ETSI TR 105 174-4 V1.1.1 (2009-10)

Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Broadband Deployment - Energy Efficiency and Key Performance Indicators; Part 4: Access networks

DTR/ATTM-02005-3

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 07-Oct-2009
• Technical Committee: ATTM AT2 - Infrastructure, Physical Networks & Communication Systems
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 09-Oct-2009
• Completion Date: 08-Oct-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 105 174-4 V1.1.1 (2009-10)
Technical Report


Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM);
Broadband Deployment - Energy Efficiency
and Key Performance Indicators;
Part 4: Access networks

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2 ETSI TR 105 174-4 V1.1.1 (2009-10)



Reference
DTR/ATTM-020005-3
Keywords
access, cable, optical, site engineering
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3 ETSI TR 105 174-4 V1.1.1 (2009-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Definitions . 9
3.2 Abbreviations . 10
4 Overview of access network solutions . 12
4.1 Customer access point . 12
4.2 Principal access technologies . 13
4.2.1 Metallic Loop . 13
4.2.2 Other metallic-based solutions . 13
4.2.3 Wireless access . 14
4.2.3.1 General . 14
4.2.3.2 Bluetooth . 14
4.2.3.3 ZigBee . 14
4.2.3.4 WiFi . 14
4.2.3.5 WiMax . 15
4.2.3.6 GSM, GPRS, UMTS and 4G . 15
4.2.3.7 Fixed wireless links . 16
4.2.4 Optical Fibre . 17
4.2.4.1 General discussion . 17
4.2.4.2 Fibre To The Cabinet (FTTC) . 17
4.2.4.3 Fibre to the Building (FTTB) . 19
4.2.4.4 Fibre to the Home (FTTH) . 19
4.2.5 Other access technologies . 19
5 Energy efficiency standards and metrics . 19
5.1 Summary of pre-existing work . 19
5.2 Power requirement metrics and KPI . 20
5.2.1 Background . 20
5.2.2 Suggested metrics . 20
5.2.3 KPI figures . 21
5.3 Power requirements metrics applied to access network solutions . 21
5.3.1 Metallic loop . 21
5.3.2 Other metallic-based access solutions. 22
5.3.3 Wireless access . 22
5.3.3.1 General discussion . 22
5.3.3.2 Bluetooth and Zigbee . 22
5.3.3.3 WiFi . 22
5.3.3.4 WiMax . 22
5.3.3.5 Fixed wireless links . 23
5.3.4 GSM, GPRS, UMTS and 4G . 23
5.3.5 Optical fibre solutions . 23
5.3.5.1 FTTC . 23
5.3.5.2 FTTB . 23
5.3.5.3 FTTH . 24
5.3.6 Summary of power requirement metrics . 24
5.3.6.1 Determination of parameters . 24
5.3.6.1.1 Transmission rate/bitrate . 24
5.3.6.1.2 Distance . 24
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4 ETSI TR 105 174-4 V1.1.1 (2009-10)
5.3.6.1.3 Power requirements . 25
5.3.6.2 Network Configuration Issues . 25
5.3.6.3 Applicability. 25
5.3.6.4 Further development . 26
5.4 Energy Efficiency Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) . 26
5.5 Customer premises networks . 27
6 Increasing the energy efficiency of access networks. 28
6.1 Network Architecture and deployment . 28
6.2 Technology overview . 28
6.3 Targets and actions needed . 29
6.4 Energy saving measures . 30
6.4.1 FTTC . 30
6.4.2 FTTB . 30
6.4.3 CPE and Home equipment . 30
7 Overall Conclusions . 30
Annex A: Table of EEF and NPC values . 32
History . 33

