EN IEC 63281-2-1:2024

E-Transporters - Part 2-1: Safety requirements and test methods for personal e-Transporters

IEC 63281-2-1:2024 specifies safety requirements and test methods for personal e-Transporters. This document is applicable to electrically powered personal e-Transporters (PeTs) which are used in private and public areas, where the speed control and/or the steering control is electric/electronic. The PeT can have provisions for transport of cargo and can be for private or commercial (including sharing service) use. This document is not applicable for electric vehicles (EVs), such as electrically power assisted cycles (EPACs), e-bikes, mopeds, motorcycles and passenger cars. This document does not apply to: - PeTs that are considered as toys; - PeTs that are intended for competition; - PeTs that are intended for medical care; - PeTs that have a rated voltage of more than 100 V DC or 240 V AC; - PeTs without an on-board driving operator.

Elektrokleinstfahrzeuge - Teil 2-1: Sicherheitsanforderungen und Prüfverfahren für Personen-Elektrokleinstfahrzeuge

E-Transporteurs - Partie 2-1: Exigences de sécurité et méthodes d’essai relatives aux e-Transporteurs de personnes

L'IEC 63281-2-1:2024 spécifie les exigences de sécurité et les méthodes d’essai relatives aux e-Transporteurs de personnes. Le présent document s’applique aux e-Transporteurs de personnes (PeT) alimentés en énergie électrique qui sont utilisés dans les espaces privés et publics, et dont la commande de vitesse et/ou de direction est électrique/électronique. Le PeT peut comporter des dispositions pour le transport de marchandises et peut être destiné à un usage privé ou commercial (y compris un service de partage). Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux véhicules électriques (VE), tels que les cycles à assistance électrique (EPAC), les vélos électriques, les cyclomoteurs, les motocyclettes et les voitures particulières. Le présent document ne s’applique pas: - aux PeT considérés comme des jouets; - aux PeT destinés à la compétition; - aux PeT destinés à des fins médicales; - aux PeT ayant une tension assignée supérieure à 100 V en courant continu ou à 240 V en courant alternatif; - aux PeT sans opérateur de conduite à bord.

E-prevozniki - 2-1. del: Varnostne zahteve in preskusne metode za osebne e-prevoznike (IEC 63281-2-1:2024)

Standard IEC 63281-2-1:2024 določa varnostne zahteve in preskusne metode za osebne e-prevoznike.
Ta dokument se uporablja za osebne e-prevoznike (PeT) na električni pogon z električnim/elektronskim nadzorom hitrosti in/ali nadzorom krmarjenja za uporabo v zasebnih in javnih območjih.
Osebni e-prevoznik lahko omogoča prevoz tovora in je lahko namenjen za zasebno ali komercialno rabo (vključno s souporabo).
Ta dokument se ne uporablja za električna vozila (EV), kot so kolesa z električnim pomožnim pogonom (EPAC), električna kolesa, mopedi, motorji in osebna vozila.
Ta dokument se ne uporablja za:
– osebne e-prevoznike, obravnavane kot igrače;
– osebne e-prevoznike, namenjene za tekmovanja;
– osebne e-prevoznike, namenjene za zdravstveno oskrbo;
– osebne e-prevoznike z nazivno napetostjo več kot 100 V DC ali 240 V AC;
– osebne e-prevoznike brez vgrajenega sistema za pomoč pri vožnji.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 21-Mar-2024
• ICS: 43.120 - Electric road vehicles
• Technical Committee: CLC/SR 125 - Personal e-Transporters (PeTs)
• Drafting Committee: IEC/TC 125 - Personal e-Transporters (PeTs)
• Current Stage: 6060 - Document made available - Publishing
• Start Date: 22-Mar-2024
• Due Date: 28-Jul-2023
• Completion Date: 22-Mar-2024
• Ref Project: SIST EN IEC 63281-2-1:2024 - E-Transporters - Part 2-1: Safety requirements and test methods for personal e-Transporters (IEC 63281-2-1:2024)

Overview

EN IEC 63281-2-1:2024 (adoption of IEC 63281-2-1:2024) defines safety requirements and test methods for personal e-Transporters (PeTs). It applies to electrically powered PeTs used in private and public areas where speed and/or steering control is electric/electronic. The standard covers PeTs for private and commercial use (including sharing services) but explicitly excludes EV categories such as EPACs, e-bikes, mopeds, motorcycles, passenger cars and PeTs classed as toys, competition vehicles, medical devices, units with rated voltages >100 V DC / 240 V AC, or devices without an on‑board driving operator. EN IEC 63281-2-1:2024 was approved by CENELEC in March 2024.

