EN IEC 62282-8-301:2023
(Main)Fuel cell technologies - Part 8-301: Energy storage systems using fuel cell modules in reverse mode - Power-to-methane energy systems based on solid oxide cells including reversible operation - Performance test methods
Fuel cell technologies - Part 8-301: Energy storage systems using fuel cell modules in reverse mode - Power-to-methane energy systems based on solid oxide cells including reversible operation - Performance test methods
IEC 62282-8-301:2023 specifies performance test methods of power-to-methane systems based on solid oxide cells (SOCs). Water, CO2, and electricity are supplied to the system to produce methane and oxygen. This document is not intended to be applied to solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cell/stack assembly units for power generation purposes only, since these are covered in IEC 62282-7-2. In addition, the test methods for SOC cell/stack assembly units including reversible operation (without any methanation reactor) are already described in IEC 62282-8-101. This document is intended to be used for data exchanges in commercial transactions between the system manufacturers and customers. Users of this document can selectively execute test items suitable for their purposes from those described in this document.
Brennstoffzellentechnologien - Teil 8-301: Energiespeichersysteme mit Brennstoffzellenmodulen im reversiblen Betrieb - Power-to-Methane-Energiesysteme auf Basis von Festoxidzellen einschließlich reversiblem Betrieb - Leistungskennwerteprüfverfahren
Technologies des piles à combustible - Partie 8-301: Systèmes de stockage de l’énergie utilisant des modules à piles à combustible en mode inversé - Systèmes de conversion de l’énergie en méthane à base de piles à oxyde solide, comprenant le fonctionnement réversible - Méthodes d’essai des performances
IEC 62282-8-31:2023 spécifie les méthodes d’essai de performance des systèmes de conversion d’électricité en méthane à base de piles à oxyde solide (SOC). De l’eau, du CO2 et de l’électricité sont fournis au système pour produire du méthane et de l’oxygène. IEC 62282 spécifie les méthodes d’essai de performance des systèmes de conversion d’électricité en méthane à base de piles à oxyde solide (SOC). De l’eau, du CO2 et de l’électricité sont fournis au système pour produire du méthane et de l’oxygène. Le présent document est destiné à être utilisé pour les échanges de données dans le cadre de transactions commerciales entre les fabricants de systèmes et les clients. Les utilisateurs du présent document peuvent choisir les éléments d’essai à exécuter selon leurs objectifs parmi ceux décrits dans le présent document.
Tehnologije gorivnih celic - 8-301. del: Sistemi za shranjevanje energije, ki uporabljajo module regenerativnih gorivnih celic - Elektroenergetski sistemi za proizvodnjo metana, ki temeljijo na členih s trdim oksidnim elektrolitom, vključno z obrnjenim delovanjem - Metode za preskušanje zmogljivosti (IEC 62282-8-301:2023)
Standard IEC 62282-8-301:2023 določa metode za preskušanje zmogljivosti elektroenergetskih sistemov za proizvodnjo metana, ki temeljijo na členih s trdim oksidnim elektrolitom (SOC). V sistem se dovajajo voda, CO2 in elektrika, da proizvaja metan in kisik.
Ta dokument ni namenjen uporabi za sestavne enote celic/zalog s trdim oksidnim elektrolitom (SOFC), ki so namenjene samo proizvodnji električne energije, saj jih že zajema standard IEC 62282-7-2. Poleg tega so v standardu IEC 62282-8-101 že opisane preskusne metode za sestavne enote celic/zalog s trdim oksidnim elektrolitom, vključno z obrnjenim delovanjem (brez metanacijskega reaktorja).
