ETSI TR 102 398 V1.4.1 (2018-11)

Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Digital Mobile Radio (DMR) General System Design

RTR/ERM-TGDMR-322

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 22-Nov-2018
• Technical Committee: ERM TGDMR - Digital Mobile Radio
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 05-Dec-2018
• Completion Date: 23-Nov-2018

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL REPORT
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Digital Mobile Radio (DMR)
General System Design
2 ETSI TR 102 398 V1.4.1 (2018-11)

Reference
RTR/ERM-TGDMR-307
Keywords
digital, PMR, radio
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3 ETSI TR 102 398 V1.4.1 (2018-11)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
Modal verbs terminology . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 8
2 References . 8
2.1 Normative references . 8
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 13
3.3 Abbreviations . 13
4 Overview of DMR . 16
5 Over-the-air protocol summary . 18
5.0 General . 18
5.1 Over-the-air protocol description . 19
5.1.0 General . 19
5.1.1 Signalling advantages . 20
5.1.2 6,25 kHz equivalence . 21
5.1.3 The vocoder . 21
5.1.4 Radiated power and range . 21
5.2 Frequency considerations . 22
5.3 DMR Burst and frame structure . 24
5.4 Frame synchronization . 26
5.5 Basic channel types . 28
5.5.1 Traffic channel with CACH . 28
5.5.2 Traffic channel with guard time . 28
5.5.3 Bi-directional channel . 29
5.5.4 Direct Mode with continuous transmission . 29
5.5.5 TDMA direct mode timing . 30
5.6 Channel access . 30
6 DMR services . 31
6.0 General . 31
6.1 DMR services overview . 32
6.2 Description of voice services. 32
6.2.1 Individual call service . 32
6.2.2 Group call service . 33
6.2.3 Unaddressed voice call service . 33
6.2.4 All Call Voice service . 33
6.2.5 Broadcast Call Voice service . 33
6.3 Description of data services. 34
6.3.1 IP over PDP . 34
6.3.2 Short Data Services over PDP . 34
6.3.2.0 General . 34
6.3.2.1 Short Data over PDP - Status/Precoded . 34
6.3.2.2 Short Data over PDP - Raw Data . 34
6.3.2.3 Short Data over PDP - Defined Data . 34
6.3.3 Data Services using the Alternate Control Channel Slot (TSCCAS) . 35
7 DMR data services . 35
7.0 General . 35
7.1 The Packet Data Protocol (PDP) . 35
7.2 Internet Protocol over PDP . 36
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4 ETSI TR 102 398 V1.4.1 (2018-11)
7.2.0 General . 36
7.2.1 IPv6 transport over PDP . 37
7.3 Short Data Services over PDP . 37
8 Trunking (DMR tier III) . 38
8.0 General . 38
8.1 Introduction . 39
8.2 Feature set . 40
8.3 Single Site/Wide Area . 41
8.4 MS location and registration . 42
8.5 Power Save . 43
8.6 Security features . 43
8.7 MS management from the system . 43
8.8 Physical link organization . 43
8.8.0 General . 43
8.8.1 Radio frequency allocation . 43
8.8.2 Colour Code . 44
8.9 Unified Data Transport mechanism (UDT) . 44
8.10 Tier III frame structure . 44
8.10.0 General . 44
8.10.1 TSCC structure . 45
8.10.2 Payload channel structure . 45
8.10.3 Random access . 45
8.11 Tier III user services . 46
8.11.0 General . 46
8.11.1 MS initiating calls . 46
8.11.2 MS receiving calls . 46
8.11.2.0 General . 46
8.11.2.1 MS receiving individual calls . 47
8.11.2.2 MS receiving calls to talkgroups . 47
8.11.3 Some Examples of Tier III calls . 47
8.11.3.0 General . 47
8.11.3.1 An individual MS/MS voice call example . 47
8.11.3.2 An MS calls a talkgroup example . 48
8.11.3.2.0 General . 48
8.11.3.2.1 Talkgroup Subscription and Attachment . 49
8.11.3.2.1.0 General . 49
8.11.3.2.1.1 Talkgroup Subscription . 49
8.11.3.2.1.2 Talkgroup Attachment . 49
8.11.3.3 A Call to the PSTN (PABX) example . 49
8.11.3.4 A short data call example . 49
8.12 The use of the CACH . 50
8.12.0 General . 50
8.12.1 System identity code subset . 50
8.12.2 Reg bit . 50
8.12.3 Common Slot Counter . 51
9 Numbering and dialling plan . 51
9.0 General . 51
9.1 Non-Fleet based Dialling . 53
9.1.0 General . 53
9.1.1 Abbreviated dialling . 53
9.1.2 The concept of the wildcard character . 53
9.1.3 Gateway calls . 54
9.1.4 Call modifiers . 54
9.2 Fleet based Dialling . 54
9.2.0 General . 54
9.2.1 Fleet Individual Identity . 54
9.2.2 Fleet Group Identity . 55
9.2.3 Calls to Dispatchers . 55
9.2.4 Call modifiers . 55
10 Network design and management . 55
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5 ETSI TR 102 398 V1.4.1 (2018-11)
10.0 General . 55
10.1 General issues for DMR tier III networks . 56
10.2 Network design process . 56
10.2.1 Performance analysis . 56
10.2.1.0 General . 56
10.2.1.1 Grade of service . 56
10.2.1.2 Channel hold time . 56
10.2.1.3 Performance results . 56
10.2.2 Traffic estimate . 57
10.2.3 Network radio environment . 58
10.3 Network management . 58
10.4 Features . 59
10.5 General recommendations (for all DMR tiers) . 59
10.6 Using network management as a tool (all DMR tiers) . 59
10.7 Network management functions (all DMR tiers) . 60
Annex A: Power save for DMR tier III systems . 61
A.0 General . 61
A.1 Wake up based power save . 61
A.1.1 Introduction . 61
A.1.2 Expected improvement from power save . 63
A.1.2.0 General . 63
A.1.2.1 Analysis of voice and packet data . 64
A.1.2.2 Analysis of short data . 65
A.2 Synchronized power save operation . 65
A.2.0 General . 65
A.2.1 Use of the timers . 66
A.2.2 Power save for a single Talkgroup . 68
A.2.3 Power save for multiple Talkgroups . 68
Annex B: DMR tier III channel access . 69
B.0 General . 69
B.1 Withdrawing slots . 69
B.2 Maintaining optimum throughput . 70
B.2.0 General . 70
B.2.1 Mask and service function . 70
B.2.2 Random backoff . 70
B.3 Characteristics of DMR tier III random access . 71
Annex C: DMR protocol architecture . 74
C.1 Introduction . 74
C.1.0 General . 74
C.1.1 Air Interface physical layer (layer 1) . 74
C.1.2 Air Interface Data Link Layer (layer 2) . 75
C.1.3 Air Interface Call Control Layer (layer 3) . 75
Annex D: Power Control . 76
D.1 Introduction . 76
D.2 Closed Loop Power Control . 76
History . 77

