ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02)
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radio Frequency Identification Equipment operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W; Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Radio Frequency Identification Equipment operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W; Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement
REN/ERM-TG34-005-1
Elektromagnetna združljivost in zadeve v zvezi z radijskim spektrom (ERM) - Oprema za radiofrekvenčno identifikacijo (RFID), ki deluje v pasu od 865 MHz do 868 MHz z močnostnimi nivoji do 2 W - 1. del: Tehnične zahteve in merilne metode
Pričujoči dokument zajema minimalne zahtevane lastnosti za najboljšo izrabo razpoložljivih frekvenc. Ni nujno, da vključuje vse značilnosti, potrebne za uporabnika, niti ni nujno, da predstavlja dosegljive optimalne zmogljivosti.
Proizvodi za radiofrekvenčno identifikacijo, zajeti v pričujočem dokumentu, se po definiciji štejejo za naprave kratkega dosega. Za to opremo so določene omejitve moči do največ e.r.p. 2 W v frekvenčen razponu od 865 MHz do 868 MHz. Pričujoči dokument velja za RFID izpraševalce in oznake, ki skupaj delujejo kot sistem. Izpraševalci oddajajo na štirih določenih 200 kHz kanalih, vsak od njih pa uporablja modulirano nosilno frekvenco. Oznake odgovorijo z moduliranim signalom, po možnosti po sosednjih kanalih nizke moči. Izpraševalci se lahko uporabijo z vgrajenimi ali zunanjimi antenami. Zahteve po elektromagnetni združljivosti (EMC) so zajete v EN 301 489-1 [i.1] in EN 301 489-3 [i.2]. Tipi opreme, ki jo pričujoči dokument zajema, so:
- stalni izpraševalci;
- prenosni izpraševalci;
- oznake brez baterij;
- oznake, ki jim pomagajo baterije;
- oznake, ki jim poganjajo baterije.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
Draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-07)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Radio Frequency Identification Equipment operating in the
band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W;
Part 1: Technical requirements and
methods of measurement
2 Draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-07)
Reference
REN/ERM-TG34-005-1
Keywords
ID, radio, short range, terrestrial
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2009.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered
for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
3 Draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-07)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 References . 8
2.1 Normative references . 8
2.2 Informative references . 9
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Technical requirement specifications . 11
4.1 General requirements . 11
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 11
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing . 12
4.2.2 Operational frequency ranges . 12
4.2.2.1 Choice of frequencies . 12
4.2.2.2 Channel range . 12
4.2.2.3 Testing of operational frequencies . 12
4.2.3 Number of samples for testing . 13
4.2.4 Test mode. 13
4.2.5 Testing of equipment with alternative power levels . 13
4.2.6 Testing of equipment that does not have an external 50 Ω RF connector (integral antenna
equipment) . 13
4.2.6.1 Equipment with an internal permanent or temporary antenna connector . 13
4.2.6.2 Equipment with a temporary antenna connector . 14
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design . 14
4.3.1 General . 14
4.3.2 Controls . 14
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility . 14
4.3.4 CE Marking . 14
4.4 Declarations by the provider . 14
4.5 Auxiliary test equipment . 14
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 15
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 15
5.2 Test power sources . 15
5.2.1 External test power source . 15
5.2.2 Internal test power source . 15
5.3 Normal test conditions . 15
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 15
5.3.2 Normal test power source . 16
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 16
5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources . 16
5.3.2.3 Other power sources . 16
5.4 Extreme test conditions . 16
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 16
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 16
5.4.1.1.1 Procedure for equipment designed for continuous operation . 16
5.4.1.1.2 Procedure for equipment designed for intermittent operation . 16
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 17
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 17
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 17
5.4.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources and gel-cell battery power sources . 17
5.4.2.3 Power sources using other types of batteries . 17
ETSI
4 Draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-07)
5.4.2.4 Other power sources . 18
6 General conditions . 18
6.1 Normal test signals and test modulation . 18
6.1.1 Normal test signals for data . 18
6.2 Artificial antenna . 18
6.3 Test fixture . 18
6.4 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements . 19
6.5 Modes of operation of the transmitter . 19
6.6 Measuring receiver . 19
7 Measurement uncertainty . 19
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 20
8.1 Frequency error for mains operated equipment . 20
8.1.1 Definition . 20
8.1.2 Method of measurement of frequency error. 20
8.1.3 Limits . 20
8.2 Frequency stability under low voltage conditions . 20
8.2.1 Definition . 21
8.2.2 Method of measurement . 21
8.2.3 Limits . 21
8.3 Radiated power (e.r.p.) . 21
8.3.1 Definition . 21
8.3.2 Method of measurement . 21
8.3.2.1 Radiated measurement . 22
8.3.2.2 Conducted measurement . 23
8.3.3 Limits . 23
8.4 Transmitter spectrum mask . 23
8.4.1 Definition . 23
8.4.2 Method of measurement . 24
8.4.3 Limits . 25
8.5 Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain. 25
8.5.1 Definition . 25
8.5.2 Method of measurement . 25
8.5.2.1 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load, clause 8.5.2, a) i). 26
