ETSI TR 103 055 V1.1.1 (2011-09)

Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); System Reference document (SRdoc): Spectrum Requirements for Short Range Device, Metropolitan Mesh Machine Networks (M3N) and Smart Metering (SM) applications

DTR/ERM-TG28-0430

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 08-Sep-2011
• Technical Committee: ERM TG28 - ERM Generic SRD's
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 31-Aug-2011
• Completion Date: 09-Sep-2011
• Mandate: M/441

Standards Content (Sample)

Technical Report
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
System Reference document (SRdoc):
Spectrum Requirements for Short Range Device,
Metropolitan Mesh Machine Networks (M3N)
and Smart Metering (SM) applications

2 ETSI TR 103 055 V1.1.1 (2011-09)

Reference
DTR/ERM-TG28-0430
Keywords
RFID, SRD, UHF
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ETSI
3 ETSI TR 103 055 V1.1.1 (2011-09)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Abbreviations . 8
4 Comments on the System Reference Document . 9
5 Executive Summary . 9
5.1 Context . 9
5.1.1 From cellular to dedicated Machine-to-Machine Network . 9
5.1.2 From Smart Metering to Smart Cities . 9
5.1.3 Metropolitan Mesh Machine Network and& the Internet of Things (IOT) . 9
5.2 Metropolitan Mesh Machine Network . 9
5.2.1 Sensors and Actuators . 10
5.2.2 Routers and Gateway . 10
5.3 Summary of M3N applications requirements . 10
5.4 Summary of current SRD regulation . 10
5.5 The Issues . 11
5.6 Summary of requirements . 11
5.7 Summary of requested ETSI/EC/ECC actions . 11
6 Spectrum consideration . 12
6.1 Current SRD Regulation . 12
6.1.1 Overview of SRD regulation on the 863 MHz to 870 MHz band . 12
6.1.2 Overview of published performance requirements for specific SRDs using the frequency band 870
MHz to 876 MHz . 13
6.1.2.1 Overview of the TR102 649-1 and TR 102 649-2 . 13
6.1.2.2 Overview of Draft ES 202 630 . 14
6.2 Performances requirements for upcoming M3N devices . 15
6.2.1 Power . 15
6.2.2 Duty cycle . 15
6.2.3 Bandwidth and Channelization . 16
7 Conclusion . 16
8 Proposed regulation and justification . 17
Annex A: Range estimation and link budget . 19
A.1 Introduction and path loss model . 19
A.2 Gateway - router and router - router link. 19
A.3 Router to endpoint or access router to router . 20
Annex B: Synchronization rate / Preamble length trade-off . 22
B.1 Introduction . 22
B.1.1 Preamble Sampling Technique . 22
B.1.2 Preamble Length vs Synchronisation Interval . 22
B.2 Hypotheses . 23
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4 ETSI TR 103 055 V1.1.1 (2011-09)
B.3 End-point case . 24
B.4 Router case . 24
B.5 Conclusions . 26
Annex C: Technical Requirements . 27
C.1 Applications description . 27
C.1.1 Water/gas metering. 27
C.1.2 Electricity smart metering . 28
C.1.3 Waste management. 28
C.1.4 Pollution monitoring. 28
C.1.4.1 Monitoring to feed numerical models . 29
C.1.4.2 Alerting . 29
C.1.5 Public lighting . 29
C.1.6 Parking management system . 30
C.1.7 Self service bike renting . 30
C.2 Application requirement summary . 31
C.3 Performances requirements . 32
C.3.1 Resource Constraints . 32
C.3.2 Link Range and reliability . 32
C.3.3 Transaction latency. 33
C.3.4 Conclusion . 34
C.4 M3N traffic model . 34
C.4.1 Typical network architecture . 34
C.4.2 Network dimensioning . 35
C.4.2.1 Geographical distribution of gateways . 35
C.4.2.2 Core network dimensioning . 35
C.4.2.3 Access network dimensioning . 36
C.4.3 Duty cycle requirements estimate . 36
C.4.3.1 Introduction. 36
C.4.3.2 MAC Layer hypotheses . 37
C.4.3.3 Duty cycle estimates . 37
C.4.4 Traffic model conclusions . 38
C.5 Technical requirement conclusion . 38
History . 39

ETSI
5 ETSI TR 103 055 V1.1.1 (2011-09)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM).
Introduction
Short Range Device (SRD) technology is technology of growing use to interconnect sensors, actuators and remote
control and monitoring systems. With time, technological progress and higher awareness of environment related
questions will promote widespread use of sensor networks able to gather data at the scale of a city.