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6 ETSI TR 102 398 V1.4.1 (2018-11)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The present document has been produced to provide an introduction to DMR for potential system purchasers, network
operators and service users.
It is in relation to multi-part ETSI TS 102 361 [i.1] to [i.4] covering the technical requirements for Digital Mobile Radio
(DMR), as identified below:
Part 1: "DMR Air Interface (AI) protocol";
Part 2: "DMR voice and generic services and facilities";
Part 3: "DMR Data protocol";
Part 4: "DMR trunking protocol".
It provides an overview, a description on the DMR services and facilities, technical background and radio aspects,
protocol and service performance, and guidance on numbering and addressing.
It should be understood that, as in all standard setting activities, there is an inherent conflict between the wish to have as
broad a standard as possible and at the same time wanting to have as much of that broad standard available and
implemented right from the beginning. Potential system purchasers, network operators and service users should make
sure they influence the suppliers to have their required functionality available when they need it.
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7 ETSI TR 102 398 V1.4.1 (2018-11)
Equipment manufacturers will use the broad flexibility provided within the standard to develop and implement systems
in various ways, and still be conforming according to the standard. This broad availability of systems, each optimized
around certain features and functionalities, needs to be carefully analysed by a network operator and system user to find
the supplier with a system suited best for their needs.
Clause 5 provides an overview of the DMR over-the-air protocol.
Information about DMR services is given in clause 6. In addition, clause 7 contains a summary of the DMR data
services.
Information on DMR trunking is in clause 8 as well as annex A (power save) and annex B (channel access and
throughput).
A short introduction to numbering and addressing is in clause 9.
Information on network design and management is in clause 10.