ETSI

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5 ETSI TR 105 174-4 V1.1.1 (2009-10)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Access, Terminals, Transmission and
Multiplexing (ATTM).
The present document is part 4 of a multi-part deliverable. Full details of the entire series can be found in part 1 [i.22].
Introduction
The increasing interaction between the different elements of the Information Communication Technology (ICT) sector
(hardware, middleware, software, services, etc.) supports the concept of convergence in which:
• a variety of multi-service packages can be delivered over a common infrastructure;
• a variety of infrastructures is able to deliver these packages.
• a single multi-service-package may be delivered over several different infrastructures.
As a result of this convergence, the development of new services, applications and content there is an increasing
demand for bandwidth, reliability, quality and performance. The consequent increase in the demand for energy which
implications for cost and, in some cases, availability. It is therefore important to maximize the energy efficiency of
network equipment at all levels.
New technologies and infrastructure strategies are expected to enable operators to decrease the energy consumption, for
a given level of service, of their existing and future infrastructures thus decreasing their costs. This requires a common
understanding among market participants that only standards can produce.
The present document is Part 4 of a multi-part set which has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Access,
Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM) in close collaboration with CENELEC via the Co-ordination Group
on Installations and Cabling (CGIC). The document set offers a contribution to the required standardization process by
establishing an initial basis for work on ICT networks and transmission engineering, with active collaboration from a
number of other ETSI and CENELEC Technical Bodies. When complete, the documents will contain information that
has been jointly evolved to present developments in installations and transmission implementation, and describing their
progress towards energy efficiency in next generation networks (NGN).
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6 ETSI TR 105 174-4 V1.1.1 (2009-10)
The present document analyses the work on Access Networks whilst details of each of the other parts of the document
set can be found in Part 1. Clearly the energy efficiencies of Operator Sites, Data Centres, the Core Networks and
Customer Network Infrastructures are also important in maximizing the end-to-end energy efficiency of broadband
communications and these issues will be covered in other parts of the document set. However, Access Networks differ
from the other network components in that they are likely to include a very large number of locations each consuming a
relatively low amount of energy. Not only do such small installations tend to be inefficient in their power utilization but
when multiplied by their number, their total energy usage becomes considerable. Thus any energy saving which can be
achieved becomes significant when the number of sites is taken into account. At the same time, it is likely that the
energy consumption of the customer-owned equipment connected to the access network is likely to have an energy
demand far in excess of that of the network equipment. This is completely outside the scope of any possible
standardization initiative and can only be influenced by manufacturers minimizing the power requirements of their
products, perhaps under a Code of Conduct.
In order to monitor the implementation and operation of energy efficient broadband deployment, the documents will
also discuss Key Performance Indicators (KPI) for energy efficiency and focus on the possible consequences of
standardization of installations, cabling techniques and equipment. In particular, the study will investigate possibilities
and suggest solutions for development of processes for optimization in installation techniques and energy consumption.
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7 ETSI TR 105 174-4 V1.1.1 (2009-10)
1 Scope
The present document details measures which may be taken to improve the energy efficiency the access networks for
broadband deployment. Clauses 2 and 3 contain references, definitions and abbreviations which relate to this part;
similar information will be included in the corresponding clauses of the other parts, thus ensuring that each document
can be used on a "stand-alone" basis.
Clause 4 of the present document:
• identifies the standardization bodies working on interfaces to, cabling within, installation of, and other aspects
of the communication infrastructures of, access networks;
• outlines some of the principal access network topographies and their differences in respect of energy
consumption;
• provides strategic analysis of energy consumption trends within access networks;
• develops the concept of Key Performance Indicators (KPI), introduced in Part 1 of this multi-part set of
documents, to enable consistent monitoring of energy efficiency;
• outlines further work needed to ensure the improvement of energy efficiency in communication networks.
This will enable the proper implementation of services, applications and content on an energy efficient infrastructure,
though it is not the goal of the present document to provide detailed standardized solutions for network architecture.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
Not applicable.
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8 ETSI TR 105 174-4 V1.1.1 (2009-10)
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ETSI TR 102 530: "Environmental Engineering (EE); The reduction of energy consumption in
telecommunications equipment and related infrastructure".
[i.2] ETSI TS 102 533: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement Methods and limits for Energy
Consumption in Broadband Telecommunication Networks Equipment".
[i.3] "EC Code of Conduct on Energy Consumption of Broadband Equipment".
[i.4] IEEE Standard 802.11: "IEEE Standard for Information technology - Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific
requirements - Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications".
[i.5] IEEE Standard 802.15.1: "IEEE Standard for Information technology - Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific
requirements - Part 15.1: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPAN)".
[i.6] IEEE Standard 802.15.4: "IEEE Standard for Information technology - Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems - Local and metropolitan area networks - Specific
requirements - Part 15.4: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)".