Consequently, SRD technology will be used to interconnect all of those sensors, actuators and infrastructures.
The present document examines whether the performance requirements, access mechanism and transmitted power
currently in use for SRDs are adequate for Metropolitan Mesh Machine Network (M3N) and opens a discussion on
further work required to establish the magnitude of any compatibility issues in sharing the 870 MHz to 876 MHz
frequency band.
The present document identifies a relevant set of M3N applications that will transmit data over the M3N network. This
permits to model a typical M3N deployment in term of number of devices, infrastructures and density. The same
applications set also identify the key service requirements which will impact the volume of traffic to be transmitted
between endpoints and network infrastructure. A structured mesh network is assumed as it accommodates the limited
power available for data transmission and minimises the number of gateways. The mesh traffic is modelled and the
expected network performance established. This is then compared with the current SRD regulatory limits.
The present document then discusses required changes in SRD rules to enable reliable and economically viable M3N
operations. The discussion on compatibility assumes that the military services will be displaced by E-GSM-R and that it
is with this service that the SRDs will share the frequency band. Intersystem interferences have already been addressed
in TR 102 649-2 [i.7] and TR 102 886 [i.1], and is not repeated here.
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6 ETSI TR 103 055 V1.1.1 (2011-09)
1 Scope
The present document applies to a new class of SRD devices specifically for Smart City applications operating in the
UHF frequency band from 870 MHz to 876 MHz. It extends the discussion from Smart Metering Requirements
discussed in TR 102 886 [i.1] and TR 102 649-2 [i.7] to a wider set of applications that are presented. Particular
performance and compatibility parameters needed for the successful operation of SRD devices used in smart cities
application are also identified.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TR 102 886: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Technical
characteristics of Smart Metering (SM) Short Range Devices (SRD) in the UHF Band; System
Reference Document, SRDs, Spectrum Requirements for Smart Metering European access profile
Protocol (PR-SMEP)".
[i.2] M/441 EN: "Standardisation Mandate to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI in the field of measuring
instruments for the development of an open architecture for utility meters involving
communication protocols enabling interoperability".
[i.3] ETSI EN 300 220 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment to be used in the 25 MHz to 1 000 MHz frequency
range with power levels ranging up to 500 mW".
[i.4] ERC/REC 70-03: "Relating to the use of short-range devices (SRD)".
[i.5] CEPT ECC Report 37: "Compatibility of planned SRD applications with currently existing
radiocommunication applications in the frequency band 863-870MHz", Granada, February 2004.
[i.6] ETSI TR 102 649-1 (V1.1.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Technical characteristics of RFID in the UHF band; System Reference Document for Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID) equipment; Part 1: RFID equipment operating in the range from
865 MHz to 868 MHz".
[i.7] ETSI TR 102 649-2 (V1.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Technical characteristics of Short Range Devices (SRD) and RFID in the UHF Band; System
Reference Document for Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and SRD equipment;
Part 2: Additional spectrum requirements for UHF RFID, non-specific SRDs and specific SRDs".
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7 ETSI TR 103 055 V1.1.1 (2011-09)
[i.8] ETSI ES 202 630: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment to be used in parts of the frequency range 870 MHz to
876 MHz and 915 MHz to 921 MHz, with Transmitter Duty Cycle (TDC) restriction and power
levels up to 25 mW; Technical characteristics and test methods".
[i.9] COST 231 final report: "Digital mobile radio towards future generation systems".
NOTE: Available at http://www.lx.it.pt/cost231/final_report.htm.
[i.10] Analysis Mason: "Internet 3.0: the Internet of Things", October 2010.
NOTE: Available at
http://www.analysysmason.com/Research/Content/Reports/RRY04_Internet_of_Things_Oct2010/.
[i.11] Open Metering System Specification, Volume 1, General Part, Issue 1.2.0/2009-07-17.
