ETSI ETR 154 ed.3 (1997-09)

Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation guidelines for the use of MPEG-2 Systems, Video and Audio in satellite, cable and terrestrial broadcasting applications

RTR/JTC-DVB-38

Digitalna videoradiodifuzija (DVB) – Smernice za uvajanje uporabe sistemov MPEG-2, videa in avdia v satelitskih, kabelskih in prizemnih radiodifuzijskih aplikacijah

General Information

• Status: Withdrawn
• Publication Date: 05-Oct-1997
• Withdrawal Date: 19-Jul-2017
• Technical Committee: BROADCAS - EBU/CENELEC/ETSI on Broadcasting
• Current Stage: 50 - Withdrawn
• Due Date: 20-Jul-2017
• Completion Date: 20-Jul-2017
• Mandate: T-304
• Ref Project: SIST-TP ETR 154 E3:2005 - Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation guidelines for the use of MPEG-2 Systems, Video and Audio in satellite, cable and terrestrial broadcasting applications

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST-TP ETR 154 E3:2005
01-november-2005
Digitalna videoradiodifuzija (DVB) – Smernice za uvajanje uporabe sistemov MPEG
-2, videa in avdia v satelitskih, kabelskih in prizemnih radiodifuzijskih aplikacijah
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Implementation guidelines for the use of MPEG-2
Systems, Video and Audio in satellite, cable and terrestrial broadcasting applications
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETR 154 Edition 3
ICS:
33.170 Televizijska in radijska Television and radio
difuzija broadcasting
SIST-TP ETR 154 E3:2005 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------

SIST-TP ETR 154 E3:2005

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------

SIST-TP ETR 154 E3:2005
ETSI ETR 154
TECHNICAL September 1997
REPORT Third Edition
Source: EBU/CENELEC/ETSI JTC Reference: RTR/JTC-00DVB-38
ICS: 33.020
Key words: DVB, broadcasting, digital, video, MPEG, TV
European Broadcasting Union Union Européenne de Radio-Télévision
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB);
Implementation guidelines for the use of
MPEG-2 Systems, Video and Audio in satellite, cable
and terrestrial broadcasting applications
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: [e-mail]
Tel.: [phone] - Fax: [phone]
Copyright Notification:
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1997.
© European Broadcasting Union 1997.
All rights reserved.

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------

SIST-TP ETR 154 E3:2005
Page 2
ETR 154: September 1997
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------

SIST-TP ETR 154 E3:2005
Page 3
ETR 154: September 1997
Contents
Foreword .5
Introduction.6
1 Scope .8
2 References.8
3 Definitions and abbreviations .9
3.1 Definitions .9
3.2 Abbreviations .9
4 Systems layer.10
4.1 Broadcast bitstreams and Baseline IRDs .10
4.1.1 Introduction (ISO/IEC 13818-1, section 0) .10
4.1.2 Packetized Elementary Stream (PES) (ISO/IEC 13818-1, section 0.4) .10
4.1.3 TS system target decoder (ISO/IEC 13818-1, section 2.4.2).11
4.1.4 Transport packet layer (ISO/IEC 13818-1, section 2.4.3.2) .11
4.1.4.1 Null packets .11
4.1.4.2 Transport packet header .11
4.1.4.2.1 transport_error_indicator .11
4.1.4.2.2 transport_priority.11
4.1.4.2.3 transport_scrambling_control .11
4.1.4.2.4 Packet IDentifier (PID) values for
Service Information (SI) Tables .11
4.1.5 Adaptation field (ISO/IEC 13818-1, section 2.4.3.4) .11
4.1.5.1 Random_access_indicator .11
4.1.5.2 elementary_stream_priority_indicator.11
4.1.5.3 Program Clock Reference (PCR) .12
4.1.5.4 Other fields .12
4.1.6 Packetized Elementary Stream (PES) Packet (ISO/IEC 13818-1, section
2.4.3.6) .12
4.1.6.1 stream_id.12
4.1.6.2 PES_scrambling_control .12
4.1.6.3 PES_priority.12
4.1.6.4 copyright and original_or_copy.12
4.1.6.5 Trick mode fields .13
4.1.6.6 additional_copy_info .13
4.1.6.7 Optional fields.13
4.1.6.8 PES_extension_field.13
4.1.7 Program Specific Information (PSI) (ISO/IEC 13818-1, section 2.4.4) .13
4.1.8 Program and elementary stream descriptors (ISO/IEC 13818-1, section
2.6) .14
4.1.8.1 video_stream_descriptor and audio_stream_descriptor .14
4.1.8.2 hierarchy_descriptor .14
4.1.8.3 registration_descriptor .14
4.1.8.4 data_stream_alignment_descriptor .14
4.1.8.5 target_background_grid_descriptor.14
4.1.8.6 video_window_descriptor .14
4.1.8.7 Conditional Access CA_descriptor .15
4.1.8.8 ISO_639_Language_descriptor.15
4.1.8.9 system_clock_descriptor .15
4.1.8.10 multiplex_buffer_utilization_descriptor .15
4.1.8.11 copyright_descriptor .15
4.1.8.12 maximum_bitrate_descriptor .15
4.1.8.13 private_data_indicator_descriptor.15
4.1.8.14 STD_descriptor.15