Ta dokument je namenjen izmenjavi podatkov pri komercialnih transakcijah med proizvajalci sistemov in strankami. Uporabniki tega dokumenta lahko po izbiri izvajajo preskusne elemente, ki so primerni za njihov namen, med vsemi opisanimi v tem dokumentu.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2023
Tehnologije gorivnih celic - 8-301. del: Sistemi za shranjevanje energije, ki
uporabljajo module regenerativnih gorivnih celic - Elektroenergetski sistemi za
proizvodnjo metana, ki temeljijo na členih s trdim oksidnim elektrolitom, vključno z
obrnjenim delovanjem - Metode za preskušanje zmogljivosti (IEC 62282-8-
301:2023)
Fuel cell technologies - Part 8-301: Energy storage systems using fuel cell modules in
reverse mode - Power to methane energy systems based on solid oxide cells including
reversible operation - Performance test methods (IEC 62282-8-301:2023)
Tehnologije gorivnih celic - 8-301. del: Sistemi za shranjevanje energije, ki uporabljajo
module regenerativnih gorivnih celic – Elektroenergetski sistemi za proizvodnjo metana,
ki temeljijo na členih s trdim oksidnim elektrolitom - Metode za preskušanje zmogljivosti
(IEC 62282-8-301:2023)
Technologies des piles à combustible - Partie 8-301: Systèmes de stockage de l’énergie
utilisant des modules à piles à combustible en mode inversé - Systèmes de conversion
de l’énergie en méthane à base de piles à oxyde solide, comprenant le fonctionnement
réversible - Méthodes d’essai des performances (IEC 62282-8-301:2023)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN IEC 62282-8-301:2023
ICS:
27.070 Gorilne celice Fuel cells
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD EN IEC 62282-8-301
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM July 2023
ICS 27.070
English Version
Fuel cell technologies - Part 8-301: Energy storage systems
using fuel cell modules in reverse mode - Power-to-methane
energy systems based on solid oxide cells including reversible
operation - Performance test methods
(IEC 62282-8-301:2023)
Technologies des piles à combustible - Partie 8-301: Brennstoffzellentechnologien - Teil 8-301:
Systèmes de stockage de l'énergie utilisant des modules à Energiespeichersysteme mit Brennstoffzellenmodulen im
piles à combustible en mode inversé - Systèmes de reversiblen Betrieb - Power-to-Methane-Energiesysteme
conversion de l'énergie en méthane à base de piles à auf Basis von Festoxidzellen einschließlich reversiblem
oxyde solide, comprenant le fonctionnement réversible - Betrieb - Leistungskennwerteprüfverfahren
Méthodes d'essai des performances (IEC 62282-8-301:2023)
(IEC 62282-8-301:2023)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2023-06-27. CENELEC members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC
Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation
under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the
same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Türkiye and the United Kingdom.
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CENELEC All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC Members.
Ref. No. EN IEC 62282-8-301:2023 E
European foreword
The text of document 105/968/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 62282-8-301, prepared by IEC/TC 105
"Fuel cell technologies" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC
as EN IEC 62282-8-301:2023.
The following dates are fixed:
• latest date by which the document has to be implemented at national (dop) 2024-03-27
level by publication of an identical national standard or by endorsement
• latest date by which the national standards conflicting with the (dow) 2026-06-27
document have to be withdrawn
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national committee. A
complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CENELEC website.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 62282-8-301:2023 was approved by CENELEC as a
European Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standard indicated:
IEC 62282-3-200 NOTE Approved as EN 62282-3-200
ISO 6976 NOTE Approved as EN ISO 6976
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
NOTE 1 Where an International Publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the
relevant EN/HD applies.
