ETSI TR 102 970 V1.1.1 (2013-01)

Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Use Cases for spectrum and network usage among Public Safety, Commercial and Military domains

DTR/RRS-04009

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 09-Jan-2013
• Technical Committee: RRS 4 - Civil Security & Inter-Domain Synergies
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 16-Jan-2013
• Completion Date: 10-Jan-2013

Standards Content (Sample)

Technical Report
Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS);
Use Cases for spectrum and network usage
among Public Safety, Commercial and Military domains

2 ETSI TR 102 970 V1.1.1 (2013-01)

Reference
DTR/RRS-04009
Keywords
radio, safety, system
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3 ETSI TR 102 970 V1.1.1 (2013-01)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Abbreviations . 8
4 Relevant input from other organizations . 9
4.1 Organizations . 9
4.1.1 ETSI Technical Committee (TC) TErrestrial Trunked RAdio TETRA . 9
4.1.2 Public Safety Communication Europe (PSCE) . 10
4.2 Projects . 10
4.2.1 EULER project . 10
4.2.2 COGEU project . 10
4.2.3 IMSK project . 10
4.2.4 EDA CORASMA . 10
4.2.5 HELP project . 11
5 Network and Spectrum sharing concepts . 11
5.1 Network sharing . 11
5.2 Spectrum sharing . 12
6 Operational scenarios . 12
6.1 Routine Operations . 12
6.2 Emergency Crisis . 12
6.3 Major Event . 13
6.4 Natural disaster . 13
6.5 Search and Rescue . 13
7 Taxonomy of network and spectrum sharing use cases . 14
7.1 Introduction . 14
7.2 Definition of the stakeholders . 14
7.3 Network Sharing Use Cases . 15
7.3.1 User organizations sharing the same network: only one network operator is in charge of the network
management and communication services provisioning . 15
7.3.2 User organizations sharing the same network: several network operators are in charge of network
management and communication services provisioning in the shared network . 15
7.3.3 Several user organizations sharing the same network. The home network of some of the users is not
the shared network . 16
7.3.4 Conclusions on network sharing scenarios . 17
7.4 Spectrum Sharing Use Cases . 21
7.4.1 Introduction. 21
7.4.2 Taxonomy of stakeholders and spectrum allocations. . 22
7.4.3 Dynamic transfer of exclusive rights of use . 24
7.4.3.1 Dynamic transfer of exclusive rights of use between commercial and public safety domains . 24
7.4.3.2 Dynamic transfer of exclusive rights of use between military and non-military domains . 24
7.4.4 Secondary access . 25
7.4.4.1 Secondary access based on coordination mechanisms . 25
7.4.4.2 Secondary access based on coexistence mechanisms . 25
7.4.5 Collective use of spectrum . 26
7.4.5.1 Collective use of spectrum based on coordination mechanisms . 26
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7.4.5.2 Collective use of spectrum based on coexistence mechanisms . 26
7.4.6 Conclusions on spectrum sharing scenarios. . 26
8 Potential operational and technical requirements . 29
8.1 Introduction . 29
8.2 Potential Functional Requirements . 30
8.2.1 Prioritisation requirements . 30
8.2.2 Interoperability and interworking requirements . 30
8.2.3 Resource management requirements . 31
8.3 Non-functional requirements . 31
8.3.1 Availability . 31
8.3.2 Security . 32
8.3.3 Usability . 32
9 Conclusions . 32
History . 34

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5 ETSI TR 102 970 V1.1.1 (2013-01)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS).
Introduction
The present document provides a study of the use cases for network and spectrum sharing among Public Safety (PS),
Commercial and Military domains.
The capability of exchanging information (e.g. voice or data) is essential to improve the coordination of public safety
officers during an emergency crisis. Wireless communications are particularly important in field operations to support
the mobility of first responders. While in their routine service, the operators may have learned to work around the
shortcomings of their communication systems, the situation changes dramatically when an emergency causes additional
stress for the system and the operators. Emergency scenarios usually lead to exceptionally high traffic loads, which the
existing wireless communication systems may not be able to support. This situation can be worsened in scenarios with
limited radio coverage (e.g. a truck accident in a tunnel) or when parts of the communications infrastructures are
damaged in the incident area. Sharing of network and spectrum can increase the traffic capacity, provide higher
coverage and improve the connectivity availability.
The present document investigates the potential use cases for network and spectrum sharing among the public safety,
commercial and military networks. The potential benefits, feasibility and related technical challenges are identified for
each use case.
