ETSI TS 102 182 V1.5.1 (2020-07)

Emergency Communications (EMTEL); Requirements for communications from authorities/organizations to individuals, groups or the general public during emergencies

RTS/EMTEL-00047

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Technical Committee: EMTEL - Emergency Communications
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 22-Jul-2020
• Completion Date: 08-Jul-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TS 102 182 V1.5.1 (2020-07)






TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Emergency Communications (EMTEL);
Requirements for communications from
authorities/organizations to individuals,
groups or the general public during emergencies

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2 ETSI TS 102 182 V1.5.1 (2020-07)



Reference
RTS/EMTEL-00047
Keywords
administration, emergency

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3 ETSI TS 102 182 V1.5.1 (2020-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Terms . 9
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Nature of communications from authorities to citizens. 10
5 Objectives and guidelines for an emergency notification service . 11
5.0 General . 11
5.1 Service objectives . 12
5.2 Service features . 12
5.2.0 Strategy . 12
5.2.1 Capacity . 12
5.2.2 Delivery . 13
5.2.3 Auditing . 14
5.2.4 Access . 14
5.2.5 Security and privacy . 14
5.2.6 Performance . 14
5.2.7 Coverage . 14
5.2.8 Multiple la ngua ges . 14
5.2.9 MMI requirements . 15
5.2.9.1 Recognizing the emergency message . 15
5.2.9.2 Displaying the message on mobile phones . 15
5.2.9.3 Service configuration . 15
5.2.10 CAP (Common Alerting Protocol) . 15
5.2.11 Delivery using IoT devices and service platforms . 15
6 Requirements versus technologies . 16
Annex A (informative): Challenges associated with authority to citizen communication . 19
A.1 Need for clear statutory responsibilities . 19
A.2 Transient population . 19
A.3 Business/Retail population . 19
A.4 Night hours . 19
A.5 Transport or site based incidents . 19
A.6 Regulatory issues . 19
A.7 Service availability . 20
A.8 Prior information to the citizens . 20
A.9 Media plan for major incidents . 20
Annex B (informative): Methods of communicating from authority to citizen . 21
ETSI

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4 ETSI TS 102 182 V1.5.1 (2020-07)
B.0 Communication protocol . 21
B.1 Use of the media . 21
B.1.0 Broadcast Television and Radio . 21
B.1.1 RDS (Radio Data System for VHF/FM Broadcasting) . 21
B.1.2 "Voice Break-In" facilities within radio rebroadcast systems . 21
B.1.3 Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) . 22
B.1.4 Digital television . 22
B.2 Siren systems . 22
B.3 Emergency Telephone Alert System (ETAS) . 22
B.4 Use of mobile devices . 23
B.4.0 General . 23
B.4.1 Paging systems . 23
B.4.2 Cell Broadcast Service . 23
B.4.3 SMS bulk messaging . 24
B.4.4 Void . 24
B.4.5 MBMS . 24
B.4.6 MMS . 24
B.4.7 Void . 24
B.4.8 Void . 24
B.4.9 RCS messaging . 24
B.5 Amateur radio . 25
B.6 Web notification . 25
B.7 email notification . 25
B.8 VMS notification . 25
History . 26

ETSI

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5 ETSI TS 102 182 V1.5.1 (2020-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Special Committee Emergency Communications
(EMTEL).
The present document is the third of a set of deliverables covering the communication needs of individuals and
authorities in emergency situations, as identified below:
• ETSI TR 102 180 [i.3]: "Emergency Communications (EMTEL); Basis of requirements for communication of
individuals with authorities/organizations in case of distress (Emergency call handling)";
• ETSI TS 102 181 [i.12]: "Emergency Communications (EMTEL); Requirements for communication between
authorities/organizations during emergencies";
• ETSI TS 102 182: "Emergency Communications (EMTEL); Requirements for communications from
authorities/organizations to individuals, groups or the general public during emergencies";
• ETSI TR 102 410 [i.1]: "Emergency Communications (EMTEL); Basis of requirements for communications
between individuals and between individuals and authorities whilst emergencies are in progress".
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI

