ETSI TS 101 602 V1.1.1 (2013-07)

Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Technical Specification on Preliminary Tests and Trial to verify mitigation techniques used by RFID systems for sharing spectrum between RFID and ER-GSM

DTS/ERM-TG34-19

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 23-Jul-2013
• Technical Committee: ERM TG34 - ERM RF Identification Devices
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 23-Jul-2013
• Completion Date: 24-Jul-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TS 101 602 V1.1.1 (2013-07)






Technical Specification
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Technical Specification on Preliminary Tests
and Trial to verify mitigation techniques
used by RFID systems for sharing spectrum
between RFID and ER-GSM

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2 ETSI TS 101 602 V1.1.1 (2013-07)



Reference
DTS/ERM-TG34-19
Keywords
DAA, ER-GSM, radio, RFID
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© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2013.
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3 ETSI TS 101 602 V1.1.1 (2013-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 6
Foreword . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Background Information . 10
4.1 DAA process . 10
4.2 GSM-R . 11
5 Test Equipment . 11
5.1 RFID equipment . 11
5.1.1 Hardware . 11
5.1.2 Software . 11
5.2 GSM-R equipment . 11
6 Specification for conformance tests . 12
6.1 Radiated power (e.r.p.) . 12
6.1.1 Definition . 12
6.1.2 Method of measurement . 12
6.1.2.1 Radiated measurement . 12
6.1.2.2 Conducted measurement . 13
6.1.3 Limits . 13
6.2 Transmitter spectrum mask . 14
6.2.1 Definition . 14
6.2.2 Method of measurement . 14
6.2.3 Limits . 15
6.3 Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain. 15
6.3.1 Definition . 15
6.3.2 Method of measurement . 15
6.3.2.1 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load, clause 6.3.2, a) i). 16
6.3.2.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 6.3.2, a) ii). 16
6.3.2.3 Method of measuring effective radiated power, clause 6.3.2, b) . 18
6.3.3 Limits . 18
6.4 Limits and methods of measurement for tag emissions - Radiated power (e.r.p.) . 18
6.4.1 Definition . 18
6.4.2 Method of measurement . 18
6.4.2.1 Method of measuring the power in an un-modulated sub-carrier, clause 6.4.2, a) . 18
6.4.2.2 Method of measuring the power in a modulated sub-carrier, clause 6.4.2, b) . 20
6.4.3 Limits . 21
6.5 Limits and methods of measurement for tag emissions - Unwanted emissions . 21
6.5.1 Definition . 21
6.5.2 Method of measurement . 21
6.5.3 Limits . 22
7 Specification for Preliminary tests . 23
7.1 Test site . 23
7.1.1 Location . 23
7.1.2 Test lab environment . 24
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4 ETSI TS 101 602 V1.1.1 (2013-07)
7.1.3 Test arrangement . 25
7.2 Measurement setup . 26
7.2.1 RFID equipment arrangement. 26
7.2.2 Demonstrator settings . 27
7.3 Test criteria . 28
7.4 Measurement procedure . 28
7.4.1 Railway operation detection time and level . 28
7.4.1.1 Railway operation detection time when a BTS is powered up after a demonstrator (demonstrator
in-operation test) . 29
7.4.1.2 Railway operation detection time when BTS is powered up before the demonstrator
(demonstrator start-up test) . 29
7.4.1.3 Railway operation detection level . 29
7.4.2 Impact from GSM-R BTS on RFID system with BLF=640 kHz . 30
7.4.3 Impact from GSM-R Mobile on RFID system with BLF=640 kHz . 30
7.4.4 Two demonstrators simultaneously operating on the same high power channel . 31
7.4.5 Ability of demonstrators to reliably distinguish between another RFID demonstrator and avoid an
GSM-R designated channel . 31
8 Specification for field measurements . 32
8.1 Test site . 32
8.2 Measurement setup . 33
8.3 Measurement procedure . 33
8.3.1 Reference measurements . 34
8.3.2 Co-existence test in non-busy GSM-R environment . 34
8.3.3 Co-existence test in busy GSM-R environment . 35
8.3.4 Co-existence test while operating from train . 35
9 Observations and conclusions . 36
Annex A (informative): Compliance tests . 37
A.1 Introduction . 37
A.2 Radiated power (e.r.p.) . 37
A.3 Transmit spectrum mask . 38
A.4 Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain . 39
A.5 Tag spectrum mask . 42
A.6 Conclusions . 45
Annex B (informative): Preliminary test results . 46
B.1 Introduction . 46
B.2 Equipment settings applicable for all tests . 47
B.3 Tests in respect to clause 7.4.1.1 . 47
B.4 Tests in respect to clause 7.4.1.2 . 50
B.5 Tests in respect to clause 7.4.1.3 . 52
B.6 Tests in respect to clause 7.4.2 . 55
B.7 Tests in respect to clause 7.4.3 . 57
B.8 Tests in respect to clause 7.4.4 . 59
B.9 Tests in respect to clause 7.4.5 . 62
B.10 Conclusions . 66
Annex C (informative): Field trial test results . 67
C.1 Introduction . 67
C.2 Tests in respect to clause 8.3.1 . 69
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5 ETSI TS 101 602 V1.1.1 (2013-07)
C.3 Tests in respect to clause 8.3.2 . 74
C.4 Tests in respect to clause 8.3.3 . 75
C.5 Tests in respect to clause 8.3.4 . 76
C.6 Conclusions . 77
Annex D (informative): Bibliography . 78
History . 79