In the present document, the identification of the use cases for network and spectrum sharing is only aimed to non-
mission critical applications.
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6 ETSI TR 102 970 V1.1.1 (2013-01)
1 Scope
The scope of the present document is to investigate the various use cases for spectrum and network sharing, which can
enhance the capabilities of public safety organizations in non-mission critical operations.
"Mission critical operations" for public safety organisations address situations where human life and goods (rescue
operations, law enforcement) and other values for society are at risk, especially when time is a vital factor. This means
we define 'mission critical information' as the vital information for public safety to succeed with the operation. Mission
critical communication solutions' therefore means that the public safety organisations need secure, reliable and available
communication and as a consequence cannot afford the risk of having failures in their individual and group
communication (e.g. voice and data or video transmissions).
Beyond mission critical operations, public safety officers may be involved in non-mission critical operations and
applications for crisis management, where demand for broadband connectivity and traffic capacity can be very
important.
As the requirements of mission critical operations can be quite restrictive, the present document will address only the
application of spectrum and network sharing for non-mission critical operations.
In this regard the following aspects are covered:
• The public safety operational scenarios, where spectrum and network sharing can be applied.
• Potential operational and technical requirements for spectrum and network sharing.
• Taxonomy of the use cases for spectrum and network sharing.
The scope of the present document is not to suggest changes to the spectrum regulatory framework.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TR 102 745: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); User Requirements for Public Safety".
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7 ETSI TR 102 970 V1.1.1 (2013-01)
[i.2] ECC-ETSI, European process of standardisation and regulation for new radio communications
devices or systems - cooperation between CEPT and ETSI.
NOTE: Available online at
http://www.etsi.org/WebSite/document/Technologies/cooperation%20process%20between%20ECC%20a
nd%20ETSI.pdf.
[i.3] ITU Terms and Definitions database.
NOTE: Available online at http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.asp?category=information&link=terminology-
database&lang=en.
[i.4] CEPT ECC Report 169, "Description of practises relative to trading of spectrum rights of use",
May 2011.
[i.5] William Lehr and Nancy Jesuale, "Spectrum Pooling for Next Generation Public Safety Radio
Systems", 3rd IEEE Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks
(DYSPAN), October 2008.
[i.6] Radio Spectrum Policy Group: RSPG10-348 Final, RSPG Opinion on Cognitive Technologies.
February 2011.
NOTE: Available at
http://rspg.ec.europa.eu/_documents/documents/meeting/rspg24/rspg_10_348_ct_opinion_final.pdf.
[i.7] ETSI TR 102 628: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); System
reference document; Land Mobile Service; Additional spectrum requirements for future Public
Safety and Security (PSS) wireless communication systems in the UHF frequency range".
[i.8] ETSI TR 121 905: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Vocabulary for 3GPP Specifications ((3GPP TR
21.905 version 10.3.0 Release 10)".
[i.9] CEPT ECC FM49 on "Radio Spectrum for Public Protection and Disaster Relief (PPDR)".
NOTE: Working documents available at public website: http://www.cept.org/ecc/groups/ecc/wg-fm/fm-
49/page/terms-of-reference.
[i.10] PPDR Spectrum Harmonisation in Germany, Europe and Globally by WikConsult on behalf of the
German Ministry of Economics and Technology.
NOTE: Available at http://www.bmwi.de. Last accessed 18/07/2012.
[i.11] Radio Spectrum Policy Group: Report on Collective Use of Spectrum (CUS) and other spectrum
sharing approaches, November 2011. RSPG11-392 Final.
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
Cognitive Radio (CR): radio, which has the following capabilities:
• to obtain the knowledge of radio operational environment and established policies and to monitor usage
patterns and users' needs;
• to dynamically and autonomously adjust its operational parameters and protocols according to this knowledge
in order to achieve predefined objectives, e.g. more efficient utilization of spectrum; and
• to learn from the results of its actions in order to further improve its performance.
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Incident Area Network (IAN): network providing connectivity to the public safety personnel for the local area where
the incident happened
NOTE: An IAN, for instance, can be a local wireless network with a limited range (e.g. 1 Km ) around a building
on fire.
incumbent radio service: radio service authorized for operation on a given frequency band with a regulatory priority
public safety organization: organization, which is responsible for the prevention and protection from events that could
endanger the safety of the general public
NOTE: Such events could be natural or man-made. Example of Public Safety organizations are police,
fire-fighters and others.