8.5.2.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 8.5.2, a) ii). 26
8.5.2.3 Method of measuring effective radiated power, clause 8.5.2, b) . 27
8.5.3 Limits . 27
8.6 Transmission times . 27
8.6.1 Definition . 27
8.6.2 Method of measurement . 28
8.6.3 Limits . 28
9 Receiver parameters . 29
9.1 Co-channel rejection. 29
9.1.1 Definition . 29
9.1.2 Method of measurement . 29
9.1.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals. 29
9.1.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter . 30
9.1.3 Limits . 30
9.2 Adjacent channel selectivity . 30
9.2.1 Definition . 30
9.2.2 Method of measurement . 30
9.2.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals. 31
9.2.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter . 31
9.2.3 Limits . 32
9.3 Blocking or desensitization . 32
9.3.1 Definition . 32
9.3.2 Method of measurement . 32
9.3.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals. 32
9.3.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter . 33
9.3.3 Limits . 33
ETSI
5 Draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-07)
9.4 Spurious emissions . 33
9.4.1 Definition . 33
9.4.2 Method of measurement . 34
9.4.2.1 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load, clause 9.4.2, a) i). 34
9.4.2.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 9.4.2, a) ii). 34
9.4.2.3 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 9.4.2, b) . 35
9.4.3 Limits . 35
10 Limits and methods of measurement for tag emissions . 35
10.1 Radiated power (e.r.p.) . 35
10.1.1 Definition . 35
10.1.2 Method of measurement . 35
10.1.2.1 Method of measuring the power in an un-modulated sub-carrier, clause 10.1.2, a) . 36
10.1.2.2 Method of measuring the power in a modulated sub-carrier, clause 10.1.2, b) . 37
10.1.3 Limits . 38
10.2 Unwanted emissions . 38
10.2.1 Definition . 38
10.2.2 Method of measurement . 38
10.2.3 Limits . 39
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurement . 40
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 40
A.1.1 Anechoic chamber . 40
A.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane . 41
A.1.3 Open Area Test Site (OATS) . 42
A.1.4 Test antenna . 43
A.1.5 Substitution antenna . 44
A.1.6 Measuring antenna . 44
A.1.7 Stripline arrangement . 44
A.1.7.1 General . 44
A.1.7.2 Description . 44
A.1.7.3 Calibration . 44
A.1.7.4 Mode of use . 44
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 45
A.2.1 Verification of the test site . 45
A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT . 45
A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT . 45
A.2.4 Range length . 45
A.2.5 Site preparation . 46
A.3 Coupling of signals . 47
A.3.1 General . 47
A.3.2 Data signals . 47
A.4 Standard test position . 47
A.5 Test fixture . 48
A.5.1 Description . 48
A.5.2 Calibration . 48
A.5.3 Mode of use . 49
Annex B (normative): Listen Before Talk (LBT) . 50
B.1 General performance criteria . 50
B.1.1 Void . 50
B.1.2 Receiver functional specification . 50
B.1.2.1 Listen mode . 50
B.1.2.2 Talk mode . 50
B.1.3 Scan mode . 50
B.2 Receiver threshold in listen mode . 51
B.2.1 Definition . 51
B.2.2 Method of measurement . 51
ETSI
6 Draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-07)
B.2.3 Limits . 52
B.3 Blocking or desensitization in listen mode . 52
B.3.1 Definition . 52
B.3.2 Method of measurement . 53
B.3.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals . 53
B.3.2.2 Conducted method of measurement . 54
B.3.3 Limits . 55
Annex C (informative): Bibliography . 56
History . 57
ETSI
7 Draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-07)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the Public Enquiry phase
of the ETSI standards Two-step Approval Procedure.
Every EN prepared by ETSI is a voluntary standard. The present document contains technical characteristics and test
methods for the equipment to which it relates. This text should be considered as guidance only and does not make the
present document mandatory.
The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued
under Council Directive 98/34/EC [i.6] (as amended) laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the
field of technical standards and regulations.
Annex A provides normative specifications concerning radiated measurements.
Annex B provides normative specifications on tests to be carried out on interrogators that include the optional feature
called "Listen Before Talk".
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Radio Frequency Identification Equipment
operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical requirements and methods of measurement";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of Article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
The present document includes improvements to the previous version of the standard that take advantage of technical
developments within the RFID industry. In particular this includes the ability for multiple interrogators to transmit
simultaneously on the same channel. This provides significant improvements in spectrum efficiency and system
performance. As a consequence "Listen Before Talk" is no longer a requirement.
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa
ETSI
8 Draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-07)
1 Scope
The present document covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of the
available frequencies. It does not necessarily include all the characteristics that may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
Radio frequency identification products covered within the present document are considered by definition short-range
devices. Power limits up to a maximum e.r.p. of 2 W are specified for this equipment in the frequency range 865 MHz
to 868 MHz.
The present document applies to RFID interrogators and tags operating together as a system. The interrogators transmit
in four specified channels of 200 kHz each using a modulated carrier. The tags respond with a modulated signal
preferably in the adjacent low power channels. Interrogators may be used with either integral or external antennas.