Key Topics

The standard addresses technical and safety topics needed for product design, verification and certification:

• Scope & risk assessment - identification and mitigation of hazards specific to PeTs.
• Test conditions - defined test road, test driver, environment and PeT setup for repeatable testing.
• General safety requirements - materials, enclosures, sharp edges, protrusions, accessible clearances and warnings.
• Functional components - requirements for footrests/decks, electrical on/off controls, folding systems, charging locks, battery systems and chargers.
• Performance requirements - maximum design speed, braking performance and ability to hold position.
• Electrical & functional safety - vibration resistance, electrical protection and safety-related control functions.
• Mechanical strength - static/dynamic strength, handlebar and structure integrity, drop and impact tests.
• Environmental tests - ingress protection, partial immersion, salt spray, temperature cycling and operation at low/high temperatures.
• Anti‑tampering, marking and instructions - nameplate data, safety symbols and user guidance.
• Supporting annexes list significant hazards and standardised symbols.

Applications

EN IEC 63281-2-1:2024 is intended for:

• Manufacturers and product designers developing compliant personal e-Transporters.
• Test laboratories and certification bodies performing type testing and conformity assessment.
• Fleet operators and sharing services implementing procurement and safety checks.
• Regulators and standards committees defining national requirements and harmonised rules.
  Using this standard helps reduce risk, improve user safety, and demonstrate conformity for market access in CENELEC/IEC markets.

Related Standards

EN IEC 63281-2-1 references and aligns with other standards including (but not limited to):

• IEC 63281-1:2023 (general e-Transporter principles)
• ISO 12100 (risk assessment and reduction)
• IEC 60335-2-114 (requirements for Personal-e-Transporters)
• Environmental and electrical test standards such as IEC 60068 series, IEC 62133, and lighting/marking standards (ISO/EN references listed in Annex ZA).

Keywords: EN IEC 63281-2-1:2024, e-Transporters, personal e-Transporters, PeT safety requirements, test methods, CENELEC, IEC 63281-2-1.

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-junij-2024
E-prevozniki - 2-1. del: Varnostne zahteve in preskusne metode za osebne e-
prevoznike (IEC 63281-2-1:2024)
E-Transporters - Part 2-1: Safety requirements and test methods for personal e-
Transporters (IEC 63281-2-1:2024)
Elektrokleinstfahrzeuge - Teil 2-1 - Sicherheitsanforderungen und Prüfverfahren für
Personen-Elektrokleinstfahrzeuge (IEC 63281-2-1:2024)
E-Transporteurs - Partie 2-1: Exigences de sécurité et méthodes d’essai relatives aux e-
Transporteurs de personnes (IEC 63281-2-1:2024)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 63281-2-1:2024
ICS:
43.120 Električna cestna vozila Electric road vehicles
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 63281-2-1

NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM March 2024
ICS 43.120
English Version
E-Transporters - Part 2-1: Safety requirements and test methods
for personal e-Transporters
(IEC 63281-2-1:2024)
E-Transporteurs - Partie 2-1: Exigences de sécurité et Elektrokleinstfahrzeuge - Teil 2-1 -
méthodes d'essai relatives aux e-Transporteurs de Sicherheitsanforderungen und Prüfverfahren für Personen-
personnes Elektrokleinstfahrzeuge
(IEC 63281-2-1:2024) (IEC 63281-2-1:2024)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2024-03-14. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Türkiye and the United Kingdom.