Professional Mobile Radio (PMR): radio system designed for a closed user group
NOTE: PMR networks consist of one or more base stations and a number of mobile terminals to support
communication over relatively short distances with a central base station/dispatcher. PMR technology is
usually adopted by public safety organizations and it is designed on the basis of public safety technical
and operational requirements. PMR systems generally provide facilities for closed user groups, group call
and push-to-talk, and have call set-up times which are generally short compared with cellular systems.
Many PMR systems allow Direct Mode Operation in which terminals can communicate with one another
directly when they are out of the coverage area of a network.
Public Mobile Network (PMN) Operator: operator maintaining and running the telecom infrastructure, which
provides wireless connectivity and services to the commercial users (i.e. the generic citizen)
NOTE: A mobile network operator has usually acquired from the government one or more radio spectrum
licenses.
Public Safety Network (PSN) Operator: operator maintaining and running the telecom infrastructure, which provides
wireless connectivity and services to the public safety organizations
NOTE: A professional mobile network operator is usually granted by the government one or more radio spectrum
licenses.
radio technology: technology for wireless transmission and/or reception of electromagnetic radiation for information
transfer
reconfigurable radio systems: generic term for radio systems encompassing Software Defined and/or Cognitive Radio
Systems
Use case: description of a system's behaviour as it responds to a request that originates from outside of that system
NOTE: In other words, a use case describes "who" can do "what" with the system in question. The use case
technique is used to capture a system's behavioural requirements by detailing scenario-driven threads
through the functional requirements.
User Equipment (UE): device allowing a user access to network services
White Space (WS): part of the spectrum, which is available for a radio communication application (service, system) at
a given time in a given geographical area on a non-interfering/non-protected basis with regard to primary services and
other services with a higher priority on a national basis
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
rd
3GPP 3 Generation Partnership Project
ASA Authorized Shared Access
BBDR BroadBand Disaster Relief
BSC Base Station Control site
CBRNE Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear Explosive
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administration
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CN Cellular Networks?
CORASMA COgnitive RAdio for dynamic Spectrum MAnagement
CR Cognitive Radio
CUS Collective Use of Spectrum
ECC Electronic Communication Committee
EDA European Defence Agency
EIAN Extended Incident Area Network
GSM Global System for Mobile communications
HF High Frequency
IAN Incident Area Network
ICT Information and Communication Technology
IMSK Integrated Mobile Security Kit
IP Internet Protocol
ISM Industrial Scientific and Medical (frequency band)
LSA License Shared Access
LTE Long Term Evolution
MAC Medium Access Control layer
MVNO Mobile Virtual Network Operator
NGO Non Governmental Organization
NRA National Regulatory Agency
PMN Public Mobile Network
PMR Professional Mobile Radio
PPDR Public Protection and Disaster Relief
PS Public Safety
PSCE Public Safety Communication Europe
PSN Public Safety Network
PSTN Public Services Telephone Network
QoS Quality of Service
RAN Radio Access Network
RNC Radio Network Control
RRS Reconfigurable Radio Systems
SDR Software Defined Radio
SLA Service Level Agreement
TETRA TErrestrial Trunked Radio
TVWS TV White Spaces
TX signal Transmitter
UE User Equipment
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
VMNO Virtual Mobile Network Operator
4 Relevant input from other organizations
This clause provides the list of input documents and information sources, which are relevant to the present document.
The list includes deliverables and other documentation produced by organizations or projects.
4.1 Organizations
4.1.1 ETSI Technical Committee (TC) TErrestrial Trunked RAdio TETRA
TErrestrial Trunked RAdio (TETRA) is a digital trunked mobile radio standard developed to meet the needs of
traditional Professional Mobile Radio (PMR) user organizations for Public Safety, Transportation, Utilities,
Government, Military, Mining Oil and Gas exploration.
ETSI TC TETRA has identified the spectrum requirements for wideband and broadband communications for public
safety in reference [i.7]. Reference [i.7] also investigates the possibility of spectrum sharing among military, public
safety and commercial stakeholders through a pre-emptive mechanism. Details on the pre-emptive mechanism are
provided in [i.7].
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4.1.2 Public Safety Communication Europe (PSCE)
Public Safety Communication Europe (PSCE) has been created to facilitate the development of new communication
technologies for Public Safety organizations. PSCE has an extensive membership drawn from civil protection groups,
government, industry, academia and NGOs. The PSCE aims to build a consensus through dialogue between
stakeholders, and it has created a European Public Safety Stakeholder Forum, intended as a permanent forum to deal
with public safety communication issues. Reports on the investigation are available at the PSCE web site
http://www.psc-europe.eu/.
