ETSI TR 103 148 V1.1.1 (2014-06)

Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); System Reference document (SRdoc); Technical characteristics of Radio equipment to be used in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz band; Short-Range Radar to be fitted on fixed transport infrastructure

DTR/ERM-TGSRR-66

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 11-Jun-2014
• Technical Committee: ERM TGSRR - ERM Automotive and surveillance radar
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 12-Jun-2014
• Completion Date: 12-Jun-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 103 148 V1.1.1 (2014-06)






Technical Report
Electromagnetic compatibility and
Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
System Reference document (SRdoc);
Technical characteristics of Radio equipment
to be used in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz band;
Short-Range Radar to be fitted
on fixed transport infrastructure

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 ETSI TR 103 148 V1.1.1 (2014-06)



Reference
DTR/ERM-TGSRR-66
Keywords
radar, regulation, safety, SRD, SRdoc
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: [phone]  Fax: [phone]

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the
print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2014.
All rights reserved.

TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP and LTE™ are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 ETSI TR 103 148 V1.1.1 (2014-06)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Executive summary . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Comments on the System Reference Document . 10
5 Fixed Transport Infrastructure Radar . 10
5.1 System Description. 10
5.2 Use Cases and Deployment Scenarios. 10
5.2.1 Surveillance radar for traffic incident detection and prevention . 10
5.2.2 Surveillance radar for traffic enforcement and safety . 10
5.2.3 Road-Railway Crossings . 10
5.2.3.1 Railway network based . 10
5.2.3.2 Road network based . 11
5.2.4 Airport Ground Movements . 11
5.2.5 Non-Transport Applications . 11
6 Market Size and Societal Benefits . 11
6.1 Automatic Incident Detection . 11
6.2 Traffic Enforcement . 11
7 Technical information . 11
7.1 Detailed technical description . 11
7.2 Technical parameters and implications on spectrum . 12
7.2.1 Status of technical parameters . 12
7.2.1.1 Current ITU and European Common Allocations . 12
7.2.2 Transmitter parameters . 13
7.2.2.1 Transmitter Output Power/Radiated Power . 13
7.2.2.1a Antenna Characteristics . 13
7.2.2.1b Beam Profiles . 13
7.2.2.2 Operating Frequency . 15
7.2.2.3 Bandwidth . 15
7.2.2.4 Unwanted emissions. 16
7.2.2.5 Duty Cycle/Mechanical Scanning . 16
7.2.3 Receiver parameters . 16
7.3 Information on relevant standard(s) . 16
7.4 Sharing and Compatibility Studies . 16
7.4.1 MOSARIM . 16
7.4.2 SEAMCAT . 17
7.4.3 Radio Astronomy Service . 17
7.4.4 Sharing and compatibility issues still to be considered. 17
8 Radio spectrum request and justification . 17
9 Regulations . 19
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
4 ETSI TR 103 148 V1.1.1 (2014-06)
9.1 Current regulations . 19
9.2 Proposed regulation and justification . 19
Annex A: FMCW Radar - Technical Details . 20
A.1 Principle of operation . 20
A.1.1 Underlying FMCW radar and tracking technology . 20
A.1.2 Processing for incident detection . 21
A.1.3 Processing for enforcement . 21
A.2 Interference Mechanisms . 22
Annex B: Fixed Radar Installations at 76 GHz to 77 GHz . 23
B.1 Existing Installations . 23
B.1.1 South Link Tunnel, Stockholm, Sweden . 23
B.1.2 Bolte Bridge, Melbourne, Australia . 23
B.1.3 E4 Highway, Stockholm, Sweden . 24
B.1.4 E73 Highway, Stockholm, Sweden . 24
B.1.5 Hindhead Tunnel, London, UK . 24
B.1.6 Tunnel, Slovenia . 25
B.1.7 Motorway, Munich, Germany . 25
B.1.8 Mastrafjord and Tunnel, Norway . 26
B.1.9 Autostrada A14, Bologna, Italy . 26
B.2 Market size . 27
B.2.1 For Automatic Incident detection . 27
B.2.1.1 On Managed Motorways . 27
B.2.1.2 In Tunnels . 28
B.2.2 For traffic enforcement . 29
B.2.3 Airports and Landing Strips and Air Traffic Control . 32
B.3 Non Transport Applications . 33
B.3.1 For Industrial detection and automations . 33
B.3.2 Prison Buildings . 35
B.3.3 Power Stations and Reservoirs . 36
B.3.4 Data Centers and Commercial Property . 36
Annex C: Installation details for road surveillance . 37
Annex D: SEAMCAT Study - Fixed and Vehicular Radars . 40
D.1 Radar Antenna Specs. 41
D.2 Conclusions . 42
Annex E: Radio Astronomy Service . 43
E.1 Locations of Millimetre Wave Observatories . 43
E.2 Coupling Calculations . 43
E.2.1 Radiated signal details . 44
E.2.2 Separation distance calculation . 45
E.3 Sector Blanking . 47
E.4 Conclusions . 47
Annex F: Bibliography . 48
History . 49