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------

SIST-TP ETR 154 E3:2005
Page 4
ETR 154: September 1997
4.1.8.15 IBP_descriptor. 15
4.1.8.16 smoothing_buffer_descriptor . 15
4.1.9 Compatibility with ISO/IEC 11172-1 (ISO/IEC 13818-1, section 2.8) . 16
4.1.10 Storage Media Interoperability. 16
4.2 Bitstreams from storage applications and IRDs with digital interfaces . 16
4.2.1 Partial TSs . 16
4.2.2 Decoding of Trick Play data (ISO/IEC 13818-1, section 2.4.3.7) . 16
5 Video. 17
5.1 25 Hz SDTV IRDs and Bitstreams . 17
5.1.1 Profile and level . 17
5.1.2 Frame rate . 17
5.1.3 Aspect ratio. 18
5.1.4 Luminance resolution. 19
5.1.5 Chromaticity Parameters . 20
5.1.6 Chrominance . 21
5.1.7 Video sequence header. 21
5.2 25 Hz HDTV IRDs and Bitstreams. 21
5.2.1 Profile and level . 21
5.2.2 Frame rate . 21
5.2.3 Aspect ratio. 22
5.2.4 Luminance resolution. 22
5.2.5 Chromaticity Parameters . 22
5.2.6 Chrominance . 23
5.2.7 Video sequence header. 23
5.2.8 Backwards Compatibility. 23
5.3 30 Hz SDTV IRDs and Bitstreams . 23
5.3.1 Profile and level . 23
5.3.2 Frame rate . 23
5.3.3 Aspect ratio. 24
5.3.4 Luminance resolution. 25
5.3.5 Chromaticity Parameters . 26
5.3.6 Chrominance . 26
5.3.7 Video sequence header. 26
5.4 30 Hz HDTV IRDs and Bitstreams. 26
5.4.1 Profile and level . 26
5.4.2 Frame rate . 26
5.4.3 Aspect ratio. 27
5.4.4 Luminance resolution. 27
5.4.5 Chromaticity Parameters . 28
5.4.6 Chrominance . 28
5.4.7 Video sequence header. 28
5.4.8 Backwards Compatibility. 28
6 Audio. 28
6.1 Audio mode . 29
6.2 Compression layer .29
6.3 Bit rate. 29
6.4 Sampling frequency.30
6.5 Emphasis . 30
6.6 Cyclic redundancy code . 30
Annex A (informative): Examples of full screen luminance resolutions for SDTV and HDTV. 31
History. 32

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------

SIST-TP ETR 154 E3:2005
Page 5
ETR 154: September 1997
Foreword
This ETSI Technical Report (ETR) has been produced under the authority of the Joint Technical
Committee (JTC) of the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), Comité Européen de Normalisation
ELECtrotechnique (CENELEC) and the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
This ETR is based on the DVB document A001 revision 2, dated July 1997, and it may be converted into
an ETS after market feedback. For this purpose, the wording of an ETS rather than an ETR is used.
ETRs are informative documents resulting from ETSI studies which are not appropriate for European
Telecommunication Standard (ETS) or Interim European Telecommunication Standard (I-ETS) status. An
ETR may be used to publish material which is either of an informative nature, relating to the use or the
application of ETSs or I-ETSs, or which is immature and not yet suitable for formal adoption as an ETS or
an I-ETS.
NOTE: The EBU/ETSI JTC was established in 1990 to co-ordinate the drafting of standards in
the specific field of broadcasting and related fields. Since 1995 the JTC became a
tripartite body by including in the Memorandum of Understanding also CENELEC,
which is responsible for the standardization of radio and television receivers. The EBU
is a professional association of broadcasting organizations whose work includes the
co-ordination of its members' activities in the technical, legal, programme-making and
programme-exchange domains. The EBU has active members in about 60 countries in
the European broadcasting area; its headquarters is in Geneva *.
* European Broadcasting Union
Case Postale 67
CH-1218 GRAND SACONNEX (Geneva)
Switzerland
Tel: [phone]
Fax: [phone]
Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) Project
Founded in September 1993, the DVB Project is a market-led consortium of public and private sector
organizations in the television industry. Its aim is to establish the framework for the introduction of
MPEG-2 based digital television services. Now comprising over 200 organizations from more than
25 countries around the world, DVB fosters market-led systems, which meet the real needs, and
economic circumstances, of the consumer electronics and the broadcast industry.

