ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04)
VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile (airborne) equipment; Part 1: Physical layer
VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile (airborne) equipment; Part 1: Physical layer
REN/AERO-00019-1
Radijska oprema za digitalno povezavo VHF (VDL) zrak-tla in zrak-zrak, 4. način - Tehnične karakteristike in merilne metode za aeronavtično mobilno (letalsko) opremo - 1. del: Fizična plast
Ta dokument se uporablja za radijsko opremo naslednjih vrst:
• aeronavtične mobilne (letalske) radijske oddajnike, oddajnike-sprejemnike in sprejemnike za zelo visokofrekvenčno (VHF) digitalno povezavo (VDL) za komunikacije zrak-tla in zrak-zrak, 4. način, ki delujejo v pasu VHF z uporabo modulacije frekvenčnega premičnega kodiranja prek filtra Gaussian (GFSK) z razmikom 25 kHz med kanali in so zmožni uravnavati na katerem koli izmed kanalov 25 kHz od 112.000 MHz do 136.975 MHz, kot je opredeljeno v standardih in priporočenih praksah (SARP) [2] ICAO za digitalne povezave (VDL).
Ta dokument vsebuje 1. del tehničnih specifikacij.
Ta dokument zagotavlja, da bo oprema, ki bo certificirana v skladu z njim, združljiva z ustreznimi standardi (SARP) [2] ICAO za VDL in tehničnim priročnikom ICAO za VDL4 [1].
Proizvajalci naj bodo pozorni, da razpon uravnavanja za oddajnik in sprejemnik lahko v prihodnje zajema kateri koli kanal 25 kHz od 108.000 MHz do 111.975 MHz.
Ta dokument se nanaša na »aeronavtično mobilno (letalska in v nekaterih primerih tudi kopenska vozila)« opremo, v nadaljnjem besedilu: »mobilna« oprema.
Področje uporabe tega dokumenta je omejeno na mobilne postaje. Enakovredna specifikacija za zemeljske postaje je ETSI EN 301 842 [i.7].
Sistem VDL, 4. način, omogoča izmenjavo podatkovne komunikacije med letalskim plovilom in talnimi sistemi ter drugimi letalskimi plovili, ki podpirajo nadzorne in komunikacijske aplikacije. Podprti načini komunikacije vključujejo:
• radiodifuzija in komunikacija točka-točka;
• radiodifuzijske storitve, vključno z avtomatskim odvisnim nadzorom – difuzijo (ADS-B), difuzijo nadzornih podatkov (TIS-B) in difuzijo informacij za letalstvo (FIS-B);
• storitve zrak-zrak in tla-zrak;
• delovanje brez talne infrastrukture.
Ta dokument izhaja iz naslednjih specifikacij:
• tehničnega priročnika ICAO za VDL4 [1], ter standardih in priporočenih praksah ICAO za VDL [2], ki jih je sestavila
Mednarodna organizacija civilnega letalstva (ICAO)).
• drugih ustreznih standardov, ki so bili določeni v točki 2.
Predvideva se, da lahko proizvajalci zagotovijo opremo, ki podpira:
• izključno radiodifuzijske storitve;
• izključno storitve točka-točka;
• radiodifuzijske storitve in storitve točka-točka.
Ta dokument zajema preskuse fizične plasti, ki so potrebni za podporo vseh vrst opreme.
Ta dokument je organiziran na naslednji način:
• točka 2 vsebuje sklice do ustreznih dokumentov;
• točka 3 vsebuje splošne opredelitve, kratice in simbole, ki se uporabljajo;
• točka 4 vsebuje splošni opis in arhitekturo digitalne povezave VDL, 4. način;
• točka 5 vsebuje funkcionalne specifikacije, ki veljajo za fizično plast, vključno z zahtevami za oddajnik/sprejemnik
in modulacijsko shemo;
• točka 6 vsebuje splošne zahteve za opremo VDL, 4. način;
• točka 7 vsebuje splošne zahteve projekta;
• točka 8 vsebuje zahteve okoljevarstvenega preskusa;
• točka 9 vsebuje podrobne preskusne postopke za fizično plast;
• točka 10 vsebuje zahteve za nameščeno opremo;
• dodatek A vsebuje podrobne sklice do ustreznih zahtev, ki so vključene v sklic [1];
• dodatek B vsebuje oceno povezovalne bilance (link budget) digitalne povezave VDL, 4. način;
• dodatek C vsebuje bibliografijo.
Podani so celotni preskusi fizične plasti, ki se natančno ujemajo s standardnim nizom preskusov, ki se uporabljajo za druge sisteme VDL.
OPOMBA: Letalski preskusi so opredeljeni v ETSI EN 302 842-2 [7].
General Information
Overview - What ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04) covers
ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04) specifies the physical layer technical characteristics and measurement methods for VHF air‑ground and air‑air Digital Link (VDL Mode 4) aeronautical mobile (airborne) radio equipment. It applies to transmitters, transceivers and receivers operating in the VHF band using Gaussian Filtered Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) with 25 kHz channel spacing, capable of tuning to the channels defined in the ICAO VDL SARPs. The document is intended to ensure equipment interoperability with ICAO VDL SARPs and the ICAO VDL4 Technical Manual.
Key technical topics and requirements
- Frequency and tuning range: channel tuning as defined by ICAO VDL SARPs (current range noted in the standard and a possible future extension).
- Modulation: GFSK with 25 kHz channel spacing (physical layer modulation scheme).
- Receiver requirements: BER testing, sensitivity, reference signal levels, adjacent channel rejection, dynamic range, frequency/symbol capture ranges, Doppler tolerance, immunity to in‑band and out‑of‑band strong signals, intermodulation and spurious responses.
- Transmitter requirements: declared output power, RF rise/release time, spurious emissions, adjacent channel power, wide‑band noise, frequency tolerance, burst structure and timing.
- Transceiver and system functions: tuning time, transmitter/receiver turnaround, automatic transmitter shut‑down, timing and reservation table requirements.
- Design & environmental considerations: controls and indicators, warm‑up, airworthiness interfaces, software management, environmental and vibration tests.
- Test procedures and measurements: detailed physical‑layer test methods, recording requirements and test conditions, plus a VDL Mode 4 link budget assessment (annex B).
Practical applications - who uses this standard
- Avionics manufacturers designing VDL Mode 4 airborne radios and transceivers.
- Certification bodies and test laboratories performing conformance and interoperability testing against ICAO and ETSI criteria.
- Airlines and integrators specifying onboard communications equipment for surveillance and broadcast services (ADS‑B, TIS‑B, FIS‑B).
- Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) and system architects evaluating VDL4 capability for air‑ground and air‑air services, including operations without ground infrastructure.
Related standards and references
- ICAO VDL SARPs and ICAO VDL4 Technical Manual (normative alignment).
- ETSI EN 302 842-2 - flight test procedures for VDL Mode 4.
- ETSI EN 301 842 - ground station equivalent specifications.
SIST EN 302 842-1 is essential for ensuring VDL Mode 4 radio equipment meets the physical‑layer performance, interoperability and environmental standards required for safe, reliable VHF air‑ground and air‑air digital communications.