ETSI

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
5 ETSI TR 103 148 V1.1.1 (2014-06)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM).
EC Decision 2011-829-EU [i.9] obliges EU Member States to allow the use of the 76 GHz to 77 GHz band for Road
Transport an Telematics for terrestrial vehicles and infrastructure systems.
th
This EC Decision is subject to an update process. CEPT Report 44 [i.10] is the recommendation from CEPT for the 5
update cycle. In this it is recommended to broaden the category of Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT) to
Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT), and to change the usage restriction on 76 GHz to 77 GHz band to ground
based vehicle and infrastructure systems only.
The draft revised Decision [i.11] indicates that these recommendations are being adopted.
Accordingly, the present document describes fixed infrastructure radar systems in a range of transport applications.
A previously published ETSI System Reference Document, TR 102 704 [i.7], discusses the use of 76 GHz to 77 GHz
band by radars mounted on ground based vehicles other than automobiles.
The purpose of the present document is to provide details of how fixed infrastructure radar are used within the
transportation sector, and to indicate the parameters under which these systems operate.
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "may not", "need", "need not", "will",
"will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms
for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Executive summary
The present document provides information about fixed surveillance radar installations in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz band.
The majority of the systems described here are high value infrastructure systems serving functions of safety and
efficiency in the transport field. Typical uses are for surveillance of critical highway situations such as tunnels and large
road intersections. There is a requirement in the EU for Automatic Incident Detection in road tunnels which have a
control room and are 500 m or longer [i.1].
Other users of the 76 GHz to 77 GHz band include vehicle radars and the Radio Astronomy Service. The important
sharing scenarios are therefore a large number of vehicle radars with a small number of fixed radars and with the RAS
conducting measurements from 8 sites in Europe.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
6 ETSI TR 103 148 V1.1.1 (2014-06)
The 76 GHz to 77 GHz band is designated for both fixed and vehicle radars by 2011-829-EU (the EC Decision on Short
Range Devices) [i.9]. Currently there is a harmonised standard for vehicle radars, EN 301 091-1 [i.8], but fixed radars
are outside its scope. The fixed radars described here operate with the same signal parameters as vehicle radars - they
are in fact compliant with the technical requirements of EN 301 091-1 [i.8].
It should be noted that the fixed radars described do not constitute a new proposal. They represent an established
application with a significant installed base. Systems are currently being installed in many European countries
(Annex B), but by their nature as high capital cost infrastructure systems they cannot be expected to become massively
deployed items.
The present document also examines the sharing scenarios. An acceptable arrangement with the RAS is a small
exclusion zone around each millimetre wave observatory site (Annex E). An initial study shows that probability of a
scanning infrastructure radar interfering with a vehicular radar is even less than that of a vehicular radar interfering with
another vehicular radar (Annex D).The purposes of the present document include:
1) To provide information to CEPT, EC and other bodies to assist studies and regulatory decisions.
2) To pave the way for ETSI to develop a harmonised standard for fixed surveillance radars.
The present document concentrates on applications for surveillance radars in the transport field. The proponents of the
SRdoc also note that there are applications in other fields and these are described in clause B.3.
Introduction
The present document has been developed to support the co-operation between ETSI and the Electronic
Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Post and Telecommunications Administrations
(CEPT).
The European Commission Decision on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices
2006/771/EC sets out the harmonised frequency bands as well as the technical usage conditions under which SRDs can
be used across Europe. Last updated in December 2011 under EC Decision 2011/829/EU [i.9], the decision sets the
usage scope for this band as "terrestrial vehicle and infrastructure systems".
The 76 GHz RTTT Standard EN 301 091-1 [i.8] defines the technical characteristics and test methods for radar
equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz band. Early versions of EN 301 091-1 [i.8] define the scope as covering
both fixed radar installations, and mobile. Subsequent versions of EN 301 091-1 [i.8] have limited the scope to road
vehicles only. Other than the definition of the scope, the fixed radar systems presented are fully compliant with the
latest versions of EN 301 091-1 [i.8].