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------

SIST-TP ETR 154 E3:2005
Page 6
ETR 154: September 1997
Introduction
This ETR presents guidelines covering coding and decoding using the MPEG-2 system layer, video
coding and audio coding as defined in ISO/IEC 13818-1 [1], ISO/IEC 13818-2 [2] and ISO/IEC 13818-3 [3]
respectively.
The guidelines presented in this ETR for the Integrated Receiver-Decoder (IRD) are intended to represent
a minimum functionality that all IRDs of a particular class are required to either meet or exceed. It is
necessary to specify the minimum IRD functionality for basic parameters, if broadcasters are not to be
prevented from ever using certain features. For example, if a significant population of IRDs were produced
that supported only the Simple Profile, broadcasters would never be able to transmit Main Profile bit-
streams.
IRDs are classified in three dimensions as:
- "25 Hz" or "30 Hz", depending on whether the nominal video frame rates based on 25 Hz or
30000/1001 Hz (approximately 29,97 Hz) are supported. It is expected that 25 Hz IRDs will be used
in those countries where the existing analogue TV transmissions use 25 Hz frame rate and 30 Hz
IRDs will be used in countries where the analogue TV transmissions use 30000/1001 Hz frame
rate. There are also likely to be "dual-standard" IRDs which have the capabilities of both 25 Hz and
30 Hz IRDs.
- "SDTV" or "HDTV", depending on whether or not they are limited to decoding pictures of
conventional TV resolution. The capabilities of an SDTV IRD are a sub-set of those of an HDTV
IRD.
- "with digital interface" or "Baseline", depending on whether or not they are intended for use with a
digital bitstream storage device such as a digital VCR. The capabilities of a Baseline IRD are a sub-
set of those of an IRD with digital interface.
To give a complete definition of an IRD, all three dimensions need to be specified, e.g. 25 Hz SDTV
Baseline IRD.
It should be noted that in DVB systems the source picture format, encoded picture format and display
picture format do not need to be identical. For example, HDTV source material may be broadcast as an
SDTV bitstream after down-conversion to SDTV resolution and encoding within the constraints of Main
Profile at Main Level. The IRD receiving the bitstream may then up-convert the decoded picture for display
at HDTV resolution. With suitable down-conversion and up-conversion, the quality of the resultant HDTV
picture may be close to that of the original HDTV source.
Another notable feature of the DVB system is that a single Transport Stream (TS) may contain
programme material intended for more than one type of IRD. A typical example of this is likely to be the
simulcasting of SDTV and HDTV video material. In this case an SDTV IRD will decode and display SDTV
pictures whilst an HDTV IRD will decode and display HDTV pictures from the same TS.
Where a feature described in this ETR is mandatory, the word "shall" is used and the text is in italic; all
other features are optional. The functionality is specified in the form of constraints on MPEG-2 systems,
video and audio which the IRDs are required to decode correctly.
The specification of these baseline features in no way prohibits IRD manufacturers from including
additional features, and should not be interpreted as stipulating any form of upper limit to the performance.
The guidelines do not cover features, such as the IRD's up-sampling filter, which affect the quality of the
displayed picture rather than whether the IRD is able to decode pictures at all. Such issues are left to the
marketplace.
The guidelines presented for IRDs observe the following principles:
- wherever practical, IRDs should be designed to allow for future compatible extensions to the bit-
stream syntax;
- all "reserved" and "private" bits in MPEG-2 systems, video and audio should be ignored by IRDs not
designed to make use of them.

