EN 61982:2012
(Main)Secondary batteries (except lithium) for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Performance and endurance tests
Secondary batteries (except lithium) for the propulsion of electric road vehicles - Performance and endurance tests
IEC 61982:2012 is applicable to performance and endurance tests for secondary batteries used for vehicle propulsion applications. This standard is applicable to lead-acid batteries, Ni/Cd batteries, Ni/MH batteries and sodium based batteries used in electric road vehicles. This first edition cancels and replaces the IEC 61982-1:2006, the IEC 61982-2:2002 and the IEC 61982-3: 2001. It constitutes a technical revision.
Sekundärbatterien (ausgenommen Lithium-Batterien) für den Antrieb von Elektrostraßenfahrzeugen - Kapazitäts- und Lebensdauerprüfungen
Accumulateurs (excepté lithium) pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers électriques - Essais de performance et d'endurance
La CEI 61982:2012 s'applique aux essais de performance et d'endurance des accumulateurs utilisés dans les applications de propulsion des véhicules. La présente norme concerne les batteries au plomb, les batteries Ni/Cd, les batteries Ni/MH et les batteries sodium utilisées dans les véhicules électriques routiers. Cette première édition annule et remplace la CEI 61982-1:2006, la CEI 61982-2:2002 et la CEI 61982-3:2001. Elle constitue une révision technique.
Sekundarne baterije (z izjemo litijevih) za pogon električnih cestnih vozil - 1. del: Lastnosti in trajnostni preskusi
Ta mednarodni standard se uporablja za lastnosti in trajnostne preskuse za sekundarne baterije, ki se uporabljajo za pogon vozil. Cilj tega standarda je določitev osnovnih značilnosti celic, baterij, blokov, modulov in baterijskih sistemov, ki se uporabljajo za pogon električnih cestnih vozil, vključno s hibridnimi električnimi vozili, skupaj z ustreznimi preskusnimi metodami za specifikacije. Preskusi se lahko uporabijo zlasti za preskušanje baterij, ki so razvite za uporabo v vozilih, kot so vozila za potnike, motorji, komercialna vozila idr. Ta standard se ne uporablja za baterijske sisteme za specializirana vozila, kot so vozila za javni prevoz, vozila za zbiranje odpadkov ali težka tovorna vozila, kjer se baterija uporablja na podoben način kot pri industrijskih vozilih. Preskusni postopki so opredeljeni kot funkcija zahtev za zmogljivost vozila. Ta standard se uporablja za svinčeve kislinske baterije, baterije Ni/Cd, Ni/MH in natrijske baterije, ki se uporabljajo v električnih cestnih vozilih. Dodatek A določa preskusne postopke zmogljivosti in življenjske dobe baterij Ni/MH, ki se uporabljajo za pogon hibridnih električnih vozil (HEV).
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-marec-2013
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN 61982-1:2008
SIST EN 61982-2:2003
SIST EN 61982-3:2002
6HNXQGDUQHEDWHULMH ]L]MHPROLWLMHYLK ]DSRJRQHOHNWULþQLKFHVWQLKYR]LOGHO
/DVWQRVWLLQWUDMQRVWQLSUHVNXVL
Secondary batteries (except lithium) for the propulsion of electric road vehicles -
Performance and endurance tests
/
Accumulateurs (excepté lithium) pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers électriques -
Essais de performance et d'endurance
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 61982:2012
ICS:
29.220.20 .LVOLQVNLVHNXQGDUQLþOHQLLQ Acid secondary cells and
EDWHULMH batteries
43.120 (OHNWULþQDFHVWQDYR]LOD Electric road vehicles
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EUROPEAN STANDARD
EN 61982
NORME EUROPÉENNE
October 2012
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 29.220.20 Supersedes EN 61982-1:2006, EN 61982-2:2002 + corr. Dec.2002, EN 61982-3:2001
English version
Secondary batteries (except lithium) for the propulsion
of electric road vehicles -
Performance and endurance tests
(IEC 61982:2012)
Accumulateurs (excepté lithium) Sekundärbatterien (ausgenommen
pour la propulsion des véhicules Lithium-Batterien) für den Antrieb
routiers électriques - von Elektrostraßenfahrzeugen -
Essais de performance et d'endurance Kapazitäts- und Lebensdauerprüfungen
(CEI 61982:2012) (IEC 61982:2012)
This European Standard was approved by CENELEC on 2012-06-01. CENELEC members are bound to comply
with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard
the status of a national standard without any alteration.
Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on
application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CENELEC member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CENELEC member into its own language and notified
to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CENELEC members are the national electrotechnical committees of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany,
Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom.
CENELEC
European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique
Europäisches Komitee für Elektrotechnische Normung
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B - 1000 Brussels
© 2012 CENELEC - All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CENELEC members.
Ref. No. EN 61982:2012 E
Foreword
The text of document 21/775/FDIS, future edition 1 of IEC 61982, prepared by IEC/TC 21 "Secondary
cells and batteries" was submitted to the IEC-CENELEC parallel vote and approved by CENELEC as
The following dates are fixed:
(dop) 2013-04-19
• latest date by which the document has
to be implemented at national level by
publication of an identical national
standard or by endorsement
(dow) 2015-06-01
• latest date by which the national
standards conflicting with the
document have to be withdrawn
This document supersedes EN 61982-1:2006, EN 61982-2:2002 + corrigendum December 2002 and
EN 61982-3:2001.
EN 61982-2:2002 and EN 61982-3:2001:
- clarification of the scope;
- update of some tests, and
- addition of the Annex A dealing with NiMh batteries for the propulsion of hybrid electric vehicles.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CENELEC [and/or CEN] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such
patent rights.
Endorsement notice
The text of the International Standard IEC 61982:2012 was approved by CENELEC as a European
Standard without any modification.
In the official version, for Bibliography, the following notes have to be added for the standards indicated:
IEC 60051 series NOTE Harmonized as EN 60051 series (not modified).
IEC 60254-1:2005 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60254-1:2005 (not modified).
IEC 60359 NOTE Harmonized as EN 60359.
IEC 62660-1:2010 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62660-1:2011 (not modified).
IEC 62660-2:2010 NOTE Harmonized as EN 62660-2:2011 (not modified).
- 3 - EN 61982:2012
Annex ZA
(normative)
Normative references to international publications
with their corresponding European publications
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE When an international publication has been modified by common modifications, indicated by (mod), the relevant EN/HD
applies.
Publication Year Title EN/HD Year
IEC 60050-482 2004 International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - -
(IEV) -
Part 482: Primary and secondary cells
and batteries
IEC 61434 - Secondary cells and batteries containing EN 61434 -
alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes -
Guide to the designation of current in
alkaline secondary cell and battery
standards
IEC 61982 ®
Edition 1.0 2012-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
Secondary batteries (except lithium) for the propulsion of electric road
vehicles –
Performance and endurance tests
Accumulateurs (excepté lithium) pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers
électriques –
Essais de performance et d’endurance
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX W
ICS 29.220.20 ISBN 978-2-88912-063-5
– 2 – 61982 © IEC:2012
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 5
INTRODUCTION . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 General test requirements . 9
4.1 Accuracy of measuring instruments . 9
4.1.1 Electrical measuring instruments . 9
4.1.2 Temperature measurement . 10
4.1.3 Electrolyte density measurement of vented lead-acid batteries . 10
4.1.4 Tolerance . 10
4.2 General provisions . 10
4.2.1 Current slew rate . 10
4.2.2 Temperature – electrolyte accessible. 10
4.2.3 Temperature – electrolyte not accessible . 11
4.2.4 Electrolyte density readings of vented lead-acid batteries . 11
4.2.5 Mechanical support . 11
4.3 Test samples . 11
4.4 Test temperature . 11
4.4.1 Test temperature for type testing . 11
4.4.2 Operation of BMS . 12
4.5 Charging and rest after charge . 12
4.6 Conditioning . 12
4.7 Test sequence . 12
4.8 Data recording. 12