Standards Content (Sample)
Draft ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.0 (2014-12)
EUROPEAN STANDARD
VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL)
Mode 4 radio equipment;
Technical characteristics and methods of measurement
for aeronautical mobile (airborne) equipment;
Part 1: Physical layer
2 Draft ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.0 (2014-12)
Reference
REN/AERO-00019-1
Keywords
aeronautical, digital, radio, testing, VHF
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3 Draft ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.0 (2014-12)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
Modal verbs terminology . 6
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 References . 9
2.1 Normative references . 9
2.2 Informative references . 10
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 11
3.1 Definitions . 11
3.1.1 Basic reference model definitions . 11
3.1.2 Service conventions definitions . 11
3.1.3 General definitio ns . 11
3.2 Abbreviations . 15
4 General description and architecture of VDL Mode 4 . 16
4.1 General . 16
5 VDL mode 4 physical layer functional specifications . 16
5.1 Overview . 16
5.1.1 Functions . 17
5.1.2 Data reception . 17
5.1.3 Data transmission . 17
5.2 Modulation scheme . 17
6 VDL Mode 4 equipment requirements . 17
6.1 Receiver requirements . 17
6.1.1 Receiver operating range . 17
6.1.2 BER requirement . 18
6.1.3 Reference signal level . 18
6.1.4 Sensitivity . 18
6.1.5 Adjacent channel rejection . 18
6.1.6 Receiver performance in the presence of strong signals inside the VHF aeronautical band . 19
6.1.7 Receiver performance in the presence of strong signals outside the VHF aeronautical band . 19
6.1.8 Desired signal dynamic range . 20
6.1.9 Symbol rate capture range . 20
6.1.10 Frequency capture range . 20
6.1.11 Doppler rate . 20
6.1.12 Co-channel interference . 20
6.1.13 Conducted spurious emission . 21
6.1.14 FM broadcast intermodulation . 21
6.1.14.1 Radio frequencies in the band 112,000 MHz to 137,000 MHz . 21
6.1.15 In-band intermodulation . 21
6.2 Transmitter requirements . 22
6.2.1 Transmitter operating range . 22
6.2.2 Channel bit rate . 22
6.2.3 Manufacturer's declared output power . 22
6.2.4 RF power rise time . 22
6.2.5 RF power release time . 23
6.2.6 Spurious emissions . 23
6.2.7 Adjacent channel power . 24
6.2.8 Wide-band noise . 24
6.2.9 Load VSWR capability . 25
6.2.10 Adjacent channel transient power . 25
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4 Draft ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.0 (2014-12)
6.2.11 Frequency tolerance . 25
6.2.12 Start of transmission . 25
6.2.13 Structure of bursts . 25
6.3 Transceiver requirements . 26
6.3.1 Automatic transmitter shut-down . 26
6.3.2 Tuning time . 26
6.3.3 Receiver to transmitter turnaround time . 26
6.3.4 Transmitter to receiver turnaround time . 26
6.3.5 Short power interrupt . 27
6.3.6 Demodulator action. 27
6.3.7 System timing requirements . 27
6.3.8 Reservation table stored in memory . 27
6.3.9 Failure of associated equipment . 27
6.3.10 Simultaneous reception . 27
7 General design requirements . 27
7.1 Controls and indicators . 27
7.2 Class of emission and modulation characteristics . 28
7.3 Warm up . 28
7.4 Airworthiness . 28
7.5 Intended function . 28
7.6 Fire protection . 28
7.7 Operation of controls . 28
7.8 Accessibility of controls . 28
7.9 Effects of tests . 28
7.10 Failure of VDL Mode 4 equipment . 28
7.11 Software management . 29
7.12 Transceiver configuration . 29
7.13 Provision for multiple redundant VDL4 transceivers . 29
7.14 Reception capability . 29
7.15 Transmission capability . 29
7.16 Monitoring of proper operation . 30
7.17 Power-up self test . 30
8 Environmental test requirements . 30
8.1 Introduction . 30
8.2 Receiver . 32
8.3 Transmitter . 34
9 Detailed test procedures for the physical layer . 36
9.1 General requirements . 36
9.1.1 Test conditions . 36
9.1.2 Alignment, adjustment and calibration prior to test . 36
9.1.3 Recording of test results . 36
9.1.4 Connected load . 36
9.1.5 Test instrument precautions . 36
9.1.6 Simultaneous application of two signals to the receiver input . 37
9.1.7 Test frequencies . 37
9.1.8 Equipment configuration . 37
9.1.9 Detailed physical and MAC layer test procedures . 37
9.2 Receiver . 37
9.2.1 BER test . 37
9.2.2 Sensitivity . 39
9.2.3 Adjacent Channel Rejection (ACR) . 40
9.2.4 Rejection of signals in the VHF aeronautical band . 40
9.2.5 Rejection of signals outside the VHF aeronautical band . 41
9.2.6 Desired signal dynamic range . 42
9.2.7 Symbol rate capture range . 42
9.2.8 Frequency capture range . 43
9.2.9 Doppler rate . 43
9.2.10 Co-channel interference . 44
9.2.11 Conducted spurious emission . 44
9.2.12 FM broadcast intermodulation . 45
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5 Draft ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.0 (2014-12)
9.2.13 In-band intermodulation . 46
9.3 Transmitter . 47
9.3.1 Channel bit rate . 47
9.3.2 Manufacturer's declared output power . 47
9.3.3 RF power rise time . 48
9.3.4 RF power release time . 48
9.3.5 Spurious emissions . 49
9.3.6 Adjacent channel power . 49
9.3.6.1 Method of measurement for the first adjacent channel . 49
9.3.6.2 Method of measurement for the second adjacent channel . 50
9.3.6.3 Method of measurement for the fourth adjacent channel . 51
9.3.6.4 Alternative measurement procedure for Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) . 52
9.3.7 Wideband noise . 53
9.3.8 Load VSWR capability . 54
9.3.9 Adjacent channel transient power . 55
9.3.10 Frequency tolerance . 56
9.4 Transceiver . 56
9.4.1 Tuning time . 56
9.4.2 Receiver to transmitter turn-around time . 56
9.4.3 Transmitter to receiver turn-around time . 57
10 Installed equipment requirements . 57
10.1 Introduction . 57
10.2 Equipment installation . 57
10.2.1 Aircraft environment. 57
10.2.2 Failure protection . 57
10.2.3 Aircraft power source . 58
10.3 Installed equipment performance requirements. 58
10.3.1 Dynamic response . 58
10.3.2 Interference effects . 58
10.3.3 Regular maintenance. 58
10.4 Conditions of test . 58
10.4.1 Power input . 58
10.4.2 Associated equipment or systems . 58
10.4.3 Environment . 58
10.5 Test procedures for installed equipment performance . 59
10.5.1 Ground test procedures . 59
10.5.1.1 Conformity inspection . 59
10.5.1.2 Interference tests . 59
10.5.1.3 Power supply fluctuation test . 59
10.5.1.4 Reception . 59
10.5.1.5 Transmission . 59
10.5.1.6 Functional behaviour tests . 60
10.5.1.7 Interface conformance tests . 60
10.5.2 Flight test procedures . 60
10.5.2.1 Interference effects . 60
10.5.2.2 System performance . 61
Annex A (informative): Cross reference matrix . 62
Annex B (informative): VDL Mode 4 link budget . 65
Annex C (informative): Bibliography . 73
History . 74
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6 Draft ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.0 (2014-12)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This draft European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Aeronautics (AERO), and is now
submitted for the combined Public Enquiry and Vote phase of the ETSI standards EN Approval Procedure.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL)
Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile (airborne)
equipment, as identified below:
Part 1: "Physical layer";
Part 2: "General description and data link layer";
Part 3: "Additional broadcast aspects";
Part 4: "Point-to-point functions".
The present document is accompanied by an equivalent ground-based standard, ETSI EN 301 842 [i.7] parts 1 to 5,
covering the VHF air-ground Data Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of
measurement for ground-based equipment.
NOTE: Minimum Operational Performance Specifications (MOPS) are also being developed for VDL Mode 4.
EUROCAE have previously published Interim MOPS for VDL Mode 4 [i.2] which are a sub set of
ETSI EN 302 842-1 (the present document), ETSI EN 302 842- 2 [7], ETSI EN 302 842-3 [8] and
ETSI EN 302 842-4 [9]. ETSI EN 302 842-1 (the present document), ETSI EN 302 842-2 [7],
ETSI EN 302 842-3 [8] and ETSI EN 302 842-4 [9] comply with the requirements of CEC Mandate
M/318 [i.3].