European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 63281-2-1:2024 E

European foreword
The text of document 125/91/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 63281-2-1, prepared by IEC/TC 125
"e-Transporters" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2024-12-14
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2027-03-14
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 63281-2-1:2024 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standard indicated:
IEC 60034-1 NOTE Approved as EN 60034-1
IEC 60068-2-64 NOTE Approved as EN 60068-2-64
IEC 60812:2018 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 60812:2018 (not modified)
IEC 61000-6-1 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 61000-6-1
IEC 61000-6-3 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 61000-6-3
IEC 61025:2006 NOTE Approved as EN 61025:2007 (not modified)
IEC 61508-1:2010 NOTE Approved as EN 61508-1:2010 (not modified)
IEC 62133-1 NOTE Approved as EN 62133-1
IEC 62133-2 NOTE Approved as EN 62133-2
IEC 62368-1:2018 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 62368-1:2020 (not modified) + A11:2020
IEC 63281-1:2023 NOTE Approved as EN IEC 63281-1:2023 (not modified)
ISO 18243 NOTE Approved as EN ISO 18243
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1  Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod),
the relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2  Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cencenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60068-2-1 - Environmental testing - Part 2-1: Tests - EN 60068-2-1 -
Test A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2 - Environmental testing - Part 2-2: Tests - EN 60068-2-2 -
Test B: Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-11 - Environmental testing - Part 2-11: Tests - EN IEC 60068-2-11 -
Test Ka: Salt mist
IEC 60068-2-14 2023 Environmental testing - Part 2-14: Tests - EN IEC 60068-2-14 2023
Test N: Change of temperature
IEC 60068-2-75 - Environmental testing - Part 2-75: Tests - EN 60068-2-75 -
Test Eh: Hammer tests
IEC 60335-2-29 - Household and similar electrical appliances - EN 60335-2-29 -
Safety - Part 2-29: Particular requirements
for battery chargers
IEC 60335-2-114 2022 Household and similar electrical appliances - - -
Safety - Part 2-114: Particular requirements
for Personal-e-Transporters
IEC 60529 - Degrees of protection provided by - -
enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60695-11-10 - Fire hazard testing - Part 11-10: Test flames EN 60695-11-10 -
- 50 W horizontal and vertical flame test
methods
ISO 2248 - Packaging - Complete, filled transport EN 22248 -
packages - Vertical impact test by dropping
ISO 6742-1 - Cycles - Lighting and retro-reflective devices - -
- Part 1: Lighting and light signalling devices
ISO 6742-2 - Cycles - Lighting and retro-reflective devices - -
- Part 2: Retro-reflective devices
ISO 12100 2010 Safety of machinery - General principles for EN ISO 12100 2010
design - Risk assessment and risk reduction
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
ISO 13849-1 - Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of EN ISO 13849-1 -
control systems - Part 1: General principles
for design
ISO 14878 2015 Cycles - Audible warning devices - - -
Technical specification and test methods
- - Light motorized vehicles for the EN 17128 2020
transportation of persons and goods and
related facilities and not subject to type-
approval for on-road use - Personal light
electric vehicles (PLEV) - Requirements and
test methods
IEC 63281-2-1 ®
Edition 1.0 2024-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
e-Transporters –
Part 2-1: Safety requirements and test methods for personal e-Transporters

e-Transporteurs –
Partie 2-1: Exigences de sécurité et méthodes d’essai relatives aux

e-Transporteurs de personnes
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 43.120  ISBN 978-2-8322-8192-5

– 2 – IEC 63281-2-1:2024 © IEC 2024
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 Risk assessment . 11
5 Test conditions . 12
5.1 General . 12
5.2 Test road . 12
5.3 Test driver . 12
5.4 Test environment . 12
5.5 PeT under test . 13
6 General safety requirements . 13
6.1 Materials . 13
6.1.1 Non-metallic materials . 13
6.1.2 Metal materials . 13
6.2 Enclosure . 13
6.3 Shape and appearance of PeT . 13
6.3.1 Sharp corners and edges . 13
6.3.2 Protrusions . 13
6.3.3 Accessible clearances for movable segments . 14
6.4 Warning indicators and signals . 14
6.4.1 General . 14
6.4.2 Warning indicators and signals for users . 14
6.4.3 Warning indicators and signals for third parties . 14
6.5 Charging lock . 15
6.6 Functional components . 15
6.6.1 Footrest or deck . 15
6.6.2 Electrical power on/off control . 15
6.6.3 Folding system . 16
6.6.4 Battery system requirements . 16
6.6.5 Charger . 16
6.6.6 Ability to hold position . 16
6.7 Main safety-related performance requirements. 17
6.7.1 Maximum design speed . 17
6.7.2 Brake performance . 19
7 Electrical safety . 20
7.1 General . 20
7.2 Resistance to vibration for electric functions . 20
8 Functional safety . 20
9 Mechanical safety . 21
9.1 Static strength . 21
9.1.1 Structure strength . 21
9.1.2 Handlebar and steering column strength . 21
9.2 Dynamic strength (drop) . 21
9.3 Impact. 22