PSCE has investigated wireless communication technologies like TETRA, Long Term Evolution (LTE), Satellite
Communications and ad-hoc networks for field communications.
4.2 Projects
4.2.1 EULER project
The FP7 EULER project (www.euler-project.eu) gathers major players in Europe in the field of wireless systems
communication integration and software defined radio (SDR), is supported by a strong group of end-users, and aims to
define and actually demonstrate how the benefits of SDR can be leveraged in order to enhance interoperability in case
of crisis needed to be jointly resolved. The proposed activities span the following topics: proposal for a new
high-data-rate waveform for homeland security, strengthening and maturing ongoing efforts in Europe in the field of
SDR standardisation, implementation of Software defined radio platforms, associated assessment of the proposal for
high-data-rate waveform for security, and realisation of an integrated demonstrator targeted towards end-users.
Significant interaction with E.U stakeholders in the field of security forces management will contribute in shaping a
European vision for interoperability in joint operations for restoring safety after crisis.
4.2.2 COGEU project
The FP7 COGEU project has the objective to investigate the use of TV White Spaces (TVWS) and the introduction and
promotion of real-time secondary spectrum trading and the creation of new spectrum commons regime. COGEU will
also define new methodologies for TVWS equipment certification and compliance addressing coexistence with the
Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial/Handheld (DVBT/H) European standard.
COGEU has also investigated the possibility to use TV White Space for Public Safety organizations.
4.2.3 IMSK project
The FP7 Integrated Mobile Security Kit (IMSK) project had the objective to design a mobile system, which uses
innovative applications and technologies to address emergency crisis and unpredictable terrorist activity. The Integrated
Mobile Security Kit (IMSK) project will combine technologies for area surveillance; checkpoint control, CBRNE
detection into a mobile system for rapid deployment at venues and sites (hotels, sport/festival arenas, etc.) which
temporarily need enhanced security.
The project will employ legacy and novel sensor technologies, that will integrate sensor information to provide a
common operational picture where information is fused into intelligence, perform a field demonstration to validate the
concept, adapt the system to local security forces and finally disseminate the results after accreditation by end-users.
The Consortium consists of 27 parties spread all over Europe ranging from large, internationally recognised defence
companies to small-medium enterprises, universities and operational counter-terror professionals.
The IMSK project has investigated the application of wireless communication systems to support wideband data
connectivity to fields personnel and the command and control centres.
4.2.4 EDA CORASMA
The European Defence Agency (EDA) has financed a project called CORASMA (COgnitive RAdio for dynamic
Spectrum MAnagement).
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The main objective of CORASMA is to use CR technology to enable a more flexible usage of the spectrum resources to
allow the systems to adapt according to their context while maintaining its performance, robustness, availability and
QoS. The objective of the CORASMA project is to study the application of the CR to military needs and to assess the
benefits of such technique.
The CORASMA project will report to the EDA every 6 months through seven Milestones. The outputs of the
CORASMA project will be technical and management reports and a hardware/software simulation platform
demonstrator.
The objectives and the results of the CORASMA project may be quite relevant to the present document but they are not
specifically focused to the spectrum sharing with the commercial and public safety domains. Furthermore, CORASMA
deliverables have restricted access.
4.2.5 HELP project
The FP7 HELP project (http://www.fp7-sec-help.eu/) will establish a comprehensive solution framework aspiring to
significantly enhance the secured communications resilience and responsiveness in emergency situations. The proposed
solution framework is built on the following two pillars:
1) The capacity and efficiency of public safety communications networks can be increased by implementing
"network sharing" concepts between different PMR networks (e.g. a PMR network belonging to a given public
safety organisation is made available to other first responder agencies that participate in the crisis
management) as well as between PMR and commercial cellular networks. "Network sharing" refers to the
capability of sharing network resources like traffic capacity, communication services and broadband
connectivity between networks, which may have been designed for different tasks. This approach is
particularly beneficial since it is very unlikely that a new private globally harmonised public safety multimedia
communication solution will be introduced in the foreseeable future.
2) Network capacity and efficiency can be increased by implementing "spectrum sharing" techniques between
public safety and commercial networks in case of emergencies or natural or man-made disasters. "Spectrum
sharing" refers to the possibility of managing spectrum in a flexible way.