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 18 months after doa
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "may not", "need", "need not", "will",
"will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms
for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
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7 Draft ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.0 (2014-12)
Introduction
The present document states the technical specifications for Very High Frequency (VHF) Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4
aeronautical mobile (airborne) radio transmitters, transceivers and receivers for air-ground and air-air communications
operating in the VHF band, using Gaussian Filtered Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation with 25 kHz channel
spacing and capable of tuning to any of the 25 kHz channels from 112,000 MHz to 136,975 MHz as defined in
ICAO VDL SARPs [2].
The present document may be used to produce tests for the assessment of the performance of the equipment. The
performance of the equipment submitted for type testing should be representative of the performance of the
corresponding production model.
The present document has been written on the assumption that:
• the type test measurements will be performed only once, in an accredited test laboratory and the measurements
accepted by the various authorities in order to grant type approval;
• if equipment available on the market is required to be checked it may be tested in accordance with the methods
of measurement specified in the present document or a documented alternative approved by the certifying
authority.
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8 Draft ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.0 (2014-12)
1 Scope
The present document applies to the following radio equipment types:
• Very High Frequency (VHF) Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 aeronautical mobile (airborne) radio transmitters,
transceivers and receivers for air-ground and air-air communications operating in the VHF band, using
Gaussian Filtered Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation with 25 kHz channel spacing and capable of
tuning to any of the 25 kHz channels from 112,000 MHz to 136,975 MHz as defined in ICAO VDL
SARPs [2].
The present technical document provides part 1 of the technical specifications.
The present document is designed to ensure that equipment certified to it will be compatible with the relevant
ICAO VDL SARPs [2] and ICAO VDL4 Technical Manual [1].
Manufacturers should note that in future the tuning range for the transmitter and receiver may cover any 25 kHz channel
from 108,000 MHz to 111,975 MHz.
The present document applies to "aeronautical mobile (airborne and in some cases ground vehicles)" equipment which
will hereinafter be referred to as "mobile" equipment.
The scope of the present document is limited to mobile stations. The equivalent specification for ground stations is
ETSI EN 301 842 [i.7].
The VDL Mode 4 system provides digital communication exchanges between aircraft and ground-based systems and
other aircraft supporting surveillance and communication applications. The supported modes of communication include:
• broadcast and point-to-point communication;
• broadcast services including Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B), Traffic Information
Service - Broadcast (TIS-B) and Flight Information Service - Broadcast (FIS-B) capabilities;
• air-air and ground-air services;
• operation without ground infrastructure.
The present document is derived from the specifications:
• ICAO VDL4 Technical Manual [1] and ICAO VDL SARPs [2] produced under the auspices of the
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
• Other relevant standards as defined in clause 2.
It is envisaged that manufacturers may provide equipment supporting:
• broadcast services only;
• point-to-point services only;
• both broadcast and point-to-point services.
The present document deals with tests of the physical layer necessary to support all types of equipment.
The present document is organized as follows:
• clause 2 provides references to relevant documents;
• clause 3 provides general definitions, abbreviations and symbols used;
• clause 4 provides a general description and architecture of VDL Mode 4;
• clause 5 provides functional specifications applicable to the physical layer including transmitter/receiver
requirements and the modulation scheme;
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9 Draft ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.0 (2014-12)
• clause 6 provides VDL Mode 4 equipment requirements;
• clause 7 provides general design requirements;
• clause 8 provides environmental test requirements;
• clause 9 provides detailed test procedures for the physical layer;
• clause 10 provides installed equipment requirements;
• annex A provides a detailed cross-reference to the relevant requirements contained in reference [1];
• annex B provides an assessment of VDL Mode 4 Link Budget;
• annex C provides a Bibliography;
The full physical layer tests are provided which correspond closely to the standard set of tests used for other VDL
systems.
NOTE: Flight tests are defined in ETSI EN 302 842-2 [7].
Mandating and recommendation phrases
a) "Shall"
- The use of the word "Shall" indicates a mandated criterion; e.g. compliance with the particular procedure
or specification is mandatory and no alternative may be applied.
b) "Should"
- The use of the word "Should" (and phrases such as "It is recommended that.", etc.) indicate that though
the procedure or criterion is regarded as the preferred option, alternative procedures, specifications or
criteria may be applied, provided that the manufacturer, installer or tester can provide information or data
to adequately support and justify the alternative.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ICAO Doc 9816 (First Edition 2004): "Manual on VHF Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4, Part 2:
Detailed Technical Specifications".
[2] ICAO Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation: "Aeronautical
Telecommunications, Volume III: Communication Systems, Part I: Digital Data Communication
Systems, chapter 6", including Amendment 88 (applicable 14/11/13).
[3] ISO/IEC 7498-1 (1994): "Information technology -- Open Systems Interconnection -- Basic
Reference Model: The Basic Model".
[4] ISO/IEC 10731 (1994): "Information technology -- Open Systems Interconnection -- Basic
Reference Model -- Conventions for the definition of OSI services".
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10 Draft ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.0 (2014-12)
[5] EUROCAE ED-12C/RTCA DO-178C: "Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and
Equipment Certification", January 2012.
[6] EUROCAE ED-14G/RTCA DO-160G: "Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for
Airborne Equipment", May 2011.
[7] ETSI EN 302 842-2 (V1.4.0): "VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio
equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile
(airborne) equipment; Part 2: General Description and data link layer".
[8] ETSI EN 302 842-3 (V1.4.0): "VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio
equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile
(airborne) equipment; Part 3: Additional broadcast aspects".
[9] ETSI EN 302 842-4 (V1.3.0): "VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio
equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile
(airborne) equipment; Part 4: Point-to-point functions".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI EN 300 113-1: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Land
mobile service; Radio equipment intended for the transmission of data (and/or speech) using
constant or non-constant envelope modulation and having an antenna connector; Part 1: Technical
characteristics and methods of measurement".
[i.2] EUROCAE ED-108A: "MOPS for VDL Mode 4 Aircraft Transceiver for ADS-B", October 2005.
[i.3] CEC Mandate M/318: "Mandate to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI for standardisation in the field of air
traffic management systems and Galileo local components".
[i.4] EASA CS-25: "Large Aeroplanes" Appendix F (previously Joint Airworthiness Requirements
(JAR), Part 25).
[i.5] EUROCAE ED-23C: "MOPS for airborne VHF receiver - transmitter operating in the frequency
range 117.975-137.000 MHz".
[i.6] RTCA DO-224C: "Signal-in-Space Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards (MASPS)
for Advanced VHF Digital Data Communications Including Compatibility with Digital Voice
Techniques".
[i.7] ETSI EN 301 842 (all parts): "VHF air-ground Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment;
Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for ground-based equipment".
[i.8] ITU Radio Regulations. (2012).
[i.9] Agilent Application Note (AN 1303): "Spectrum Analyser Measurements and Noise", 11th
February 2003.
[i.10] TIA/EIA/TSB-88-A (1999): "Performance in Noise and Interference-Limited Situations -
Recommended Methods for Technology-Independent Modeling, Simulation, and Verification".
ETSI
11 Draft ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.0 (2014-12)
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1 Basic reference model definitions
The present document is based on the concepts developed in the open systems interconnect basic reference model and
makes use of the following terms defined in ISO/IEC 7498-1 [3]:
• layer;
• sublayer;
• entity;
• service;
• service access point;
• service data unit;
• physical layer;
• data link layer.
3.1.2 Service conventions definitions
The present document makes use of the following terms defined in ISO/IEC 10731 [4]:
• service provider;
• service user;
• service primitive;
• request;
• indication;
• confirm.
