ETSI ETS 300 175-2 ed.2 (1996-09)

Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 2: Physical Layer (PHL)

RE/RES-03027-2

Digitalne izboljšane brezvrvične telekomunikacije (DECT) - Skupni vmesnik (CI) - 2. del: Fizična plast (PHL)

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 19-Sep-1996
• Technical Committee: RES 3 - DECT
• Current Stage: 13 - TB decision to make document historical
• Completion Date: 28-Sep-2001
• Ref Project: SIST ETS 300 175-2:1999 - Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 2: Physical Layer (PHL)

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-1999
'LJLWDOQHL]EROMãDQHEUH]YUYLþQHWHOHNRPXQLNDFLMH'(&76NXSQLYPHVQLN&,
GHO)L]LþQDSODVW3+/
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI); Part 2:
Physical Layer (PHL)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETS 300 175-2 Edition 2
ICS:
33.070.30 'LJLWDOQHL]EROMãDQH Digital Enhanced Cordless
EUH]YUYLþQHWHOHNRPXQLNDFLMH Telecommunications (DECT)
'(&7
35.100.10 )L]LþQLVORM Physical layer
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EUROPEAN ETS 300 175-2
TELECOMMUNICATION September 1996
STANDARD Second Edition
Source: ETSI TC-RES Reference: RE/RES-03027-2
ICS: 33.060, 33.060.50
Key words: DECT, radio
Radio Equipment and Systems (RES);
Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT);
Common Interface (CI);
Part 2: Physical layer (PHL)
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: [e-mail]
Tel.: [phone] - Fax: [phone]
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1996. All rights reserved.

Page 2
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.

Page 3
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
Contents
Foreword .7
1 Scope .9
2 Normative references.9
3 Definitions and abbreviations .10
3.1 Definitions .10
3.2 Abbreviations .11
4 PHL services .12
4.1 RF channels (access in frequency) .12
4.1.1 Nominal position of RF carriers.12
4.1.2 Accuracy and stability of RF carriers.13
4.2 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) structure (access in time) .13
4.2.1 Frame, full-slot, double-slot, and half-slot structure .13
4.2.2 Reference timer accuracy and stability .14
4.2.3 RFP transmission jitter .14
4.2.4 PP reference timer synchronization .15
4.2.5 System synchronization.15
4.2.6 Inter-system synchronization.15
4.2.7 Reference timer adjustment for synchronization.15
4.3 Cells (access in space).16
4.4 Physical packets .16
4.4.1 The short physical packet P00 .16
4.4.2 The basic physical packet P32.17
4.4.3 The low capacity physical packet P08j.17
4.4.4 The high capacity physical packet P80 .18
4.5 Physical channels .18
4.5.1 Ra(K, L, M, N) notation.18
4.5.2 The short physical channel R00(K,L,M,N).19
4.5.3 The basic physical channel R32(K,L,M,N) .19
4.5.4 The low-rate physical channel R08j(K,L,M,N) .20
4.5.5 The high capacity physical channel R80(K,L,M,N).20
4.6 Synchronization field S.21
4.7 D-field.21
4.7.1 Physical packet P00 .21
4.7.2 Physical packet P32 .22
4.7.3 Physical packet P08j .22
4.7.4 Physical packet P80 .22
4.8 Z-field.22
4.9 Bit pattern during ramping.23
5 Transmission of physical packets .23
5.1 Definitions .23
5.1.1 End of the physical packet .23
5.1.2 Transmitted power.23
5.1.3 Normal Transmitted Power (NTP).23
5.2 Transmission burst .23
5.2.1 Transmitter attack time.23
5.2.2 Transmitter release time .24
5.2.3 Minimum power.24
5.2.4 Maximum power.24
5.2.5 Maintenance of transmission after packet end.24
5.2.6 Transmitter idle power output.24
5.3 Transmitted power .25
5.3.1 Peak power per transceiver.25