NOTE 2 Up-to-date information on the latest versions of the European Standards listed in this annex is available
here: www.cencenelec.eu.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60584-1 - Thermocouples - Part 1: EMF EN 60584-1 -
specifications and tolerances
IEC 60584-3 - Thermocouples - Part 3: Extension and EN IEC 60584-3 -
compensating cables - Tolerances and
identification system
IEC 61515 - Mineral insulated metal-sheathed EN 61515 -
thermocouple cables and thermocouples
IEC 62282-7-2 2021 Fuel cell technologies - Part 7-2: Test EN IEC 62282-7-2 2021
methods - Single cell and stack
performance tests for solid oxide fuel cells
(SOFCs)
IEC 62282-8-101 2020 Fuel cell technologies - Part 8-101: Energy EN IEC 62282-8- 2020
storage systems using fuel cell modules in 101
reverse mode - Test procedures for the
performance of solid oxide single cells and
stacks, including reversible operation
ISO 5167-1 - Measurement of fluid flow by means of EN ISO 5167-1 -
pressure differential devices inserted in
circular cross-section conduits running full -
Part 1: General principles and
requirements
ISO 5168 - Measurement of fluid flow - Procedures for - -
the evaluation of uncertainties
ISO 6141 - Gas analysis - Contents of certificates for EN ISO 6141 -
calibration gas mixtures
ISO 6142-1 - Gas analysis - Preparation of calibration EN ISO 6142-1 -
gas mixtures - Part 1: Gravimetric method
for Class I mixtures
ISO 6143 - Gas analysis - Comparison methods for EN ISO 6143 -
determining and checking the composition
of calibration gas mixtures
ISO 6145-7 - Gas analysis - Preparation of calibration EN ISO 6145-7 -
gas mixtures using dynamic methods - Part
7: Thermal mass-flow controllers
ISO 6974 series Natural gas - Determination of composition EN ISO 6974 series
and associated uncertainty by gas
chromatography
ISO 6975 - Natural gas - Extended analysis - Gas- EN ISO 6975 -
chromatographic method
ISO 7066-2 - Assessment of uncertainty in the - -
calibration and use of flow measurement
devices - Part 2: Non-linear calibration
relationships
ISO 8573-1 - Compressed air - Part 1: Contaminants - -
and purity classes
ISO 8756 - Air quality - handling of temperature, - -
pressure and humidity data
ISO 10101 series Natural gas - Determination of water by the EN ISO 10101 series
Karl Fischer method
ISO 11541 - Natural gas - Determination of water EN ISO 11541 -
content at high pressure
IEC 62282-8-301 ®
Edition 1.0 2023-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Fuel cell technologies –
Part 8-301: Energy storage systems using fuel cell modules in reverse mode –
Power-to-methane energy systems based on solid oxide cells including
reversible operation – Performance test methods
Technologies des piles à combustible –
Partie 8-301: Systèmes de stockage de l’énergie utilisant des modules à piles à
combustible en mode inversé – Systèmes de conversion de l’énergie en
méthane à base de piles à oxyde solide, comprenant le fonctionnement
réversible – Méthodes d’essai des performances
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 27.070 ISBN 978-2-8322-6860-5
– 2 – IEC 62282-8-301:2023 © IEC 2023
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 3
INTRODUCTION . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols . 8
3.1 Terms and definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviated terms and symbols . 13
3.2.1 Abbreviated terms . 13
3.2.2 Symbols . 13
4 Power-to-methane system based on SOC . 18
5 Reference conditions . 19
5.1 Temperature and pressure . 19
5.2 Heating value base . 19
6 Instrumentation and measurement methods. 19
6.1 General . 19
6.2 Instrument uncertainty . 20
6.3 Measurement methods . 21
6.3.1 Measurement methods for testing the power-to-methane energy system . 21
6.3.2 Measurement methods for testing components . 24
7 Test methods and procedures. 27
7.1 General . 27
7.2 System performance tests . 27
7.2.1 Start-up test. 27
7.2.2 Performance tests at rated operation . 28
7.2.3 Performance test at power input variation . 32
7.2.4 Shutdown test . 33
7.3 Performance test for components. 33
7.3.1 SOC cell/stack assembly unit . 33
7.3.2 Methanation reactor . 42
8 Test report . 45
8.1 General . 45
8.2 Title page . 45
8.3 Table of contents . 45
8.4 Summary report . 46
Annex A (informative) Guidelines for the contents of detailed and full reports . 47
A.1 General . 47
A.2 Detailed report . 47
A.3 Full report . 47
Bibliography . 48
Figure 1 – Process schematic of the scope of IEC 62282-8-301 . 7
Figure 2 – Schematic of the physical interfaces of the system . 20
Figure 3 – Testing system . 34
Figure 4 – Test environment and interfaces between SOC cell/stack, methanation
reactor and experimental set-up . 36
Table 1 – Symbols . 13
IEC 62282-8-301:2023 © IEC 2023 – 3 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 8-301: Energy storage systems using fuel cell modules in reverse
mode – Power-to-methane energy systems based on solid oxide cells
including reversible operation – Performance test methods
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as "IEC Publication(s)"). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 62282-8-301 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 105: Fuel cell technologies.
It is an International Standard.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
105/968/FDIS 105/983/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
– 4 – IEC 62282-8-301:2023 © IEC 2023
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/publications.