3.1.3 General definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
adjacent channel power: amount of the modulated rf signal power which falls within a given adjacent channel
NOTE: Adjacent channel power includes discrete spurious, signal sidebands, and noise density (including phase
noise) at the transmitter output.
Adjacent Channel Rejection (ACR): receiver's ability to demodulate the desired signal and meet the BER requirement
in the presence of an interfering signal in an adjacent channel
NOTE: The ratio (in dB) between the adjacent interfering signal level and the desired signal level necessary to
achieve the specified minimum BER, is the adjacent channel rejection (ACR) ratio.
Aeronautical Mobile Service (AMS): mobile service between aeronautical stations and aircraft stations, or between
aircraft stations, in which survival craft stations may participate
ETSI
12 Draft ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.0 (2014-12)
Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN): internetwork architecture that allows ground, air/ground, and
aircraft data subnetworks to interoperate by adopting common interface services and protocols based on the
International Organization for Standardization Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model
aircraft address: unique combination of 24 bits available for assignment to an aircraft for the purpose of
communications, navigation and surveillance
NOTE: An aircraft may choose not to use this unique address and can use instead a non-unique address.
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B): surveillance application transmitting parameters, such as
position, track and ground speed, via a broadcast mode digital link for use by any air and ground users requiring it
NOTE: ADS-B is a surveillance service based on aircraft self-determination of position/velocity/time and
automatic, periodic or random, broadcast of this information along with auxiliary data such as aircraft
identity (ID), communications control parameters, etc. ADS-B is intended to support multiple high-level
applications and associated services such as cockpit display of traffic information, traffic alert and
collision avoidance functionality, enhanced traffic management in the air and on the ground, search and
rescue support and others.
autotune function: function, performed by the Link Management Entity, that allows a ground VDL Mode 4 station to
command an aircraft to change the operating characteristics of synchronization burst transmissions
Bit Error Rate (BER): ratio between the number of erroneous bits received and the total number of bits transmitted
burst length: number of slots across which the VDL Mode 4 burst is transmitted
Co-Channel Interference (CCI): capability of a receiver to demodulate the desired signal and achieve the minimum
specified BER performance in the presence of an unwanted signal at the same assigned frequency
NOTE: The ratio (in dB)
...
EUROPEAN STANDARD
VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL)
Mode 4 radio equipment;
Technical characteristics and methods of measurement
for aeronautical mobile (airborne) equipment;
Part 1: Physical layer
2 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04)
Reference
REN/AERO-00019-1
Keywords
aeronautical, digital, radio, testing, VHF
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
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Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
Modal verbs terminology . 6
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 References . 9
2.1 Normative references . 9
2.2 Informative references . 10
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 11
3.1 Definitions . 11
3.1.1 Basic reference model definitions . 11
3.1.2 Service conventions definitions . 11
3.1.3 General definitio ns . 11
3.2 Abbreviations . 15
4 General description and architecture of VDL Mode 4 . 16
4.1 General . 16
5 VDL mode 4 physical layer functional specifications . 16
5.1 Overview . 16
5.1.1 Functions . 16
5.1.2 Data reception . 17
5.1.3 Data transmission . 17
5.2 Modulation scheme . 17
6 VDL Mode 4 equipment requirements . 17
6.1 Receiver requirements . 17
6.1.1 Receiver operating range . 17
6.1.2 BER requirement . 17
6.1.3 Reference signal level . 18
6.1.4 Sensitivity . 18
6.1.5 Adjacent channel rejection . 18
6.1.6 Receiver performance in the presence of strong signals inside the VHF aeronautical band . 18
6.1.7 Receiver performance in the presence of strong signals outside the VHF aeronautical band . 19
6.1.8 Desired signal dynamic range . 19
6.1.9 Symbol rate capture range . 19
6.1.10 Frequency capture range . 20
6.1.11 Doppler rate . 20
6.1.12 Co-channel interference . 20
6.1.13 Conducted spurious emission . 20
6.1.14 FM broadcast intermodulation . 20
6.1.14.1 Radio frequencies in the band 112,000 MHz to 137,000 MHz . 20
6.1.15 In-band intermodulation . 20
6.2 Transmitter requirements . 21
6.2.1 Transmitter operating range . 21
6.2.2 Channel bit rate . 21
6.2.3 Manufacturer's declared output power . 21
6.2.4 RF power rise time . 22
6.2.5 RF power release time . 22
6.2.6 Spurious emissions . 22
6.2.7 Adjacent channel power . 23
6.2.8 Wide-band noise . 23
6.2.9 Load VSWR capability . 24
6.2.10 Adjacent channel transient power . 24
6.2.11 Frequency tolerance . 24
6.2.12 Start of transmission . 24
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04)
6.2.13 Structure of bursts . 24
6.3 Transceiver requirements . 25
6.3.1 Automatic transmitter shut-down . 25
6.3.2 Tuning time . 25
6.3.3 Receiver to transmitter turnaround time . 25
6.3.4 Transmitter to receiver turnaround time . 25
6.3.5 Short power interrupt . 25
6.3.6 Demodulator action. 25
6.3.7 System timing requirements . 25
6.3.8 Reservation table stored in memory . 26
6.3.9 Failure of associated equipment . 26
6.3.10 Simultaneous reception . 26
7 General design requirements . 26
7.1 Controls and indicators . 26
7.2 Class of emission and modulation characteristics . 26
7.3 Warm up . 26
7.4 Airworthiness . 26
7.5 Intended function . 26
7.6 Fire protection . 27
7.7 Operation of controls . 27
7.8 Accessibility of controls . 27
7.9 Effects of tests . 27
7.10 Failure of VDL Mode 4 equipment . 27
7.11 Software management . 27
7.12 Transceiver configuration . 27
7.13 Provision for multiple redundant VDL4 transceivers . 28
7.14 Reception capability . 28
7.15 Transmission capability . 28
7.16 Monitoring of proper operation . 28
7.17 Power-up self test . 29
8 Environmental test requirements . 29
8.1 Introduction . 29
8.2 Receiver . 30
8.3 Transmitter . 32
9 Detailed test procedures for the physical layer . 34
9.1 General requirements . 34
9.1.1 Test conditions . 34
9.1.2 Alignment, adjustment and calibration prior to test . 34
9.1.3 Recording of test results . 34
9.1.4 Connected load . 34
9.1.5 Test instrument precautions . 34
9.1.6 Simultaneous application of two signals to the receiver input . 35
9.1.7 Test frequencies . 35
9.1.8 Equipment configuration . 35
9.1.9 Detailed physical and MAC layer test procedures . 35
9.2 Receiver . 35
9.2.1 BER test . 35
9.2.2 Sensitivity . 37
9.2.3 Adjacent Channel Rejection (ACR) . 37
9.2.4 Rejection of signals in the VHF aeronautical band . 38
9.2.5 Rejection of signals outside the VHF aeronautical band . 39
9.2.6 Desired signal dynamic range . 40
9.2.7 Symbol rate capture range . 40
9.2.8 Frequency capture range . 41
9.2.9 Doppler rate . 41
9.2.10 Co-channel interference . 42
9.2.11 Conducted spurious emission . 42
9.2.12 FM broadcast intermodulation . 43
9.2.13 In-band intermodulation . 44
9.3 Transmitter . 45
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04)
9.3.1 Channel bit rate . 45
9.3.2 Manufacturer's declared output power . 45
9.3.3 RF power rise time . 46
9.3.4 RF power release time . 46
9.3.5 Spurious emissions . 47
9.3.6 Adjacent channel power . 47
9.3.6.1 Method of measurement for the first adjacent channel . 47
9.3.6.2 Method of measurement for the second adjacent channel . 48
9.3.6.3 Method of measurement for the fourth adjacent channel . 49
9.3.6.4 Alternative measurement procedure for Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) . 50
9.3.7 Wideband noise . 51
9.3.8 Load VSWR capability . 52
9.3.9 Adjacent channel transient power . 53
9.3.10 Frequency tolerance . 54
9.4 Transceiver . 54
9.4.1 Tuning time . 54
9.4.2 Receiver to transmitter turn-around time . 54
9.4.3 Transmitter to receiver turn-around time . 55
10 Installed equipment requirements . 55
10.1 Introduction . 55
10.2 Equipment installation . 55
10.2.1 Aircraft environment. 55
10.2.2 Failure protection . 55
10.2.3 Aircraft power source . 55
10.3 Installed equipment performance requirements. 56
10.3.1 Dynamic response . 56
10.3.2 Interference effects . 56
10.3.3 Regular maintenance. 56
10.4 Conditions of test . 56
10.4.1 Power input . 56
10.4.2 Associated equipment or systems . 56
10.4.3 Environment . 56
10.5 Test procedures for installed equipment performance . 56
10.5.1 Ground test procedures . 57
10.5.1.1 Conformity inspection . 57
10.5.1.2 Interference tests . 57
10.5.1.3 Power supply fluctuation test . 57
10.5.1.4 Reception . 57
10.5.1.5 Transmission . 57
10.5.1.6 Functional behaviour tests . 57
10.5.1.7 Interface conformance tests . 58
10.5.2 Flight test procedures . 58
10.5.2.1 Interference effects . 58
10.5.2.2 System performance . 58
Annex A (informative): Cross reference matrix . 60
Annex B (informative): VDL Mode 4 link budget . 63
Annex C (informative): Bibliography . 70
History . 71
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Aeronautics (AERO).