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8 ETSI TR 102 398 V1.4.1 (2018-11)
1 Scope
The present document is written as a "Read-me-first" manual or "Getting started with DMR". It is not intended to be a
complete guide to the DMR technical specifications. If any conflict is found between the present document and the
clauses in the DMR specifications then the technical specifications in ETSI TS 102 361 (all parts) [i.1] to [i.4] take
precedence.
The aims of the present document are many, for example:
1) to provide the reader with sufficient knowledge to engage in qualified discussions with the equipment and
service suppliers;
2) to expose the reader to the specific language and technical terminology used in the DMR specifications;
3) to enable the reader to understand the flexibility in system design, system network topography, system
availability and various modes of operation;
4) information on radio aspects and network design and management is given.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TS 102 361-1: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Digital
Mobile Radio (DMR) Systems; Part 1: DMR Air Interface (AI) protocol".
[i.2] ETSI TS 102 361-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Digital
Mobile Radio (DMR) Systems; Part 2: DMR voice and generic services and facilities".
[i.3] ETSI TS 102 361-3: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Digital
Mobile Radio (DMR) Systems; Part 3: DMR Data protocol".
[i.4] ETSI TS 102 361-4: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Digital
Mobile Radio (DMR) Systems; Part 4: DMR trunking protocol".
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9 ETSI TR 102 398 V1.4.1 (2018-11)
[i.5] ETSI EN 300 113-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Land
mobile service; Radio equipment intended for the transmission of data (and/or speech) using
constant or non-constant envelope modulation and having an antenna connector;
Part 2: Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
[i.6] ETSI EN 300 390-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Land
mobile service; Radio equipment intended for the transmission of data (and speech) and using an
integral antenna; Part 2: Harmonized EN covering essential requirements under article 3.2 of the
R&TTE Directive".
[i.7] CEPT Recommendation T/R 25-08: "Planning criteria and coordination of frequencies in the Land
Mobile Service in the range 29.7-921 MHz".
[i.8] CEPT ERC Report 25: "The European table of frequency allocations and utilizations covering the
frequency range 9 kHz to 275 GHz".
[i.9] MPT1318: "Engineering Memorandum, Trunked Systems in the Land Mobile Service". February
1986, United Kingdom Department of Trade and Industry.
[i.10] CEPT ECC/DEC/(05)12: "ECC Decision of 28 October 2005 on harmonized frequencies,
technical characteristics, exemption from individual licensing and free carriage and use of digital
PMR 446 applications operating in the frequency band 446,1-446,2 MHz".
[i.11] Draft CEPT ECC Decision (06)06 (WGFM, Cavtat, April 2006): "ECC Decision on the
availability of frequency bands for the introduction of Narrow Band Digital Land Mobile
PMR/PAMR in the 80 MHz, 160 MHz and 400 MHz bands".
[i.12] IEC 61162-1: "Maritime navigation and radiocommunications equipment and systems - Digital
Interfaces - Part 1: Single talker and multiple listeners".
[i.13] IETF RFC 2529: "Transmission of IPv6 over IPv4 Domains without Explicit Tunnels".
[i.14] IETF RFC 3056: "Connection of IPv6 Domains via IPv4 Clouds".
[i.15] IETF RFC 3142: "An IPv6-to-IPv4 Transport Relay Translator".
[i.16] IETF RFC 4213: "Basic Transition Mechanisms for IPv6 Hosts and Routers".
[i.17] "Unicode: technical standards".
NOTE: Available at www.unicode.org.
[i.18] ISO 8859 (parts 1 to 16): "Information technology - 8-bit single-byte coded graphic character
sets".
[i.19] IETF RFC 791: "Internet Protocol".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
1:1-mode: 1 payload channel mode
NOTE: 1:1-mode supports one "MS to fixed end" duplex call or one simplex call with an optional inbound
Reverse Channel using a two frequency BS.
2:1-mode: 2 payload channel mode
NOTE: 2:1-mode supports two independent calls which may be either "MS to fixed end" duplex calls or simplex
calls using a two frequency BS.
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10 ETSI TR 102 398 V1.4.1 (2018-11)
ALLMSID: MS ID to address all MS in a system
ambient listening: optional form of voice call where the called MS answers then may enters a proprietary listening
operation such as transmitting with the microphone mute open
assigned channel: channel that has been allocated by the infrastructure to certain MSs using channel allocation
command(s) addressed to those MSs
NOTE: An assigned channel may be allocated for secondary control purposes or for a circuit mode call.
asynchronous access: mode of operation whereby MS are permitted access to TS by employing the polite protocol
defined in ETSI TS 102 361-2 [i.2]
NOTE: In this mode MS are not required to listen to a TSCC to first determine their access rights.
Base Station (BS): fixed end equipment that is used to obtain DMR services
bearer service: telecommunication service providing the capability for information transfer between access points
burst: elementary amount of bits within the physical channel
NOTE 1: The burst may include a guard time at the beginning and end of the burst used for power ramp-up and
ramp-down.
