ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1 (2010-02)

Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN); Peer-to-peer for content delivery for IPTV services: analysis of mechanisms and NGN impacts

DTR/TISPAN-02075-NGN-R3

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 22-Feb-2010
• Technical Committee: TISPAN 2 - TISPAN Architecture
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 11-Feb-2010
• Completion Date: 23-Feb-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1 (2010-02)
Technical Report


Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and
Protocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN);
Peer-to-peer for content delivery for IPTV services:
analysis of mechanisms and NGN impacts

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2 ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1 (2010-02)



Reference
DTR/TISPAN-02075-NGN-R3
Keywords
analysis, IP, TV
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3 ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1 (2010-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 8
2.1 Normative references . 8
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Overview of peer-to-peer . 10
4.1 Network operator involvement in peer-to-peer . 10
4.2 Peer-to-peer in a network-operator CDN . 11
5 Use cases and requirements . 13
5.1 Use cases . 13
5.1.1 Delivery of stored/off-line content . 13
5.1.2 Delivery of streaming content . 13
5.1.3 Time-shift TV . 13
5.1.4 Metadata exchange . 13
5.1.5 Deliver content from IPTV Service Provider to Consumer . 14
5.1.6 Share any type of media/MIME type between users via the IPTV solution . 14
5.1.7 Acquire content from other than own third-party Content Providers by IPTV Service Provider . 14
5.1.8 Manage content within the IPTV solution . 14
5.1.9 End user contribute capacity to CDN . 14
5.1.10 Server capacity sharing . 14
5.1.11 Economical use of resources . 15
5.1.12 Efficient content delivery . 15
5.1.13 Content delivery in case of low bandwidth . 15
5.1.14 Flexible distribution of content . 15
5.1.15 Network Based Application Control Use Case . 15
5.1.16 Customer Profiling Use Case . 17
5.1.17 Peer-to-peer Content Download . 18
5.1.18 P2P usage for non subscription based services . 18
5.2 Requirements . 18
5.2.1 Segmentation . 18
5.2.2 Segments indexing . 19
5.2.3 RACS requirements . 19
5.2.4 Transport processing function requirements . 19
5.2.5 Segments switching . 19
5.2.5.1 Background . 19
5.2.5.2 Proxy mode . 20
5.2.5.3 Server negotiation mode . 20
5.2.5.4 Client involved mode . 21
5.2.6 Requirement about peer management . 21
6 Architecture studies . 21
6.1 General . 21
6.2 Centralized peer-to-peer architectures . 22
6.2.1 Description . 22
6.2.2 Strong points . 24
6.2.3 Weak points . 24
6.3 Super-nodes based peer-to-peer architectures . 24
6.3.1 Introduction. 24
6.3.2 Description . 25
6.3.3 Super-nodes based peer-to-peer architecture interface description . 26
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4 ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1 (2010-02)
6.3.4 Super-nodes based peer-to-peer architecture service flow diagram examples . 26
6.3.4.1 P2P media streaming request procedure in intra-domain . 27
6.3.4.2 P2P media streaming request procedure between domains . 27
6.4 Decentralized peer-to-peer architectures . 28
6.5 Fully distributed peer-to-peer architectures . 28
6.5.1 General . 28
6.5.2 Unstructured peer-to-peer networks . 28
6.5.3 Structured peer-to-peer networks . 29
6.5.4 Structured versus unstructured . 29
6.6 Challenges with peer-to-peer networks . 29
6.6.1 General . 29
6.6.2 Availability . 29
6.6.3 Decentralization . 29
6.6.4 Performance . 30
6.6.5 Integrity . 30
6.6.6 Network transparency . 30
6.7 NBAC Analysis and Information Flows . 30
6.7.1 Generic State Diagram . 30
6.7.2 NBAC specific functionalities . 31
6.7.3 Out-of-Band QoS with NBAC . 32
6.7.4 Bandwidth boost with NBAC . 34
6.7.4.1 Network Triggering Activation . 35
6.7.4.2 Bandwidth boost "start" . 36
6.7.4.3 Bandwidth boost "stop" . 37
6.7.4.4 Explicit Network Triggering de Activation . 38
6.7.4.5 Implicit Network Triggering de Activation . 39
6.7.5 Peer-to-peer traffic control with NBAC . 39
6.7.6 Audience Research with NBAC . 41
6.7.7 Network Triggering Activation. 43
6.8 Peer-4-peer initiative . 47
6.9 IETF Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) . 47
6.10 Peer-to-Peer Session Initiation Protocol (p2psip) . 48
6.11 Network-Aware P2P-TV Application over Wise Networks (NAPAwine) . 48
7 Customer profiling legal aspects . 48
8 For further study . 49
9 Epilog . 49
9.1 P2P for IPTV SP internal content delivery . 49
9.1.1 P2P for IPTV SP internal CDN . 49
9.1.2 P2P for in a IPTV SP CDN involving UE . 49
9.2 Active IPTV SP support of user-to-user P2P . 50
9.3 Network-Based Access Control (NBAC) . 50
Annex A: Network Based Application Control flow diagram example . 51
Annex B: Bibliography . 52
History . 53