Page 4
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
5.3.1.1 PP and RFP with an integral antenna . 25
5.3.1.2 PP and RFP with external connections for all antennas . 25
5.3.2 Maximum EIRP and number of transceivers. 25
5.4 RF carrier modulation.25
5.4.1 Modulation method . 25
5.4.2 Definition of "1" and "0". 25
5.4.3 Deviation limits. 25
5.5 Unwanted RF power radiation. 26
5.5.1 Emissions due to modulation. 26
5.5.2 Emissions due to transmitter transients. 27
5.5.3 Emissions due to intermodulation. 27
5.5.4 Spurious emissions when allocated a transmit channel . 27
6 Reception of physical packets . 28
6.1 Definitions and conditions for clause 6. 28
6.1.1 Power levels and field strength. 28
6.1.2 Test conditions. 28
6.1.3 Reference DECT radio end point. 28
6.2 Radio receiver sensitivity.28
6.3 Radio receiver reference bit error rate . 29
6.4 Radio receiver interference performance. 29
6.5 Radio receiver blocking. 29
6.5.1 Owing to signals occurring at the same time but on other frequencies. 29
6.5.2 Owing to signals occurring at a different time. 30
6.6 Receiver intermodulation performance . 30
6.7 Spurious emissions when not allocated a transmit channel. 30
6.7.1 Out of band. 30
6.7.2 In the DECT band. 30
7 Primitives between physical layer and other entities . 30
7.1 Medium access control layer (D-SAP) . 30
7.1.1 PL_TX {req} . 31
7.1.2 PL_RX {req,cfm}. 31
7.1.3 PL_FREQ_ADJ {req,}. 32
7.2 Management entity (PM-SAP). 32
7.2.1 PL_ME_SYNC {req,cfm}. 32
7.2.2 PL_ME_SIG_STR {req,cfm}. 33
7.2.3 PL_ME_TIME_ADJ {req,cfm}. 33
8 PHL procedures. 33
8.1 Addition of synchronization field and transmission. 33
8.2 Packet reception and removal of synchronization field . 33
8.3 Measurement of signal strength. 34
8.4 Synchronization pulse detection. 34
8.5 Timing adjustment. 34
8.6 Frequency adjustment. 34
9 Management entity procedures related to PHL . 34
9.1 List of quietest physical channels. 35
9.2 Physical channels with greatest field strength (PP only). 35
9.3 Extract timing . 35
Annex A (normative): Safety requirements. 36
A.1 Recommendation . 36
A.2 Safety distances . 36
Annex B (informative): Public Access Profile (PAP): mandatory requirements regarding the physical
layer . 37
B.1 Minimum Normal Transmit Power (NTP) . 37

Page 5
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
B.2 Radio receiver sensitivity.37
B.3 Z-field .37
B.4 Sliding collision detection .37
Annex C (normative): Synchronization Port.38
C.1 Synchronization Ports .38
C.1.1 External synchronization output port .38
C.1.2 External synchronization input port .38
C.2 Synchronization.39
C.2.1 External synchronization signal.40
C.2.2 Envelope synchronization.40
C.3 Interconnection cable.41
C.4 Propagation delay of synchronization signals.41
C.4.1 Calculation of Propagation delay (informative).41
C.4.2 Delay compensation.42
C.5 Synchronization by a GPS receiver. .42
C.5.1 DECT multiframe time synchronization using GPS.42
C.5.2 DECT multiframe-number synchronization using GPS .43
C.5.3 DECT PSCN synchronization using GPS.43
Annex D (normative): Prolonged preamble .44
D.1 Bit pattern .44
D.2 The power-time template .44
D.3 Procedures for implementing a prolonged preamble .44
D.4 Procedures for implementing a switched receiver antenna diversity algorithm relying on a
prolonged preamble .45
Annex E (informative): Bibliography.46
History.47

Page 6
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
Blank page
Page 7
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
Foreword
This second edition European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) has been produced by the Radio
Equipment and Systems (RES) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards
Institute (ETSI).
This ETS forms part 2 of a series of 9 laying down the arrangements for the Digital Enhanced Cordless
Telecommunications (DECT) Common Interface (CI).
Part 1: "Overview".
Part 2 "Physical layer (PHL)".
Part 3 "Medium Access Control (MAC) layer".
Part 4 "Data Link Control (DLC) layer".
Part 5: "Network (NWK) layer".
Part 6: "Identities and addressing".
Part 7: "Security features".
Part 8: "Speech coding and transmission".
Part 9: "Public Access Profile (PAP)".
Annexes A, C and D to this ETS are normative. Annex B and E to this ETS are informative.
Further details of the DECT system may be found in ETR 015, ETR 043, and ETR 056.
Transposition dates
Date of adoption of this ETS: 6 September 1996
Date of latest announcement of this ETS (doa): 31 December 1996
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this ETS (dop/e): 30 June 1997
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 June 1997