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6 ETSI TS 101 602 V1.1.1 (2013-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and
Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
Introduction
In order to accommodate the spectrum needs for the increasing number of RFID devices and systems, an extension band
has been requested for high power RFID systems in the range between 915 MHz and 921 MHz. This band is already
used by RFID in several countries worldwide and its designation in Europe would increase its functionality and simplify
the international movement of goods using RFID identification systems. In Europe, part of this new frequency band will
be shared between the primary user GSM-R and RFID. In order to guarantee an interference-free coexistence between
the two systems, mechanisms should be implemented by RFID systems to reduce the probability of interference to
GSM-R to a minimum. These techniques can be either regulatory, or technical mechanisms or of an operational nature.
The present document includes the results of the conformance test, preliminary tests, field trials specification and tests
results of UHF RFID systems using the cognitive mitigation techniques and procedures defined in [i.1] and [i.2].
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7 ETSI TS 101 602 V1.1.1 (2013-07)
1 Scope
The present document describes the test plan and the results of a series of tests and measurements that were performed
to verify the effectiveness of cognitive mitigation techniques applied to UHF RFID systems sharing the band 918 MHz
to 921 MHz with GSM-R.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 302 208 (V1.4.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Radio Frequency Identification Equipment operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with
power levels up to 2 W".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TS 102 902 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and radio spectrum matters (ERM);
Methods, parameters and test procedures for cognitive interference mitigation towards ER-GSM
for use by UHF RFID using Detect-And-Avoid (DAA) or other similar techniques".
[i.2] ETSI TS 102 903 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Compliance tests for cognitive interference mitigation for use by UHF RFID using Detect-And-
Avoid (DAA) or other similar techniques".
[i.3] ETSI ERM TG34: ERM-TG34#23-03, Measurement Report, Feasibility Tests between E-GSM-R
and UHF RFID at Kolberg, Germany, 25th to 26th June 2009.
[i.4] ETSI TR 102 649-2 (V1.3.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Technical characteristics of Short Range Devices (SRD) and RFID in the UHF Band; System
Reference Document for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and SRD equipment; Part 2:
Additional spectrum requirements for UHF RFID, non-specific SRDs and specific SRDs".
[i.5] ISO/IEC 18000-63:2013: "Information technology -- Radio frequency identification for item
management -- Part 63: Parameters for air interface communications at 860 MHz to 960 MHz
Type C".
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8 ETSI TS 101 602 V1.1.1 (2013-07)
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
Cognitive Radio System (CRS): radio system (optionally including multiple entities and network elements), which has
the following capabilities:
• obtains knowledge of the radio operational environment and established policies and monitors usage patterns
and users' needs;
• adjusts dynamically and autonomously its operational parameters and protocols according to this knowledge in
order to achieve predefined objectives, e.g. minimize a loss in performance or increase spectrum efficiency;
and
• learns from the results of its actions in order to further improve its performance.
demonstrator: interrogator extended with means to detect (E)R-GSM band use by railways under the scope of the
present document
Detect and Avoid: (DAA): technique used to protect radio communication services by avoiding co-channel operation
NOTE: Before transmitting, a system senses the channel within its operational bandwidth in order to detect the
possible presence of other systems. If the channel is occupied, the system avoids transmission until the
channel becomes available.
Downlink (DL): direction of communication from master to slave, where in the case of a typical RFID system the
direction flows from the interrogator to tag
Dynamic Frequency Allocation (DFA): protocol that allows for changing transmit frequency during operation
Dynamic Power Control (DPC): capability that enables the transmitter output power of a device to be adjusted during
operation in accordance with its link budget requirements or other conditions