5 Network and Spectrum sharing concepts
5.1 Network sharing
A formal definition for "network sharing" has not been addressed within telecommunications regulatory and
standardisation bodies. Instead, "network sharing" term has been used in a broad manner encompassing different
perspectives. Hence, in order to establish a solid common understanding, the following definition is adopted:
• "Network sharing" refers to the shared use of a network, or a part of it, by multiple users. Different types of
services for different user organizations may be provided through the shared network by one or several
network operators that may have a different degree of control over the resources of the shared network.
Different views on "network sharing" approaches considered in different contexts are discussed here to assess the
suitability of the proposed definition.
In the context of mobile cellular networks, "network sharing" has been mainly used to refer to the sharing of network
infrastructure in the core and radio access networks among multiple operators. Reference [i.8] provides the following
definition:
"RAN sharing: Two or more CN operators share the same RAN, i.e. a RAN node (RNC or BSC) is connected to multiple
CN nodes (SGSNs and MSC/VLRs) belonging to different CN operators."
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5.2 Spectrum sharing
The concept of "spectrum sharing" is defined in [i.2] as follows:
• "spectrum sharing" is a term usually used to describe co-existence with an incumbent radiocommunications
application (-s) within the same frequency band as proposed for new application(s)".
In the regulatory domain, ITU Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) does not provide a formal definition for spectrum
sharing in [i.3]. The ICT Regulation Toolkit co-produced by ITU, comprises a module for "Radio Spectrum
Management" where the following ideas about spectrum sharing are stated:
"Spectrum sharing typically involves more than one user sharing the same piece of spectrum for different applications
or using different technologies".
"Spectrum sharing encompasses several techniques - some administrative, technical and market-based. Sharing can be
accomplished through licensing and/or commercial arrangements involving spectrum leases and spectrum trading.
Spectrum can also be shared in several dimensions; time, space and geography".
6 Operational scenarios
The purpose of the following clauses is to define operational scenarios where the sharing of spectrum resource among
commercial, public safety and/or military domains could be applied.
The list of scenarios includes the scenarios already defined in [i.1].
6.1 Routine Operations
This operational scenario includes all the routing activities performed by Public Safety organizations including
patrolling, routing law enforcement, protection of the citizens from theft and others.
An example of this operational scenario is the prevention of theft in an urban environment.
This operational scenario is characterized by:
1) Well defined traffic patterns in the jurisdiction area. There are not peak demands of traffic or capacity.
2) Limited demand for broadband data.
3) Limited geographical or time extension.
4) Limited number of public safety officers involved in the scenario.
On account of these characteristics, dedicated public safety networks are usually suitably sized for routine operations
and additional network or spectrum resources are usually not needed.
6.2 Emergency Crisis
An emergency crisis includes various types of events due to intentional or unintentional causes, which create disruption
to the normal business flow, may endanger life of civilians and destroy public or private facilities.
An example of this operational scenario is fire in a building in an urban environment.
This operational scenario is characterized by:
1) Emergency crises are usually unexpected events with peaks of traffic demand in the first hours after the crisis.
2) Emergency crises are usually concentrated in one jurisdiction, but they can occasionally spans more than one
jurisdiction.
3) Various public safety organizations can be involved in this operational scenario. The presence of various
communication systems can create interoperability barriers.
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4) On account of the risk of loss of lives and assets, timely access to communication resources is essential.
As a result of these characteristics, dedicated public safety networks normally have a reasonable amount of extra
capacity to handle these kind of events. But if it is a big event, the capacity may not be suitably sized for such
operational scenario's, and additional network or spectrum resources are then needed. The challenge is to provide these
resources within the time constraints imposed by the operational scenario.
6.3 Major Event
A major event is a planned event, which may include a large number of people and organizations in a specific
geographic area for a limited duration of time.
An example of this operational scenario is a large sport event.
This operational scenario is characterized by:
1) Possibility to plan the allocation of communication resource in advance.
2) Large number of citizens.
3) A major event is usually concentrated in a specific geographical area or jurisdiction.
4) Various public safety organizations can be involved in this operational scenario but interoperability barriers
can be mitigated through careful planning. Communication interoperability issues among different
communication technologies outside the context of sharing network or spectrum resources are out of scope of
the present document and they will not be addressed here.
As a result of these characteristics, dedicated public safety networks normally have a reasonable amount of extra
capacity to handle these kind of events. But if it is a big event, the capacity may not be suitably sized for such
operational scenario's. Additional network or spectrum resources are then needed and their deployment can be planned
in advance.
