending upon applications
3.1.19
operational pattern
definition by the user and/or the manufacturers in order to fulfil the needs of operations
including auxiliaries, e.g. duty cycle, auxiliary loads, safety margin of energy content,
degraded mode, etc.
3.1.20
energy storage unit
ESU
physical equipment which is comprised of energy storage technologies such as batteries,
EDLC, flywheel, etc.
Note 1 to entry: Refer to the relevant standards for components.
3.1.21
battery
ESU which is used primarily for traction purpose in this standard
Note 1 to entry: This document does not cover auxiliary batteries. Refer to IEC 62973.
3.1.22
energy storage system
ESS
physical system which consists of one or more ESUs and the other equipment required to
connect to the DC link such as converters, control and monitoring systems, inductors,
protection devices, cooling systems, etc.
3.2 Abbreviations
APS Auxiliary power supply
AUX Auxiliaries
BOL Beginning of life
IEC 62864-1:2016 © IEC 2016 – 15 –
EDLC Electric double-layer capacitor
EOL End of life
ESU Energy storage unit
ESS Energy storage system
PPS Primary power source
SOC State of charge
SOE State of energy
4 Power source configuration of hybrid systems
4.1 General
4.1.1 Overview
There can be a variety of system configurations for the series hybrid systems to which this
part of IEC 62864 is applicable. In Clause 4, it is intended to give an overview of the possible
configurations by presenting a number of examples. These examples, however, are not meant
to im
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