Page 8
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
Blank page
Page 9
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
1 Scope
This second edition European Telecommunication Standard (ETS) gives an introduction and overview of
the complete Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) Common Interface (CI).
This part of the DECT CI specifies the physical channel arrangements. DECT physical channels are radio
communication paths between two radio end points. A radio end point is either part of the fixed
infrastructure or a Portable Part (PP), typically a handset. The assignment of one or more particular
physical channels to a call is the task of higher layers.
The Physical Layer (PHL) interfaces with the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, and with the Lower
Layer Management Entity (LLME). On the other side of the PHL is the radio transmission medium which
has to be shared extensively with other DECT users and a wide variety of other radio services. The tasks
of the PHL can be grouped into five categories:
a) to modulate and demodulate radio carriers with a bit stream of a defined rate to create a radio
frequency channel;
b) to acquire and maintain bit and slot synchronization between transmitters and receivers;
c) to transmit or receive a defined number of bits at a requested time and on a particular frequency;
d) to add and remove the synchronization field and the Z-field used for rear end collision detection;
e) to observe the radio environment to report signal strengths.
2 Normative references
This ETS incorporates, by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
normative references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed
hereafter. For dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of, any of these publications
apply to this ETS only when incorporated in it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest
edition of the publication referred to applies.
[1] ETS 300 175-1 (1996): "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital
Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI);
Part 1: Overview".
[2] ETS 300 175-3 (1996): "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital
Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI);
Part 3: Medium Access Control (MAC) layer".
[3] ETS 300 175-4 (1996): "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital
Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI);
Part 4: Data Link Control (DLC) layer".
[4] ETS 300 175-5 (1996): "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital
Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI);
Part 5: Network (NWK) layer".
[5] ETS 300 175-6 (1996): "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital
Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI);
Part 6: Identities and addressing".
[6] ETS 300 175-7 (1996): "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital
Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI);
Part 7: Security features".
[7] ETS 300 175-8 (1996): "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital
Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI);
Part 8: Speech coding and transmission".

Page 10
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
[8] ETS 300 175-9 (1996): "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital
Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common Interface (CI);
Part 9: Public Access Profile (PAP)".
[9] ETS 300 444: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital European
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Generic Access Profile (GAP)”.
[10] I-ETS 300 176: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Digital European
Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Approval test specification".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this ETS the following definitions apply:
antenna diversity: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
cell: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
Central Control Fixed Part (CCFP): See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
channel: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
cluster: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
Connection Oriented mode (C/O): See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
Cordless Radio Fixed Part (CRFP): See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
coverage area: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
Dect Network (DNW): See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
double duplex bearer: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
double simplex bearer: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
double slot: One 12th of a TDMA frame which is used to support one high capacity physical channel.
down-link: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
duplex bearer: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
Fixed Part (DECT Fixed Part) (FP): See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
Fixed Radio Termination (FT): See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
frame: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
full slot (slot): See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
guard space: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
half slot: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
handover: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
intercell handover: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
intracell handover: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].

Page 11
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
Lower Layer Management Entity (LLME): See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
multiframe: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
physical channel (channel): See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
Portable Part (DECT Portable Part) (PP): See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
Portable radio Termination (PT): See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
public access service: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
radio channel: No defined meaning. See RF channel or physical channel.
radio end point: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
Radio Fixed Part (RFP): See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
Repeater Part (REP): See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
RF carrier (carrier): See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
RF channel: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
simplex bearer: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
Single Radio Fixed Part (SRFP): See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
TDMA frame: See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
Wireless Relay Station (WRS): See ETS 300 175-1 [1].
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this ETS the following abbreviations apply:
ACP Adjacent Channel Power
ACK Acknowledgement
CCFP Central Control Fixed Part
CI Common Interface (standard)
CRFP Cordless Radio Fixed Part
dBc dB relative to the peak power of an unmodulated carrier
dBm dB relative to 1 milliwatt
DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
DLC Data Link Control layer
EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
ERP Effective Radiated Power
FP Fixed Part
FT Fixed radio Termination
GFSK Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying
GMSK Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
LLME Lower Layer Management Entity
MAC Medium Access Control layer
PHL Physical Layer
PHS Portable HandSet
PP Portable Part
ppm parts per million
PT Portable radio Termination
REP Repeater Part
RF Radio Frequency
RFP Radio Fixed Part
RSSI Radio Signal Strength Indicator