A list of all parts in the IEC 62282 series, published under the general title Fuel cell technologies,
can be found on the IEC website.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IEC 62282-8-301:2023 © IEC 2023 – 5 –
INTRODUCTION
This part of IEC 62282 describes performance evaluation methods for electric energy
conversion systems based on power-to-methane systems using solid oxide cells (SOCs) and
methanation reactors.
A typical application of the power-to-methane systems is an electrolytic production of methane
as the energy carrier suitable for a large-scale, long-term storage and transportation.
The combustion heat of methane per mol is about three times larger than that of hydrogen.
Methane is easily liquefied, which makes it suitable for storage and transportation via existing
infrastructures for natural gas (tanks, pipelines, tankers, or trucks) as well as for being easily
utilized by conventional equipment. Also, the use of "green methane" (produced by renewable
electricity) or "carbon neutral methane" in place of "fossil methane" is a promising option in the
near future.
The IEC 62282-8 series aims to develop performance test methods for power storage and
buffering systems based on electrochemical modules (combining electrolysis and fuel cells, in
particular reversible cells), taking into consideration both options of re-electrification and
substance (and heat) production for the sustainable integration of renewable energy sources.
Under the general title "Energy storage systems using fuel cell modules in reverse mode", the
IEC 62282-8 series consists of the following parts:
• IEC 62282-8-101: Test procedures for the performance of solid oxide single cells and
stacks, including reversible operation
• IEC 62282-8-102: Test procedures for the performance of single cells and stacks with proton
exchange membrane, including reversible operation
• IEC 62282-8-103 : Alkaline single cell and stack performance including reversible operation
• IEC 62282-8-201 : Test procedures for the performance of power-to-power systems
• IEC 62282-8-202 : Power-to-power systems – Safety
• IEC 62282-8-3xy (all parts): Power-to-substance systems
As a priority dictated by the emerging needs for industry and the opportunities for technological
development, IEC 62282-8-101, IEC 62282-8-102 and IEC 62282-8-201 were initiated jointly.
This document is the first of the IEC 62282-8-3xy series.
___________
Under consideration.
Second edition under preparation. Stage at the time of publication: IEC CDV 62282-8-201:2023.
Under consideration.
– 6 – IEC 62282-8-301:2023 © IEC 2023
FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES –
Part 8-301: Energy storage systems using fuel cell modules in reverse
mode – Power-to-methane energy systems based on solid oxide cells
including reversible operation – Performance test methods
1 Scope
This part of IEC 62282 specifies performance test methods of power-to-methane systems based
on solid oxide cells (SOCs). Water, CO , and electricity are supplied to the system to produce
methane and oxygen.
This document is not intended to be applied to solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cell/stack assembly
units for power generation purposes only, since these are covered in IEC 62282-7-2. In addition,
the test methods for SOC cell/stack assembly units including reversible operation (without any
methanation reactor) are already described in IEC 62282-8-101. Users can substitute the
selected test methods of this document with the equivalent test methods given in
IEC 62282-8-101 (solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) to produce H only as well as SOFC
operation mode and reversible mode) and in IEC 62282-7-2 (SOFC mode only).
This document covers two types of processes as shown in Figure 1:
• Case 1: Steam and CO are introduced into the SOC (co-electrolysis process), and the
product gas (mainly, H + CO) is supplied to a methanation reactor (catalytic reactor);
• Case 2: Steam is introduced into the SOC to generate H , which is supplied into a
methanation reactor with CO .
Besides these two cases, the methanation catalyst can be integrated within the SOC, but this
case is not within the scope of this document. This document provides, for testing systems,
information on instruments and specifies measurement methods to test the performance of SOC
cell/stack assembly units and of the methanation reactor for energy conversion purposes. To
produce CH from water and CO , the SOC is operated in electrolysis mode (solid oxide
4 2
electrolysis cell (SOEC)). The SOC can be operated either in fuel cell mode (SOFC) or in
reversible operation mode or both. In this document, the system is considered not to have
components which store electricity, fluids, or heat.
This document is intended to be used for data exchanges in commercial transactions between
the system manufacturers and customers. Users of this document can selectively execute test
items suitable for their purposes from those described in this document.
