Series capacitors for power systems - Part 4: Thyristor controlled series capacitors

Reihenkondensatoren für Starkstromanlagen - Teil 4: Thyristorgesteuerte Reihenkondensatoren

Condensateurs série destinés à être installés sur des réseaux - Partie 4: Condensateurs série commandés par thyristors

Zaporedni kondenzatorji za elektroenergetske sisteme - 4. del: Zaporedni kondenzatorji s tiristorskim upravljanjem

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Publication Date
18-Jun-2023
Technical Committee
Drafting Committee
Current Stage
4060 - Enquiry results established and sent to TC, SR, BTTF - Enquiry
Start Date
26-May-2023

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN IEC 60143-4:2022
01-februar-2022
Zaporedni kondenzatorji za elektroenergetske sisteme - 4. del: Zaporedni
kondenzatorji s tiristorskim upravljanjem

Series capacitors for power systems - Part 4: Thyristor controlled series capacitors

Reihenkondensatoren für Starkstromanlagen - Teil 4: Thyristorgesteuerte
Reihenkondensatoren

Condensateurs série destinés à être installés sur des réseaux - Partie 4: Condensateurs

série commandés par thyristors
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN IEC 60143-4:2021
ICS:
29.240.99 Druga oprema v zvezi z Other equipment related to
omrežji za prenos in power transmission and
distribucijo električne energije distribution networks
31.060.70 Močnostni kondenzatorji Power capacitors
oSIST prEN IEC 60143-4:2022 en

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN IEC 60143-4:2022
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oSIST prEN IEC 60143-4:2022
33/666/CDV
COMMITTEE DRAFT FOR VOTE (CDV)
PROJECT NUMBER:
IEC 60143-4 ED2
DATE OF CIRCULATION: CLOSING DATE FOR VOTING:
2021-11-26 2022-02-18
SUPERSEDES DOCUMENTS:
33/652/CD, 33/655A/CC
IEC TC 33 : POWER CAPACITORS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
SECRETARIAT: SECRETARY:
Italy Mr Stefano Zunino
OF INTEREST TO THE FOLLOWING COMMITTEES: PROPOSED HORIZONTAL STANDARD:
SC 22F
Other TC/SCs are requested to indicate their interest, if
any, in this CDV to the secretary.
FUNCTIONS CONCERNED:
EMC ENVIRONMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE SAFETY

SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING NOT SUBMITTED FOR CENELEC PARALLEL VOTING

Attention IEC-CENELEC parallel voting
The attention of IEC National Committees, members of
CENELEC, is drawn to the fact that this Committee Draft
for Vote (CDV) is submitted for parallel voting.
The CENELEC members are invited to vote through the
CENELEC online voting system.

This document is still under study and subject to change. It should not be used for reference purposes.

Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of

which they are aware and to provide supporting documentation.
TITLE:

Series capacitors for power systems - Part 4: Thyristor controlled series capacitors

PROPOSED STABILITY DATE: 2025
NOTE FROM TC/SC OFFICERS:

Copyright © 2021 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC. All rights reserved. It is permitted to

download this electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National

Committee positions. You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it,

for any other purpose without permission in writing from IEC.
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1 CONTENTS

2 FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................... 4

3 1 Scope ............................................................................................................................... 6

4 2 Normative references ....................................................................................................... 6

5 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations ................................................................................ 7

6 3.1 Abbreviations .......................................................................................................... 7

7 3.2 Terms and definitions .............................................................................................. 7

8 4 Operating and rating considerations ............................................................................... 11

9 4.1 General ................................................................................................................. 11

10 4.2 TCSC characteristics ............................................................................................. 14

11 4.3 Operating range .................................................................................................... 15

12 4.4 Reactive power rating ............................................................................................ 16

13 4.5 Power oscillation damping (POD) .......................................................................... 16

14 4.6 SSR mitigation ...................................................................................................... 16

15 4.7 Harmonics ............................................................................................................. 17

16 4.8 Control interactions between TCSCs in parallel lines ............................................. 17