[i.7] IEEE Standard 802.16: "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks - Part 16: Air
Interface for Broadband Wireless Access Systems".
[i.8] ITU-T Recommendation G.983.1 (05/2005): "Broadband optical access systems based on Passive
Optical Networks (PON)".
[i.9] ITU-T Recommendation G.983.2 (01/2007): "ONT management and control interface
specification for B-PON".
[i.10] ITU-T Recommendation G.983.3 (07/2005): "A broadband optical access system with increased
service capability by wavelength allocation".
[i.11] ITU-T Recommendation G.983.4 (01/2005): "A broadband optical access system with increased
service capability using dynamic bandwidth assignment".
[i.12] ITU-T Recommendation G.983.5 (01/2002): "A broadband optical access system with enhanced
survivability".
[i.13] ITU-T Recommendation G.984.1 (03/2008): "Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (GPON):
General characteristics".
[i.14] ITU-T Recommendation G.984.2 (03/2008): "Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (GPON):
Physical Media Dependent (PMD) layer specification".
[i.15] ITU-T Recommendation G.984.3 (01/2002): "Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (GPON):
Transmission convergence layer specification".
[i.16] ITU-T Recommendation G.984.4 (01/2002): "Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (GPON):
ONT management and control interface specification".
[i.17] ITU-T Recommendation G.984.5 (01/2002): "Enhancement band for gigabit capable optical access
networks".
[i.18] ITU-T Recommendation G.984.6 (01/2002): "Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (GPON):
Reach extension".
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9 ETSI TR 105 174-4 V1.1.1 (2009-10)
[i.19] ITU-T Recommendation G.992.1 (03/2003): "Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL)
transceivers - Annex A: Specific requirements for an ADSL system operating in the frequency
band above POTS".
[i.20] ITU-T Recommendation G.992.3 (06/2008): "Asymmetric digital subscriber line transceivers 2
(ADSL2) - Annex J: All digital mode ADSL with improved spectral compatibility with ADSL
over ISDN".
[i.21] ITU-T Recommendation G.992.5 (01/2009): "Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL)
transceivers - Extended bandwidth ADSL2 (ADSL2plus)".
[i.22] ETSI TS 105 174-1: "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Broadband
Deployment - Energy Efficiency and Key Performance Indicators; Part 1: Overview, common and
generic aspects".
[i.23] ETSI TR 105 174-5-1: "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Broadband
Deployment - Energy Efficiency and Key Performance Indicators; Part 5: Customer network
infrastructures; Sub-part 1: Homes (single-tenant)".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
access circuit: telecommunications circuit connecting the operator site to the subscriber's premises
access network: part of the network that is deemed to include the last active component at the relevant operator site and
the first active element at the subscriber's premises
access point: termination point on a telecommunications network allowing access by nomadic devices to obtain
telecommunications services to which they have subscribed elsewhere
active element: network component that requires externally supplied electric power to enable it to perform its network
function
Bluetooth: short range wireless network defined by IEEE Standard 802.15 and usually considered to be part of a
Personal Area Network (PAN)
community network: communications network, usually wireless, established by and for a local community often to
compensate for lack of publicly available access to relevant facilities
customer: person or entity using a telecommunications service and who may or may not be the subscriber
Digital Access Carrier System (DACS): 0+2 pair gain system providing two separate telephone lines over one copper
pair using digital technology
digital radio: any wireless link system in which the information carried is encoded in any one of a variety of digital
formats
Digital Subscribers Line (xDSL): access circuit over which information is carried in a digital format and where the
upstream and downstream transmission rates may be the symmetrical (SDSL) or asymmetrical (ADSL)
energy consumption: measure of the energy consumed by the operation of the electronic devices necessary to provide
a specific communications service
enterprise network: network established by a large company or similar enterprise to serve its internal
telecommunications needs with connectivity to one or more public networks
Ethernet: frame-based local area networking technology standardized as IEEE 802.3
fibre to the cabinet: optical fibre distribution network providing connectivity from the network operator's site to a
shared distribution node close to the end-user's premises
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10 ETSI TR 105 174-4 V1.1.1 (2009-10)
firewall: security measure designed to prevent unauthorized electronic access to a networked computer system
flexibility point: device in the access network where access circuits can be configured to their intended destination by
cross connecting metallic pairs
games console: electronic device on which one or more games may be played and which is often capable of being
connected to a communications network
home network: network that supports and distributes within the home, those services to which a customer subscribes
hotspot: location that offers publicly accessible internet access over a wireless connection
Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band: band of radio frequencies allocated for use for industrial, scientific
and medical purposes
intrusion detection system: mechanism by which any attempt by an unauthorized user or terminal to gain access to a
communications network is detected
meshed network: communications network, usually wireless, in which every node has connectivity with a number of
other nodes thus enabling a variety of possible communication paths between nodes
mobile phone: terminal device capable of voice (and often data) communications which operates using one or more
types of publicly available wireless communications systems
network gateway: device which will enable the interconnecting of two networks which inherently use different and
incompatible protocols
packet: information block identified by a label at layer 3 of the OSI reference model
peripheral: peripheral is a device attached to a host computer whose primary functionality is dependent upon the host,
and which expands the host's capabilities, but is not part of the core architecture of the system
point-to-multi-point: communications link operating between a network operator's site and a number of other locations
point-to-point: communications link operati
...