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6 ETSI TS 102 182 V1.5.1 (2020-07)
Introduction
Recent world events have created a heightened social focus on public protection and general public safety. Actions such
as the Universal Service Directive requiring the European emergency call number (112) to be enhanced with the
provision of caller location and the Seveso II Directive aimed at the prevention of major accidents involving dangerous
substances highlight this focus. Special consideration may have to be given to the elderly, the disabled and the young
people. An annotated bibliography of documents dealing with human factors can be found in ETSI SR 001 996 [i.4].
The provision of effective communication is one of the most important duties of a public authority towards its citizens.
An important component required to meet this duty is the ability for Authorities to communicate with citizens during
times of emergency. Authorities and emergency response teams need to warn and inform the public in times of crisis
and therefore is required to have effective, high quality communication methods and systems to meet this need.
The responsibility for emergency response or disaster-related communications is addressed differently from country to
country. In most cases, the parties responsible for warning and informing the public follow the country's administrative
structures with coordinators at both the local and national levels, as well as across multiple disciplines and departments.
The present document catalogues the requirements on warning and informing the public as seen by the Emergency
Services Community and looks at the technologies and methods available to do this, and also addresses IoT devices that
act upon receiving a (specific) warning message.
ETSI

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7 ETSI TS 102 182 V1.5.1 (2020-07)
1 Scope
The present document gives an overview of the requirements for communication from authorities/organizations to
citizens in all types of emergencies. It collects operational and organizational requirements as a basis for a common
notification service, including targeting of the area to be notified. Although many of the requirements relate to national
public policies and regulation, there are a number of service and technical aspects which are better dealt with on the
European level to ensure harmonized access and services over Europe and service effectiveness through increased user
awareness by using standardized solutions.
The present document also collects already established requirements for notification and gives guidance on how to find
the standardization work published or ongoing. The document identifies the areas needing particular attention from the
experts and refers to identified documents in preparation in SDOs.
The present document is a collection of technical requirements and recommendations.
The present document is applicable to ETSI technical bodies for defining of services and specifying technical solutions.
It is clear that the present document will not present a solution for every scenario.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] Void.
[2] Void.
[3] Void.
[4] Void.
[5] Void.
[6] Void.
[7] Void.
[8] Void.
[9] Void.
[10] Void.
[11] Void.
[12] Recommendation ITU-T X.1303bis: "Common alerting protocol (CAP 1.2)".
[13] Void.
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8 ETSI TS 102 182 V1.5.1 (2020-07)
[14] ETSI TS 103 645: "CYBER; Cyber Security for Consumer Internet of Things: Baseline
Requirements".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TR 102 410: "Emergency Communications (EMTEL); Basis of requirements for
communications between individuals and between individuals and authorities whilst emergencies
are in progress".
[i.2] Void.
[i.3] ETSI TR 102 180: "Emergency Communications (EMTEL); Basis of requirements for
communication of individuals with authorities/organizations in case of distress (emergency call
handling)".
[i.4] ETSI SR 001 996: "Human Factors (HF); An annotated bibliography of documents dealing with
Human Factors and disability".
[i.5] Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service: "In case of Emergency".
[i.6] Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service: "Media Plan for Major Incidents".
[i.7] ETSI TR 103 582: "EMTEL; Study of use cases and communications involving IoT devices in
provision of emergency situations".
[i.8] Directive (EU) 2018/1972 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 December 2018
establishing the European Electronic Communications Code; published in the Official Journal
L321.
[i.9] ETSI EN 300 401: "Radio Broadcasting Systems; Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to mobile,
portable and fixed receivers".
[i.10] ETSI EN 300 468: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); Specification for Service Information (SI)
in DVB systems".
[i.11] UK Civil Contingency Act 2004, chapter 36.
NOTE: Available at http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2004/36/contents.
[i.12] ETSI TS 102 181: "Emergency Communications (EMTEL); Requirements for communication
between authorities/organizations during emergencies".
[i.13] Recommendation ITU-T E.106: "International Emergency Preference Scheme (IEPS) for disaster
relief operations".
[i.14] Recommendation ITU-T E.105: "International telephone service".
[i.15] World Telecommunication Development Conference 1994 (WTDC-94): "Resolution No.7,
Disaster Communications".
NOTE: Available at https://www.itu.int/en/ITU-D/Documents/WTDC_1994_FINAL_REPORT.PDF.
[i.16] ETSI TS 123 246: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Multimedia
Broadcast/Multicast Service (MBMS); Architecture and functional description (3GPP
TS 23.246)".
ETSI

