ETSI TR 103 494 V1.1.1 (2018-01)

Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN); Study of central coordination of WAS/RLANs operating in the 5 GHz frequency band

DTR/BRAN-60022

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 08-Jan-2018
• Technical Committee: BRAN - Broadband Radio Access Networks
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 04-Jan-2018
• Completion Date: 09-Jan-2018

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 103 494 V1.1.1 (2018-01)






TECHNICAL REPORT
Broadband Radio Access Networks (BRAN);
Study of central coordination of WAS/RLANs
operating in the 5 GHz frequency band

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2 ETSI TR 103 494 V1.1.1 (2018-01)



Reference
DTR/BRAN-60022
Keywords
broadband, control, protocol
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3 ETSI TR 103 494 V1.1.1 (2018-01)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Use cases of central control/coordination of WAS/RLAN in 5 GHz bands. 11
4.1 Use case 1: Coexistence management between coordinated and uncoordinated WAS/RLANs . 11
4.2 Use case 2: Coexistence management between coordinated and uncoordinated WAS/RLANs managed
by a single network operator . 12
4.3 Use case 3: Coexistence management between similar/dissimilar WAS/RLANs managed by multiple
network operators . 12
5 Possible requirements . 13
5.1 Requirements for application to WAS/RLAN in 5 GHz bands . 13
5.2 Other possible requirements . 13
6 Study on central control/coordination concepts . 14
6.1 Introduction . 14
6.2 Hierarchical Control Concepts . 14
6.2.1 Hierarchical Control concepts in COHERENT . 14
6.2.2 Possible enhancements to Hierarchical Control concepts . 15
6.2.2.1 General principles . 15
6.3 Abstractions . 16
6.3.1 Abstraction concepts in COHERENT. 16
6.3.1.1 Introduction . 16
6.3.1.2 Conceptual overview . 17
6.3.1.3 Examples of abstractions and network graphs . 17
6.3.1.3.1 Introduction . 17
6.3.1.3.2 Nodes . 18
6.3.1.3.3 Edges . 19
6.3.1.3.4 Abstracted network graph . 19
6.3.1.3.5 Overview of abstraction procedure . 19
6.3.2 Possible enhancements to Abstraction concepts . 20
6.3.2.1 Examples of weighted digraph . 20
6.3.2.1.1 Introduction . 20
6.3.2.1.2 Directed edge or arc . 20
6.3.2.1.3 Weight . 21
6.3.2.1.4 Path and directed path . 21
6.4 Network Slicing and Slice-Specific Network View . 22
6.4.1 Network Slicing and Slice-Specific Network View in COHERENT . 22
6.4.2 Possible enhancements to Network Slicing and Slice-Specific Network View . 23
6.4.2.1 Network slice resource management using Slice-Specific Network View . 23
7 System architecture . 24
7.1 COHERENT architecture and functionalities . 24
7.1.1 Overview of the COHERENT architecture . 24
7.1.2 Control and Coordination plane . 25
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4 ETSI TR 103 494 V1.1.1 (2018-01)
7.1.2.1 C3 and RTC . 25
7.1.2.2 System Functionalities of RTCs and C3 . 26
7.1.2.2.1 C3 Functionalities . 26
7.1.2.2.2 RTC Functionalities . 26
7.1.2.2.3 Southbound API Functionalities . 26
7.2 Possible enhancements to architecture and functionalities . 26
7.2.1 System description . 26
7.2.2 Possible procedures in the enhanced architecture . 28
7.3 Architecture for heterogeneous wireless access technologies . 28
8 Measurements and reports . 29
8.1 Measurements and reports in IEEE 802.11 standard . 29
8.1.1 Radio measurements . 29
8.1.1.1 Introduction . 29
8.1.1.2 Radio measurement procedures . 30
8.1.2 Wireless Network Management (WNM) . 31
8.1.2.1 Introduction . 31
8.1.2.2 WNM procedures . 31
8.1.3 Management procedures . 31
8.1.3.1 Overview of IEEE 802.11 management approach . 31
8.2 MLME SAP interface . 32
8.2.1 Introduction. 32
8.2.2 Relevant procedures . 32
8.3 Measurements in 3GPP LTE standards . 33
8.4 Possible new reports . 33
8.4.1 IEs for general reporting . 33
8.4.2 Reports for supporting QoS enforcement per flow or per radio bearer . 34
9 Control/Coordination messages . 35
9.1 Registration to C3 and initial operation . 35
9.2 Operational performance . 36
9.3 Interference coupling . 36
9.4 Dependency on the traffic type . 36
9.5 C3 actions for QoS enforcement . 37
9.5.1 Introduction. 37
9.5.2 Virtual LBT . 37
9.5.3 Carrier aggregation and LBT thresholds . 37
9.5.4 MCS selection . 38
10 Void . 38
11 Examples of algorithms . 38
11.1 Algorithm for low complexity spectrum reassignment . 38
11.1.1 Introduction. 38
11.1.2 Channel reassignment based on channel transition graph . 38
11.2 Algorithm for channel assignment based on graph information . 40
11.2.1 Introduction. 40
11.2.2 Channel assignment using graph representation of interference relationship among nodes and their
expected QoS . 40
11.3 Algorithm for channel assignment considering interference aggregation effect at reference points . 42
11.3.1 Introduction. 42
11.3.2 Interference aggregation effect coefficient . 42
11.4 Algorithm for the selection of candidate serving C3 instances for moving nodes . 43
11.4.1 Introduction. 43
11.4.2 Selection of candidate serving C3 instances for moving nodes . 44
11.5 Algorithm for network coordination based on spectrum utilization pattern . 45
11.5.1 Introduction. 45
11.5.2 Spectrum utilization pattern . 45
11.5.3 Channel ranking methodology based on spectrum utilization pattern . 47
Annex A: Change History . 49
History . 50

