ETSI TR 183 056 V2.1.1 (2009-02)

Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN); Feasibility study on new methods for Overlap Sending

DTR/TISPAN-03111-NGN-R2

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 02-Feb-2009
• Technical Committee: TISPAN 3 - TISPAN Protocols
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 19-Dec-2008
• Completion Date: 03-Feb-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 183 056 V2.1.1 (2009-02)
Technical Report


Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and
Protocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN);
Feasibility study on new methods for Overlap Sending

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2 ETSI TR 183 056 V2.1.1 (2009-02)



Reference
DTR/TISPAN-03111-NGN-R2
Keywords
IMS, signalling
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3 ETSI TR 183 056 V2.1.1 (2009-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.5
Foreword.5
Introduction .5
1 Scope.6
2 References.6
2.1 Normative references.6
2.2 Informative references.6
3 Definitions and abbreviations.7
3.1 Definitions.7
3.2 Abbreviations.7
4 Requirements and Issues .8
4.1 Requirements.8
4.2 Issues.8
4.2.1 Routing related issues: .9
4.2.2 Interrelation with number portability.9
4.2.3 Interrelation with the support of wildcard PUID .9
4.2.4 No IMS defined solutions .10
4.2.5 Overlap Scenarios supported.10
4.2.5.1 Overlap transit.10
4.2.5.2 Terminating overlap.10
4.2.5.3 Originating overlap (IMS PES).11
4.2.6 Different error responses for incomplete and unknown number.11
5 Overview of technical solutions.11
5.1 General.11
5.2 Mechanisms for the Reduction of Signalling Load .12
5.2.1 Provisioning of Number Length Information within Extension of the Error-Info Field.12
5.2.1.1 Procedures.12
5.2.1.2 Encoding.14
5.2.2 Provisioning of Number Length Information within min/max Digit MIME body .15
5.2.2.1 Procedures.15
5.2.2.2 Encoding .15
5.2.3 Digit Collection at AGCF or VGW .16
5.2.4 Provisioning of Number Length Information within the SIP Reason header .16
5.2.4.1 Procedures.16
5.2.4.2 Encoding.16
5.3 Routeing Methods for Transmitting SIP networks.16
5.3.1 Overlap signalling using SIP in-dialog messages .16
5.3.2 Multiple INVITE method .17
5.3.2.1 Call ID Extended Routeing logic .17
5.3.2.2 Use of deterministic routeing configuration.18
5.4 Interworking.19
5.4.1 Interworking between in-dialog and multiple-INVITE methods.19
5.4.1.1 General.19
5.4.1.2 Call from network supporting the in-dialog method .19
5.4.1.3 Call from network supporting the multiple-INVITE method.22
5.4.2 Interworking towards networks not supporting overlap signalling.25
5.4.2.1 Forwarding overlap signalling and handling error responses from the network not supporting
overlap in appropriate manner in originating network as specified in TS 129 163.25
6.4.2.2 Digit Collection in originating network and forwarding en-bloc signalling. .26
5.5 Impacts on other interfaces/nodes in the IMS network .26
5.5.1 I-CSCF Impacts.26
5.5.2 SLF.27
5.5.3 S-CSCF.27
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4 ETSI TR 183 056 V2.1.1 (2009-02)
5.5.3.1 Originating.27
6 Comparison of solutions.28
6.1 Comparison of Signalling load reductions mechanisms.28
6.1.1 URL method (see clause 5.2).28
6.1.1.1 Pros.28
6.1.1.2 Cons.28
6.1.2 MIME method (see clause 5.3).28
6.1.2.1 Pros.28
6.1.2.2 Cons.28
6.1.3 Digit Collection at AGCF or VGW (see clause 5.2.3).29
6.1.3.1 Pros.29
6.1.3.2 Cons.29
6.1.4 Reason method (see clause 5.2.4).29
6.1.4.1 Pros.29
6.1.4.2 Cons.29
6.1.5 Conclusions.29
6.2 Comparison of Routeing mechanisms for Transmitting SIP networks .29
6.2.0 Comparison Criteria.29
6.2.1 In Dialog method (see clause 5.5).30
6.2.2 Multiple INVITEs method (see clause 5.5 and related to clauses 5.2 and 5.3).31
6.3 Comparison of mechanisms for interworking towards networks not supporting overlap signalling.32
6.3.1 Forwarding overlap signalling and handling error responses from the network not supporting overlap
in appropriate manner in originating network.32
6.3.1.1 Pros.32
6.3.1.2 Cons.32
6.3.2 Digit Collection in originating network and forwarding en-bloc signalling. .32
6.3.2.1 Pros.32
6.3.2.2 Cons.32
6.4 Impacts of inter-working between In-Dialog and Multi-INVITE overlap methods .32
7 Final Conclusion.33
Annex A: (network option): Call ID extended Overlap Dialling Procedures.34
A.1 Actions at the originating VGW/AGCF.34
A.1.1 Terminating overlap signalling at originating VGW/AGCF .34
A.1.2 Sending of INVITE without determining the end of address signalling .35
A.1.3 Special handling of 404 Not Found and 484 Address Incomplete responses after sending of INVITE
without determining the end of address signalling .36
A.2 Actions at the terminating VGW/AGCF .37
A.3 Timers.37
Annex B: Example calculation for signalling load reduction as achieved by different
proposals.38
History .41