[i.12] OMS, Open Metering System Specification, Volume 2, Primary Communication,
Issue 2.0.0/2009-07-20.
[i.13] Netherlands Technical Agreement NTA 8130:2007: "Basic functions for metering systems for
electricity, gas and thermal energy for small-scale consumers".
[i.14] "Application characteristics: An applicative framework for the research work conducted in
ARESA2" ARESA2 - Deliverable 1.1 version 1 - sept 2010 - ANR 2009 VERSO 017-01.
[i.15] IETF RFC 5548 (May 2009): "Routing Requirements for Urban Low-Power and Lossy Networks.
NOTE: Available at http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5548.
[i.16] "Urban Sensor Network" IEEE 802.15.4g call for applications - J.Schwoerer -
doc 15-04-0042-01-004g.
[i.17] "Battery operated application" IEEE 802.15.4g call for applications - Hirohito Nishiyama, Ryoji
Ono, Seiichi Hiraoka - doc 15-09-00113-01-004g.niko.
[i.18] "Senscity services specification" - Senscity research project - Pole de competitivité Minalogic -
December 2010.
NOTE: Available at http://senscity.minalogic.net/.
[i.19] "Definition of needs and usage scenarios" - Deliverable 1.1 - WP1 - RNRT research project
ARESA, may 2007.
NOTE: Available at http://aresa-project.insa-lyon.fr/.
[i.20] draft-ietf-6lowpan-hc-15: "Compression Format for IPv6 Datagrams in Low Power and Lossy
Networks (6LoWPAN)".
[i.21] EN 13757-4:2005: "Communication systems for meters and remote reading of meters -
Part 4: Wireless meter readout (Radio meter reading for operation in the 868 MHz to 870 MHz
SRD band)".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
access router: routers that connect a core router or a gateway to an endpoint
channel: small frequency sub-band within the operating frequency band into which a Radio Signal fits
NOTE: Commonly, a frequency band is divided into contiguous channels.
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8 ETSI TR 103 055 V1.1.1 (2011-09)
core router: routers that are needed to connect a gateway to an access router or another core router
duty cycle: for the purposes of ERC/REC 70-03 [i.4], the duty cycle is defined as the ratio, expressed as a percentage,
of the maximum transmitter cumulative "on" time on one carrier frequency, relative to a one hour period
NOTE 1: For frequency agile devices the duty cycle limit applies to the total transmission.
NOTE 2: For specific applications with very low duty cycles and very short periods of transmissions, the definition
of duty cycle should be subject to study.
endpoint: network device associated with a sensors or actuator
gateway: network point of attachment for a node collecting node traffic and routing it through dedicated WAN
connection
listen before talk: action taken by a device to detect an unoccupied sub-band or channel prior to transmitting
metering: transmission of metrology information (electricity, gas water and energy) by radio communication
Short Range Devices (SRDs): radio devices which provide either unidirectional or bi-directional communication and
which have low capability of causing interference to other radio equipment
NOTE: SRDs use either integral, dedicated or external antennas and all modes of modulation can be permitted
subject to relevant standards. SRDs are normally "license exempt".
specific SRDs: SRDs that are used in specific applications (e.g. Applications of ERC/REC 70-03 [i.4], annexes 2 to 13)
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
(x)DSL Digital Subscriber Line
AFA Adaptive Frequency Agility
AR Access Router
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
COFDM Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
CR Core Router
e.r.p. effective radiated power
EC European Community
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
E-GSM-R Extended GSM for Railways
EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
EN European Norm
ERC European Radio communication Committee
FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GSM Global System for Mobile
IOT Internet of Things
IP Internet Protocol
LBT Listen Before Talk
LDC Low Duty Cycle
LOS Line of Sight
LTE Long Term Evolution
M2M Machine-to-Machine
M3N Metropolitan Mesh Machine Network
MAC Medium Access Control
NLOS Non-Line of Sight
PHY PHYsical layer
QoS Quality of Service
REC Recommendation
RFID Radio Frequency Identification
SRD Short Range Devices
TPC Transmit Power Control
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9 ETSI TR 103 055 V1.1.1 (2011-09)
TR Technical Report
UHF Ultra High Frequency
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecomunication Systems
WAN Wide Area Network
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
4 Comments on the System Reference Document
Few comments were received through an ETSI coordinated enquiry procedure and were satisfactorily resolved.