IEC 62282-8-301:2023 © IEC 2023 – 7 –
Figure 1 – Process schematic of the scope of IEC 62282-8-301
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 60584-1, Thermocouples – Part 1: EMF specifications and tolerances
IEC 60584-3, Thermocouples – Part 3: Extension and compensating cables – Tolerances and
identification system
IEC 61515, Mineral insulated metal-sheathed thermocouple cables and thermocouples
IEC 62282-7-2:2021, Fuel cell technologies – Part 7-2: Test methods – Single cell and stack
performance tests for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC)
IEC 62282-8-101:2020, Fuel cell technologies – Part 8-101: Energy storage systems using fuel
cell modules in reverse mode – Test procedures for the performance of solid oxide single cells
and stacks, including reversible operation
ISO 5167-1, Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices inserted in
circular cross-section conduits running full – Part 1: General principles and requirements
ISO 5168, Measurement of fluid flow – Procedures for the evaluation of uncertainties
ISO 6141, Gas analysis – Contents of certificates for calibration gas mixtures
ISO 6142-1, Gas analysis – Preparation of calibration gas mixtures – Part 1: Gravimetric
method for Class I mixtures
ISO 6143, Gas analysis – Comparison methods for determining and checking the composition
of calibration gas mixtures
ISO 6145-7, Gas analysis – Preparation of calibration gas mixtures using dynamic methods –
Part 7: Thermal mass-flow controllers
– 8 – IEC 62282-8-301:2023 © IEC 2023
ISO 6974 (all parts), Natural gas – Determination of composition and associated uncertainty by
gas chromatography
ISO 6975, Natural gas – Extended analysis – Gas-chromatographic method
ISO 7066-2, Assessment of uncertainty in the calibration and use of flow measurement devices
– Part 2: Non-linear calibration relationships
ISO 8573-1, Compressed air – Part 1: Contaminants and purity classes
ISO 8756, Air quality – Handling of temperature, pressure and humidity data
ISO 10101 (all parts), Natural gas – Determination of water by the Karl Fischer method
ISO 11541, Natural gas – Determination of water content at high pressure
3 Terms, definitions, abbreviated terms and symbols
3.1 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1.1
active electrode area
effective electrode area
geometric area of the electrode where the electrochemical reaction takes place
Note 1 to entry: Usually this corresponds to the smaller of the two areas of negative electrode or positive electrode.
2 2
Note 2 to entry: Area perpendicular to the ionic current flow, usually expressed in m or cm .
[SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.1]
3.1.2
additional gas
gas added to the product gas from the negative electrode for the reaction in the methanation
reactor
Note 1 to entry: For Case 2 in Figure 1, the additional gas is CO .
Note 2 to entry: For Case 1 in Figure 1 (co-electrolysis mode), CO or H or both can be added to convert the
2 2
product gas from the negative electrode into CH efficiently.
3.1.3
area-specific resistance
ASR
internal resistivity of any component of a cell or a stack, including the change of potential due
to the electrochemical reaction
2 2
Note 1 to entry: It is normalized by the active electrode area and is expressed in Ω · m or Ω · cm .
[SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.2]
IEC 62282-8-301:2023 © IEC 2023 – 9 –
3.1.4
catalyst
substance that accelerates a reaction without being consumed itself
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:2020, 485-01-01, modified – "electrochemical reaction" has been
replaced by "reaction" and Note 1 and Note 2 have been deleted.]
3.1.5
cell
single cell
basic unit of a solid oxide cell
[SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.7, modified – "cell" has become a preferred term.]
3.1.6
cold state
state of a power-to-methane system at ambient temperature with no power input or output
Note 1 to entry: The cold state can come after the storage state during cooling-down of the system.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:2020, 485-21-01, modified – "fuel cell power system" has been
replaced by "power-to-methane system" and the Note to entry has been added.]
3.1.7
compression force
axial load
compressive load applied to the single cell or to the end plates of a planar SOC stack to ensure
electric contact and gas tightness
Note 1 to entry: The compression force is in practice expressed in N.
[SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.7, modified – The preferred term "axial load" has
become an admitted term and the admitted term "compression force" has become a preferred
term.]
3.1.8
conditioning
preliminary step of treatment that is required to properly operate a SOC and is usually realized
by following a protocol specified by the manufacturer
[SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.8, modified – The Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.1.9
conversion of CO into CH
2 4
catalytic conversion percentage of carbon dioxide into methane in the methanation reactor
3.1.10
conversion of H into CH
2 4
catalytic conversion percentage of hydrogen into methane in the methanation reactor
3.1.11
current density
electric current per unit active area of the electrode
2 2
Note 1 to entry: The current density is expressed in A/m or A/cm .