IEC 63281-2-1:2024 © IEC 2024 – 3 –
10 Environmental tests . 22
10.1 Enclosure protection class . 22
10.2 Partial water immersion . 22
10.3 Salt spray resistance . 23
10.4 Change of temperature . 23
10.5 Low and high temperature operation . 24
10.5.1 General . 24
10.5.2 Low temperature operation test . 24
10.5.3 High temperature and high humidity operation test . 24
11 Anti-tempering measure. 24
12 Marking and instruction . 25
12.1 General . 25
12.2 Product nameplate . 25
12.2.1 Nameplate information . 25
12.2.2 Durability . 25
12.3 Safety and warning signs . 26
12.4 Instructions . 26
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards for the PeT . 27
Annex B (normative) Light, warning device, and on-off symbols . 29
Bibliography . 30

Figure 1 – Placement method for the inclined surface test . 17
Figure 2 – Road test example . 18
Figure 3 – Temperature change of the thermal chamber . 23
Figure B.1 – Power On/Off symbol (IEC 60417-5009:2015-03) . 29
Figure B.2 – Light symbol (ISO 7000-0083:2004-01) . 29
Figure B.3 – Electric horn symbol (ISO 7000-0244:2004-01) . 29

Table 1 – Safety functions related to defined hazards . 20
Table A.1 – Hazard list for the PeT . 28

– 4 – IEC 63281-2-1:2024 © IEC 2024
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
E-TRANSPORTERS –
Part 2-1: Safety requirements and test methods for
personal e-Transporters
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) IEC draws attention to the possibility that the implementation of this document may involve the use of (a)
patent(s). IEC takes no position concerning the evidence, validity or applicability of any claimed patent rights in
respect thereof. As of the date of publication of this document, IEC had not received notice of (a) patent(s), which
may be required to implement this document. However, implementers are cautioned that this may not represent
the latest information, which may be obtained from the patent database available at https://patents.iec.ch. IEC
shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 63281-2-1 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 125: e-Transporters. It is an
International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
125/91/FDIS 125/93/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.

IEC 63281-2-1:2024 © IEC 2024 – 5 –
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 63281 series, published under the general title e-Transporters, can
be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn, or
• revised.
– 6 – IEC 63281-2-1:2024 © IEC 2024
INTRODUCTION
This document has been developed to cope with the rapidly evolving personal e-Transporters.
Personal e-Transporters have become common in public spaces and roads, some of which can
reach speeds of 25 km/h or even higher, and the applications and global market size are
expected to grow significantly. In order to protect the safety of persons and public facilities,
besides basic safety requirements, comprehensive safety requirements and test methods such
as riding safety for people and for e-Transporters are also considered. At the time of writing,
this document provides general safety requirements and corresponding test methods for
personal e-Transporters, which are convenient for manufacturers and test departments to use.
Standardization of electrically powered transport devices covered by the following TCs are
excluded from this document:
• IEC TC 69,
• ISO TC 149,
• ISO TC 22.
IEC 63281-2-1:2024 © IEC 2024 – 7 –
E-TRANSPORTERS –
Part 2-1: Safety requirements and test methods for
personal e-Transporters
1 Scope
This document specifies safety requirements and test methods for personal e-Transporters.
This document is applicable to electrically powered personal e-Transporters (PeTs) which are
used in private and public areas, where the speed control and/or the steering control is
electric/electronic.
The PeT can have provisions for transport of cargo and can be for private or commercial
(including sharing service) use.
This document is not applicable for electric vehicles (EVs), such as electrically power assisted
cycles (EPACs), e-bikes, mopeds, motorcycles and passenger cars.
This document does not apply to:
• PeTs that are considered as toys;
• PeTs that are intended for competition;
• PeTs that are intended for medical care;
• PeTs that have a rated voltage of more than 100 V DC or 240 V AC;
• PeTs without an on-board driving operator.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60068-2-1, Environmental testing – Part 2-1: Tests – Test A: Cold
IEC 60068-2-2, Environmental testing – Part 2-2: Tests – Test B: Dry heat
IEC 60068-2-11, Environmental testing – Part 2-11: Tests – Test Ka: Salt mist
IEC 60068-2-14:2023, Environmental testing – Part 2-14: Tests – Test N: Change of
temperature
IEC 60068-2-75, Environmental testing – Part 2-75: Tests – Test Eh: Hammer tests
IEC 60335-2-29, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-29: Particular
requirements for battery chargers
IEC 60335-2-114:2022, Household and similar electrical appliances – Safety – Part 2-114:
Particular requirements for personal e-Transporters