4.8.1 General . 12
4.8.2 Sampling frequency . 12
5 Rated capacity . 12
5.1 General . 12
5.2 Additional test temperatures . 13
6 Dynamic discharge performance test . 13
6.1 Basic considerations . 13
6.2 Test cycle definition without regenerative charging . 13
6.3 Test cycle definition with regenerative charging . 13
6.4 Definition of dynamic discharge performance . 14
6.4.1 Test cycle without regenerative charging . 14
6.4.2 Test cycle with regenerative charging . 14
7 Dynamic endurance test . 14
7.1 Basic considerations . 14
7.2 Test conditions . 14
7.3 Test cycle without regenerative charging . 14
7.4 Test cycle with regenerative charging . 14
7.5 Endurance test . 14
7.5.1 Charge conditions. 14
7.5.2 Rest after charge . 15
61982 © IEC:2012 – 3 –
7.5.3 Discharge . 15
7.5.4 Cycling frequency . 15
7.5.5 Capacity check . 15
7.5.6 Reconditioning. 15
7.5.7 End-of-life criterion . 15
7.5.8 Recording . 15
8 Performance testing for battery systems . 15
8.1 General . 15
8.2 Initial assumptions. 15
8.3 Reference test cycle . 16
8.3.1 Basic current discharge micro-cycle . 16
8.3.2 Adjustment for vehicle performance, if required . 16
8.3.3 Battery selection and preparation for test . 16
8.4 General test conditions . 17
8.4.1 General . 17
8.4.2 Determination of battery energy content . 17
8.4.3 Benchmark energy content . 17
8.5 Life testing . 17
8.6 Determination of maximum power and battery resistance . 18
8.7 Charging tests . 19
8.7.1 Charge efficiency . 19
8.7.2 Partial discharge testing . 19
8.7.3 Measurement of self discharge . 20
8.8 Operational extremes of use . 20
8.8.1 Continuous discharge at maximum vehicle system power . 20
8.8.2 Recharge at maximum regenerative power as a function of state of
charge . 20
Annex A (normative) Test procedures for Ni-MH batteries used for the propulsion of
hybrid electric vehicles . 24
Bibliography . 39
Figure 1 – Test profile without regenerative charging . 21
Figure 2 – Test profile with regenerative charging . 21
Figure A.1 – Example of temperature measurement of cell . 25
Figure A.2 – Examples of maximum dimension of cell . 26
Figure A.3 – Test order of the current-voltage characteristic test (test example with
batteries of rated capacity less than 20 Ah) . 30
Figure A.4 – The method to obtain discharge current I while calculating the power
d
density . 31
Figure A.5 – Method to obtain charge current I while calculating regenerative power
c
density . 32
Figure A.6 – Method to obtain the internal resistance on the output side . 34
Figure A.7 – Method to obtain the internal resistance on the input side . 34
Figure A.8 – Current profile for HEV cycle test . 36
Figure A.9 – Power profile for HEV cycle test . 36
Table 1 – List of parameters for test conditions . 22
Table 2 – List of charge/discharge parameters . 22
– 4 – 61982 © IEC:2012
Table 3 – List of DST values for one micro-cycle, where the peak power is 24 kW . 22
Table 4 – List of DST values for one micro-cycle, adapted for a high performance
vehicle . 23
Table A.1 – Battery temperature and rest period prior to the test . 24
Table A.2 – Discharge current at the battery temperature 25 °C . 27
Table A.3 – Discharge current at the battery temperatures –20 °C, 0 °C and 45 °C . 27
Table A.4 – End-of-discharge voltage . 27
Table A.5 – Charge and discharge current at the battery temperatures 0 °C, 25 °C, and
45 °C . 30
Table A.6 – Charge and discharge current at the battery temperature – 20 °C . 30
Table A.7 – Current profile for HEV cycle test . 37
Table A.8 – Power profile for HEV cycle test . 38
61982 © IEC:2012 – 5 –
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SECONDARY BATTERIES (EXCEPT LITHIUM) FOR
THE PROPULSION OF ELECTRIC ROAD VEHICLES –
Performance and endurance tests
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in
addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and expenses
arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 61982 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 21:
Secondary cells and batteries.
This first edition cancels and replaces the IEC 61982-1:2006, the IEC 61982-2:2002 and the
IEC 61982-3: 2001. It constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC 61982-1,
IEC 61982-2 and IEC 61982-3:
– clarification of the scope;
– update of some tests, and
– addition of the Annex A dealing with NiMh batteries for the propulsion of hybrid electric
vehicules.