Page 12
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
SAR Specific Absorbtion Rate
TDD Time Division Duplex
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
WRS Wireless Relay Station
4 PHL services
A physical channel provides a simplex bit-pipe between two radio end points. To establish, for example, a
duplex telephone connection, two physical channels have to be established between the endpoints.
Radio spectrum is needed to create a physical channel. The radio spectrum space has three dimensions:
- geometric (geographic) space;
- frequency; and
- time.
Spectrum is assigned to physical channels by sharing it in these three dimensions.
DECT provides a mechanism called "handover", to release a physical channel and to establish another
one in any or all of the three dimensions without releasing the end to end connection.
The requirements of this part should be read in conjunction with I-ETS 300 176 [10].
The requirements specified apply for nominal conditions unless extreme conditions are stated. Tests at
extreme conditions may include combinations of limit values of extreme temperature and of power supply
variation, defined for each case in I-ETS 300 176 [10].
Nominal and extreme temperature ranges are defined below:
- Nominal temperature: PP, FP, RFP, CCFP + 15 °C to + 35 °C
- Extreme temperature: PP   0 °C to + 40 °C
FP, RFP, CCFP, class E1 + 10 °C to + 40 °C
FP, RFP, CCFP, class E2 - 10 °C to + 55 °C
The environmental class E1 refers to installation in indoor heated and/or cooled areas allowing for
personal comfort, e.g. homes, offices, laboratories or workshops. The environmental class E2 refers to all
other installations.
For nominal temperature, each measurement is made at the temperature of the test site, which shall be
within + 15 °C to + 35 °C. For extreme temperatures, additional measurements are made, at each limit
value of the extreme temperature.
4.1 RF channels (access in frequency)
4.1.1 Nominal position of RF carriers
Ten RF carriers shall be placed into the frequency band 1 880-1 900 MHz with centre frequencies F
C
given by:
Fc = F0 - c x 1,728 MHz
where: F0 = 1897.344 MHz; and
c = 0,1, ., 9.
Above this band, additional carriers are defined with centre frequencies Fc given by:
Fc = F9 + c x 1,728 MHz
and c ≥ 10 and RF band = 00001 (See ETS 300 175-3 [2], subclause 7.2.3.3.1).

Page 13
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
The frequency band between Fc - 1,728/2 MHz and Fc + 1,728/2 MHz shall be designated RF channel c.
NOTE: A nominal DECT RF carrier is one whose centre frequency is generated by the
formula:
Fg = F0 - g x 1,728 MHz ,
where g is any integer.
All DECT equipment shall be capable of working on all 10 RF channels, c= 0,1, ., 9.
4.1.2 Accuracy and stability of RF carriers
At an RFP the transmitted RF carrier frequency corresponding to RF channel c shall be in the range
Fc ± 50 kHz at extreme conditions.
At a PP the centre frequency accuracy shall be within ± 50 kHz at extreme conditions either relative to an
absolute frequency reference or relative to the received carrier, except that during the first 1 s after the
transition from the idle-locked state to the active-locked state the centre frequency accuracy shall be
within ± 100 kHz at extreme conditions relative to the received carrier.
NOTE: The above state transition is defined in ETS 300 175-3 [2].
The maximum rate of change of the centre frequency at both the RFP and the PP while transmitting, shall
not exceed 15 kHz per slot.
4.2 Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) structure (access in time)
4.2.1 Frame, full-slot, double-slot, and half-slot structure
To access the medium in time, a regular TDMA structure is used. The structure repeats in frames of
11 520 bits, and the data is transmitted at a bit rate of 1 152 kbit/s. Within this frame 24 full-slots are
created, each consisting of two half-slots. A double slot has a length of two full slots, and starts
concurrently with an even numbered full slot (see figures 1, 2, and 3).
normal norm al
RFP transmit PP transm it
full full full full full full full full full
slot slot slot slot slot slot slot slot slot
23 0 1 2 11 12 13 23 0
one fram e, 11 520 bits
Figure 1: Full slot format
Full-slots are numbered from K = 0 to 23, and half-slots are numbered L = 0 or 1, where half-slot 0 occurs
earlier than half-slot 1. Normally full-slots K = 0 to 11 are used in the RFP to PP direction, while full slots
K = 12 to 23 are normally used in the PP to RFP direction. Double slots are numbered K = 0 to 22 for even
values of K.
Each full-slot has a duration of 480 bit intervals. Bit intervals within a full-slot are denoted f0 to f479 where
interval f0 occurs earlier than interval f1. Each half-slot has a duration of 240 bit intervals. Half-slots
commence at f0 or f240 (see figure 2).