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5 ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1 (2010-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Telecommunications and Internet
converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN).
Introduction
There is an ever growing demand for an ever wider variety of content and content services ("the long tail"). Content
may originate from all over the world, both from professional content makers and home-recorded user-generated
content. Roaming users may want to access the same content (BC channels and CoD) that they can access when they
are not roaming. The number of available "television channels" will explode from several tens to several hundreds and
more. The number of available titles in a content-on-demand library will grow from thousands to ten thousands or even
more. There will also be a separation between the delivery of the (encrypted) content itself, which is a bulk process, and
the trade of viewing rights using conditional access and/or digital rights management.
Peer-to-peer technologies are very effective for the delivery of streaming content further down the "long tail". However,
peer-to-peer content sharing also has some drawbacks on network capacity availability, the free cash flow of ISPs and
on customer experience due to slowed down throughput of broadband access and internet.
Peer-to-peer mechanisms could be interesting to IPTV providers in various ways.
• IPTV providers could offer peer-to-peer support as a service:
- caching and distributing content on behalf of the user;
- content management services for the CNG;
- session support for peer-to-peer delivery:
identity management (UPSF);
quality of service control (RACS);
service attachment (NASS).
• IPTV providers could also use peer-to-peer mechanisms for distribution of content (optimization):
- peer-to-peer delivery as alternative to static multicasting;
- peer-to-peer mechanisms to distribute content over regionally distributed MDF;
- peer-to-peer mechanism to have content be exchanged directly between UE or CNG, bypassing MDFs;
- super-peer-based solution architectures for content caching optimization.
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6 ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1 (2010-02)
The TISPAN Release-2 IPTV architectures (TS 182 027 [i.1] and TS 182 028 [i.2]) do not support peer-to-peer
mechanisms for content delivery. The basic assumption of the TISPAN R2 IPTV architectures is that all content
originates from an MDF, without any further assumptions how the content gets there in the first place.
TISPAN may develop a broader view on the origins of the content, and define interfaces for content origination for
example from:
• content providers;
• other IPTV Services providers; and
• users themselves.
Because of this broader view on the flow of content origins, it was considered useful to have a better understanding of
the mechanisms used to handle, distribute and deliver the content, resulting in the present document.
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7 ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1 (2010-02)
1 Scope
The present document is an ETSI Technical Report which contains only informative elements.
The words "shall" and "must" used in the present document either refer to requirements defined in other documents or
propose requirements that could be used later on in a document containing normative provisions such as a Technical
Specification or an ETSI Standard.
The present document analyses peer-to-peer technologies for content delivery for IPTV services: use cases,
requirements, architecture studies and other aspects.
The scope of the present document includes:
• Use cases and requirements:
- Types of peer-to-peer mechanisms:
delivery of stored/off-line content;
delivery of streaming content.
- Application of peer-to-peer mechanisms:
deliver content from IPTV Service Provider to Consumer;
share User-Generated Content (UGC) between users via the IPTV solution;
acquire content from third-party Content Providers by IPTV Service Provider;
manage content within the IPTV solution;
customer profiling based on traffic characteristics.
• Architecture studies:
- topology analysis;
- super-peer-based solution architectures;
- impact on TISPAN IPTV network architecture;
- impact on Customer Premises Network architecture.
• Other aspects:
- network aspects, transport level;
- security aspects, risk analysis;
- legal aspects;
- charging aspects;
- indexing aspects ("naming");
- concatenation of peer-to-peer ("NNI").
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8 ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1 (2010-02)
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ETSI TS 182 027: "Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for
Advanced Networking (TISPAN); IPTV Architecture; IPTV functions supported by the IMS
subsystem".
[i.2] ETSI TS 182 028: "Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for
Advanced Networking (TISPAN); NGN integrated IPTV subsystem Architecture".