– 6 – 61982 © IEC:2012
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
21/775/FDIS 21/782/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to
the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
61982 © IEC:2012 – 7 –
INTRODUCTION
The first edition of IEC 61982 series was composed of the following three parts:
IEC 61982-1:2006, Secondary batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicles – Part 1:Test
parameters
IEC 61982-2:2002, Secondary batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicles –
Part 2:Dynamic discharge performance test and dynamic endurance test
IEC 61982-3:2001, Secondary batteries for the propulsion of electric road vehicles – Part 3:
Performance and life testing (traffic compatible, urban use vehicles)
The current standard IEC 61982:2012 replaces the former IEC 61982 series above.
In terms of lithium ion batteries for automobile application, the following standards are
applicable:
IEC 62660-1:2010, Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles –
Part 1: Performance testing
IEC 62660-2:2010, Secondary lithium-ion cells for the propulsion of electric road vehicles –
Part 2: Reliability and abuse testing
ISO 12405-1:2011, Electrically propelled road vehicles – Test specification for lithium-ion
traction battery packs and systems – Part 1: High-power applications
ISO 12405-2:2011, Electrically propelled road vehicles – Test specification for lithium-Ion
traction battery systems – Part 2:High energy applications (to be published)
– 8 – 61982 © IEC:2012
SECONDARY BATTERIES (EXCEPT LITHIUM) FOR
THE PROPULSION OF ELECTRIC ROAD VEHICLES –
Performance and endurance tests
1 Scope
This International Standard is applicable to performance and endurance tests for secondary
batteries used for vehicle propulsion applications. Its objective is to specify certain essential
characteristics of cells, batteries, monoblocks, modules and battery systems used for propulsion
of electric road vehicles, including hybrid electric vehicles, together with the relevant test
methods for their specification.
The tests may be used specifically to test batteries developed for use in vehicles such as
passenger vehicles, motor cycles, commercial vehicles, etc. This standard is not applicable to
battery systems for specialist vehicles such as public transport vehicles, refuse collection
vehicles or heavy duty vehicles, where the battery is used in the similar way to the industrial
vehicles.
The test procedures are defined as a function of the vehicle requirements of performance.
This standard is applicable to lead-acid batteries, Ni/Cd batteries, Ni/MH batteries and sodium
based batteries used in electric road vehicles.
Annex A specifies performance and cycle life test procedures of Ni/MH batteries used for the
propulsion of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV).
NOTE This standard is not applicable to lithium-ion batteries for automobile application that are specified in
IEC 62660-1, IEC 62660-2, ISO 12405-1 and ISO 12405-2 (to be published).
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and
are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments)
applies.
IEC 60050-482:2004, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary (IEV) – Part 482: Primary and
secondary cells and batteries
IEC 61434, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes –
Guide to designation of current in alkaline secondary cell and battery standards
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions and those given in IEC 60050-482,
as well as the following apply.
3.1
battery system
energy storage device that includes cells or cell assemblies or battery pack(s) as well as
electrical circuits and electronics
61982 © IEC:2012 – 9 –
EXAMPLES Battery control unit, contactors.
Note 1 to entry Battery system components can also be distributed in different devices within the vehicle.
3.2
benchmark energy content
the battery energy content measured during the reference test cycle and used as the reference
value to assess the battery deterioration during its life
3.3
nominal voltage
numerical value of the voltage of a cell, dependent on the electrochemical system. The cell
voltage is the voltage of the test unit divided by the number of cells
Note 1 to entry The symbol used for the nominal voltage of a cell is “U (V)”.
n
Note 2 to entry Nominal voltages are given in Table 1.
3.4
type testing
test that measures the performance of the product under closely controlled conditions, largely
free from environmental and self-generated influences
3.5
rated capacity
quantity of electricity which a fully charged cell or battery can deliver, when discharged at a
constant current I to a final voltage U over a period of n hours and at a specified temperature
n f
Note 1 to entry The rated capacity C of a cell or battery is declared by the manufacturer.
n
3.6
ambient reference temperature
temperature of 25 °C ± 2 K
4 General test requirements
4.1 Accuracy of measuring instruments
4.1.1 Electrical measuring instruments
4.1.1.1 Range of measuring devices
The instruments used shall enable the values of voltage and current to be correctly measured.
The range of these instruments and measuring methods shall be chosen so as to ensure the
accuracy specified for each test. For analogue instruments, this implies that the readings shall
be taken in the last third of the graduated scale.
