ETSI ETR 300-4 ed.1 (1997-07)

Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Designers' guide; Part 4: Network management

DTR/TETRA-01011-4

Prizemni snopovni radio (TETRA) - Govor in podatki (V+D) - Navodilo za načrtovanje - 4. del: Upravljanje omrežja

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 07-Jul-1997
• Technical Committee: TCCE 1 - TCCE User Requirements / Services
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 24-Jul-1997
• Completion Date: 08-Jul-1997
• Mandate: BC-T-344
• Ref Project: PSIST ETR 300-4:2001 - Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Designers' guide; Part 4: Network management

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
PSIST ETR 300-4:2001
01-februar-2001
3UL]HPQLVQRSRYQLUDGLR7(75$*RYRULQSRGDWNL9'1DYRGLOR]D
QDþUWRYDQMHGHO8SUDYOMDQMHRPUHåMD
Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); Voice plus Data (V+D); Designers' guide; Part 4:
Network management
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETR 300-4 Edition 1
ICS:
33.070.10 Prizemni snopovni radio Terrestrial Trunked Radio
(TETRA) (TETRA)
PSIST ETR 300-4:2001 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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PSIST ETR 300-4:2001

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PSIST ETR 300-4:2001
ETSI ETR 300-4
TECHNICAL July 1997
REPORT
Source: EP-TETRA Reference: DTR/TETRA-01011-4
ICS: 33.020
Key words: TETRA, network management
Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA);
Voice plus Data (V + D);
Designers' guide;
Part 4: Network management
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: [e-mail]
Tel.: [phone] - Fax: [phone]
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1997. All rights reserved.

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Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.

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Contents
Foreword .5
1 Scope .7
2 References.7
3 Definitions and abbreviations .7
3.1 Definitions .7
3.2 Abbreviations .8
4 General principles of network management.8
4.1 Introduction .8
4.2 What it does.9
4.3 General recommendations .9
4.4 Using network management as a tool .10
4.5 Management Functional Areas (MFA).10
5 Architecture and services.12
5.1 CNM/LNM concept.12
5.2 Services .12
5.2.1 Typical central services .12
5.2.2 Typical local services .13
5.3 Architectures.14
5.3.1 Single tier system .14
5.3.2 Multi-tier system .14
5.3.3 Multiple supplier system .15
6 Options for integration.16
7 User's specification check list .17
7.1 Matters to be taken into account.17
7.1.1 Organization of network management .17
7.1.2 Geographical division of management facilities .17
7.1.3 Distribution of management functions among players .17
7.1.4 Flexibility of the network management system.18
7.2 Writing requirements .18
7.2.1 What is in ETR 292 .18
7.2.2 Writing functional requirements.18
7.2.3 Writing requirements for network management protocols and platforms .19
7.2.4 Other requirements .19
Annex A: Annotated list of references .20
A.1 TMN.20
A.2 OSI management .20
A.3 SNMP .21
History.22

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Foreword
This ETSI Technical Report (ETR) has been produced by ETSI Project TErrestrial Trunked RAdio
(TETRA) of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
ETRs are informative documents resulting from ETSI studies which are not appropriate for European
Telecommunication Standard (ETS) or Interim European Telecommunication Standard (I-ETS) status.
An ETR may be used to publish material which is either of an informative nature, relating to the use or
application of ETSs or I-ETSs, or which is immature and not yet suitable for formal adoption as an ETS or
I-ETS.