NOTE 2: Two bursts with different length are defined for DMR. A TDMA bursts which has a length of 30 ms and a
reverse channel burst which has a length of 10 ms.
NOTE 3: For detailed burst definition see ETSI TS 102 361-1 [i.1], clause 4.2.1.
NOTE 4: A burst represents the physical content (channel) of a timeslot.
call: complete sequence of related transactions between MSs
NOTE: Transactions may be one or more bursts containing specific call related information.
Caller Line Identity (CLI): ability to see who is calling you before answering the telephone
channel: pair of same numbered slots on the inbound and outbound duplex frequencies (in the Time Division Multiple
Access (TDMA) slot structure arrangement)
composite control channel: TSCC that may temporarily revert to a payload channel (if for instance the instantaneous
traffic exceeds that which may be accommodated by the available payload channels)
Control plane (C-plane): part of the DMR protocol stack dedicated to control and data services
coverage area: geographical area within which the received signal strength from a radiating BS exceeds a specified
threshold value
dedicated control channel: TSCC that is continuously transmitted by a TS and never reverts to a payload channel
Digital Mobile Radio (DMR): physical grouping that contains all of the mobile and/or fixed end equipment that is
used to obtain DMR services
direct mode: mode of operation where MSs may communicate outside the control of a network
NOTE: This is communication technique where any MS (MS) may communicate with one or more other MSs
(MSs) without the need for any additional equipment (e.g. BS).
downlink: process of transferring information in the outbound direction (TS to MS)
duplex: mode of operation by which information can be transferred in both directions and where the two directions are
independent
NOTE: Duplex is also known as full duplex.
extended address: source or destination that is not an MS address (such as a PABX extension, PSTN number or
IP address)
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11 ETSI TR 102 398 V1.4.1 (2018-11)
First In First Out (FIFO): storage type that retrieves information in the order in which it was stored
fixed non-volatile storage: storage facility within an MS, the contents of which cannot be modified or added to by the
operation of the MS or its user
high-rate: packet data transmission that uses dual slot data timing
inbound: MS to BS transmission
information element: subset (field) within a PDU
intrinsic service: service which is inherent within a voice or data service
NOTE: It forms an integral part of the signalling associated with that voice or data service.
item: MS payload transmission from the point at which the PTT is pressed to the PTT released
key: information that determines the functional output of an authentication algorithm
line connected: call whereby one end of the call is connected to the radio system that does not use the DMR Air
Interface
NOTE: Examples may be connection to the PSTN or a PABX.
logical channel: distinct data path between logical endpoints
message trunking: mode of operation that a payload channel is permanently allocated for the complete duration of the
call, which may include several separate PTT items (several PTT activations by separate terminals)
NOTE: The channel is only de-allocated if the call is (explicitly) released or if a time-out expires.
Mobile Station (MS): physical grouping that contains all of the mobile equipment that is used to obtain DMR mobile
services
multi-item data: data session on a payload channel that consists of two or more single item data sessions between
entities
multi-part call set-up: call set-up procedure whereby the full source and destination address cannot be accommodated
in a single CSBK signalling block
NOTE: The UDT procedure is invoked to transfer the address information using UDT signalling. UDT is also
invoked to transport supplementary_user data, user data and extended addressing between DMR entities.
network personalization: configuration parameters appropriate to network configuration programmed into an MS that
may be set by an external agency but not by the user of an MS
non-volatile storage: read/Write storage that stores information during operation of an MS that is protected from the
effects of switching off the MS
outbound: BS to MS transmission
packet data: method for the transmission of information by which the information is transmitted as packets each
containing a fragment of the total information to be transmitted
PARtition (PAR): information element used to partition MSs on a TS that implements two control channels (TSCCs)
payload: bits in the information field
personalization: configuration parameters that may be set by an external agency but not by the user of an MS
physical channel: TDMA burst
NOTE: The DMR radio frequency channel contains two physical channels.
polite protocol: "Listen Before Transmit" (LBT) protocol
NOTE: This is a medium access protocol that implements a LBT function in order to ensure that the channel is
free before transmitting.
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12 ETSI TR 102 398 V1.4.1 (2018-11)
power-save-frame: sixteen timeslots (480 ms) defining a period for sleeping MS to wake
privacy: secret transformation
NOTE: Any transformation of transmitted information that is derived from a shared secret between the sender and
receiver.
Protocol Data Unit (PDU): unit of information consisting of protocol con
...