Any other measuring instruments may be used provided they give an equivalent accuracy.
4.1.1.2 Voltage measurement
The instruments used for voltage measurement shall be voltmeters of an accuracy class equal to
0,5 or better. The resistance of the voltmeters used shall be at least 1 000 Ω/V (see IEC 60051
series).
4.1.1.3 Current measurement
The instruments used for current measurement shall be ammeters of an accuracy class equal to
0,5 or better. The entire assembly of ammeter, shunt and leads shall be of an accuracy class of
0,5 or better (see IEC 60051 series or refer to IEC 60359).
– 10 – 61982 © IEC:2012
4.1.2 Temperature measurement
The temperature measuring instruments shall have a suitable range in which the value of each
graduated division is not in excess of 1 K. The absolute accuracy of the instrument shall be at
least 0,5 K.
The temperature measuring point shall be that specified by the manufacturer, as a location that
most closely reflects the electrolyte temperature or if not specified, the point shall be at the
centre of the longer side of a cell, be it a single cell or a cell that is an integral part of a monobloc.
In case of battery system that includes a thermal management system, or when cells are not
directly accessible for temperature measurement, the temperature can be measured by the
battery management system (BMS) supplied by the manufacturer.
4.1.3 Electrolyte density measurement of vented lead-acid batteries
For measuring electrolyte densities, hydrometers shall be used with scales so graduated, that
the value of each division is not in excess of 5 kg/m . The absolute accuracy of the instrument
shall be at least 5 kg/m .
4.1.4 Tolerance
The overall accuracy of controlled or measured values, relative to the specified or actual values,
shall be within these tolerances:
a) ± 1 % for voltage;
b) ± 1 % for current;
c) ± 2 % for power;
d) ± 2 K for temperature;
e) ± 0,1 % for time;
f) ± 0,1 % for dimensions;
g) ± 0,1 % for mass.
These tolerances comprise the combined accuracy of the measuring instruments, the
measurement technique used, and all other sources of error in the test procedure.
4.2 General provisions
4.2.1 Current slew rate
The current slew rate (the time difference expressed in seconds between one steady current and
the next) during the dynamic tests shall be ≤ 1 s from one steady state to the next.
Switching between power levels in the micro-cycle shall be timed such that the mid-point of the
transition occurs at the point allocated for the transition.
The total duration of each complete micro-cycle shall be 360 s ± 1 s.
4.2.2 Temperature – electrolyte accessible
The cell temperature shall be measured by use of a temperature probe immersed in the
electrolyte above the plates.
61982 © IEC:2012 – 11 –
4.2.3 Temperature – electrolyte not accessible
The cell temperature shall be measured by use of a surface temperature-measuring device. The
temperature shall be measured at a location, which most closely reflects the electrolyte
temperature.
4.2.4 Electrolyte density readings of vented lead-acid batteries
Because of the varying rates of stabilization of cells, electrolyte density readings shall be taken
at times most appropriate to the test sample but within the constraints of the test system.
4.2.5 Mechanical support
If necessary, mechanical support should be provided for the test samples in order to maintain
the same dimensions as when installed in batteries, as specified by manufacturer.
4.3 Test samples
Cells constituting the test unit and subjected to a dynamic discharge performance test or a
dynamic endurance test shall previously have achieved an actual capacity at least equal to the
rated capacity.
The number of test samples required to be subjected to each test condition shall be a minimum
of 5 cells and where monoblocs are tested, there shall be a minimum of two test samples.
Where applications tests are conducted on a battery specific to a particular vehicle, a complete
battery or a representative section of the battery may be used, agreed between the battery
manufacturers and vehicle manufacturers.
4.4 Test temperature
4.4.1 Test temperature for type testing
4.4.1.1 For Lead-acid batteries, the battery temperature at the start of the discharge should be
the specified test temperature ± 5K.
Where the cell temperature at the commencement of discharge (initial temperature) is different
from the reference temperature and where this has a significant effect on the result, an
appropriate correction factor shall be applied to the resulting capacity.
The following formula can be used to correct capacity values to the actual capacity.
C
C = (Ah)
a
1+ λ(t − 25)
where
C is the actual capacity of the test sample at the reference temperature;
a
C is the measured capacity at the initial temperature;
is the initial temperature;
t
λ is the temperature correction factor (see Table 1 for values).