Page 14
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
480 bits
full-slot (K-1) full-slot (K) full-slot (K+1)
half-slot half-slot half-slot half-slot
L=1 L=0 L=1 L=0
240 bits 240 bits
f0
f240 f479
Figure 2: Half-slot format
Each double slot has a duration of 960 bit intervals. Bit intervals within a double slot are denoted f0 to
f959. Bits f0 to f479 coincide with the same notation for full slots with even K, K(e).
960 bits
double-slot (K(e)-2) double-slot (K(e)) double-slot (K(e)+2)
fu ll-slo t fu ll-slo t fu ll-slo t full-slo t
K(e)-1 K(e) K(e)+ 1 K(e)+2
480 bits 480 bits
f0
f479 f959
Figure 3: Double slot format
NOTE: Each radio end point has its own timing of the TDMA structure due to propagation
delay and non-synchronized systems.
4.2.2 Reference timer accuracy and stability
The reference timer of a RFP or a PP is a notional clock to which the timing parameters of the TDMA
framing are related.
A PP shall have its reference timer stability and accuracy better than 25 ppm at extreme conditions.
RFPs that can work with more than one duplex pair of physical channels per frame are known as multi-
channel RFPs. Single channel RFPs can only work with one duplex pair of physical channels per frame
(excluding handover situations).
A multi channel RFP shall have its reference timer stability and accuracy better than 5 ppm and better
than 10 ppm at extreme conditions.
A single channel RFP shall have reference timer stability and accuracy better than 10 ppm at extreme
conditions.
4.2.3 RFP transmission jitter
The nominal time when a packet should occur at the RFP antenna is (by this definition) synchronous to
the RFP reference timer.
The jitter of a RFP packet transmission in a slot refers to the occurrence at the antenna of the start of bit
p0 of that packet. The jitter is defined in relation to the reference timer of that RFP.
The jitter of a packet transmission shall be less than ± 1 μs at extreme conditions.
The jitter between p0 and every other bit in a packet shall be within ± 0,1 μs.
NOTE: 0,1 μs corresponds to 250 ppm.

Page 15
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
4.2.4 PP reference timer synchronization
A PP shall take its reference timer parameters, including half-slot, full-slot, frame, multi-frame and receiver
scan (see synchronization, ETS 300 175-3 [2]) from any channel of any of the RFPs that it is locked to.
It is allowed (but not required) to have more than one PP reference timer.
The reference timer used for a PP transmission to a RFP shall be synchronized to packets (see
subclause 4.4) received from that RFP or from a RFP to which handover (see subclause 4.2.5) is allowed.
This reference timer for packet transmission timing is nominally (by this definition) synchronized to the
time when the last packet used for synchronization occurred at the PP antenna.
When a PP transmits a packet, the start of transmission of bit p0 of the packet shall occur at the PP
antenna ± 2 μs at extreme conditions from the nominal transmission time as given by an ideal PP
reference timer with 0 ppm accuracy. An exception is allowed for a dummy bearer change request packet
transmission (see ETS 300 175-3 [2], subclause 7.2.5.6), when the nominal transmission time shall be
given by the actual PP reference timer.
NOTE: The reason for the exception is that a residential PP may need to send the dummy
bearer change request after a sudden slot theft in the idle locked mode. In this case
the last synchronization of the reference timer can be more than 16 frame old. For all
other packet transmissions, including bearer set up, the synchronization is normally
less than one frame old.
The jitter between p0 and every other bit in a packet shall be within ± 0,1 μs.
Connections to different RFPs are allowed (but not required) to have different reference timers.
4.2.5 System synchronization
RFPs on the same FP shall be in half-slot, full-slot and frame synchronism. If handover is provided (see
ETS 300 175-3 [2] and ETS 300 175-4 [3]), receiver scan and multiframe synchronism is also required.
The difference between reference timers of RFPs of the same FP shall be less than 4 μs if handover is
provided between these RFPs.
NOTE 1: Related to its reference timer, the PP or RFP synchronization window (see
ETS 300 175-3 [2]) should be at least ± 14 bits, when expecting a first reception and if
intracell handover is provided, else ± 4 bits.
NOTE 2: The case "handover" covers the general cases when a PP has physical channels to
more than one RFP.
4.2.6 Inter-system synchronization
Synchronization between FPs can be provided via an optional synchronization port (see annex C).
NOTE: RFPs of synchronized FPs should have geographically unique Fixed Part MAC
Identities (FMIDs) (see ETS 300 175-6 [5]).
4.2.7 Reference timer adjustment for synchronization
To obtain system and inter-system synchronization, a RFP or PP may alter the length of a single frame by
any amount, or, it may alter the length of successive frames by up to 2 bits.
NOTE 1: Framelength alterations should be performed in accordance to the reference timer
stability and accuracy requirements for RFPs and PPs as specified in subclause 4.2.2.
NOTE 2: If the timing of RFPs is adjusted outside the specification of subclause 4.2.2 then PPs
are not expected to remain in the IDLE_LOCKED state. Therefore such timing
adjustments should be made as infrequently as possible by RFP reference timers.