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL)
Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile (airborne)
equipment, as identified below:
Part 1: "Physical layer";
Part 2: "General description and data link layer";
Part 3: "Additional broadcast aspects";
Part 4: "Point-to-point functions".
The present document is accompanied by an equivalent ground-based standard, ETSI EN 301 842 [i.7] parts 1 to 5,
covering the VHF air-ground Data Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of
measurement for ground-based equipment.
NOTE: Minimum Operational Performance Specifications (MOPS) are also being developed for VDL Mode 4.
EUROCAE have previously published Interim MOPS for VDL Mode 4 [i.2] which are a sub set of
ETSI EN 302 842-1 (the present document), ETSI EN 302 842- 2 [7], ETSI EN 302 842-3 [8] and
ETSI EN 302 842-4 [9]. ETSI EN 302 842-1 (the present document), ETSI EN 302 842-2 [7],
ETSI EN 302 842-3 [8] and ETSI EN 302 842-4 [9] comply with the requirements of CEC Mandate
M/318 [i.3].
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 6 April 2015
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 July 2015
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 January 2016
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 January 2017
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04)
Introduction
The present document states the technical specifications for Very High Frequency (VHF) Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4
aeronautical mobile (airborne) radio transmitters, transceivers and receivers for air-ground and air-air communications
operating in the VHF band, using Gaussian Filtered Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation with 25 kHz channel
spacing and capable of tuning to any of the 25 kHz channels from 112,000 MHz to 136,975 MHz as defined in ICAO
VDL SARPs [2].
The present document may be used to produce tests for the assessment of the performance of the equipment. The
performance of the equipment submitted for type testing should be representative of the performance of the
corresponding production model.
The present document has been written on the assumption that:
• the type test measurements will be performed only once, in an accredited test laboratory and the measurements
accepted by the various authorities in order to grant type approval;
• if equipment available on the market is required to be checked it may be tested in accordance with the methods
of measurement specified in the present document or a documented alternative approved by the certifying
authority.
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04)
1 Scope
The present document applies to the following radio equipment types:
• Very High Frequency (VHF) Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 aeronautical mobile (airborne) radio transmitters,
transceivers and receivers for air-ground and air-air communications operating in the VHF band, using
Gaussian Filtered Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation with 25 kHz channel spacing and capable of
tuning to any of the 25 kHz channels from 112,000 MHz to 136,975 MHz as defined in ICAO VDL
SARPs [2].
The present technical document provides part 1 of the technical specifications.
The present document is designed to ensure that equipment certified to it will be compatible with the relevant ICAO
VDL SARPs [2] and ICAO VDL4 Technical Manual [1].
Manufacturers should note that in future the tuning range for the transmitter and receiver may cover any 25 kHz channel
from 108,000 MHz to 111,975 MHz.
The present document applies to "aeronautical mobile (airborne and in some cases ground vehicles)" equipment which
will hereinafter be referred to as "mobile" equipment.
The scope of the present document is limited to mobile stations. The equivalent specification for ground stations is
ETSI EN 301 842 [i.7].
The VDL Mode 4 system provides digital communication exchanges between aircraft and ground-based systems and
other aircraft supporting surveillance and communication applications. The supported modes of communication include:
• broadcast and point-to-point communication;
• broadcast services including Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B), Traffic Information
Service - Broadcast (TIS-B) and Flight Information Service - Broadcast (FIS-B) capabilities;
• air-air and ground-air services;
• operation without ground infrastructure.
The present document is derived from the specifications:
• ICAO VDL4 Technical Manual [1] and ICAO VDL SARPs [2] produced under the auspices of the
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).
• Other relevant standards as defined in clause 2.
It is envisaged that manufacturers may provide equipment supporting:
• broadcast services only;
• point-to-point services only;
• both broadcast and point-to-point services.
The present document deals with tests of the physical layer necessary to support all types of equipment.
The present document is organized as follows:
• clause 2 provides references to relevant documents;
• clause 3 provides general definitions, abbreviations and symbols used;
• clause 4 provides a general description and architecture of VDL Mode 4;
• clause 5 provides functional specifications applicable to the physical layer including transmitter/receiver
requirements and the modulation scheme;
• clause 6 provides VDL Mode 4 equipment requirements;
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04)
• clause 7 provides general design requirements;
• clause 8 provides environmental test requirements;
• clause 9 provides detailed test procedures for the physical layer;
• clause 10 provides installed equipment requirements;
• annex A provides a detailed cross-reference to the relevant requirements contained in reference [1];
• annex B provides an assessment of VDL Mode 4 Link Budget;
• annex C provides a Bibliography;
The full physical layer tests are provided which correspond closely to the standard set of tests used for other VDL
systems.
NOTE: Flight tests are defined in ETSI EN 302 842-2 [7].
Mandating and recommendation phrases
a) "Shall"
- The use of the word "Shall" indicates a mandated criterion; e.g. compliance with the particular procedure
or specification is mandatory and no alternative may be applied.
b) "Should"
- The use of the word "Should" (and phrases such as "It is recommended that.", etc.) indicate that though
the procedure or criterion is regarded as the preferred option, alternative procedures, specifications or
criteria may be applied, provided that the manufacturer, installer or tester can provide information or data
to adequately support and justify the alternative.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ICAO Doc 9816 (First Edition 2004): "Manual on VHF Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4, Part 2:
Detailed Technical Specifications".
[2] ICAO Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation: "Aeronautical
Telecommunications, Volume III: Communication Systems, Part I: Digital Data Communication
Systems, chapter 6", including Amendment 88 (applicable 14/11/13).
[3] ISO/IEC 7498-1 (1994): "Information technology -- Open Systems Interconnection -- Basic
Reference Model: The Basic Model".
[4] ISO/IEC 10731 (1994): "Information technology -- Open Systems Interconnection -- Basic
Reference Model -- Conventions for the definition of OSI services".
[5] EUROCAE ED-12C/RTCA DO-178C: "Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and
Equipment Certification", January 2012.
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04)
[6] EUROCAE ED-14G/RTCA DO-160G: "Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for
Airborne Equipment", May 2011.