17 4.9 Operating range, overvoltages and duty cycles ..................................................... 17

18 4.9.1 Operating range ........................................................................................ 17

19 4.9.2 Transient overvoltages .............................................................................. 17

20 4.9.3 Duty cycles ................................................................................................ 17

21 5 Valve control .................................................................................................................. 18

22 5.1 Triggering system .................................................................................................. 18

23 5.2 System aspects ..................................................................................................... 19

24 5.3 Normal operating conditions .................................................................................. 19

25 5.4 Valve firing during system faults ............................................................................ 20

26 5.5 Actions at low line current ..................................................................................... 20

27 5.6 Monitoring ............................................................................................................. 20

28 6 Ratings ........................................................................................................................... 20

29 6.1 Capacitor rating ..................................................................................................... 20

30 6.2 Reactor rating ....................................................................................................... 21

31 6.3 Thyristor valve rating ............................................................................................. 21

32 6.3.1 Current capability ...................................................................................... 21

33 6.3.2 Voltage capability ...................................................................................... 22

34 6.4 Varistor rating ....................................................................................................... 24

35 6.5 Insulation level and creepage distance .................................................................. 24

36 7 Tests .............................................................................................................................. 24

37 7.1 Test of the capacitor .............................................................................................. 25

38 7.1.1 Routine tests ............................................................................................. 25

39 7.1.2 Type tests ................................................................................................. 25

40 7.1.3 Special test (endurance test) ..................................................................... 26

41 7.2 Tests of the TCSC reactor ..................................................................................... 26

42 7.2.1 Routine tests ............................................................................................. 26

43 7.2.2 Type tests ................................................................................................. 26

44 7.2.3 Special tests .............................................................................................. 26

45 7.3 Tests of thyristor valves ........................................................................................ 27

46 7.3.1 Routine tests ............................................................................................. 27

47 7.3.2 Type tests ................................................................................................. 27

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48 7.4 Tests of protection and control system .................................................................. 27

49 7.4.1 Routine tests ............................................................................................. 28

50 7.4.2 Type tests ................................................................................................. 28

51 7.4.3 Special tests .............................................................................................. 29

52 8 Guidance for selection of rating and operation ................................................................ 29

53 8.1 General ................................................................................................................. 29

54 8.2 Thyristor controlled series capacitor ...................................................................... 31

55 8.2.1 AC transmission system ............................................................................ 31

56 8.2.2 TCSC operational objectives ..................................................................... 31

57 8.2.3 TCSC ratings ............................................................................................. 32

58 8.3 Thyristor valves ..................................................................................................... 33

59 8.4 Capacitors and reactors ........................................................................................ 33

60 8.4.1 Capacitor considerations ........................................................................... 34

61 8.4.2 Reactor considerations .............................................................................. 34

62 8.5 Fault duty cycles for varistor rating ........................................................................ 34

63 8.6 Valve cooling system ............................................................................................. 35

64 8.7 TCSC control and protection ................................................................................. 36

65 8.7.1 Control ...................................................................................................... 36

66 8.7.2 Protection .................................................................................................. 38

67 8.7.3 Monitoring and recording ........................................................................... 39

68 8.8 Precommissioning and commissioning tests .......................................................... 39

69 8.8.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 39

70 8.8.2 Precommissioning tests ............................................................................. 40

71 8.8.3 Station tests .............................................................................................. 40

72 8.8.4 Commissioning (field) tests ........................................................................ 40

73 Bibliography ........................................................................................................................ 42

75 Figure 1 – Typical nomenclature of a TCSC installation ........................................................ 12

76 Figure 2 – TCSC subsegment ............................................................................................... 13

77 Figure 3 – TCSC steady state waveforms for control angle α and conduction interval σ ........ 14

78 Figure 4 – TCSC power frequency steady state reactance characteristics according to

79 Equation (1) with λ = 2,5 ....................................................................................................... 15