– 8 – IEC 63281-2-1:2024 © IEC 2024
IEC 60529, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code)
IEC 60695-11-10, Fire hazard testing – Part 11-10: Test flames – 50 W horizontal and vertical
flame test methods
ISO 2248, Packaging – Complete, filled transport packages – Vertical impact test by dropping
ISO 6742-1, Cycles – Lighting and retro-reflective devices – Part 1: Lighting and light signalling
devices
ISO 6742-2, Cycles – Lighting and retro-reflective devices – Part 2: Retro-reflective devices
ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery – General principles for design – Risk assessment and
risk reduction
ISO 13849-1, Safety of machinery – Safety-related parts of control systems – Part 1: General
principles for design
ISO 14878:2015, Cycles – Audible warning devices – Technical specification and test methods
EN 17128:2020, Light motorized vehicles for the transportation of persons and goods and
related facilities and not subject to type-approval for on-road use – Personal light electric
vehicles (PLEV) – Requirements and test methods
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
audible warning device
AWD
device designed for the purpose to warn people by an audible signal
Note 1 to entry: Including all types of technologies (i.e. bells, horns, electronic audible warning device).
[SOURCE: ISO 14878:2015, 3.3]
3.2
battery pack
energy storage device that includes cells or cell assemblies normally connected with cell
electronics, power supply circuits and overcurrent shut-off device, including electrical
interconnections, interfaces for external systems
Note 1 to entry: See A.2 of ISO 12405-4:2018 for further explanations.
Note 2 to entry: Examples of external systems are cooling, voltage class B, auxiliary voltage class A and
communication.
[SOURCE: ISO 12405-4:2018, 3.2]

IEC 63281-2-1:2024 © IEC 2024 – 9 –
3.3
battery system
energy storage device that includes cells or cell assemblies or battery pack(s) as well as
electrical circuits and electronics
Note 1 to entry: See A.3.2 and A.3.3 of ISO 12405-4:2018 for further explanations. Battery system components can
also be distributed in different devices within the vehicle.
Note 2 to entry: Examples of electronics are the BCU and contactors.
[SOURCE: ISO 12405-4:2018, 3.3]
3.4
brake
part of the braking system where the forces opposing the movement of the e-Transporter are
developed
[SOURCE: IEC 63281-1:2023, 3.16]
3.5
braking system
combination of parts consisting of the control, transmission, and brake, whose function it is to
progressively reduce the speed of a moving e-Transporter, bringing it to a halt
Note 1 to entry: The braking system can have the function to keep the e-transporter stationary when halted.
Note 2 to entry: The electric motor can be a part of the system.
[SOURCE: IEC 63281-1:2023, 3.17]
3.6
charging of a battery
operation during which a secondary cell or battery is supplied with electric energy from an
external circuit which results in chemical changes within the cell and thus the storage of energy
as chemical energy
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-05-27]
3.7
deck
platform supporting the mass of the user standing during use
[SOURCE: EN 17128:2020, 3.40]
3.8
enclosure
housing affording the type and degree of protection suitable for the intended application
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-195:2021, 195-02-35]
3.9
electrically power assisted cycle
EPAC
cycle, equipped with pedals and an auxiliary electric motor, which cannot be propelled
exclusively by means of this auxiliary electric motor, except in the walk assistance mode
[SOURCE: ISO/TS 4210-10:2020, 3.2]