Page 16
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
4.3 Cells (access in space)
The third dimension to divide spectrum space is the geographical volume. Propagation losses may allow
time-frequency combinations to be reused in different places.
4.4 Physical packets
Data is transmitted within the frequency, time, and space dimensions using physical packets. Physical
packets shall be of one of the following types:
- short physical packet P00;
- basic physical packet P32;
- low capacity physical packet P08j;
- high capacity physical packet P80.
All RFPs shall be capable of transmitting, and all PPs shall be capable of receiving, short physical packets
P00. All radio end points shall be capable of transmitting and receiving at least one of the physical packet
types P32, P08j, or P80.
Each physical packet contains a synchronization field S and a data field D. The packets P80, P32 and
P08j may contain an optional collision detection field, Z.
4.4.1 The short physical packet P00
The short physical packet P00 consists of 96 data bits, used for dummy bearer and short slot
connectionless data, transmitted by a RFP.
The data bits are denoted p0 to p95 where p0 occurs earlier than p1. When the packet is transmitted, the
beginning of bit p0 coincides with the beginning of bit interval f0 of the full-slot being used (see figure 4).
full-slot K
f47 9
f0
p95
p0
packet P00
Figure 4: Short packet P00
Page 17
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
4.4.2 The basic physical packet P32
The basic physical packet P32, used in the most common types of connection (e.g. telephony), consists of
420 or 424 data bits.
The data bits are denoted p0 to p423 where p0 occurs earlier than p1. When the packet is transmitted, the
beginning of bit p0 coincides with the beginning of bit interval f0 of the full-slot being used (see figure 5).
full-slot K
f479
f0
p0 p419 p423
packet P32
Figure 5: Basic packet P32
4.4.3 The low capacity physical packet P08j
The low capacity physical packet P08j consists of 180+j or 184+j data bits.
The data bits are denoted p0 to p(183+j) where p0 occurs earlier than p1. Depending on the half-slot in
use, the beginning of bit p0 coincides either with the beginning of bit interval f0 or the beginning of bit
interval f240 of the full-slot being used (see figure 6).
fu ll-slot K
half-slot L=0 half-slot L=1
f240 f479
f0
p0 p179 p183 p0 p179 p183
packet P08j (j=0)
packet P08j (j=0)
Figure 6: Low capacity packet P08j for j=0.
NOTE: Values of j, other than 0, are subject to future standardization.