80 Figure 5 – Example of TCSC operating range for POD (left) and SSR mitigation (right) ........ 15

81 Figure 6 – Valve base electronics (VBE) ............................................................................... 18

82 Figure 7 – Valve electronics (VE) .......................................................................................... 19

83 Figure 8 – Thyristor valve voltage in a TCSC ........................................................................ 23

84 Figure 9 – Typical block diagram of a real time TCSC protection- and control system

85 simulation environment ......................................................................................................... 29

86 Figure 10 – Example of operating range diagram for TCSC ................................................... 32

88 Table 1 – Peak and RMS voltage relationships ..................................................................... 13

89 Table 2 – Typical external fault duty cycle with unsuccessful high speed auto-reclosing ....... 34

90 Table 3 – Typical duty cycle for internal fault with successful high speed auto-reclosing ....... 34

91 Table 4 – Typical duty cycle for internal fault with unsuccessful high speed auto-

92 reclosing ............................................................................................................................... 35

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95 INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
96 ____________
98 SERIES CAPACITORS FOR POWER SYSTEMS –
100 Part 4: Thyristor controlled series capacitors
101
102
103 FOREWORD

104 1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardiza tion comprising

105 all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international

106 co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and

107 in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,

108 Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their

109 preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with

110 may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising

111 with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for

112 Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.

113 2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an inter national

114 consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all

115 interested IEC National Committees.

116 3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National

117 Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC

118 Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any

119 misinterpretation by any end user.

120 4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications

121 transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between

122 any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.

123 5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity

124 assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any

125 services carried out by independent certification bodies.

126 6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.

127 7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and

128 members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or

129 other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees ) and

130 expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC

131 Publications.

132 8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is

133 indispensable for the correct application of this publication.

134 9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent

135 rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

136 International Standard IEC 60143-4 has been prepared by IEC technical committee 33: Power

137 capacitors and their applications.

138 This part of IEC 60143 is to be used in conjunction with the following standards:

139 – IEC 60143-1:2015, Series capacitors for power systems – Part 1: General

140 – IEC 60143-2:2012, Series capacitors for power systems – Part 2: Protective equipment for

141 series capacitor banks

142 – IEC 60143-3:2015, Series capacitors for power systems – Part 3: Internal fuses

143
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144 This draft was written based on the current standard IEC 60143-4 ED 1.0; changes compared

145 with the aforesaid document are highlighted in red. Further changes compared to 33/652/CD

146 are highlighted in light blue.

147 A list of all parts of IEC 60143 series, under the general title Series capacitors for power

148 systems can be found on the iec website.

149 NOTE This standard contains excerpts reproduced from IEEE Std 1534-2002. IEEE Std 1534-2002 IEEE

150 Recommended Practice for Specifying Thyristor-Controlled Series Capacitors. Reprinted with permission from IEEE,

151 3 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5997 USA, Copyright 2002 IEEE.

152 The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until the

153 stability date indicated on the IEC web site under "http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to

154 the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
155 • reconfirmed,
156 • withdrawn,
157 • replaced by a revised edition, or
158 • amended.
159

IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates

that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding

of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.

160
161
162
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163 SERIES CAPACITORS FOR POWER SYSTEMS –
164
165 Part 4: Thyristor controlled series capacitors
166
167
168
169 1 Scope

170 This part of IEC 60143 specifies testing of thyristor controlled series capacitor (TCSC)

171 installations used in series with transmission lines. This standard also addresses issues that

172 consider ratings for TCSC thyristor valve assemblies, capacitors, and reactors as well as TCSC

173 control characteristics, protective features, cooling system and system operation.

174 2 Normative references

175 The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of th is document. For

176 dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of

177 the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.

178 NOTE If there is a conflict between this part of IEC 60143 and a standard listed below in Clause 2, this standard

179 prevails.