5 Executive Summary
5.1 Context
5.1.1 From cellular to dedicated Machine-to-Machine Network
GSM has previously been used to connect remote devices to private control network. As long as the interconnected
devices have a high value such as town information display and parking meters the cost of GSM modules is a small
proportion of the overall cost.
Now, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) devices are often low cost, battery powered and transmit only small amounts of
data. GSM modules are consequently too expensive and consume too much power for such applications.
Hence new wireless techniques have been developed for Machine-to-Machine devices operating under SRD rules to
provide suitable low cost, low power connectivity.
5.1.2 From Smart Metering to Smart Cities
Smart Metering has developed from early 'walk-by' meter reading systems to fully bi-directional communications
systems constructed as large scale networks. The benefits of improved communications capabilities are seen in lower
operating costs, user-centric consumption information and improved energy production with reduced carbon emissions.
Similar benefits can be gained in gas, heat and water supply as well as electricity.
The communications techniques developed for Smart Metering can be applied to other remote sensing and management
applications. Their use in urban applications is called Smart Cities.
5.1.3 Metropolitan Mesh Machine Network and& the Internet of Things
(IOT)
Owing to its design and use of open access mechanism [i.15], Metropolitan Mesh Machine Network (M3N) brings
improved capacity (link reliability, real bi-directionality, human acceptable latency) to every device. The sharing of
several services on a single network, allows the interaction between devices of different services as well as amortising
network costs.
It is almost impossible today to discuss machine networks without considering the "Internet of Things". A recent report
concluded there may be as many as 16 billion connected objects by the year 2020. As M3N is able to connect various
devices implied on different cities automation & monitoring services over a single network, M3N is a first step toward
the Internet of Things.
5.2 Metropolitan Mesh Machine Network
A M3N is a network composed of the following of elements: Endpoints (Sensors and Actuators), Routers and
Gateways.
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10 ETSI TR 103 055 V1.1.1 (2011-09)
5.2.1 Sensors and Actuators
Sensing nodes measure a wide range of physical data, including:
• Municipal consumption of gas, water, electricity, etc.
• Municipal generation of waste.
• Meteorological such as temperature, pressure, humidity, UV index, strength and direction of wind, etc.
• Pollution such as gases (sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, carbon monoxide, ozone), heavy metals
(e.g. mercury), pH, radioactivity, etc.
• Environment data, such as levels of allergens (pollen, dust), electromagnetic pollution (solar activity), noise,
etc.
Sensor nodes run applications that typically gather the measurement data and send it to data collection and processing
application(s) on other node(s) (often outside the Network). Sensor nodes are capable of forwarding data.
Actuator nodes are capable of controlling devices such as street or traffic lights. They run applications that receive
instructions from control applications on other nodes. There are generally fewer Actuator nodes than Sensor nodes.
5.2.2 Routers and Gateway
Routers form a meshed network over which traffic between endpoints and gateways is dynamically routed. Routers are
generally not mobile and need to be small and low cost. They differ from Actuator and Sensor nodes in that they neither
control nor sense. However, a Sensor node or Actuator node may also be a router within the M3N.
A Gateway is a Router node which also provides access to a wider infrastructure and may also run applications that
communicate with Sensor and Actuator nodes.
5.3 Summary of M3N applications requirements
Existing services for local authorities and utilities have available services requirements, [i.11], [i.12] and [i.13]. Some
forward looking requirements have been identified through research [i.14], [i.15], [i.18] and [i.19] or standardization
projects [i.15], [i.16] and [i.17].
Annex C presents a set of applications and their associated service requirements for a mid-sized European city of
150 000 inhabitants spread over an area of 20 km². This typical case allows an estimate of the amount of data per
application as well as the volume of data handled by the M3N equipments. The key findings are:
• The daily data volume is approximately 600 Mbytes.
• Traffic is predominantly in the uplink direction.
• Ability to operate on battery is mandatory.
5.4 Summary of current SRD regulation
The 863 MHz to 870 MHz band (referenced "G" in [i.3]) is divided into 5 sub-bands (G, G1, G2, G3, and G4) in
table 1.