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:2020, 485-12-01, modified – "of the electrode" has been added and
the domain has been deleted.]
– 10 – IEC 62282-8-301:2023 © IEC 2023
3.1.12
electrode gas
gas present at the positive or negative electrode
Note 1 to entry: Electrode gases can be reactants, products or inert gas.
[SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.14]
3.1.13
interconnector
interconnect
electronically conductive and gas-tight component connecting single cells in a stack
[SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.4, modified – "electronically" has been added and the
Notes to entry have been deleted.]
3.1.14
methanation reactor
catalytic reactor which converts CO , CO, and H into CH
2 2 4
3.1.15
negative electrode
electrode at which fuel (reductant) gas is consumed or produced
Note 1 to entry: In the case of electrolysis mode with an oxide-ion conducting electrolyte such as yttria-stabilized
zirconia in a SOC, steam is reduced to produce hydrogen or a mixture of steam and CO is reduced to produce H +
2 2
CO.
Note 2 to entry: In the case of electrolysis mode for a proton conducting SOC, the negative electrode gas is
hydrogen or inert gas or both (Case 2 in Figure 1) or a mixture of hydrogen, CO and inert gas (Case 1, co-
electrolysis).
[SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.19, modified – "(reductant)" has been added and the
three Notes to entry have been replaced with two new Notes to entry.]
3.1.16
positive electrode
electrode at which oxygen is consumed or produced
Note 1 to entry: In the case of electrolysis mode for an oxide-ion conducting SOC, the positive electrode gas is
usually air to carry the generated oxygen.
Note 2 to entry: In the case of electrolysis mode for a proton conducting SOC, the positive electrode gas is steam
or a mixture of steam and inert gas to carry the generated oxygen.
[SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.21, modified – The three Notes to entry have been
replaced with two new Notes to entry.]
3.1.17
protection gas
mixture of hydrogen and inert gas (usually argon or nitrogen) to protect the transition metal-
containing negative electrodes of the SOC and the catalyst in the methanation reactor from
being re-oxidized in case of abnormal operating conditions (e.g. electrode gas interruption,
emergency stop of the test station)
3.1.18
rated conditions
recommended operation conditions (e.g. current, power) as specified by the manufacturer, at
which the SOC system has been designed to operate
IEC 62282-8-301:2023 © IEC 2023 – 11 –
3.1.19
reversible mode
regenerative mode
operation mode of a solid oxide cell which alternates between fuel cell mode and electrolysis
mode (Re-SOC)
Note 1 to entry: The term "reversible" in this context does not refer to the thermodynamic principle of an ideal
process.
[SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.26]
3.1.20
shutdown time
time required for shutdown from the rated state to the cold state
Note 1 to entry: The shutdown time is expressed in s, min, or h.
3.1.21
shutdown energy
total energy input during shutdown from the rated state to the cold state
Note 1 to entry: The shutdown energy is expressed in kJ.
3.1.22
solid oxide cell
SOC
electrochemical cell composed of three functional elements (negative electrode, electrolyte and
positive electrode)
[SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.28, modified – "based on ceramic oxide materials" and
the three Notes to entry have been deleted.]
3.1.23
solid oxide electrolysis cell
SOEC
SOC operated in electrolysis mode
[SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.29, modified – "i.e. reversed fuel cell mode" and the
three Notes to entry have been deleted.]
3.1.24
solid oxide fuel cell
SOFC
SOC operated in fuel cell mode
[SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.30, modified – Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.1.25
space velocity
quotient of the entering volumetric flow rate of the reactants divided by the volume of the
catalyst bed
Note 1 to entry: The space velocity is expressed in 1/s.
– 12 – IEC 62282-8-301:2023 © IEC 2023
3.1.26
stable state
condition of a cell/stack assembly unit at which the unit is stable enough for any controlling
parameter and the output voltage or output current of the unit to remain within its tolerance
range of variation
[SOURCE: IEC 62282-7-2:2021, 3.1.9]
3.1.27
stack
assembly of cells, interconnectors, cooling plates, manifolds and a supporting structure
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485:2020, 485-06-01, modified – The first preferred term "fuel cell stack"
has been deleted, "separators" has been replaced by "interconnectors" and "that
electrochemically converts, typically, hydrogen-rich gas and air reactants to DC power, heat
and other reaction products" has been deleted.]