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------

SIST-TP ETR 154 E3:2005
Page 7
ETR 154: September 1997
The rules of operation for the encoders are features and constraints which the encoding system should
adhere to in order to ensure that the transmissions can be correctly decoded. These constraints may be
mandatory or optional. Where a feature or constraint is mandatory, the word "shall" is used and the text is
italic; all other features are optional.
Clauses 4 to 6 provide the guidelines for the Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) systems layer, video and
audio respectively. For information, some of the key features are summarized below, but clauses 4 to 6
should be consulted for all definitions:
Systems:
- MPEG-2 TS is used;
- Service Information (SI) is based on MPEG-2 program-specific information;
- scrambling is as defined in ETR 289 [5];
- conditional access uses the MPEG-2 Conditional Access CA_descriptor;
- Partial TSs are used for digital VCR applications.
Video:
- MPEG-2 Main Profile at Main Level is used for SDTV;
- MPEG-2 Main Profile at High Level is used for HDTV;
- the 25 Hz SDTV IRD supports 25 Hz frame rate;
- the 25 Hz HDTV IRD supports frame rates of 25 Hz or 50 Hz;
- the 30 Hz SDTV IRD supports frame rates of 24000/1001, 24, 30000/1001 and 30 Hz;
- the 30 Hz HDTV IRD supports frame rates of 24000/1001, 24, 30000/1001, 30, 60000/1001 and
60 Hz;
- SDTV pictures may have either 4:3, 16:9 or 2.21:1 aspect ratio; IRDs support 4:3 and 16:9 and
optionally 2.21:1 aspect ratio;
- HDTV pictures have 16:9 or 2.21:1aspect ratio; IRDs support 16:9 and optionally 2.21:1 aspect
ratio;
- IRDs support the use of pan vectors to allow a 4:3 monitor to give a full-screen display of a 16:9
coded picture of SDTV resolution.
Audio:
- MPEG-2 Layer I and Layer II is supported by the IRD;
- the use of Layer II is recommended for the encoded bit-stream;
- IRDs support single channel, dual channel, joint stereo, stereo and the extraction of at least a
stereo pair from MPEG-2 compatible multi-channel audio;
- sampling rates of 32 kHz, 44,1 kHz and 48 kHz are supported by IRDs;
- the encoded bit-stream does not use emphasis.

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------

SIST-TP ETR 154 E3:2005
Page 8
ETR 154: September 1997
1 Scope
This ETSI Technical Report (ETR) provides implementation guidelines for the use of MPEG-2 audio-visual
coding in satellite, cable and terrestrial broadcasting distribution systems. Both Standard Definition
Television (SDTV) and High Definition Television (HDTV) are covered. Guidelines for devices equipped
with a digital interface intended for digital VCR applications are also given in this ETR. It does not cover
applications such as contribution services which are likely to be the subject of subsequent "Guidelines"
documents.
The rules of operation for the encoders are features and constraints which the encoding system should
adhere to in order to ensure that the transmissions can be correctly decoded. These constraints may be
mandatory, recommended or optional.
2 References
This ETR incorporates by dated and undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to or revisions of any of these publications apply to this ETR
only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies.
[1] ISO/IEC 13818-1 (1996): "Coding of moving pictures and associated audio -
Part 1: Systems".
[2] ISO/IEC 13818-2 (1996): "Coding of moving pictures and associated audio -
Part 2: Video".
[3] ISO/IEC 13818-3 rev1 (1997): "Coding of moving pictures and associated audio
- Part 3: Audio".
[4] ISO/IEC 13818-9 (1996): "Coding of moving pictures and associated audio -
Part 9: Extension for Real-Time-Interface for systems decoders ".
[5] ETR 289: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Common Scrambling (CS) system
description".
[6] prEN 300 468: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for Service
Information (SI) in DVB systems".
[7] ETR 211: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Guidelines for the usage of
Service Information (SI) in DVB systems".
[8] ISO/IEC 11172-1: "Information Technology - Coding of moving pictures and
associated audio for digital storage media up to about 1,5 Mbit/s - Part 1:
Systems".
[9] ITU-T Recommendation J.17 (1988): "Pre-emphasis used on sound-programme
circuits".
[10] IEC CD - 100C/1883: Parts 1 and 4.
[11] EBU Recommendation R.68: "Alignment level in digital audio production
equipment and in digital audio recorders".