Page 18
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
4.4.4 The high capacity physical packet P80
The high capacity physical packet P80 consists of 900 or 904 data bits.
The data bits are denoted p0 to p903 where p0 occurs earlier than p1. When the packet is transmitted, the
beginning of bit p0 coincides with the beginning of bit interval f0 of the double-slot. Only even slot numbers
K are defined (see figures 3 and 7).
double-slot K
f959
f0
p0 p899 p903
packet P80
Figure 7: High capacity packet P80
4.5 Physical channels
Physical channels shall be created by transmitting modulated physical packets as described in clause 5
on a particular RF channel, during a particular time in successive frames, at a particular location. Physical
channels shall be set up between a PP and a RFP.
One physical channel can provide a connectionless, simplex service, and a pair of physical channels can
provide a duplex speech call.
4.5.1 Ra(K, L, M, N) notation
Physical channels shall be denoted as Ra(K,L,M,N). The parameters are:
a = 00 physical packet P00 in use;
a = 32 physical packet P32 in use;
a = 08j physical packet P08j in use;
a = 80 physical packet P80 in use;
K = {0,.,23} the number of the full-slot in which transmission of the packet starts;
L = 0 packet transmission starts at bit interval f0;
L = 1 packet transmission starts at bit interval f240;
M = {0,.,9} the number of the RF channel used to transmit the physical packet;
N the number, Radio fixed Part Number (RPN) (= N), of the radio fixed part using
the physical channel. This parameter depends on the individual system and may
be meaningless in many cases. It is, however, particularly helpful in describing
handover algorithms;
s=0 normal preamble synchronization field;
s=16 prolonged preamble synchronization field;
z=0 no Z field;
z=1 Z field available.
Page 19
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
NOTE: Prolonged preamble is defined in annex D. If a system employs prolonged preamble
physical packets P00, P32, P08j and P80 will start at bit p-16. Figures 8, 9, 10 & 11 are
drawn for normal preamble.
4.5.2 The short physical channel R00(K,L,M,N)
The short physical channel, given in figure 8, shall be created by transmitting a physical packet P00 during
full-slot K on carrier M in cell N, where:
0 K 23,
L = 0,
0 M 9, and
N is arbitrary.
s = 0/16,
z = 0/1.
Packet P00 shall only be transmitted on full-slot boundaries.
full-slot K
f47 9
f0
R00(K,L,M ,N)
R F carrier "M "
p95
p0
packet P00
Figure 8: Short physical channel R00
4.5.3 The basic physical channel R32(K,L,M,N)
The basic physical channel, given in figure 9, shall be created by transmitting a physical packet P32 during
full-slot K on carrier M in cell N, where:
0 K 23,
L = 0,
0 M 9, and
N is arbitrary.
s = 0/16,
z = 0/1.
Packet P32 shall only be transmitted on full-slot boundaries.
full-slot K
f479
f0
R32(K,L,M ,N)
R F carrier "M "
p0 p419 p423
packet P32
Figure 9: Basic physical channel R32

Page 20
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
4.5.4 The low-rate physical channel R08j(K,L,M,N)
The low rate physical channel, given in figure 10, shall be created by transmitting a physical packet P08j
during the first or second half-slot of full-slot K on carrier M in cell N, where:
0 K 23,
L = {0,1},
0 M 9, and
N is arbitrary.
s = 0/16,
z = 0/1.
fu ll-slot K
half-slot L=0 half-slot L=1
f240 f479
f0
R 08j(K ,L ,M ,N ) R 08 j(K ,L,M ,N )
RF carrier "M " RF carrier "M "
p0 p179 p183 p0 p179 p183
packet P08j (j=0)
packet P08j (j=0)
Figure 10: Low rate physical channel R08j for j = 0.
NOTE: Values of j, other than 0, are subject to future standardization.
4.5.5 The high capacity physical channel R80(K,L,M,N)
The high capacity physical channel, given in figure 11, shall be created by transmitting a physical packet
P80 during double-slot K on carrier M in cell N, where:
0 K 22 and K is an even number,
L = 0,
0 M 9, and
N is arbitrary.
s = 0/16,
z = 0/1.
Packet P80 shall only be transmitted on boundaries of a full slot with an even value of K.
double-slot K
f959
f0
R80(K,L,M ,N)
R F carrier "M "
p0 p899 p903
packet P80
Figure 11: High capacity physical channel R80

Page 21
ETS 300 175-2: September 1996
4.6 Synchronization field S
The synchronization field S may be used by the receiver for clock and packet synchronization of the radio
link. The first 16 bits are a preamble, and the last 16 bits are the packet synchronization word.
The field contains 32 bits denoted s0 to s31 and is transmitted in bits p0 to p31. Starting with s0, the
synchronization bits are defined as follows:
RFP transmissions:
1010 1010 1010 1010   1110 1001 1000 1010 (binary)
s05 s15 s16 s31
PP transmissions:
0101 0101 0101 0101   0001 0110 0111 0101 (binary)
s0 s15 s16 s31
The two bit sequences s0 - s31 are the inverse of each other.
Annex D outlines an optional prolonged preamble field which extends the preamble bit pattern by 16 bits.
This prolonged preamble field may be used by a receiver for implementation of an antenna selection
diversity algorithm.
4.7 D-field
4.7.1 Physical packet P00
The D-fi
...