3.1.28
start-up time
time required for start-up from the cold state to the rated state
Note 1 to entry: The start-up time is expressed in s, min, or h.
3.1.29
start-up energy
total energy input during start-up from the cold state to the rated state
Note 1 to entry: The start-up energy is expressed in kJ.
3.1.30
storage state
state of a power-to-methane system being non-operational and possibly requiring, under
conditions specified by the manufacturer, the input of thermal and electric energy, or an inert
atmosphere, or any combination thereof, in order to prevent deterioration of the components
and to energize the control systems
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-485-21-06, modified – "fuel cell power system" has been replaced by
"power-to-methane system" and “to energize the control systems" has been added.]
3.1.31
sweep gas
gas supplied to the positive electrode compartment of the SOC to carry the generated oxygen
Note 1 to entry: Air is frequently used as the sweep gas in the case of an oxide-ion conduction SOC to carry
generated O gas. For a proton-conducting SOC, steam or a mixture of steam and inert gas is supplied to carry the
.
generated O
3.1.32
test input parameter
TIP
parameter whose values can be set in order to define the test conditions of the test system
including the operating conditions of the test object
[SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.33, modified – The Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
IEC 62282-8-301:2023 © IEC 2023 – 13 –
3.1.33
test output parameter
TOP
parameter that indicates the response of the test system/test object as a result of variation of
TIPs
[SOURCE: IEC 62282-8-101:2020, 3.1.34, modified – The Note 1 to entry has been deleted.]
3.2 Abbreviated terms and symbols
3.2.1 Abbreviated terms
AC alternating current
ASR area-specific resistance
CE current efficiency
DC direct current
DR degradation rate
FT Fischer Tropsch
GWP global warming potential
HHV higher heating value
LHV lower heating value
P2G power-to-gas
SOC solid oxide cell
SOEC solid oxide electrolysis cell
SOFC solid oxide fuel cell
Re-SOC reversible solid oxide cell
STP standard temperature and pressure
SV space velocity
TIP test input parameter
TOP test output parameter
3.2.2 Symbols
Table 1 lists the symbols and units that are used in this document.
Table 1 – Symbols
Symbol Definition Unit(s)
2 2
A Active (geometric) area of the cell/stack electrode(s)
m , cm
active
c Concentration
c Molar concentration of component i
mol/m
i
C Heat capacity
p
C Heat capacity of the heat transfer fluid at standard pressure J/(kg · K)
p,c
C Heat capacity of component i at standard pressure J/(kg · K)
p,i
E Energy
E
Electric energy input to the system kJ
el,in
E Electric energy output from the system kJ
el,out
E Specific electric energy consumed for producing a unit volume of CH
kJ/m
sp,CH4 4
– 14 – IEC 62282-8-301:2023 © IEC 2023
Symbol Definition Unit(s)
E Start-up energy of the system kJ
st
E Shutdown energy of the system kJ
sd
F Faraday constant, force
F Faraday constant (96 485,3) C/mol
F Compression force applied onto the cell/stack N
comp
f Frequency
f Excitation frequency for impedance measurement Hz
H Higher heating value
H
Higher heating value of methane kJ/mol
CH4
I, J Current, current density
I
Alternating current (AC current) supplied to the system A
AC
I Cell current A
cell
I DC current supplied to the system A
DC
I Stack current A
stack
I
Amplitude of alternating current A
pk
2 2
J Current density
A/m , A/cm
2 2
δJ Differential change in current density
A/m , A/cm
N, n Number of items
N Number of cells in the assembly unit
cell
n Number of carbon atoms in a hydrocarbon molecule
P Power
P AC electric power supplied to the system W
AC
P DC electric power supplied to the system W
DC
P Heat (thermal power) recovery rate at the methanation reactor kJ/s