[7] ETSI EN 302 842-2 (V1.4.1): "VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio
equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile
(airborne) equipment; Part 2: General Description and data link layer".
[8] ETSI EN 302 842-3 (V1.4.1): "VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio
equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile
(airborne) equipment; Part 3: Additional broadcast aspects".
[9] ETSI EN 302 842-4 (V1.3.1): "VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio
equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile
(airborne) equipment; Part 4: Point-to-point functions".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI EN 300 113-1: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Land
mobile service; Radio equipment intended for the transmission of data (and/or speech) using
constant or non-constant envelope modulation and having an antenna connector; Part 1: Technical
characteristics and methods of measurement".
[i.2] EUROCAE ED-108A: "MOPS for VDL Mode 4 Aircraft Transceiver for ADS-B", October 2005.
[i.3] CEC Mandate M/318: "Mandate to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI for standardisation in the field of air
traffic management systems and Galileo local components".
[i.4] EASA CS-25: "Large Aeroplanes" Appendix F (previously Joint Airworthiness Requirements
(JAR), Part 25).
[i.5] EUROCAE ED-23C: "MOPS for airborne VHF receiver - transmitter operating in the frequency
range 117.975-137.000 MHz".
[i.6] RTCA DO-224C: "Signal-in-Space Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards (MASPS)
for Advanced VHF Digital Data Communications Including Compatibility with Digital Voice
Techniques".
[i.7] ETSI EN 301 842 (all parts): "VHF air-ground Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment;
Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for ground-based equipment".
[i.8] ITU Radio Regulations. (2012).
[i.9] Agilent Application Note (AN 1303): "Spectrum Analyser Measurements and Noise", 11th
February 2003.
[i.10] TIA/EIA/TSB-88-A (1999): "Performance in Noise and Interference-Limited Situations -
Recommended Methods for Technology-Independent Modeling, Simulation, and Verification".
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04)
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
3.1.1 Basic reference model definitions
The present document is based on the concepts developed in the open systems interconnect basic reference model and
makes use of the following terms defined in ISO/IEC 7498-1 [3]:
• layer;
• sublayer;
• entity;
• service;
• service access point;
• service data unit;
• physical layer;
• data link layer.
3.1.2 Service conventions definitions
The present document makes use of the following terms defined in ISO/IEC 10731 [4]:
• service provider;
• service user;
• service primitive;
• request;
• indication;
• confirm.
3.1.3 General definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
adjacent channel power: amount of the modulated rf signal power which falls within a given adjacent channel
NOTE: Adjacent channel power includes discrete spurious, signal sidebands, and noise density (including phase
noise) at the transmitter output.
Adjacent Channel Rejection (ACR): receiver's ability to demodulate the desired signal and meet the BER requirement
in the presence of an interfering signal in an adjacent channel
NOTE: The ratio (in dB) between the adjacent interfering signal level and the desired signal level necessary to
achieve the specified minimum BER, is the adjacent channel rejection (ACR) ratio.
Aeronautical Mobile Service (AMS): mobile service between aeronautical stations and aircraft stations, or between
aircraft stations, in which survival craft stations may participate
Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN): internetwork architecture that allows ground, air/ground, and
aircraft data subnetworks to interoperate by adopting common interface services and protocols based on the
International Organization for Standardization Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model
ETSI
12 ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04)
aircraft address: unique combination of 24 bits available for assignment to an aircraft for the purpose of
communications, navigation and surveillance
NOTE: An aircraft may choose not to use this unique address and can use instead a non-unique address.
Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B): surveillance application transmitting parameters, such as
position, track and ground speed, via a broadcast mode digital link for use by any air and ground users requiring it
NOTE: ADS-B is a surveillance service based on aircraft self-determination of position/velocity/time and
automatic, periodic or random, broadcast of this information along with auxiliary data such as aircraft
identity (ID), communications control parameters, etc. ADS-B is intended to support multiple high-level
applications and associated services such as cockpit display of traffic information, traffic alert and
collision avoidance functionality, enhanced traffic management in the air and on the ground, search and
rescue support and others.
autotune function: function, performed by the Link Management Entity, that allows a ground VDL Mode 4 station to
command an aircraft to change the operating characteristics of synchronization burst transmissions
Bit Error Rate (BER): ratio between the number of erroneous bits received and the total number of bits transmitted
burst length: number of s
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.HQW7HFKQLFDOHTXLSPHQW49.090On-board equipment and instruments35.100.10Physical layer33.060.99Druga oprema za radijske komunikacijeOther equipment for radiocommunicationsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1SIST EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1:2015en,fr,de01-oktober-2015SIST EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARD SIST EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1:2015
ETSI ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04) 2
Reference REN/AERO-00019-1 Keywords aeronautical, digital, radio, testing, VHF ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
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© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2015. All rights reserved.
DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM and LTE™ are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. SIST EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1:2015
ETSI ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights . 6 Foreword . 6 Modal verbs terminology . 6 Introduction . 7 1 Scope . 8 2 References . 9 2.1 Normative references . 9 2.2 Informative references . 10 3 Definitions and abbreviations . 11 3.1 Definitions . 11 3.1.1 Basic reference model definitions . 11 3.1.2 Service conventions definitions . 11 3.1.3 General definitions . 11 3.2 Abbreviations . 15 4 General description and architecture of VDL Mode 4 . 16 4.1 General . 16 5 VDL mode 4 physical layer functional specifications . 16 5.1 Overview . 16 5.1.1 Functions . 16 5.1.2 Data reception . 17 5.1.3 Data transmission . 17 5.2 Modulation scheme . 17 6 VDL Mode 4 equipment requirements . 17 6.1 Receiver requirements . 17 6.1.1 Receiver operating range . 17 6.1.2 BER requirement . 17 6.1.3 Reference signal level . 18 6.1.4 Sensitivity . 18 6.1.5 Adjacent channel rejection . 18 6.1.6 Receiver performance in the presence of strong signals inside the VHF aeronautical band . 18 6.1.7 Receiver performance in the presence of strong signals outside the VHF aeronautical band . 19 6.1.8 Desired signal dynamic range . 19 6.1.9 Symbol rate capture range . 19 6.1.10 Frequency capture range . 20 6.1.11 Doppler rate . 20 6.1.12 Co-channel interference . 20 6.1.13 Conducted spurious emission . 20 6.1.14 FM broadcast intermodulation . 20 6.1.14.1 Radio frequencies in the band 112,000 MHz to 137,000 MHz . 20 6.1.15 In-band intermodulation . 20 6.2 Transmitter requirements . 21 6.2.1 Transmitter operating range . 21 6.2.2 Channel bit rate . 21 6.2.3 Manufacturer's declared output power . 21 6.2.4 RF power rise time . 22 6.2.5 RF power release time . 22 6.2.6 Spurious emissions . 22 6.2.7 Adjacent channel power . 23 6.2.8 Wide-band noise . 23 6.2.9 Load VSWR capability . 24 6.2.10 Adjacent channel transient power . 24 6.2.11 Frequency tolerance . 24 6.2.12 Start of transmission . 24 SIST EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1:2015