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9 ETSI TS 102 182 V1.5.1 (2020-07)
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI TR 102 180 [i.3], ETSI TR 103 582 [i.7] and the
following apply:
citizen: any individual (resident, visitor, passer-by), present in the vicinity of an emergency situation (from the first
notice till the complete clearance) and subject to be affected by it, but who has no identified role in the actions of rescue
and of restoration of normal conditions
NOTE: Depending on his situation, the citizen can send alerts or provide information to the emergency services,
but in many cases is either passive or a potential victim.
common emergency communication and information system: system to enable communication and sharing
information between the monitoring and information centre and the designated contact points
emergency notification systems: general category for any systems used to notify persons of an emergency
Emergency Telecommunication Service (ETS): service capability that exhibits the following characteristics:
1) ETS is a national implementation utilizing the features facilities and applications available in existing national
public networks and service offerings. As such it could be said to resemble a supplementary service since it
can only exist if there is an underlying telecommunications service.
2) As a national capability, ETS is specifically designed to serve the telecommunications needs of nationally
authorized users. This might include issues such as priority access to telecommunications in a secure mode
operation.
3) Nationally authorized ETS users may be given access to TDR facilities for disasters occurring in other
countries or indeed within the national environment. The development of this and other aspects are a national
matter.
emergency telephone notification systems: specific category for a system that uses the telephone, in conjunction with
other elements, including computer hardware and software to notify persons of an emergency
NOTE: It may include changeable message signs, sirens, telephone and other media.
originating network: access network from which the emergency call was originated
telecommunications for disaster relief: provision of telecommunications with and within the region affected by the
disaster, including international communications to and from the disaster area and local communications at the disaster
area
NOTE: Where feasible TDR would be provided by the use of existing public telecommunications services and
facilities. This might include for example invoking the preference scheme described in Recommendation
ITU-T E.106 [i.13] for the International Telephone Service E.105 [i.14].
3.2 Symbols
Void.
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AM Amplitude Modulation
CAP Common Alerting Protocol
CB Cell Broadcast
CBS Cell Broadcast Service
CD Compact Disc
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10 ETSI TS 102 182 V1.5.1 (2020-07)
COMAH Control Of Major Accident Hazards
®
DAB Digital Audio Broadcasting
ECC Emergency Control Centre
ENS Emergency Notification System
ETAS Emergency Telephone Alert System
ETS Emergency Telecommunication Service
EU European Union
FM Frequency Modulation
GIS Geographic Information System
HTML Hyper-Text Markup Language
IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
IoT Internet of Things
IVR Interactive Voice Response
LW/MW Long Wave/Medium Wave
MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
MMI Man-Machine Interface
MMS Multimedia Messaging Service
NGO Non-Governmental Organization
OMA Open Mobile Alliance
PC Personal Computer
PSAP Public Safety Answering Point
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
PWS Public Warning System
QoS Quality of Service
RAN Radio Access Network
RCS Rich Communication Services
RDS Radio Data System for VHF/FM broadcasting
RF Radio Frequency
SDO Standards Development Organization
SMS Short Message Service
TDR Telecommunications for Disaster Relief
TV TeleVision
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
VBI Voice Break-In
VHF/FM Very High Frequency/Frequency Modulation
VMS Variable Message Sign
4 Nature of communications from authorities to citizens
In the basic and routine case of an emergency situation the number of affected individuals is limited; the victims,
endangered persons, the person reporting the emergency, the operator at the ECC/PSAP and the personnel deployed to
the incident. The fact that the Emergency Authority reaches the victims and provides assistance is the expression of the
relationship between the authority and the citizen.
There are several situations where this simple model does not apply; in general they correspond to mass phenomena
(earthquakes, tsunamis, terrorist attacks, etc.) forecasted or not, to the combination of several risks (a fire of toxic
products, a snow storm at peak traffic hours) or the evolution of an apparently limited incident (the rescued person is
recognized as a bearer of a contagious disease).
It may also be necessary to mobilise private organizations, charities and NGOs to participate in the rescue actions.
These services and organizations may be required on a priority basis at the incident location.
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11 ETSI TS 102 182 V1.5.1 (2020-07)
To maximize efficiency, authorities need to reach as many citizens as possible present in a given area (inhabitants,
passers-by, travellers and tourists, etc.) or entering the area or in close proximity to the area during the emergency. They
shall be able to present the citizens with an appropriate message. It should be noted that this is not a one shot scenario. It
may be necessary for the message to be repeated and/or updated on a number of occasions. In addition the transmitted
message could be of a general nature or it may be necessary to target the message to a specialized audience, or to reach
IoT devices that would provide help to and extend the message dissemination, or even help relief part of the safety
issues.
The priority of the authorities is to assess the extent of the incident, the resources required and availability of remaining
facilities. In addition authorities will re
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