– 10 – IEC 63281-2-1:2024 © IEC 2024
3.10
e-Transporter
electrically powered transport device for use on public roads or in public spaces which provides
solutions for transporting either passengers or goods, or both
Note 1 to entry: The device can be manually controlled, have automated functions, or be autonomous.
[SOURCE: IEC 63281-1:2023, 3.2]
3.11
folding system
electrical or mechanical system enabling the e-Transporter to be folded in order to change from
the configuration of use (unfolded) to the configuration of storage (folded)
[SOURCE: IEC 63281-1:2023, 3.8]
3.12
footrest
surface provided to support the feet during a seating intended use
[SOURCE: EN 17128:2020, 3.41]
3.13
intended use
use of a PeT in accordance with the information for use provided in the instructions
[SOURCE: ISO 12100:2010, 3.23, modified – For the purposes of a PeT, original "machine" has
been deleted and "PeT" has been added.]
3.14
leakage
escape of liquid or gas except for venting
[SOURCE: ISO 6469-1:2019, 3.15]
3.15
locking device
mechanical component that maintains part(s) of the vehicle erected in the position of use or
storage (e.g., latch(es), hooks, over centre lock.) which could be deactivated or activated by
action(s) on the operating device
[SOURCE: EN 17128:2020, 3.13]
3.16
locking mechanism
assembly of components consisting of one or more locking device(s) and one or more operating
device(s)
[SOURCE: EN 17128:2020, 3.12]
3.17
operating device
part of the locking mechanism(s) designed to be activated by the user through one or several
intentional action(s)
[SOURCE: EN 17128:2020, 3.14, modified – "positive" has been deleted and "intentional" has
been added.]
IEC 63281-2-1:2024 © IEC 2024 – 11 –
3.18
passenger car
vehicle designed and constructed primarily for the carriage of persons and their luggage, their
goods, or both, having not more than a seating capacity of eight, in addition to the driver, and
without space for standing passengers
[SOURCE: ISO 26262-1:2018, 3.107]
3.19
personal e-Transporter
PeT
e-Transporter that is primarily designed for transporting person(s)
Note 1 to entry: Household appliances are excluded.
[SOURCE: IEC 63281-1:2023, 3.3, modified – Note 1 to entry has been added.]
3.20
public space
place that is accessible to the public whether it is in the public domain or privately owned
Note 1 to entry: Examples are roads, cycle tracks, sidewalks, public squares, parks, stations, airports, hotels,
hospitals, restaurants, etc.
[SOURCE: IEC 63281-1:2023, 3.1]
3.21
self-balancing personal e-Transporter
inherently unstable personal e-Transporter that dynamically stabilizes itself in at least one
direction (pitch) using a control system
[SOURCE: IEC 63281-1:2023, 3.6, modified – The word "personal" has been added to the term
and to the definition.]
3.22
warning indicators and signals
visual or audible device to
a) inform users of the safety status of the e-Transporter
b) alert third parties to the presence of the e-Transporter
Note 1 to entry: Examples of a visual or audible device to inform users of the safety status of the e-Transporter
include lights or beeping sounds to indicate a function is working correctly, or lights or beeping sounds which operate
to indicate a malfunction or condition which may become serious or which is immediately serious.
Note 2 to entry: Examples of a visual or audible device to alert third parties to the presence of the e-Transporter
include, lights or reflectors which make the e‑Transporter more easily visible, or an audible device to alert third
parties to the presence of the e‑Transporter.
[SOURCE: IEC 63281-1:2023, 3.15]
4 Risk assessment
If examination of the PeT shows that hazards not fully addressed in Clause 6 to Clause 10 in
this document can arise, then a risk assessment is required. It shall be carried out and
documented to achieve at least a tolerable risk by an iterative process described in the Clause 4
of ISO 12100:2010.
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For the risk assessment of PeTs all requirements of ISO 12100 applying for various use cases
(e.g., such as private owned use, public sharing use) shall apply. Clause 4 of ISO 12100:2010
provides requirements and guidance in performing risk assessment, including risk analysis
based on hazard identification. In performing the risk assessment, the decision as to whether a
risk is acceptable or not depends on the application and the intended use of the PeT.
Where appropriate, use restrictions for the PeT may be used as a means of risk reduction in
the risk assessment for specific hazards.
NOTE Annex A contains a list of significant hazards that can be present as regards a PeT.
5 Test conditions
5.1 General
Unless otherwise stated in this document, all tests are conducted under the conditions stated
in 5.2 to 5.5.
5.2 Test road
The test is carried out on cement or asphalt roads the surface of which shall be smooth, dry
and obstacle-free with a good adhesion coefficient; the inspection road section shall be as level
as possible, and any gradient greater than 0,5 % shall be documented.
The test area shall be arranged on the test road, and the width of test channel in the test area
shall not be less than 1 m. The two ends of this test area shall have a traveling supporting area
that is long enough and an auxiliary area for ensuring safe stopping and shall be able to support
travel in both directions.
In the event that the test road is not available, a test bench or a stand that keeps the
motor-driven wheel free of the ground can be used to conduct relevant tests.
5.3 Test driver
The driver shall be proficient in driving and familiar with test methods.
The driver shall be equipped with necessary protective equipment such as a helmet, knee pads
and elbow pads.
The driver shall use the PeT according to the instructions specified by the manufacturer and
shall keep the driving posture without significant change throughout the whole test process and
avoid any operation prohibited by the manufacturer.
If the rated load of the PeT is greater than or equal to 75 kg, the total mass of the driver and
equipment (e.g., helmet) shall not be less than 75 kg, otherwise, a counterweight shall be used;
if the rated load of the PeT is less than 75 kg, the total mass of the driver and equipment shall
be the rated load.
5.4 Test environment
The temperature shall be within the working temperature range of the PeTs; unless otherwise
specified in this document, the ambient temperature specified in this document is (25 ± 5) °C.
Indoor tests should be conducted at a relative humidity of 75 % or lower, while the relative
humidity may exceed 75 % for outdoor tests and in that case, shall be recorded in the test report.
Outdoor tests shall not be conducted during rain or snow.
Atmospheric pressure: (86 to 106) kPa.