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5 ETSI TR 103 494 V1.1.1 (2018-01)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Broadband Radio Access Networks
(BRAN).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Developing technologies for 5G Broadband Systems is one of the objectives of the European Commission. The EC
H2020 project COHERENT [i.14], "Coordinated Control and Spectrum Management for 5G Heterogeneous Radio
Access Networks" has addressed topics related to the application of the basic principles of wired Software - Defined
Networks (SDN) to wireless networks.
The present document includes the main outcome of the project and the results of additional studies.
The present document does not address any regulatory issues and does not address mandatory requirements such as
those related to article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.13].
Some results incorporated in the present document received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research
and innovation programme under grant agreement No 671639.

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6 ETSI TR 103 494 V1.1.1 (2018-01)
1 Scope
The present document contains studies of the architectures and the protocols supporting the central coordination of
WAS including RLANs (WAS/RLAN) operating in the 5 GHz bandIt also includes information provided by a radio
node/network of radio nodes and the procedures for the coordination of the operation of these nodes.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Alexandros Kostopoulos, George Agapiou, Deng Junquan, Dorin Panaitopol, Fang-Chun Kuo
(Editor-in-Chief), Kostas Katsalis, Navid Nikaein, Mariana Goldhamer, Tao Chen, Rebecca
Steinert, Roberto Riggio: "System Architecture and Abstractions for Mobile Networks", EU
H2020 5G-PPP COHERENT Project Deliverable D2.2, July 2016.
NOTE: Available online at http://www.ict-coherent.eu/.
[i.2] Nguyen et al.: "SDN and virtualisation-based LTE mobile network architectures: A comprehensive
survey", Wireless Personal Communications, vol. 86, no. 3, pp. 1401-1438, 2016.
[i.3] F. Ahmed et al.: "Distributed Graph Coloring for Self-Organization in LTE Networks", Journal of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, 2010.
[i.4] P. Cardieri: "Modeling interference in wireless ad hoc networks", IEEE Communication Surveys
& Tutorials, vol. 12, no. 4, p. 551-572, 2010.
[i.5] Ericsson Technical White paper: "5G systems - enabling industry and society transformation",
2015.
[i.6] 5G White Paper, white paper, NGMN Alliance, 2015.
[i.7] Antti Anttonen (Editor-in-Chief), Tao Chen, Tapio Suihko, Aarne Mämmelä, Sundar Daniel
Peethala, Nidal Zarifeh, Furqan Ahmed, Junquan Deng, Ragnar Frej-Hollanti, Sergio Lembo, Olav
Tirkkonen, Antonio Cipriano, Dorin Panaitopol, Per Kreguer, Akhila Rao, Rebecca Steinert, Chia-
Yu Chang, Roberto Riggio, Shah Nawaz Khan, Mariana Goldhamer, Pawel Kryszkiewicz, Fang-
Chun Kuo, George Agapiou, Dimitri Marandin, Yi Yu: "First report on physical and MAC layer
modelling and abstraction", EU H2020 5G-PPP COHERENT Project Deliverable D3.1,
June 2016.
NOTE: Available online at http://www.ict-coherent.eu/.
TM
[i.8] IEEE 802.11 -2012: "IEEE standard for Information Technology, Local and metropolitan area
networks, Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications".
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7 ETSI TR 103 494 V1.1.1 (2018-01)
[i.9] 3GPP TS 36.213 (V14.0.0) (2016-09): "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);
Physical layer procedures (Release 14)".
[i.10] ETSI TS 136 331 (V14.3.0): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio
Resource Control (RRC); Protocol specification (3GPP TS 36.331 version 14.3.0 Release 14)".
[i.11] ETSI TS 136 214 (V14.2.0): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA);
Physical layer; Measurements (3GPP TS 36.214 version 14.2.0 Release 14)".
[i.12] 3GPP TS 36.423 (V14.0.0) (2016-09): "Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