Table 1: 863 MHz to 870 MHz sub-band accessible for generic SRD
Name Band Limitations (generic SRD)
G 863 MHz to 870 MHz EIRP < 25 mW - duty cycle < 0,1 % (see note 1)
G1 868 MHz to 868,6 MHz EIRP < 25 mW - duty cycle < 1 % (see note 1)
G2 868,7 MHz to 869,2 MHz EIRP < 25 mW - duty cycle < 0,1 % (see note 1)
G3 869,4 MHz to 869,65 MHz EIRP < 500 mW - duty cycle < 10 % (see note 1)
G4 869,7 MHz to 870 MHz EIRP < 25 mW - duty cycle < 1 % (see note 1)
NOTE: Duty cycle limits can be removed if LBT and AFA are used.

ETSI
11 ETSI TR 103 055 V1.1.1 (2011-09)
For now, existing M3N applications can only operate as non-specific SRD.
5.5 The Issues
The present document investigates the use of M3N in the UHF Band.
• 0,1 % duty cycle is very low for M3N operation (see clause C.4.3).
• Co-existence with permanently transmitting high powered RFID equipment will harm M3N reliability and
battery lifetime.
• The distance between M3N devices in some deployments may be greater than the radio range achievable with
25 mW EIRP (see annex A).
• M3N application may require data rates up to 100 kbps [i.1] and see clauses C.2 and C.4.3.2.
• Human acceptable / IP acceptable latency (see clause C.3.4).
• A 25 ms transmit time limitation (T ) is too short to comply with MAC mechanism needed by battery
on
powered devices to prevent idle listening (see annex B).
• A 200 kHz channelization scheme (sub-divisible into 100 kHz or 50 kHz) consistent with E-GSM-R (between
873 MHz and 876 MHz), is required for spectrum efficiency and coexistence with Smart Metering (see
annex A, [i.1], [i.7] and [i.8]).
5.6 Summary of requirements
From the comparison of the published performance requirements of SRDs in the frequency band 870 MHz to 876 MHz
with the M3N requirements developed in annex C, the following operating parameters have been derived and are
summarized in table 2.
Table 2: Summary of requirement for M3N application and services
Parameter Value
Power 100 mW EIRP
Channelization 200 kHz (with 50 kHz and 100 kHz sub channel)
Duty Cycle Overall 1,25 % measured over a specified interval without peak limit in any
sub-interval,†, when required for coexistence with existing services
Overall 1 % measured over a specified interval without peak limit in any sub-interval
and without transmit time limitation† (outside 873 MHz to 876 MHz band to avoid
coexistence issue with E-GSM-R)
Bandwidth As Smart Metering is a part of M3N, requirement identified in 102 MHz to 886 MHz
between 873 MHz to 876 MHz band, in co-existence with E-GSM-R †
800 kHz outside E-GSM-R band for M3N devices requiring transmit time longer than
25 ms, situated as close as possible of the 873 MHz to 876 MHz Band †
† Subject to the outcome of compatibility studies.

5.7 Summary of requested ETSI/EC/ECC actions
ECC is requested to:
• Undertake studies on the proposals for new spectrum for high performance UHF SRD systems for M3N.
• Complete these studies within a time frame of 12 months.
EC is requested to:
• Harmonize European conditions for the availability and use of the radio spectrum for such SRDs.
See clause 8 for details.
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12 ETSI TR 103 055 V1.1.1 (2011-09)
It is recommended that ETSI ERM_TG28:
• Finalize the ES 202 630 [i.8] that would then be a good basis then for a new harmonised standard for such
SRDs.
See clause 6.1.2.2 for details.
6 Spectrum consideration
6.1 Current SRD Regulation
Existing SRD regulation is complex. Most M3N devices in Europe currently operate in the 868 MHz band. Spectrum
access (maximum power levels, channel spacing and duty cycle) for this band is governed by ECC/REC 70/03 [i.4],
backed by national regulations and using EN 300 220 [i.3] for verification.