ETSI ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04) 4 6.2.13 Structure of bursts . 24 6.3 Transceiver requirements . 25 6.3.1 Automatic transmitter shut-down . 25 6.3.2 Tuning time . 25 6.3.3 Receiver to transmitter turnaround time . 25 6.3.4 Transmitter to receiver turnaround time . 25 6.3.5 Short power interrupt . 25 6.3.6 Demodulator action. 25 6.3.7 System timing requirements . 25 6.3.8 Reservation table stored in memory . 26 6.3.9 Failure of associated equipment . 26 6.3.10 Simultaneous reception . 26 7 General design requirements . 26 7.1 Controls and indicators . 26 7.2 Class of emission and modulation characteristics . 26 7.3 Warm up . 26 7.4 Airworthiness . 26 7.5 Intended function . 26 7.6 Fire protection . 27 7.7 Operation of controls . 27 7.8 Accessibility of controls . 27 7.9 Effects of tests . 27 7.10 Failure of VDL Mode 4 equipment . 27 7.11 Software management . 27 7.12 Transceiver configuration . 27 7.13 Provision for multiple redundant VDL4 transceivers . 28 7.14 Reception capability . 28 7.15 Transmission capability . 28 7.16 Monitoring of proper operation . 28 7.17 Power-up self test . 29 8 Environmental test requirements . 29 8.1 Introduction . 29 8.2 Receiver . 30 8.3 Transmitter . 32 9 Detailed test procedures for the physical layer . 34 9.1 General requirements . 34 9.1.1 Test conditions . 34 9.1.2 Alignment, adjustment and calibration prior to test . 34 9.1.3 Recording of test results . 34 9.1.4 Connected load . 34 9.1.5 Test instrument precautions . 34 9.1.6 Simultaneous application of two signals to the receiver input . 35 9.1.7 Test frequencies . 35 9.1.8 Equipment configuration . 35 9.1.9 Detailed physical and MAC layer test procedures . 35 9.2 Receiver . 35 9.2.1 BER test . 35 9.2.2 Sensitivity . 37 9.2.3 Adjacent Channel Rejection (ACR) . 37 9.2.4 Rejection of signals in the VHF aeronautical band . 38 9.2.5 Rejection of signals outside the VHF aeronautical band . 39 9.2.6 Desired signal dynamic range . 40 9.2.7 Symbol rate capture range . 40 9.2.8 Frequency capture range . 41 9.2.9 Doppler rate . 41 9.2.10 Co-channel interference . 42 9.2.11 Conducted spurious emission . 42 9.2.12 FM broadcast intermodulation . 43 9.2.13 In-band intermodulation . 44 9.3 Transmitter . 45 SIST EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1:2015
ETSI ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04) 5 9.3.1 Channel bit rate . 45 9.3.2 Manufacturer's declared output power . 45 9.3.3 RF power rise time . 46 9.3.4 RF power release time . 46 9.3.5 Spurious emissions . 47 9.3.6 Adjacent channel power . 47 9.3.6.1 Method of measurement for the first adjacent channel . 47 9.3.6.2 Method of measurement for the second adjacent channel . 48 9.3.6.3 Method of measurement for the fourth adjacent channel . 49 9.3.6.4 Alternative measurement procedure for Adjacent Channel Power (ACP) . 50 9.3.7 Wideband noise . 51 9.3.8 Load VSWR capability . 52 9.3.9 Adjacent channel transient power . 53 9.3.10 Frequency tolerance . 54 9.4 Transceiver . 54 9.4.1 Tuning time . 54 9.4.2 Receiver to transmitter turn-around time . 54 9.4.3 Transmitter to receiver turn-around time . 55 10 Installed equipment requirements . 55 10.1 Introduction . 55 10.2 Equipment installation . 55 10.2.1 Aircraft environment. 55 10.2.2 Failure protection . 55 10.2.3 Aircraft power source . 55 10.3 Installed equipment performance requirements. 56 10.3.1 Dynamic response . 56 10.3.2 Interference effects . 56 10.3.3 Regular maintenance. 56 10.4 Conditions of test . 56 10.4.1 Power input . 56 10.4.2 Associated equipment or systems . 56 10.4.3 Environment . 56 10.5 Test procedures for installed equipment performance . 56 10.5.1 Ground test procedures . 57 10.5.1.1 Conformity inspection . 57 10.5.1.2 Interference tests . 57 10.5.1.3 Power supply fluctuation test . 57 10.5.1.4 Reception . 57 10.5.1.5 Transmission . 57 10.5.1.6 Functional behaviour tests . 57 10.5.1.7 Interface conformance tests . 58 10.5.2 Flight test procedures . 58 10.5.2.1 Interference effects . 58 10.5.2.2 System performance . 58 Annex A (informative): Cross reference matrix . 60 Annex B (informative): VDL Mode 4 link budget . 63 Annex C (informative): Bibliography . 70 History . 71
ETSI ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04) 6 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http://ipr.etsi.org). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Aeronautics (AERO). The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile (airborne) equipment, as identified below: Part 1: "Physical layer"; Part 2: "General description and data link layer"; Part 3: "Additional broadcast aspects"; Part 4: "Point-to-point functions". The present document is accompanied by an equivalent ground-based standard, ETSI EN 301 842 [i.7] parts 1 to 5, covering the VHF air-ground Data Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for ground-based equipment. NOTE: Minimum Operational Performance Specifications (MOPS) are also being developed for VDL Mode 4. EUROCAE have previously published Interim MOPS for VDL Mode 4 [i.2] which are a sub set of ETSI EN 302 842-1 (the present document), ETSI EN 302 842- 2 [7], ETSI EN 302 842-3 [8] and ETSI EN 302 842-4 [9]. ETSI EN 302 842-1 (the present document), ETSI EN 302 842-2 [7], ETSI EN 302 842-3 [8] and ETSI EN 302 842-4 [9] comply with the requirements of CEC Mandate M/318 [i.3].
National transposition dates Date of adoption of this EN: 6 April 2015 Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 July 2015 Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e):
31 January 2016 Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 January 2017
Modal verbs terminology In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions). "must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation. SIST EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1:2015
ETSI ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04) 7 Introduction The present document states the technical specifications for Very High Frequency (VHF) Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 aeronautical mobile (airborne) radio transmitters, transceivers and receivers for air-ground and air-air communications operating in the VHF band, using Gaussian Filtered Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation with 25 kHz channel spacing and capable of tuning to any of the 25 kHz channels from 112,000 MHz to 136,975 MHz as defined in ICAO VDL SARPs [2]. The present document may be used to produce tests for the assessment of the performance of the equipment. The performance of the equipment submitted for type testing should be representative of the performance of the corresponding production model. The present document has been written on the assumption that: • the type test measurements will be performed only once, in an accredited test laboratory and the measurements accepted by the various authorities in order to grant type approval; • if equipment available on the market is required to be checked it may be tested in accordance with the methods of measurement specified in the present document or a documented alternative approved by the certifying authority. SIST EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1:2015
ETSI ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04) 8 1 Scope The present document applies to the following radio equipment types: • Very High Frequency (VHF) Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 aeronautical mobile (airborne) radio transmitters, transceivers and receivers for air-ground and air-air communications operating in the VHF band, using Gaussian Filtered Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) modulation with 25 kHz channel spacing and capable of tuning to any of the 25 kHz channels from 112,000 MHz to 136,975 MHz as defined in ICAO VDL SARPs [2]. The present technical document provides part 1 of the technical specifications. The present document is designed to ensure that equipment certified to it will be compatible with the relevant ICAO VDL SARPs [2] and ICAO VDL4 Technical Manual [1]. Manufacturers should note that in future the tuning range for the transmitter and receiver may cover any 25 kHz channel from 108,000 MHz to 111,975 MHz. The present document applies to "aeronautical mobile (airborne and in some cases ground vehicles)" equipment which will hereinafter be referred to as "mobile" equipment. The scope of the present document is limited to mobile stations. The equivalent specification for ground stations is ETSI EN 301 842 [i.7]. The VDL Mode 4 system provides digital communication exchanges between aircraft and ground-based systems and other aircraft supporting surveillance and communication applications. The supported modes of communication include: • broadcast and point-to-point communication; • broadcast services including Automatic Dependent Surveillance - Broadcast (ADS-B), Traffic Information Service - Broadcast (TIS-B) and Flight Information Service - Broadcast (FIS-B) capabilities; • air-air and ground-air services; • operation without ground infrastructure. The present document is derived from the specifications:
• ICAO VDL4 Technical Manual [1] and ICAO VDL SARPs [2] produced under the auspices of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). • Other relevant standards as defined in clause 2. It is envisaged that manufacturers may provide equipment supporting: • broadcast services only; • point-to-point services only; • both broadcast and point-to-point services. The present document deals with tests of the physical layer necessary to support all types of equipment. The present document is organized as follows: • clause 2 provides references to relevant documents; • clause 3 provides general definitions, abbreviations and symbols used; • clause 4 provides a general description and architecture of VDL Mode 4; • clause 5 provides functional specifications applicable to the physical layer including transmitter/receiver requirements and the modulation scheme; • clause 6 provides VDL Mode 4 equipment requirements; SIST EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1:2015