(E-UTRAN); X2 application protocol (X2AP) (Release 14)".
[i.13] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC Text with EEA relevance.
[i.14] ICT-COHERENT.
NOTE: Available at http://www.ict-coherent.eu/.
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
arc: in digraph, an ordered pair of vertices is called a directed edge or an arc
Central Controller and Coordinator (C3): C3 is a logically centralized entity in charge of network-wide control and
coordination among entities in WAS/RLAN based on Centralized Network View (CNV)
NOTE: C3 could be implemented with physical control instances sharing network information with each other.
channel assignment: process which determines one or more frequency blocks (channels) for radio nodes
NOTE: Coexistence decision can be made when determining the channel(s) for radio nodes.
Control Plane Function: function which controls the operation of the system through appropriate messages
Control Vertex: vertex in a (di)graph which represents a C3 instance
digraph: graph which consists of a set of vertices connected by edges, where the edges have a direction associated with
them
directed path: digraph, a directed path is a sequence of arcs which connect a sequence of vertices, with the restriction
that all arcs in the path are directed in the same direction
dissimilar WAS/RLANs: dissimilar WAS/RLANs are WAS/RLANs that use different RATs without the
same/common wireless network coexistence technologies
graph: set of vertices connected by edges
head: arc (v ,v ) is considered to be directed from vertex v to vertex v , v is called the head of the arc
i j i j j
hierarchical control: control architecture based on a central controller which coordinates the operation of other
controllers
network slice instance: run-time instantiation of a Network Slice
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8 ETSI TR 103 494 V1.1.1 (2018-01)
network slice or service slice: network slice/service slice is a logical network that comprises a set of network functions
and the corresponding resources required to provide End-to-End support for specific network services, network
applications and radio configurations of WAS/RLAN
NOTE: The network services may be specific to some particular use cases or business applications. A network
slice can span all domains of the network: software programs running on cloud nodes, specific
configurations of the transport network, a dedicated radio access configuration, as well as settings of the
WAS/RLAN devices. Different network slices contain different network applications and configuration
settings.
Network View (NV): database containing information specific to the network operation
NOTE: A Local NV includes parameters available at a local radio entity while a Central NV includes parameters
available at a central controller/coordinator which are provided or resulting from the LNV.
Northbound interface (NBi): API transferring information and controls between a program running additional control
application and a Controller
path: in a graph is a finite or infinite sequence of edges which connect a sequence of vertices which, by most
definitions, are all distinct from one another
programmable control: function of the controller platform transferring the information from the SBi to the NBi and
enabling a programmer to write control applications on top of the controller
Radio Access Network: radio access network (RAN) is part of a public land mobile telecommunication system
controlled by an Operator
Radio Local Area Network (RLAN): intended to cover smaller geographic areas like homes, offices and to a certain
extent buildings being adjacent to each other
NOTE: Radio LANs are also known as Wireless LANs (WLANs).
Radio Transceiver (RT): logical entity that provides radio access with full WAS/RLAN node functions
NOTE: RT can be realized by either of the combinations of R-TP, vRP and/or RTC. A set of RTs forms a radio
access network (RAN/WAS) which is coordinated and controlled by C3. Some implementation examples
of RTs inclu
...