th,MR
P
Sum of heat (thermal power) input rate of all heat transferring fluids of the kJ/s
th,sys,in
system
P Sum of heat (thermal power) output rate of all heat transferring fluids of kJ/s
th,sys,out
the system
ΔP Heat (thermal power) balance of the system kJ/s
th,sys
p Pressure
p Pressure of negative electrode gas at cell/stack inlet kPa
neg,in
p
Pressure of negative electrode gas at cell/stack outlet kPa
neg,out
p Pressure of positive electrode gas at cell/stack inlet kPa
pos,in
p Pressure of positive electrode gas at cell/stack outlet kPa
pos,out
p Pressure of the additional gas kPa
ad
p Pressure of gas at methanation reactor inlet kPa
MR,in
p Pressure of gas at methanation reactor outlet kPa
MR,out
p Standard pressure (101,325) kPa
V Volume
V volume of the catalyst bed
m
cat
IEC 62282-8-301:2023 © IEC 2023 – 15 –
Symbol Definition Unit(s)
Q Heat (thermal) energy
th
Q Heat (thermal) energy input to the system kJ
th,in
Q Heat (thermal) energy output from the system kJ
th,out
q Mass flow rate
m
q Mass flow rate of heat recovery fluid kg/s
m,c
q
Volumetric flow rate
V
q Volumetric flow rate of heat transfer fluid (at STP)
m /s
V,H
q Total volumetric flow rate at negative electrode inlet (at STP)
m /s
V,neg,in
q Total volumetric flow rate at positive electrode inlet (at STP)
m /s
V,pos,in
q Total volumetric flow rate at negative electrode outlet (at STP)
m /s
V,neg,out
q Total volumetric flow rate at positive electrode outlet (at STP)
m /s
V,pos,out
q Total volumetric flow rate of the additional gas (at STP)
m /s
V,ad
q
Total volumetric flow rate at methanation reactor inlet (at STP)
m /s
V,MR,in
q Total volumetric flow rate at methanation reactor outlet (at STP)
m /s
V,MR,out
q Volumetric flow rate of gas component i at negative electrode inlet (at
m /s
V,i,neg,in
STP)
q Volumetric flow rate of gas component i at positive electrode inlet (at STP)
m /s
V,i,pos,in
q Volumetric flow rate of gas component i at negative electrode outlet (at
m /s
V,i,neg,out
STP)
q Volumetric flow rate of gas component i at positive electrode outlet (at
m /s
V,i,pos,out
STP)
q Volumetric flow rate of gas component i in the additional gas (at STP)
m /s
V,i,ad
q Volumetric flow rate of gas component i at methanation reactor inlet (at
m /s
V,i,MR,in
STP)
q Volumetric flow rate of gas component i at methanation reactor outlet (at
m /s
V,i,MR,out
STP)
q Total volumetric flow rate of product gas at the outlet of the system (at
m /s
V,product,sys,out
STP)
q Volumetric flow rate of gas component i at the outlet of the system (at
m /s
V,i,sys,out
STP)
q Volumetric flow rate of gas component i at the inlet of the system (at STP)
m /s
V,i,sys,in
R Resistance, universal gas constant
R Resistance Ω
2 2
R Area-specific resistance
Ω ∙ m , Ω ∙ cm
ASR
R Ohmic resistance Ω
ohm
R Non-ohmic resistance Ω
non-ohm
R
Universal gas constant (8,314 5) J/(mol ∙ K)
g
r Production rate of gas
r Production rate of gas component i at electrode outlet (at STP)
m /s
i
r Production rate of hydrogen gas at negative electrode outlet (at STP)
m /s
H2,neg,out
r Production rate of gas equivalent to hydrogen at negative electrode outlet
m /s
H2,eq,neg,out
(at STP)
– 16 – IEC 62282-8-301:2023 © IEC 2023
Symbol Definition Unit(s)
SV Space velocity
SV quotient of the entering volumetric flow rate of reactants divided by the 1/s
volume of the catalyst bed
T Temperature
T Temperature of the heat recovery fluid at the inlet of the methanation K
c,in
reactor
T
Temperature of the heat recovery fluid at the outlet of the methanation K
c,out
reactor
T
Temperature of the cell or stack K
cell/stack
T Average temperature of the stack K
stack,av
T Internal stack temperature K
stack,intern
T Temperature of the bottom plate K
BP
T Temperature of the top plate K
TP
...
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