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1 Scope
This ETSI Technical Report (ETR) is intended to serve as an informative reference document for network
operators or managers of mobile radio systems who are contemplating TErrestrial Trunked RAdio
(TETRA) solutions. It aims to explain the general requirements for network management, the implications
of different network architectures on the services needed at particular locations and how these can be
realised.
Within TETRA a standardized management interface (I5) will facilitate central management of inter-
working between different systems (e.g. systems from different manufacturers). Management at a central
level will generally require a different set of services to those provided locally in individual systems. Typical
'local' and 'central' services are summarized in this ETR (see subclause 5.2) and many of these are
defined in greater detail in ETR 292 [1].
The use of the standardized interface is just one option for integrating different management systems.
Other bespoke solutions may be required if additional central services are needed or if interface I5 is not
available in early releases of TETRA systems. This ETR examines alternative options (see clause 6) to
give practical guidance to those considering such integration and includes a useful check list for drawing
up user specifications for network management facilities (see clause 7).
2 References
For the purposes of this ETR the following references apply:
[1] ETR 292: "Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA); User requirements for network
management".
[2] ITU-T Recommendation M.3400: "TNM Management Functions".
The reader is referred to annex A for a list of further useful information.
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this ETR, the following definitions apply:
Base Station (BS): A physical grouping of equipment which provides the fixed portion of the air interface.
One BS transmits and receives radio signals to and from a single location area (a single region of
geographical coverage).
gateway: A device which will enable the interconnecting of two networks which inherently use different
and incompatible protocols.
network: A collection of subscriber terminals interconnected through telecommunications devices.
real time: Refers to the generation of network management information in a timeframe comparative to the
real life process that it is controlling or monitoring.
signalling: The exchange of information specifically concerned with the establishment and control of
connections, and with management, in a telecommunication network.
site: Physical location within the network.
subscriber activity log: A system record which contains information on attach/detach Individual TETRA
Subscriber Identity (ITSI); enable/disable terminal; registrations; location updates vs. time; call
re-establishment; authentication; call start time, call end time, and called party; type of call; supplementary
services invoked; whether uplink Bit Error Ratio (BER) or Message Error Rate (MER) are below an
operator pre-determined threshold; plus any other relevant activity record.

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subscriber data: A system record which contains information on the individual subscriber ITSI, Group
TETRA Subscriber Identities (GTSIs), supplementary services allowed, privileges allowed and other
system accesses allowed.
subscriber management: The functionality within the management system, for dealing with subscribers
to the system.
subscriber terminal: An equipment which an internal user can use to communicate with another user.
Mobile Stations (MS) and Line Stations (LS) are the only types of subscriber terminal.
supplementary service: A supplementary service modifies or supplements a bearer service or a
teleservice. A supplementary service cannot be offered to a customer as a stand alone service. It should
be offered in combination with a bearer service or a teleservice.
Switching and Management Infrastructure (SwMI): All of the TETRA equipment for a Voice plus Data
(V+D) network except for subscriber terminals. The SwMI enables subscriber terminals to communicate
with each other via the SwMI.
transaction (packet transaction): All the processes and procedures associated with the transmission of
one packet of information between peer network layer protocol entities on opposite sides of the air
interface.
transaction (voice transaction): Part of a voice call comprising the transmissions of each talking party.
The total of all transactions make up the call.
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this ETR the following general abbreviations apply:
ASN.1 Abstract Syntax Notation one
BER Bit Error Rate
BS Base Station
CMIP Common Management Information Protocol
CNM Central Network Management
GTSI Group TETRA Subscriber Identity
ISTI Individual TETRA Subscriber Identity
LNM Local Network Management
LS Line Station
MER Message Error Rate
MFA Management Functional Area
MIB Management Information Base
MS Mobile Station
NMF Network Management Facility
NMS Network Management System
RFC Request For Comment
OSI Open Systems Interconnect
SMI Structure of Management Information
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
SwMI Switching and Management Infrastructure
TMN Telecommunications Management Network
V+D Voice plus Data
4 General principles of network management
4.1 Introduction
Network management provides a distributed application enabling monitoring and control of network
resources, in order to control the overall environment in an orderly fashion. It has to interface across all of
the physical elements in a network, and to this end it is increasingly important that open standards are
adopted as the norm in all network elements, enabling the control of the network to be undertaken by an
integrated network management system.