ETSI ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04) 9 • clause 7 provides general design requirements; • clause 8 provides environmental test requirements; • clause 9 provides detailed test procedures for the physical layer; • clause 10 provides installed equipment requirements; • annex A provides a detailed cross-reference to the relevant requirements contained in reference [1]; • annex B provides an assessment of VDL Mode 4 Link Budget; • annex C provides a Bibliography; The full physical layer tests are provided which correspond closely to the standard set of tests used for other VDL systems. NOTE: Flight tests are defined in ETSI EN 302 842-2 [7]. Mandating and recommendation phrases a) "Shall" - The use of the word "Shall" indicates a mandated criterion; e.g. compliance with the particular procedure or specification is mandatory and no alternative may be applied. b) "Should" - The use of the word "Should" (and phrases such as "It is recommended that.", etc.) indicate that though the procedure or criterion is regarded as the preferred option, alternative procedures, specifications or criteria may be applied, provided that the manufacturer, installer or tester can provide information or data to adequately support and justify the alternative. 2 References 2.1 Normative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document. [1] ICAO Doc 9816 (First Edition 2004): "Manual on VHF Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4, Part 2: Detailed Technical Specifications". [2] ICAO Annex 10 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation: "Aeronautical Telecommunications, Volume III: Communication Systems, Part I: Digital Data Communication Systems, chapter 6", including Amendment 88 (applicable 14/11/13). [3] ISO/IEC 7498-1 (1994): "Information technology -- Open Systems Interconnection -- Basic Reference Model: The Basic Model". [4] ISO/IEC 10731 (1994): "Information technology -- Open Systems Interconnection -- Basic Reference Model -- Conventions for the definition of OSI services". [5] EUROCAE ED-12C/RTCA DO-178C: "Software Considerations in Airborne Systems and Equipment Certification", January 2012. SIST EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1:2015
ETSI ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04) 10 [6] EUROCAE ED-14G/RTCA DO-160G: "Environmental Conditions and Test Procedures for Airborne Equipment", May 2011. [7] ETSI EN 302 842-2 (V1.4.1): "VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile (airborne) equipment; Part 2: General Description and data link layer". [8] ETSI EN 302 842-3 (V1.4.1): "VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile (airborne) equipment; Part 3: Additional broadcast aspects". [9] ETSI EN 302 842-4 (V1.3.1): "VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile (airborne) equipment; Part 4: Point-to-point functions". 2.2 Informative references References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the reference document (including any amendments) applies. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. [i.1] ETSI EN 300 113-1: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Land mobile service; Radio equipment intended for the transmission of data (and/or speech) using constant or non-constant envelope modulation and having an antenna connector; Part 1: Technical characteristics and methods of measurement". [i.2] EUROCAE ED-108A: "MOPS for VDL Mode 4 Aircraft Transceiver for ADS-B", October 2005. [i.3] CEC Mandate M/318: "Mandate to CEN/CENELEC/ETSI for standardisation in the field of air traffic management systems and Galileo local components". [i.4] EASA CS-25: "Large Aeroplanes" Appendix F (previously Joint Airworthiness Requirements (JAR), Part 25). [i.5] EUROCAE ED-23C: "MOPS for airborne VHF receiver - transmitter operating in the frequency range 117.975-137.000 MHz". [i.6] RTCA DO-224C: "Signal-in-Space Minimum Aviation System Performance Standards (MASPS) for Advanced VHF Digital Data Communications Including Compatibility with Digital Voice Techniques". [i.7] ETSI EN 301 842 (all parts): "VHF air-ground Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for ground-based equipment". [i.8] ITU Radio Regulations. (2012). [i.9] Agilent Application Note (AN 1303): "Spectrum Analyser Measurements and Noise", 11th February 2003. [i.10] TIA/EIA/TSB-88-A (1999): "Performance in Noise and Interference-Limited Situations - Recommended Methods for Technology-Independent Modeling, Simulation, and Verification". SIST EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1:2015
ETSI ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04) 11 3 Definitions and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions 3.1.1 Basic reference model definitions The present document is based on the concepts developed in the open systems interconnect basic reference model and makes use of the following terms defined in ISO/IEC 7498-1 [3]: • layer; • sublayer; • entity; • service; • service access point; • service data unit; • physical layer; • data link layer. 3.1.2 Service conventions definitions The present document makes use of the following terms defined in ISO/IEC 10731 [4]: • service provider; • service user; • service primitive; • request; • indication; • confirm. 3.1.3 General definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: adjacent channel power: amount of the modulated rf signal power which falls within a given adjacent channel NOTE: Adjacent channel power includes discrete spurious, signal sidebands, and noise density (including phase noise) at the transmitter output. Adjacent Channel Rejection (ACR): receiver's ability to demodulate the desired signal and meet the BER requirement in the presence of an interfering signal in an adjacent channel NOTE: The ratio (in dB) between the adjacent interfering signal level and the desired signal level necessary to achieve the specified minimum BER, is the adjacent channel rejection (ACR) ratio. Aeronautical Mobile Service (AMS): mobile service between aeronautical stations and aircraft stations, or between aircraft stations, in which survival craft stations may participate Aeronautical Telecommunication Network (ATN): internetwork architecture that allows ground, air/ground, and aircraft data subnetworks to interoperate by adopting common interface services and protocols based on the International Organization for Standardization Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model SIST EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1:2015
ETSI ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04) 12 aircraft address: unique combination of 24 bits available for assignment to an aircraft for the purpose of communications, navigation and surveillance NOTE: An aircraft may choose not to use this unique address and can use instead a non-unique address. Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast (ADS-B): surveillance application transmitting parameters, such as position, track and ground speed, via a broadcast mode digital link for use by any air and ground users requiring it NOTE: ADS-B is a surveillance service based on aircraft self-determination of position/velocity/time and automatic, periodic or random, broadcast of this information along with auxiliary data such as aircraft identity (ID), communications control parameters, etc. ADS-B is intended to support multiple high-level applications and associated services such as cockpit display of traffic information, traffic alert and collision avoidance functionality, enhanced traffic management in the air and on the ground, search and rescue support and others. autotune function: function, performed by the Link Management Entity, that allows a ground VDL Mode 4 station to command an aircraft to change the operating characteristics of synchronization burst transmissions Bit Error Rate (BER): ratio between the number of erroneous bits received and the total number of bits transmitted burst length: number of slots across which the VDL Mode 4 burst is transmitted Co-Channel Interference (CCI): capability of a receiver to demodulate the desired signal and achieve the minimum specified BER performance in the presence of an unwanted signal at the same assigned frequency NOTE: The ratio (in
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ETSI EN 302 842-1 V1.3.1 (2015-04) is a standard published by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI). Its full title is "VHF air-ground and air-air Digital Link (VDL) Mode 4 radio equipment; Technical characteristics and methods of measurement for aeronautical mobile (airborne) equipment; Part 1: Physical layer". This standard covers: REN/AERO-00019-1
REN/AERO-00019-1
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