IEC 63281-2-1:2024 © IEC 2024 – 13 –
During the test, the average wind speed shall not be greater than 3 m/s, and the instantaneous
wind speed not greater than 5 m/s.
5.5 PeT under test
The PeT under test shall be in the state of normal driving condition and the battery system shall
be fully charged according to the manufacturer's instructions.
The influence of test instruments installed on the PeT shall be minimized.
6 General safety requirements
6.1 Materials
6.1.1 Non-metallic materials
Non-metallic materials used in non-metallic body parts of PeTs not related to electrical circuitry
shall be classified at least V-2, in accordance with IEC 60695-11-10.
Compliance is checked by inspection in accordance with IEC 60695-11-10.
This requirement is not applicable to decorative parts or to other parts that cannot be ignited or
that are unlikely to spread flames generated in the equipment.
6.1.2 Metal materials
The metal enclosure of PeTs shall be corrosion-resistant, and the corrosion resistance may be
achieved by appropriate electroplating or coating treatment.
Compliance is checked by verifying that after the tests of 10.2, the metal enclosure shall show
no sign of corrosion.
6.2 Enclosure
The enclosure of the PeT shall be designed to be opened only by tools such as pliers,
screwdrivers, etc.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
6.3 Shape and appearance of PeT
6.3.1 Sharp corners and edges
To avoid sharp corners and edges that could create a potential safety hazard to persons or
equipment, during the design and manufacturing of components and parts, ensure the radius
or chamfer of accessible components and parts is at least 0,3 mm (radius or chamfer of more
than 0,5 mm is preferred).
Compliance is checked by inspection, or measurement in case of doubt.
6.3.2 Protrusions
Tubes and rigid components in the form of projections which constitute a puncture hazard to
the user and third parties shall be protected. These requirements are intended to address the
hazards associated with the users and third parties falling on projections or rigid components
(e.g., handlebars and levers) on PeTs possibly causing internal injury or skin puncture.