Following discharge, the cells/battery shall be fully charged in accordance with the
manufacturer’s recommendations and then stabilized to the specified test temperature during a
1 h – 4 h period prior to the next discharge.
4.4.1.2 For Ni/MH and Ni/Cd batteries, the battery temperature at the start of the discharge
should be the specified test temperature ± 2 K. For sodium based batteries, the internal
temperature measured by BMS should be in the range recommended by the battery
manufacturer.
– 12 – 61982 © IEC:2012
4.4.2 Operation of BMS
A battery system provided with a BMS shall have this function operational during the test. All
systems shall be powered as specified by the battery manufacturer.
4.5 Charging and rest after charge
The cells shall be charged in accordance with a charging procedure specified by the
manufacturer and within the limits in this standard prior to the discharge test. After charging, the
test sample shall be stored for 1 h to 4 h at the test ambient temperature declared for the test to
be performed.
4.6 Conditioning
Before starting the test, the battery shall be conditioned according to the manufacturer’s
specifications. The battery conditioning shall be terminated as soon as the rated capacity
is achieved. The number of cycles for conditioning shall be less than 20.
4.7 Test sequence
The following tests shall be carried out in the order stated in this standard:
– conditioning (see 4.6),
– dynamic discharge performance test (see Clause 6),
– dynamic endurance test (see Clause 7).
4.8 Data recording
4.8.1 General
Data recording shall include time, temperature, voltage and current and visual observations.
Data shall include a record of any maintenance performed on battery samples during the test
sequence.
4.8.2 Sampling frequency
All parameters should be measured and stored at a sample rate adequate to ensure that all
relevant deviations are recorded for later data analysis. Additionally, for tests involving
short-term transient conditions (e.g. peak power measurement) both the sampling frequency
(typically once per second) and the time difference between corresponding current and voltage
measurements (typically 0,1 s or less) are important during the critical test period.
5 Rated capacity
5.1 General
This test is intended to measure the capacity expressed in Ah of battery, cells/modules when
discharged at a constant current. The rated capacity shall be the 3 h capacity at a temperature
of 25 °C declared by the manufacturer, unless otherwise specified.
The battery shall be discharged at a constant current of:
C (Ah)
n
I ( A ) =
n
3h
to a final voltage of U
f3.
where
I is the constant current in amperes (A);
n
61982 © IEC:2012 – 13 –
C is the rated capacity as declared by the manufacturer, in ampere-hours (Ah);
n
U is the final voltage specified for the battery type in volts (V) (see Table 1).
f3
New batteries subjected to capacity testing are allowed a maximum of 20 cycles to achieve the
rated capacity. The capacity test shall be discontinued at the first cycle at which the rated
capacity is achieved. Batteries that do not achieve the rated capacity by the 20th cycle shall not
be used for testing. Additional capacities considered appropriate for use in connection with road
vehicle applications are the 5 h, 1 h and 0,5 h capacities. The appropriate final voltages for C ,
C and C capacities, i.e. U , U and U are contained in Table 1.
1 0,5 5 1 0,5
NOTE The capacity test for Ni/MH batteries used for the propulsion of HEV is specified in Annex A.
5.2 Additional test temperatures
Where appropriate to the battery type, the following cell/battery test temperatures could provide
a useful profile of performance: 45 °C, 0 °C and –20 °C.
6 Dynamic discharge performance test
6.1 Basic considerations
The objective of this test is to specify the conditions to derive a value for the battery capacity
which is closely related to the available capacity in an electric road vehicle application.
In electric vehicle applications, propulsion batteries shall be capable of supplying widely varying
current rates. The driving profiles can be simplified to high-rate current for acceleration, low-rate
current for constant speed driving and zero current for rest periods. When considering battery
recharging during vehicle braking (regenerative charging), a high-rate recharge pulse is
incorporated in the test profile.
Test temperatures are specified in Table 1.
6.2 Test cycle definition without regenerative charging
The dynamic discharge performance cycle shall be represented by a 60 s repeated micro-cycle
having three current levels:
1) I (A) discharge/10 s;
dh
2) I (A) discharge/20 s;
dl
3) I (A) zero current/30 s.