6.4 Natural disaster
A natural disaster is caused by natural phenomena, which can impact a large geographical area and a huge number of
people and assets. The causes of a natural disaster may be still present for hours or days as in the case of a flooding or
earthquake.
An example of this operational scenario is a tsunami or an earthquake.
This operational scenario is characterized by:
1) A large number of citizens and assets may be involved.
2) Existing communication infrastructures can be destroyed or degraded.
3) Various public safety organizations can be involved in this operational scenario. The presence of various
communication systems can create interoperability barriers.
4) A natural disaster could impact a large geographical area and various jurisdictions.
5) Military forces could be involved in the response to a natural disaster.
In this operational scenario, there may be a large need of traffic demand and connectivity for various applications. Such
unexpected requests of traffic may be worsened by the degraded conditions of public safety and commercial networks.
Local or tactical communication networks could be used in absence of a fixed infrastructure.
6.5 Search and Rescue
This operational scenario is focused on the search & rescue of one or more persons or a significant asset (i.e. lost ship or
airplane). It is usually executed in a very isolated or difficult environment both due to difficult terrain or bad weather
conditions.
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An example of this operational scenario is the search & rescue of a lost airplane.
This operational scenario is characterized by:
1) A large geographical area to be searched.
2) Most likely there will not be adequate communication coverage in the area.
3) One or few public safety organizations may be involved.
In this operational scenario, the demand for traffic and connectivity is quite limited. Coverage of the communication
systems may be an issue, but it can be addressed through specific long range communications systems (e.g. HF,
Satellite).
7 Taxonomy of network and spectrum sharing use
cases
7.1 Introduction
The purpose of this clause is to provide an overview of all the possible network sharing or spectrum sharing use cases.
The clause is divided in the identification of the network sharing use cases and the identification of spectrum sharing
use cases. Each use case is also evaluated against the requirements defined in clause 8.
7.2 Definition of the stakeholders
This clause describes the potential stakeholders, which can be involved in the network and spectrum sharing scenarios.
The following stakeholders are identified:
• Military: Military is the organization responsible for the national defence policy. Because military is
responsible for the nation protection and security, it may also support public safety organizations in case of a
large national disaster. Military forces use tactical communication networks or long range communications
(e.g. HF, satellite) rather than cellular communication networks. Military forces also have strict security
requirements for the sharing of information or resources with non-military parties. This constraint may
strongly limit all the network and spectrum sharing scenarios because the coordination on the use of network
resources may not be possible.
• Public Safety Organization: an organization, which is responsible for the prevention and protection from
events that could endanger the safety of the general public.
• Commercial user: the user of the private mobile network operator (i.e. a generic citizen).
• Mobile Network Operator: the operator, which maintains and runs the telecom infrastructure.
• Public Mobile Network (PMN) Operator: the operator, which maintains and runs the telecom infrastructure,
which provide wireless connectivity and services to the commercial users (i.e. the generic citizen). A mobile
network operator has usually acquired from the government one or more radio spectrum licenses. See
definitions in 3.1.
• Public Safety Mobile Network (PSN) Operator: the operator, which maintains and runs the telecom
infrastructure, which provide wireless connectivity and services to the public safety organizations. See
definitions in 3.1.
• Spectrum Regulator: it is the national or international body charged with any of the regulatory tasks assigned
by European Directives on radio frequency spectrum.
• Mobile Virtual Network Operator (MVNO): it is a mobile network operator that provides services to users
but it does not own the network assets and the radio spectrum licenses, which are instead owned by a PMN or
a PSN.
ETSI
15 ETSI TR 102 970 V1.1.1 (2013-01)
7.3 Network Sharing Use Cases
Several use cases of "network sharing" can be identified on the basis of the relationships, which may exist among the
stakeholders.
7.3.1 User organizations sharing the same network: only one network
operator is in charge of the network management and
communication services provisioning
This use case is illustrated in Figure 1. Network 1 is managed exclusively by network Operator 1 providing
communication services to several user organizations User i, (i=1.n). These organizations can be both public safety
organizations and commercial users. All users might have access to a set of common services from the network
(e.g. PSTN voice calls, Internet access) together with a set of private/customised services per user (e.g. talk group
services, directory services, information databases, etc.). This use case is also identified as Network Sharing Use
Case A in the rest of the present document.
An example is a Mobile Network Operator, which provides services both to commercial users and public safety
organizations.
Another example is a PSN Operator, which provides services to Public Safety Organizations as it was designed to do,
but it can also u
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