180 IEC 60050-436, International Electrotechnical Vocabulary – Chapter 436: Power capacitors

181 IEC 60060-1, High-voltage test techniques – Part 1: General definitions and test requirements

182 IEC 60068-1, Environmental Testing – Part 1: General and guidance

183 IEC 60068-2-2, Basic environmental testing procedures – Part 2-2: Tests – Tests B: Dry heat

184 IEC 60068-2-78, Basic environmental testing procedures – Part 2-78: Tests – Tests C: Damp

185 heat, steady state

186 IEC 60071-1, Insulation co-ordination – Part 1: Definitions, principles and rules

187 IEC 60071-2, Insulation co-ordination – Part 2: Application guide
188 IEC 60076-1, Power transformers – Part 1: General
189 IEC 60076-6:2007, Power transformers – Part 6: Reactors
190 IEC 60143-1:2015, Series capacitors for power systems – Part 1: General

191 IEC 60143-2:2012, Series capacitors for power systems – Part 2: Protective equipment for

192 series capacitor banks

193 IEC 60143-3:2015, Series capacitors for power systems – Part 3: Internal fuses

194 IEC 60255-5, Electrical relays – Part 5: Insulation coordination for measuring relays and

195 protection equipment – Requirements and tests

196 IEC 60255-21 (all parts), Electrical relays – Vibration, shock, bump and seismic tests on

197 measuring relays and protection equipment
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198 IEC 61000-4-29, Electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) – Part 4-29: Testing and measurement

199 techniques – Voltage dips, short interruptions and voltage variations on d.c. input port immunity

200 tests

201 IEC 62823:2015, Thyristor valves for thyristor controlled series capacitors (TCSC) – Electrical

202 testing

203 NOTE Additional useful references, not explicitly referenced in the text, are listed in the Bibliography.

204 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviations

205 For the purposes of this document, the following terms, definitions and abbreviations as well as

206 those given in IEC 60143-1, IEC 60143-2, IEC 60143-3 and some taken from IEC 60050-436

207 apply.

208 NOTE In some instances, the IEC definitions may be either too broad or too restrictive. In such a case, an additional

209 definition or note has been included.
210 3.1 Abbreviations
ETT Electrically triggered thyristors
FACTS Flexible ac transmission systems
FSC Fixed series compensation
LTT Light-triggered thyristors
MC Master control
MTBF Mean time between failure
MTTR Mean time to repair
POD Power oscillation damping
RAM Reliability, availability, and maintainability
RIV Radio influence voltage
RTU Remote terminal unit
SCADA Supervisory control and data acquisition
ER Events recorder
FR Fault recorder
RTDS Real time digital simulation
SSR Sub synchronous resonance
SVC Static var compensator
TCR Thyristor-controlled reactor
RMS Root-mean-square
BLK Blocked (mode of operation)
BP Bypass (mode of operation)
CAP Capacitive boost (mode of operation)
HMI Human Machine Interface
211
212 3.2 Terms and definitions
213 3.2.1
214 thyristor valve

215 electrically combined assembly of thyristor levels, complete with all connections, auxiliary

216 components and mechanical structures, which can be connected in series with each phase of

217 the reactor or capacitor of a TCSC
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218 3.2.2
219 bypass current

220 the current flowing through the bypass switch, protective device, thyristor valve, or other

221 devices, in parallel with the series capacitor, when the series capacitor is bypassed

222 3.2.3
223 capacitive range

224 TCSC operation resulting in an effective increase of the power frequency reactance of the series

225 capacitor (See Figure 5)
226 3.2.4
227 temporary overload

228 short duration (typically 30 min) overload capability of the TCSC at rated frequency and ambient

229 temperature range
230 3.2.5
231 dynamic overload

232 short duration (typically 10 s) overload capability of the TCSC at rated frequency and ambient

233 temperature range. (See Figure 5 and Figure 10)
234 3.2.6
235 platform-to-ground cooling/air-handling insulator

236 an insulator that encloses cooling/air handling paths between platform and ground level

237 3.2.7
238 thyristor-controlled series capacitor bank
239 TCSC

240 an assembly of thyristor valves, TCSC reactor(s), capacitors, and associated auxiliaries, such