(see Figure 1 and Table 2)
6.3 Test cycle definition with regenerative charging
The dynamic discharge performance cycle shall be represented by a 60 s repeated micro-cycle
having four current levels:
1) I (A) discharge/10 s;
dh
2) I (A) discharge/20 s;
dl
3) I (A) recharge/5 s;
rc
4) I (A) zero current/25 s.
(see Figure 2 and Table 2)
The manufacturer can prescribe a maximum voltage that shall not be exceeded during the I
rc
pulse.
– 14 – 61982 © IEC:2012
6.4 Definition of dynamic discharge performance
6.4.1 Test cycle without regenerative charging
The dynamic capacity C (measured in ampere-hours (Ah)) is the amount of discharge when
da
cells are discharged according to the repeated cycle described in 6.2 starting with a battery,
charged and stored according to 4.5, to a final discharge voltage of U (V) per cell.
f
6.4.2 Test cycle with regenerative charging
The dynamic capacity C (measured in ampere-hours (Ah)) is the net amount of discharge
dar
(regenerative charge capacity subtracted from the total discharged capacity) when cells are
discharged according to the repeated cycle described in 6.3 starting with a battery, charged and
stored according to 4.5, to a final discharge voltage of U (V) per cell.
f
7 Dynamic endurance test
7.1 Basic considerations
The objective of this test is to determine the number of discharge cycles accumulated until the
actual capacity (C or C ), according to the procedures described below, falls to 80 % of
da dar
the initial capacity when tested according to 6.2 or 6.3.
7.2 Test conditions
The dynamic endurance test shall be carried out with the test unit, preferably partially immersed
in an oil or water bath. The temperature shall be kept within the value defined for the test ± 2 K
and circulation within the bath shall allow for efficient cooling of the cells. Test temperatures are
specified in Table 1.
Where physical constraints prevent the use of liquid coolants, air-cooling may be used. In this
case, and for batteries with an integrated thermal management system, the same test conditions
as in liquid thermal management shall be applied.
During the test, if applicable and necessary, the electrolyte level shall be kept within the limits
recommended by the manufacturer.
7.3 Test cycle without regenerative charging
The dynamic endurance cycle shall be represented by a 60 s repeated micro-cycle as defined in
6.2 (see Figure 1 and Table 2).
The discharge cycle duration shall be fixed to 80 % of the value obtained when the battery was
tested according to 6.2, and assessed according to 6.4.1, prior to the endurance test.
7.4 Test cycle with regenerative charging
The dynamic endurance cycle shall be represented by a 60 s repeated micro-cycle as defined in
6.3 (see Figure 2 and Table 2).
The discharge cycle duration shall be fixed to 80 % of the value obtained when the battery was
tested according to 6.3, and assessed according to 6.4.2, prior to the endurance test.
7.5 Endurance test
7.5.1 Charge conditions
The recharge shall follow within 1 h after the previous discharge. The charge profile, as stated
by the manufacturer, preferably should allow for a full recharge within 8 h.
61982 © IEC:2012 – 15 –
7.5.2 Rest after charge
After the recharge, the battery shall be stored for 1 h to 4 h.
7.5.3 Discharge
The discharge shall be carried out using the test cycle described in 7.3 or 7.4.
7.5.4 Cycling frequency
When possible, the charge and rest periods shall be arranged to allow at least two
charge/discharge cycles per day.
7.5.5 Capacity check
At regular intervals of 50 cycles, a dynamic discharge performance test shall be performed
according to 6.2 or 6.3 to record the capacity development.
7.5.6 Reconditioning
A reconditioning cycle specified by the manufacturer is allowed at intervals of not less than
50 charge/discharge cycles.
7.5.7 End-of-life criterion
The end of life is reached when the capacity falls to 80 % of the capacity obtained when
the battery was tested according to 6.2 or 6.3, prior to the endurance test, or less on
two consecutive cycles.
The endurance test is then considered as completed.
7.5.8 Recording
The following shall be recorded:
– calculated capacity for each discharge cycle;
– cumulative discharge capacity;
– total number of discharge cycles achieved.
8 Performance testing for battery systems
8.1 General
The test procedures of this clause are applicable to battery systems used in battery electric
vehicles.
There are three fundamental tests i.e., tests for energy (range), power (performance), and life.
All other tests ar
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