ER-GSM: extended Railways GSM 900 band from 873 to 880 MHz / from 918 to 925 MHz (includes R-GSM band)
fixed: physically fixed, non-moving device; includes temporary installations as well
GSM-R: standard based GSM system for use by Railways in the designated R-GSM/ER-GSM band
interrogator: fixed or mobile data capture and identification device using a radio frequency electromagnetic field to
stimulate and effect a modulated data response from a transponder or group of transponders in its vicinity
link adaptation: result of applying all of the control mechanisms used in Radio Resource Management to optimize the
performance of the radio link
Listen Before Talk (LBT): spectrum access protocol requiring a cognitive radio to perform spectrum sensing before
transmitting
location awareness: capability that allows a device to determine its location to a defined level of precision
master: controls the radio resource changing actions (a device that controls the actions of other dependent devices)
mobile: physically moving device
radio environment map: integrated multi-domain database that characterises the radio environment in which a
cognitive radio system finds itself
NOTE: It may contain geographical information, available radio communication services, spectral regulations and
policies, and the positions and activities of co-located radios.
R-GSM: Railways GSM 900 band from 876 to 880 MHz / from 921 to 925 MHz
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9 ETSI TS 101 602 V1.1.1 (2013-07)
Service Level Agreement (SLA): defined level of service agreed between the contractor and the service provider
slave: performs the commands transmitted by its Master
Tari: length of a binary zero for interrogator to tag communication in ISO/IEC 18000-63 [i.5]
Uplink (UL): direction of communication from Slave to Master
white space: part of the spectrum, which is available for a radio communication application at a given time in a given
geographical area on a non-interfering/non-protected basis with regard to other services with a higher national priority
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
α pathloss exponent in the Friis Equation
dB decibel
d distance
f frequency measured under normal test conditions
fc centre frequency of carrier transmitted by interrogator
λ wavelength
Ω Resistance
∆f frequency offset
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ARFCN Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number
BCCH Broadcast Control Channel
BLF Backscatter Link Frequency
BTS Base Transceiver Station
CEPT Conférence Européenne des Postes et des Télécommunications
DAA Detect And Avoid
DB Deutsche Bahn
DL Downlink
EPC Electronic Product Code
ER-GSM Extended Railways GSM
GSM Global System for Mobile communications
GSM-R Global System for Mobile communication for Railways applications
ICE Inter-City-Express
M Miller subcarrier index
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RF Radio Frequency
RFID Radio Frequency Identification
R-GSM Railways Global System for Mobile communications
STF Special Task Force
TCH Traffic Channel
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TX Transmitter
UHF Ultra High Frequency
UII Unique Item Identifier
UL Uplink
USB Universal Serial Bus
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10 ETSI TS 101 602 V1.1.1 (2013-07)
4 Background Information
4.1 DAA process
The flow diagram at figure 1 shows the decision tree for determining whether a channel is available in the ER-GSM
band for use by RFID.

Figure 1: GSM-R DL detection for ER-GSM band and RFID DAA process
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11 ETSI TS 101 602 V1.1.1 (2013-07)
4.2 GSM-R
GSM-R is an application based on GSM technology used by the railways. In Europe, GSM-R uses the 876 MHz to
880 MHz band (uplink) and the 921 MHz to 925 MHz band (downlink). In addition, the frequency ranges 873 MHz to
876 MHz (uplink) and 918 MHz to 921 MHz (downlink) may be used by CEPT member states as extension bands for
GSM-R. The extension bands are called ER-GSM. In Germany these extension bands are already licensed to Deutsche
Bahn AG.
GSM carrier spacing is 200 kHz. Each GSM carrier has 8 logical channels, which means that 8 different communication
links are simultaneously possible.
GSM-R is a TDMA system, with frame periods of 4,612 ms for each physical channel. Each TDMA frame consists of
8 logical channels (time slots). One or more of these slots are used for BCCH transmissions.
For GSM-R the first carrier includes one or two time slots for BCCH. Deutsche Bahn for instance always uses two
timeslots, which means that the remaining 6 channels are for TCH. Any ad
...