SRDs are presently not designated to the frequency band 870 MHz to 876 MHz. Of the limited reference documents
available, [i.4], [i.5], [i.6] and [i.7], it is possible to extract some information on the likely performance parameters
which would be used in this band. The most important of these, addressing operational parameters and test
methodology, are TR 102 649-1 [i.6], TR 102 649-2 [i.7] and ES 202 630 [i.8]. An overview of their contents is given
in the following clause.
6.1.1 Overview of SRD regulation on the 863 MHz to 870 MHz band
SRD, either specific or not, are currently designated to the 863 MHz to 870 MHz band. From reference [i.3] and [i.4] it
can be seen that those 7 MHz are shared amongst many applications, some of them having specific needs:
• RFID require high EIRP and 100 % duty cycle to be able to supply remotely powered tag. Given the required
protection distances (918 m and 3,6 km respectively for indoor and rural outdoor environments) this in
practice, prevents the M3N devices co-existing with RFID devices.
• Alarms applications require only a narrow band, but also need a high level of protection to avoid unwanted
alarm behaviour. This limits the ability for an alarm wireless device to co-exist with other SRD users.
Consequently, the 863 MHz to 870 MHz band (band "G" in [i.3]) is divided into 4 sub-bands, numbered G1, G2, G3
and G4. Each of them has different constraints in term of EIRP, duty cycle, and channel bandwidth, as revealed in
figure 1 and table 1.
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13 ETSI TR 103 055 V1.1.1 (2011-09)

Figure 1: 863 MHz to 870 MHz designation to existing SRD applications
Until now, M3N applications only operate under the status of non-specific SRD. Consequently, only the following
bands, with associated limits can be used:
• G1: 868,000 MHz to 868,600 MHz with 25 mW EIRP and 1 % duty cycle.
• G2: 868,700 MHz to 869,200 MHz with 25 mW EIRP and 0,1 % duty cycle.
• G3: 869,400 MHz to 869,650 MHz with 500 mW EIRP and 10 % duty cycle.
The limitations of these bands for M3N are discussed in annex C.
6.1.2 Overview of published performance requirements for specific SRDs
using the frequency band 870 MHz to 876 MHz
SRDs are presently not designated to the frequency band 870 MHz to 876 MHz. Of the limited reference documents
available, [i.4], [i.6] and [i.7] it is possible to extract some information on the likely performance parameters which
would be used in this band. The most important of these, addressing operational parameters and test methodology, are
TR 102 649-1 [i.6], TR 102 649-2 [i.7] and ES 202 630 [i.8]. These are addressed in turn below.
6.1.2.1 Overview of the TR102 649-1 and TR 102 649-2
TR 102 649-1 [i.6] summarises the current use by SRDs of the frequency band 865 MHz to 868 MHz and recommends
the reassignment of certain frequency designation for RFID which optimises the use of this band. TR 102 649-2 [i.7]
identifies the additional spectrum for UHF RFID, non-specific and specific SRDs to operate in the frequency band
870 MHz to 876 MHz. This band has been split into two sub-bands:
• a non-channelized sub-band between 870 MHz to 873 MHz, for the use of non-specific SRD using the same
access rules as for the band 863 MHz to 870 MHz;
• a channelized sub-band between 873 MHz to 876 MHz with a channelization interval of 200 kHz.
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14 ETSI TR 103 055 V1.1.1 (2011-09)
In the upper sub-band an occupied bandwidth of 150 kHz is promoted as suitable for a data rate of 100 kbps with a
relaxation to 250 kHz to accommodate meters used for metering heat energy where frequency drift owing to
temperature variations is likely. It is recognised that owing to the indoor location of the majority of metering devices
there will be some attenuation from the structure of the building which will provide interference mitigation. Although
no specific access mechanism is identified for this band a duty cycle limit with maximum on and minimum inter-packet
off times is defined.
A summary of the proposal for this sub-band is given in table 3 and figure 2.
Table 3: Summary of proposed characteristics for SRDs [i.5]
Frequency Band (G6) Power Duty Cycle Channel bandwidth Remarks
873 MHz to 876 MHz ≤ 1 mW e.r.p. Up to 5 % D.C. No channel spacing Narrow/wideband,
specific SRDs.
(to be studied) Up to 1 % D.C. DSSS with 0,1 % duty cycle
Short Burst Telegrams Up to 0,1 % D.C. permitted.