ETSI

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5 ETSI TR 183 056 V2.1.1 (2009-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Telecommunications and Internet
converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking (TISPAN).
Introduction
The SIP protocol has been designed for terminal types that send the address information en-bloc rather than a digit at a
time. Whilst this is not an issue for terminals such as PCs and mobile phones, this is an issue for stimulus mode
terminals such as telephones.
If the gateway controller that is controlling the access gateway for telephones, cannot determine the number length from
the initial dialled digits, the procedures for an O-IWU described in ITU-T Recommendation Q.1912.5 [i.4] and its ETSI
endorsement are either to apply a timer to collect digits or to send an INVITE message with the digits collected so far to
avoid call setup delays due to this timer. If the INVITE contains incomplete digits, a SIP proxy in the session
establishment path can return a SIP 404 "not found" or SIP 484, 'Number Incomplete Message' error response. For
instance, the I-CSCF [i.4] acting as entry point to the terminating IMS will return a 404 response. An I-IWU as
described in ITU-T Recommendation Q.1912.5 [i.4] will return a SIP 484 error response.
On receipt of the next digit the Gateway Controller may send a new INVITE with all the digits collected. If this is not
enough then it will be rejected again along with sending the 484 or 404 message. This can be repeated digit by digit,
with the session attempts progressing deeper and deeper into the network with the associated waste of signalling
bandwidth and processing.
The present document proposes a number of mechanisms that will help minimize these wasteful overheads without
impacting on the original mechanism and SIP. It also describes alternative mechanisms, one using SIP in-dialog
messages, to transport the additional digits, once an early dialog has been established with the remote SIP entity.
In addition, impacts to overlap routeing in SIP networks are also investigated.
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6 ETSI TR 183 056 V2.1.1 (2009-02)
1 Scope
The present document purpose is to investigate new methods for providing overlap sending originating from PSTN
Networks and devices. The expectation is that such methods would save on processing that the present method for
overlap sending deploys. It is also the aim of this investigation to be fully backward compatible, have no impact upon
the SIP signalling protocols, and have a minimal impact upon the existing SIP nodes.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ETSI ES 283 003: "Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for
Advanced Networking (TISPAN); IP Multimedia Call Control Protocol based on Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Session Description Protocol (SDP) Stage 3 [3GPP TS 24.229
(Release 7), modified]".
[i.2] IETF RFC 3261: "SIP: Session Initiation Protocol".
[i.3] IETF RFC 3578: "Mapping of Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) User Part (ISUP)
Overlap Signalling to the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)".
[i.4] ITU-T Recommendation Q.1912.5: "Interworking between Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) and
Bearer Independent Call Control protocol or ISDN User Part".
[i.5] ETSI TR 184 005: "Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for
Advanced Networking (TISPAN); Types of numbers used in an NGN environment".
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7 ETSI TR 183 056 V2.1.1 (2009-02)
[i.6] ETSI TS 129 228: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; IP Multimedia (IM) Subsystem Cx and Dx
Interfaces; Signalling flows and message contents (3GPP TS 29.228)".
[i.7] ETSI TS 129 229: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Cx and Dx interfaces based on Diameter protocol;
Protocol details (3GPP TS 29.229)".
[i.8] ETSI TS 129 163: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Interworking between the IP Multimedia (IM) Core
Network (CN) subsystem and Circuit Switched (CS) networks (3GPP TS 29.163)".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
deterministic routing: routeing method ensuring that subsequent INVITE requests for the same call are forwarded to
the same next hop
Incoming Interworking Unit (I-IWU): As defined in ITU-T Recommendation Q.1912.5 [i.4].
Outgoing Interworking Unit (O-IWU): As defined in ITU-T Recommendation Q.1912.5 [i.4].
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ACK ACKnowledge
AGCF Access Gateway Control Function
AGW Access GateWay
AS Application Server
B2BUA Back-to-Back User Agent
BGCF Border Gateway Control Function
BICC Bearer Independent Call Control
CSCF Call Server Control Function
DDI Direct Dialling In
DNS Directory Name Server
DTMF Dual Tone Multi Frequency
ENUM Electronic Number
IAM Initial Address Message
IBCF Interconnect Border Control Function
I-CSCF Interrogating - CSCF
ID IDentity
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
I-IWU Incoming Interworking Unit
IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
INFO Information message
ISUP ISDN User Part
ITU-T International Telecommunications Union - Telephony
MGC Media Gateway Controller
MGCF Media Gateway Control Function
MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions
NICC Network Interoperability Consultative Committee
O-IWU Outgoing Interworking Unit
OS-IWF Overlap Signalling Interworking Function
PBX Private
PC Personal Computer
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8 ETSI TR 183 056 V2.1.1 (2009-02)
P-CSCF Proxy CSCF
PES PSTN Emulation Subsystem
PSTN Public Service Telephony Network
PUID Public User Identity
S-CSCF Serving CSCF
SDP Service Description Protocol
SIP Session Initiation Protocol
SLF Server Local Function
S-CSCF Service Call Server Control Function
ST Signal Termination
TrGW Trunking GateWay
UAC User Agent Client
UE User Equipment
URI Uniform Resource Identifier
VGW Voice Gateway
XML eXtensible Markup Language
4 Requirements and Issues
4.1 Requirements
1) The use of the new overlap signalling mechanism(s) minimize the additional signalling and processing load.
2) Any new overlap signalling mechanism is to be fully backward compatible with the overlap Release 1 SIP
mechanism as described in RFC 3578 [i.3].
3) The entities collecting digits within the IMS network should be able to distinguish between unknown and
incomplete numbers.
4) Routeing Database requirements:
- There needs to be a mechanism in the database to handle an incomplete string, and the means of
signalling a unique response for a valid incomplete string.
- Support of a minimal length for the N(S)N part of Tel-URIs and "Types of Numbers" as drafted in
TR 184 005 [i.5], should only apply to numbers starting with country codes for countries that support
overlap dialling.
5) For the mechanism(s) based on RFC 3578 [i.3] and Q.1912.5 [i.4] every node in a network supporting overlap
signalling ensures that subsequent INVITE requests for the same call are forwarded to the same next hop as
the previous INVITE.
6) Networks supporting overlap and interfacing to networks that do not support overlap signalling will have to
interoperate with theses networks. Networks that do not support SIP overlap signalling will then be unaffected
when interworking with networks using SIP overlap dialling.
7) Networks supporting only specific overlap scenarios only need to implement the overlap extensions needed for
these scenarios.
8) The solution for overlap sending will not cause any unnecessary impacts on systems not directly concerned
with the use of overlap or en-bloc sending.
9) In the PES network the service level provided to the user should not be dependent on using overlap or en-bloc
sending.
4.2 Issues
The point when overlap sending required is assumed by the present document however this decision is made is outside
the scope of the present document and needs to be documented elsewhere.
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9 ETSI TR 183 056 V2.1.1 (2009-02)
4.2.1 Routing related issues:
1) When the S-CSCF or routing functions query ENUM, it needs to identify a valid incomplete string:
- Issue 1a: Separate entries are required in the database for each valid incomplete string.
Conclusion:
• An incomplete digit string may still be a valid entry for the routeing database, assuming that a routeing
decision based on this entry can be made:
- Issue 1b: The means of signalling a unique response for a valid incomplete string is required.
Conclusion:
• If an incomplete string is provisioned as a valid database entry, then the routing decision can be made. In this
case the session setup is progressed to the next hop and no SIP response is generated by the routing hop.
2) Deterministic routing is recommended based on text in ITU-T Recommendation Q.1912.5 [i.4] and
RFC 3578 [i.3]. RFC 3578 [i.3], paragraph 3.1 "One vs. Several Transactions":
- Issue 2a: All intermediate routing entities such as Application Servers, I-MGCF, Terminating UE and
terminating S-CSCF all need to route deterministically and therefore route the INVITE requests to the
same next hop.
NOTE: This is primarily an issue when routing to an MGCF, because multiple MGCFs may support routing to
the same final destination in the SIP to ISUP direction, there may be a need to associate caller id etc with
the IP addresses, etc. and different MGCF may be reached for reach new .SIP invite setup.
Conclusion:
• Only the entities that further propagate received overlap address information need to support the call-id
correlation. Terminating entities apply the normal terminating procedures:
- Issue 2b: Application Servers, I-MGCF, Terminating UE and terminating S-CSCF need to identify that
subsequent INVITE requests with the same call ID are related.
The BGCF needs to be able to identify a valid incomplete string for numbers not in ENUM (after ENUM query failure
before the BGCF is reached).
4.2.2 Interrelation with number portability
• Issue 3: At the point at which number porting information is retrieved, to enable portability in the DDI
enterprise cases, in the normal case is that you cannot port until the full number is received.
NOTE: It is not decided yet whether Number Portability is supported in TISPAN R2.
Conclusion:
• It could be necessary first to collect all digits transmitted in the overlap mode before a valid portability
response can be received.
On the other side the database of a number portability server could also include incomplete numbers like it is in
Germany where blockbuilding is done. Also PBX users cannot be forced to store their PBX dialling schema in an
...