– 14 – IEC 63281-2-1:2024 © IEC 2024
NOTE As an example, screw threads which constitute a puncture/cut hazard are required to be limited to a
protrusion length of one major diameter of the screw beyond the internally threaded mating part.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
6.3.3 Accessible clearances for movable segments
To prevent crushing of fingers, the distance separating accessible moving parts from other
moving parts or from fixed parts of the PeT shall either be less than 5 mm, or greater than
18 mm in any position.
This requirement does not apply to the wheel with its support systems, the clearance between
the wheel and its guard, and the braking system.
Compliance is checked by inspection, or measurement in case of doubt.
6.4 Warning indicators and signals
6.4.1 General
PeTs shall have appropriate warning indicators and signals to:
a) inform users of the safety status of the PeT, and
b) notify and/or alert third parties to the presence of the PeT.
Depending on the function of the intended purpose, visual, audible, and tactile (or vibrating)
measures shall be used independently or combined, in accordance with 6.4.2 and 6.4.3, to
realize the intended purpose.
6.4.2 Warning indicators and signals for users
PeTs shall have appropriate warning indicators and signals that use visual, audible, or tactile
(or vibrating) measures solely or combined, to inform users of the safety status of the PeT.
NOTE Examples of the status information of the PeT (such as power on/off) and informing of malfunction and/or
notification of a failure sign (including battery power loss).
If there are any warning indicators and signals to indicate whether a function is working correctly
or in the event of a malfunction, they shall be clearly distinguishable for the different status
(e.g., minor error, battery power loss signal).
If there are any visual warning indicators and signals, they shall be placed in a conspicuous
position on the PeT that can be easily observed by the user during normal operation.
Compliance is checked by inspection.
6.4.3 Warning indicators and signals for third parties
6.4.3.1 Lightings and reflectors
PeTs that can move faster than 6 km/h shall be fitted and configured with active front and rear
lights according to ISO 6742-1, and the controls for lighting shall be marked in accordance with
the symbol in Figure B.2 that is shown in Annex B of this document.
PeTs on public roads shall be fitted and configured with front, side and rear retroreflectors,
reflective materials, ambient lights, or flashing lights. If retroreflectors are used, they shall meet
the requirements of ISO 6742-2.
NOTE An example of reflective materials is reflective tape.

IEC 63281-2-1:2024 © IEC 2024 – 15 –
Compliance is checked by inspection, and in accordance with ISO 6742-1, and with ISO 6742-2,
and Annex B of this document.
6.4.3.2 Audible warning devices
PeTs that can move faster than 6 km/h shall be able to notify their presence to third parties by
being equipped with the audible warning device, which can produce a sound pressure level
from 75 dB to 85 dB in accordance with ISO 14878 Class II.
The audible warning device shall only be activated by the user. The user can either directly
operate the audible warning device or indirectly control it via a remote-control. If the
remote-control is the only method to control the audible warning devices, the PeT shall only be
able to drive if the remote-control is connected either physically and/or via wireless.
The control for the audible warning device shall be marked with the symbol in Figure B.3 that
is shown in Annex B of this document.
Compliance is checked by inspection and in accordance with ISO 14878 and Annex B of this
document.
6.5 Charging lock
Protective measures shall be provided to prevent the PeT from driving during the charging of a
battery.
NOTE An example of the protective measures is cutting off the driving power of the wheels while charging.
Compliance is checked by the following test.
Check the PeT to ensure that it can be turned on and driven normally. Turn off the PeT and
charge it following the manufacturer's instructions. During the charging of a battery, turn on the
PeT three times; if it cannot be turned on, the test ends; if it can be turned on, check whether
it can be driven.
6.6 Functional components
6.6.1 Footrest or deck
The footrest or deck of the PeT shall comply with 15.1 of EN 17128:2020.
6.6.2 Electrical power on/off control
A control for turning the driving power on and off shall be installed. This control s
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