≤ 25 mW e.r.p. FHSS duty cycle and T
on
≤ 100 mW e.r.p. time of hops to be studied
NOTE: For the power and duty cycle values of the frequency range G6, the trade-off varying power and duty cycle can
be interpolated from table 3.
Figure 2: Suggested allowed P versus duty cycle in band 873 MHz to 876 MHz
erp
6.1.2.2 Overview of Draft ES 202 630
ES 202 630 [i.8] provides the European profile for SRDs in the frequency band 870 MHz to 876 MHz. The work
considers the E-GSM-R standardisation being undertaken in ETSI TC RT. ES 202 630 [i.8] is applicable to all major
equipment types including metering devices. The profile for radiated power, channel spacing and duty cycle is shown in
table 4 and transmitter duty cycle is shown in table 5.
Table 4: Maximum radiated power, channel spacing and duty cycle requirement
Frequency Band Applications Maximum radiated power Channel Transmitted
(e.r.p.)/power spectral density Spacing duty cycle
870 MHz to 873 MHz All 25 mW None 1 % duty cycle or
LBT +AFA
873 + 0,2n MHz; All 100 mW 200 kHz See table 5
1 ≤ n ≤ 14
ETSI
15 ETSI TR 103 055 V1.1.1 (2011-09)
Table 5: Transmitter duty cycle
TDC parameter Value
Maximum Tx on ≤ 25 ms
Minimum Tx off ≥ 500 ms
Maximum accumulated transmission time (Tx on) 18 s in one (1) hour
NOTE: The maximum accumulated transmission time takes into account the presence of 10 simultaneous
SRD TDC devices and is needed to avoid aggregated interference effects.

It is recommended that Sub-Technical Committee ETSI ERM TG28 finalise the ES 202 630 [i.8] that would then be a
good basis for a new harmonised standard for Specific SRDs.
6.2 Performances requirements for upcoming M3N devices
6.2.1 Power
Annex A shows some typical link budgets in an urban situation and give the reliable radio range for each situation. It
clearly highlights that a node able to use 100 mW EIRP have an increased range that allow to drastically simplify
network deployment for application like gas and water meter reading and control, for which the huge majority of
endpoints are in hard to reach location. The increased range due to increased EIRP allows to save non negligible access
routers that were needed only to extend network coverage to the most hard to reach endpoints.
The fact that new building construction technique do an increased use of re-enforced concrete and external insulation
with metal shielding (Zinc, Aluminium) make recently constructed buildings, who are the most likely to be equipped
with M3N devices the most difficult to cover efficiently. For a reasonable deployment to perform successfully, 100 mW
EIRP are required.
6.2.2 Duty cycle
Core routers are the most solicited devices (gateways excluded) in the network and are the most likely to reach the duty
cycle limitations. Annex B gives an accurate estimation of each network infrastructure load, in terms of amount of data
and required transmit time.
Moreover, gateways have to handle the upcoming traffic of several core routers and all the associated endpoints. As it is
common practice to acknowledge each received frame at the MAC layer, the implied spectrum usage is even more
critical for gateways than for core routers in most of the cases. This fact should not be underestimated as the duty cycle
limitation will directly impact the maximum number of devices and the maximum amount of data that a single gateway
will be able to manage without even considering the applications downlink traffic and the network management traffic.
Putting all together, use cases analysis shows that M3N applications won't lead to a duty cycle higher than 1,25 %.
Consequently, the already required 2,5 % duty cycle TR 102 886 [i.1] would fit with all targeted applications and the
expected architecture of M3N networks. From [i.7], it has been shown that this duty cycle allows co-existence with
existing E-GSM-R services within the 873 MHz to 876 MHz band only if assorted of the time transmission limits below
• TX-on time that will not exceed a Max transmit time : 25 ms.
• TX off, which is the minimal silence time between two consecutive transmissions: 500 ms.
Those short transmission windows (less than 25 ms) are usable in a synchronized network, or when addressing
permanently listening devices. Such conditions cannot always been met by very low power devices (low cost battery
powered sensor). However, bi-directionality as well as "almost" real time reactivity is needed features, even for those
battery powered applications. In the current state of the art, such features can only be achieved through the usage of the
well known preamble sampling technique:
• With an asynchronous MAC layer
...