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It is important to be able to receive information and apply controls to all elements in a network in an
efficient manner. The elements and services that are contained within a managed network need to be
modelled in an abstract manner, so as to allow the operator to exercise actions and controls without
needing in-depth knowledge of each of the pieces of equipment being managed.
4.2 What it does
Network management covers all activities concerned with monitoring and controlling a network e.g.
planning, building/expanding, operating and making the most efficient use of the available resources. The
typical features of a network management system are:
- planning;
- service provision;
- network monitoring;
- fault management;
- network traffic management;
- configuration (including subscriber management).
Network management applications are based around management frameworks, examples of these are
Open Systems Interconnect (OSI), Telecommunications Management Network (TMN) and Simple
Network Management Protocol (SNMP). These frameworks provide an inter-operable interface to achieve
interconnection between various types of equipment, communicating via a defined management protocol.
The two most common open protocols are Common Management Information Protocol (CMIP) and
SNMP.
A management framework enables the use of generic information models and standard protocols and
identifies uniquely the inter-operable interface for co-operating management applications. Typical
components of a framework are:
- managed objects:
- the term managed object is used as means to describe management information;
- Structure of Management Information (SMI):
- defines how to define new managed objects, places restrictions on their types and specifies
rules for naming. A collection of managed objects is viewed as the schema for the
Management Information Base (MIB);
- data representation:
- to express the format of the packets exchanged in a machine independent way, a formal
system is used, the most common form being Abstract Syntax Notation (ASN.1). This is used
in the definition of the MIB.
The interoperable interface = SMI + MIB + management protocol.
4.3 General recommendations
Management systems need to be flexible and have a distributed modular architecture that allows service
providers to adapt to customer needs. Given the sophistication and growth of services, a flexible
management environment has to be established in order to:
- enable rapid service deployment;
- promote faster service activation;
- efficiently manage and distribute data throughout the network.

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Network management systems should also aid the reduction of costs and the provisioning of services in a
competitive and timely manner, this can be addressed by:
- elimination of redundant processes and equipment;
- improvement in service responsiveness;
- tuning the performance and capacity of the network.
Flexibility of management systems can be achieved by incorporating more of the intelligence into the
network elements, this re-distribution of functionality will enable management systems to maintain a high
level end-to-end view of the services and resources being managed.
4.4 Using network management as a tool
Management tools provide the ability to take raw information from a managed system and convert that
information into an understandable form suitable for the person using it.
A network management terminal is capable of representing the network in a form which reflects the users
function and their need for information. This is not restricted to a purely physical interpretation of the
network, but can be used to show administrative information, such as usage, billing information,
subscriber statistics etc. Management terminals may be used by many functions within an organization,
e.g. network administrators and accountants.
Users access the same source of information, however it will be presented as different views of the
system. An accountant may display regions denoting financial centres. Each region containing tariff,
service and subscriber details, including details of calls made, network usage and discounting packages
for each subscriber or sub network.
The network administrator will be interested in the low level physical components and their inter-
connectivity within the whole system.
4.5 Management Functional Areas (MFA)
Management Functional Areas (MFAs) are described in ITU-T Recommendation M.3400 [2]. A MFA will
contain many management functions, which are the smallest part of the management framework as
described by TMN. Table 1 provides an overview of each of the MFAs.

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Table 1: Overview of MFAs
Functional Area Description
Performance This provides functions to evaluate and report on the behaviour of equipment
and the effectiveness of the operation of the network. The functions generally
supported are:
- performance monitoring;
- performance control
- performance analysis.
Fault This is a set of functions which allow the detection, isolation and correction of
abnormal operation and fault conditions within a telecommunications
network. Typical functions provided are:
- alarm management;
- fault localization;
- testing;
- trouble management.
Configuration Provides functions to exercise control, collect and provide information to
network elements. Typical uses of this function are:
- provisioning;
- element configuration;
- database management;
- status and control;
- subscriber management.
Accounting Provides functions to allow the use of the network or service to be measured
and the costs for the usage to be determined. The main functions in this area
are:
- billing;
- tariffing.
Security This function is concerned with the overall security of network management
information. The areas it should address are:
- audit trail;
- intrusion;
- a
...