The 76 GHz to 77 GHz band is highly versatile and can be used also for safety relevant radar applications which operate
either as part of a fixed transport installation, or on a mobile vehicle. These safety related fixed transport installations
are the subject of the present document.
The main benefits of using the 76 GHz to 77 GHz frequency band for these applications are that overall radar sensor
package sizes can be made of a reasonable size without overly large or cumbersome antenna. These are suitable for
roadside installation. With high operating frequency, high resolution range measurements are possible. In addition
componentry is readily available in this band. These advantages are further discussed within.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
7 ETSI TR 103 148 V1.1.1 (2014-06)
1 Scope
The present document describes the application of fixed transport surveillance radar systems in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz
band. Short Range Radars operating in this band are used in a variety of applications, the majority of which are safety
related.
The present document includes in particular:
• market information for applications apart from road vehicles;
• technical information regarding the typical radar installations;
• regulatory issues and interference studies whilst considering other band users.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[i.1] L167/39: "Directive 2004/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004
on minimum safety requirements for tunnels in the Trans-European Road Network".
[i.2] WN 96W0000071: "The Impact of Rapid Incident Detection on Freeway Accident Fatalities".
[i.3] Rail Safety and Standards Board: "Half-year safety performance report 2012/13".
[i.4] Network Rail: "Strategic Business Plan for England & Wales January 2013".
[i.5] European Railway Agency: "Railway safety performance in the European Union 2012".
[i.6] European Commission: "Mobility and Transport, Road Safety, Level Crossings".
NOTE: Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/road_safety/topics/infrastructure/level_crossing/index_en.htm.
[i.7] ETSI TR 102 704 (V1.2.1) (2010-12): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); System Reference Document; Short Range Devices (SRD); Radar sensors for
non-automotive; ground based vehicular applications in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz frequency range".
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
8 ETSI TR 103 148 V1.1.1 (2014-06)
[i.8] ETSI EN 301 091-1 (V1.3.3): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Radar equipment operating
in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz range; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods for radar
equipment operating in the 76 GHz to 77 GHz range".
[i.9] EC Decision 2011-829-EU: Commission Implementing Decision of 8 December 2011 amending
Decision 2006/771/EC on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices.
[i.10] CEPT Report 44 (11/03/2103): In response to the EC Permanent Mandate on the "Annual update
of the technical annex of the Commission Decision on the technical harmonisation of radio
spectrum for use by short range devices".
[i.11] RSCOM13-05 (6th March 2013). European Commission Communications Networks Content &
Technology Directorate-General. Radio Spectrum Committee: Draft Implementing Decision for
the coordinated revision of Decision 2006/771/EC on SRD and the repeal of Decision
2005/928/EC on the169 MHz band.
[i.12] CEPT/ERC/Recommendation 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
Annexes 4 and 5.
[i.13] ERC Report 25: "The European Table of Frequency Allocations and Applications in the
Frequency Range 8.3 kHz to 3000 GHz (ECA TABLE)". Approved February 2013.
[i.14] MOSARIM: "MOre Safety for All by Radar Interference Mitigation".
NOTE: Available at:
http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/activities/esafety/doc/rtd_projects/fact_sheets_fp7/mosarim.pdf.
[i.15] UK Highways Agency: Results published in March 2011 in the UK Highways Agency's three-year
safety report into the pilot Managed Motorway scheme on the M42.
NOTE: Available at: http://www.highways.gov.uk/our-road-network/managing-our-roads/improving-our-
network/managed-motorways/.
[i.16] ETSI EN 301 783 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Land Mobile Service; Commercially available amateur radio equipment".
[i.17] ETSI EN 302 264 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices; Road Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Short Range Radar
equipment operating in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz band".
[i.18] ETSI EN 302 372 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD) ;Equipment for Detection and Movement; Tanks Level Probing Radar
(TLPR) operating in the frequency bands 5,8 GHz, 10 GHz, 25 GHz, 61 GHz and 77 GHz".
[i.19] ETSI EN 302 729 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Level Probing Radar (LPR) equipment operating in the frequency
ranges 6 GHz to 8,5 GHz, 24,05 GHz to 26,5 GHz, 57 GHz to 64 GHz, 75 GHz to 85 GHz".
[i.20] ECC/DEC/(04)03: "ECC Decision of 19 March 2004 on the frequency band 77-81 GHz to be
designated for the use of Automotive Short Range Radars".
[i.21] ECC/DEC/(11)02: "ECC
...