---------------------- Page: 10 ----------------------

SIST-TP ETR 154 E3:2005
Page 9
ETR 154: September 1997
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this ETR, the following definitions apply:
25hz SDTV IRD: An IRD which is capable of decoding and displaying pictures based on a nominal video
frame rate of 25 Hz from MPEG-2 Main Profile, Main Level bitstreams as specified in this ETR.
25hz SDTV bitstream: A bitstream which contains only Main Profile, Main Level video at 25 Hz frame rate
as specified in this ETR.
25hz HDTV IRD: An IRD that is capable of decoding and displaying pictures based on a nominal video
frame rate of 25 Hz or 50 Hz from MPEG-2 Main Profile, High Level bitstreams as specified in this ETR, in
addition to providing the functionality of a 25 Hz SDTV IRD.
25hz HDTV bitstream: A bitstream which contains only Main Profile, High Level (or simpler) video at
25 Hz or 50 Hz frame rates as specified in this ETR.
30hz SDTV IRD: An IRD which is capable of decoding and displaying pictures based on a nominal video
frame rate of 24000/1001(approximately 23,98), 24, 30000/1001 (approximately 29,97) or 30 Hz from
MPEG-2 Main Profile at Main Level bitstreams as specified in this ETR.
30hz SDTV bitstream: A bitstream which contains only Main Profile, Main Level video at 24000/1001, 24,
30000/1001 or 30 Hz frame rate as specified in this ETR.
30hz HDTV IRD: An IRD that is capable of decoding and displaying pictures based on nominal video
frame rates of 24000/1001, 24, 30000/1001, 30, 60/1001 or 60 Hz from MPEG-2 Main Profile, High Level
bitstreams as specified in this ETR, in addition to providing the functionality of a 30 Hz SDTV IRD.
30hz HDTV bitstream: A bitstream which contains only Main Profile, High Level (or simpler) video at
24000/1001, 24, 30000/1001, 30, 60/1001 or 60 Hz frame rates as specified in this ETR.
baseline IRD: An IRD which provides the minimum functionality to decode transmitted bitstreams as
recommended in this ETR. It is not required to have the ability to decode Partial Transport Streams (TSs)
as may be received from a digital interface connected to digital bitstream storage device such as a digital
VCR.
IRD with digital interface: An IRD which has the ability to decode Partial Transport Streams (TSs)
received from a digital interface connected to digital bitstream storage device such as a digital VCR as
specified in this ETR, in addition to providing the functionality of a Baseline IRD.
pan vector: Horizontal offset in video frame centre position.
Partial Transport Stream (TS): Bitstream derived from an MPEG-2 TS by removing those TS Packets
that are not relevant to one particular selected programme, or a number of selected programmes.
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this ETR, the following abbreviations apply:
CA Conditional Access
DVB Digital Video Broadcasting
ES Elementary Stream
ESCR Elementary Stream Clock Reference
I-Frame Intra-coded Frame
IRD Integrated Receiver-Decoder
HDTV High Definition TeleVision
MPEG Moving Pictures Experts Group
NIT Network Information Table
PAT Program Association Table
PCR Program Clock Reference

---------------------- Page: 11 ----------------------

SIST-TP ETR 154 E3:2005
Page 10
ETR 154: September 1997
PES Packetized Elementary Stream
PID Packet IDentifier
PMT Program Map Table
PSI Program Specific Information
PSW Pan and Scan Window
SI Service Information
SDTV Standard Definition Television
STD System Target Decoder
TS Transport Stream
TSDT Transport Stream Description Table
T-STD Transport Stream System Target Decoder
VCR Video Cassette Recorder
4 Systems layer
This clause describes the guidelines for encoding the systems layer of MPEG-2 in DVB broadcast
bit-streams, and for decoding this layer in the IRD. The source bitstream may be transmitted via a
satellite, cable or terrestrial channel, or via a digital interface. Subclause 4.1 applies to the encoding of all
source bitstreams and their decoding by a Baseline IRD. Subclause 4.2 gives specific information relating
to bitstreams transmitted via a digital interface intended for VCR applications and decoding by IRDs
equipped with such an interface.
4.1 Broadcast bitstreams and Baseline IRDs
The multiplexing of baseband signals and associated data conforms to ISO/IEC 13818-1 [1]. Some of the
parameters and fields are not used in the DVB System and these restrictions are described below. To
allow full compliance to ISO/IEC 13818-1 [1] and upward compatibility with future enhanced versions, a
DVB IRD shall be able to skip over data structures which are currently "reserved", or which correspond to
functions not implemented by the IRD. As an example of this capability, a descriptor tag not yet defined
within the DVB System shall be interpreted as a no-action tag, its length field correctly decoded and
subsequent data skipped.
For the same reason, IRD design should be made under the assumption that any legal structure as
permitted by ISO/IEC 13818-1 [1] may occur in the broadcast stream even if presently reserved or
unused. Therefore the following is assumed:
- private data shall only be acted upon by decoders which are so enabled;
- filling out the bit-stream shall be carried out using the normal stuffing mechanism. Reserved fields
shall not be used for this purpose. Data of reserved fields shall be set to 0xFF.
The headings below in this clause are based on ISO/IEC 13818-1 [1]. The numbers in brac
...