241 as structures, support insulators, switches, and protective devices, with control equipment

242 required for a complete operating installation
243 3.2.8
244 valve electronics
245 VE
246 electronic circuits at valve potential(s) that perform control functions
247 3.2.9
248 TCSC reactor

249 one or more reactors connected in series with the thyristor valve (see NOTE This figure contains material

250 reproduced from IEEE Std 1534-2002. IEEE Std 1534-2002 IEEE Recommended Practice for Specifying Thyristor-

251 Controlled Series Capacitors, Copyright 2002 IEEE. All rights reserved.
252 Figure 1, item 12)
253 3.2.10
254 valve varistor

255 an assembly of varistor units that limit overvoltages to a given value. In the context of TCSCs,

256 the valve varistor is typically defined by its ability to limit the voltage across a thyristor valve to

257 a specified protective level while absorbing energy. The valve varistor is designed to withstand

258 the temporary overvoltages and continuous operating voltage across the thyristor valve

259 3.2.11
260 valve blocking

261 an operation to prevent further firing of a thyristor valve by inhibiting triggering

262 3.2.12
263 valve deblocking

264 an operation to permit firing of a thyristor valve by removing valve blocking action

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265 3.2.13
266 valve base electronics
267 VBE

268 an electronic unit, at earth potential, which is the interface between the control system of the

269 TCSC and the thyristor valves
270 3.2.14
271 capacitor current
272 I
273 current through the series capacitor (see Figure 2)
274 3.2.15
275 line current
276 I
277 power frequency line current (see Figure 2)
278 3.2.16
279 rated current
280 I

281 the RMS line current (I ) at which the TCSC should be capable of continuous operation with

282 rated reactance (X ) and rated voltage (U )
N N
283 3.2.17
284 valve current
285 I
286 current through the thyristor valve (see Figure 2)
287 3.2.18
288 capacitor voltage
289 U
290 voltage across the TCSC (see Figure 2)
291 3.2.19
292 protective level
293 U

294 magnitude of the maximum peak of the power frequency voltage appearing across the

295 overvoltage protector during a power system fault

296 NOTE The protective level may be expressed in terms of the actual peak voltage across a segment or in terms of

297 the per unit of the peak of the rated voltage across the capacitor.
298 3.2.20
299 rated TCSC voltage
300 U

301 the power frequency voltage across each phase of the TCSC that can be continuously controlled

302 at nominal reactance (X ), rated current (I ), frequency, and reference ambient temperature

N N
303 range
304 3.2.21
305 apparent reactance
306 X(α)

307 TCSC apparent power frequency reactance as a function of thyristor control angle ( α) (see

308 Figure 4)
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309 3.2.22
310 rated frequency
311 f
312 frequency of the system in which the TCSC is intended to be used
313 3.2.23
314 rated capacitance
315 C
316 capacitance value for which the TCSC capacitor has been designed
317 3.2.24
318 physical reactance
319 X

320 the power frequency reactance for each phase of the TCSC bank with thyristors blocked and a

321 capacitor internal dielectric temperature of 20 ˚C; X = 1(2πf C )
C N N
322 3.2.25
323 boostfactor
324 k
325 the ratio of X(α) divided by X ; k = X(α) / X
C B C
326 3.2.26
327 nominal reactance
328 X

329 the nominal power frequency reactance for each phase of the TCSC with rated line I and

330 nominal boost factor
331 3.2.27
332 conduction interval
333 σ

334 that part of a cycle during which a thyristor valve is in the conducting state, σ = 2β (see Figure

335 3)
336 3.2.28
337 control angle
338 α

339 the time expressed in electrical angular measure from the capacitor voltage (U ) zero crossing

340 to the starting of current conduction through the thyristor valve. (see Figure 3)

341 3.2.29
342 internal fault

343 an internal fault is a line fault occurring within the protected line section containing the series

344 capacitor bank
345 3.2.30
346 external fault

347 an external fault is a line fault occurring outside the protected line section containing the series

348 capacitor bank
349
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