[i.3] B. Carlsson; R. Gustavsson: "The Rise and Fall of Napster - An Evolutionary Approach"
Proceedings of the 6th International Computer Science Conference on Active Media Technology,
2001.
[i.4] J Liang, R. Kumar and K.W. Ross: "Understanding KaZaA" Technical Report, Polytechnic
University, New York, May 2004.
NOTE: Available at http://cis.poly.edu/~ross/papers/UnderstandingKaZaA.pdf.
[i.5] D.Brookshier, D. Govoni, N. Krishnan, J. C. Soto, "JXTA: Java P2P Programming", Sams
Publishing, 2002.
[i.6] S. Ratnasamy, P. Francis, M. Handley, R. Karp, and S. Shenker: "A scalable content-addressable
network" Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM'01, pages 161-172, August 2001.
[i.7] I. Stoica, R. Morris, D. Karger, M. F. Kaashoek, H. Balakrishnan, Chord: "A Scalable Peer-to-Peer
Lookup Service for Internet Applications", ACM SIGCOMM'01, 2001.
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9 ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1 (2010-02)
[i.8] The Gnutella Protocol specification.
NOTE: Available at http://www9.limewire.com/developer/gnutella_protocol_0.4.pdf.
[i.9] I. Clarke, Oskar S, O. Wiley and T. W. Hong, Freenet: "A distributed anonymous information
storage and retrieval system", Designing Privacy Enhancing Technologies, Springer, DOI
10.1007/3-540-44702-4-4, 2001.
[i.10] J. Liang, R. Kumar, and K. W. Ross: "The FastTrack Overlay: A Measurement Study", Computer
Networks, vol. 50, no. 6, pp. 842-858, Apr. 2006.
[i.11] Y. Chawathe, S. Ratnasamy, L. Breslau, N. Lanham, and S. Shenker: "Making gnutella-like p2p
systems scalable" Proc. of ACM SIGCOMM'03, Augustus 2003.
[i.12] A. Rowstron and P. Druschel: "Pastry: Scalable, decentralized object location and routing for
large-scale peer-to-peer systems" Proc. of 18th IFIP/ACM Conferenceon Distributed Systems
Platforms, November 2001.
[i.13] Y. B. Zhao, J. D. Kubiatowicz, and A. D. Joseph: "Tapestry: An infrastructure for faulttolerant
wide-area location and routing" Technical Report UCB/CSD-01-1141, UC Berkeley, April 2001.
[i.14] I. Abraham, A. Badola, D. Bickson, D. Malkhi, S. Maloo and S Ron: "Practical Locality-
Awareness for Large Scale Information Sharing" Peer-to-Peer Systems IV, Springer,
DOI 10.1007/11558989-16, 2005.
[i.15] M. Schlosser, M. Sintek, S. Decker, W. Nejdl, HyperCuP: "Hypercubes, Ontologies and P2P
Networks", Springer Lecture Notes on Computer Science, Vol. 2530, June 2003.
[i.16] M. Castro, M. Costa, and A. Rowstron: "Should we build gnutella on a structured overlay?"
ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 34(1):131-136, January 2004.
[i.17] J. A. Pouwelse, P. Garbacki, D. H. J. Epema, and H. J.Sips: "The Bittorrent P2P filesharing
system: Measurements and analysis", In 4th Int'l Workshop on Peer-to-Peer Systems (IPTPS),
Feb 2005.
[i.18] E. Adar and B. A. Huberman: "Free riding on gnutella" Technical report, Xerox PARC,
August 2000.
[i.19] N. Christin, A.S. Weigand, and J. Chuang: "Content availability, pollution and poisoning",
In ACM E-Commerce Conference. ACM, June 2005.
[i.20] A. Parker: "The true picture of peer-to-peer filesharing", http://www.cachelogic.com, July 2004.
[i.21] S. Seetharaman and M. Ammar: "Characterizing and mitigating inter-domain policy violations in
overlay routes", In Proc of ICNP, 2006.
[i.22] H.Xie, A. Krishnamurthy, A. Silberschatz and Y. R. Yang: "P4P: Providing Portal for
Applications", In Proc. of Sigcomm 2008.
[i.23] Comcast's ISP Experiences In a P4P Technical Trial, draft-livingood-woundy-p4p-experiences-03.
[i.24] ETSI ES 282 003: "Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for
Advanced Networking (TISPAN); Resource and Admission Control Sub-System (RACS):
Functional Architecture".
[i.25] RFC 5693: "Application-Layer Traffic Optimization (ALTO) Problem Statement".
[i.26] EU FP7 Project NAPAwine: "Network-Aware P2P-TV Application over Wise Networks".
[i.27] ETSI TS 182 019: "Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for
Advanced Networking (TISPAN); Content Delivery Network (CDN) architecture -
Interconnection with TISPAN IPTV architectures".
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10 ETSI TR 182 010 V3.1.1 (2010-02)
3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AF Application Function
A-RACF Access-Resource and Admission Control Function
ARC Audience Research Collector
BC BroadCast
BTF Basic Transport Functions
CDN Content Delivery Network
CNG Customer Network Gateway
CoD Content on Demand
CS Content Server
CSBF Capability and Service Binding Function
EPG Electronic Program Guide
FTP File Transfer Protocol
HTTP HyperText Transfer Protocol
IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol
IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
IPTV IP Television
ISP Internet Service Provider
MCF Media Control Function
MDF Media Delivery Function
MF Media Function
NASS Network Attachment SubSystem
NBAC Network Based Application Control
NGN Next Generation Network
NNI Network Network Interface
NPTF Network Pattern Triggering Function
OTT Over The Top service
P2P Peer-To-Peer
PASDF Pattern Analysis and Service Discovery F
...