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements are covered by EN 301 489-1 [i.1] and EN 301 489-3 [i.2].
The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows:
• fixed interrogators;
• portable interrogators;
• batteryless tags;
• battery assisted tags;
• battery powered tags.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
ETSI
9 Draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-07)
[2] ETSI TR 102 273 (V1.2.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[3] ANSI C63.5-2006: "American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ETSI EN 301 489-1 (V1.7.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services;
Part 1: Common technical requirements".
[i.2] ETSI EN 301 489-3 (V1.4.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services;
Part 3: Specific conditions for Short-Range Devices (SRD) operating on frequencies between
9 kHz and 40 GHz".
[i.3] TCAM (21)36: "Passive RFID tags at the stage of placing on the market and the R&TTE
Directive".
[i.4] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[i.5] IEC 60489-3 Appendix J Second edition (1988): "Methods of measurement for radio equipment
used in the mobile services. Part 3: Receivers for A3E or F3E emissions" (pages 156 to 164).
[i.6] Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998 laying down a
procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations.
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
adaptive frequency agility: technique that allows an interrogator to change its frequency of operation automatically
from one channel to another
assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the emission by a device is authorized
battery assisted tag: transponder that includes a battery to enhance its receive performance and power its internal
circuitry
batteryless tag: transponder that derives all of the power necessary for its operation from the field generated by an
interrogator
battery powered tag: transponder that uses the power from its battery to perform all of its operational functions
conducted measurements: measurements which are made using a direct 50 Ω connection to the equipment under test
dedicated antenna: removable antenna supplied and type tested with the radio equipment, designed as an indispensable
part of the equipment
dense interrogator mode: RFID operating mode in which multiple interrogators can transmit simultaneously in the
same channel while tags respond in the adjacent channels
ETSI
10 Draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-07)
effective radiated power: product of the power supplied to the antenna and its gain relative to a half wave dipole in the
direction of maximum gain
external antenna: antenna that may be connected to an interrogator via its external connector
Full Tests (FT): all tests specified in the present document
global scroll: mode in which an interrogator is able to read the same tag continuously for test purposes only
integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment
interrogator: equipment that will activate an adjacent tag and read its data. It may also enter or modify the information
in a tag
Limited Tests (LT): limited tests (see clauses 4.2.1 to 4.2.2.3 of the present document) are as follows:
• transmitter frequency error and frequency stability under low voltage conditions for mains operated
equipment, see clause 8.1 of the present document;
• transmitter frequency stability under low voltage conditions, see clause 8.2 of the present document;
• transmitter effective radiated power, see clause 8.3 of the present document.
Listen Before Talk (LBT): action taken by an interrogator to detect an unoccupied channel prior to transmitting (also
known as "listen before transmit")
provider: means the manufacturer, or his authorized representative or the person responsible for placing on the market
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
scan mode: specific test mode of an interrogator that detects a signal on a pre-selected channel and transmits
automatically on another channel
NOTE: See clause B.1.3.
tag: transponder that holds data and responds to an interrogation signal
talk mode: transmission of intentional radiation by an interrogator
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
dB decibel
d distance
f frequency measured under normal test conditions
fc centre frequency of carrier transmitted by interrogator
fe the maximum frequency drift as measured in clause 8.1.2 b)
Ω Ohms
λ wavelength
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ANSI American National Standards Institute
BER Bit Error Ratio
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications administrations
e.r.p. effective radiated power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
emf electromotive force
ERC European Radio communication Committee
EUT Equipment Under Test
ETSI
11 Draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-07)
FT Full Tests
LBT Listen Before Talk
LT Limited Tests
OATS Open Area Test Site
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RF Radio Frequency
RFID Radio Frequency IDentification
SRD Short Range Device
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Technical requirement specifications
4.1 General requirements
Interrogators shall transmit on any of the high power channels specified in clause 4.2.2.1 at power levels up to the limit
specified in clause 8.3.3.
An interrogator may transmit a continuous signal on any of the high power channels for a period not exceeding the limit
defined in clause 8.6.3. At the end of the transmission the interrogator shall not transmit again on the same channel for
the period defined in clause 8.6.3. Alternatively the interrogator may switch immediately to any one of the other high
power channels send a further continuous transmission in accordance with the requirements of clause 8.6.3. There is no
limit to the number of times that this process may be repeated.
In a preferred method of operation tags, that are activated by an interrogator transmitting in a high power channel,
respond in the adjacent low power channels. This technique is called the dense interrogator mode. It has the benefit of
separating the frequencies of transmission of the interrogators and tags, allowing multiple interrogators to share the
same channel thereby improving system performance. It also minimizes the generation of inter-modulation products,
which may disrupt the behaviour of tags.
The interrogator shall be so designed as to ensure that its length of transmission is no greater than is necessary to
perform the intended operation. Interrogators shall support trigger techniques that indicate the presence or arrival of
objects that may be tagged. Irrespective of the application, an interrogator shall stop transmitting after it has ceased to
read any further tags, as specified in clause 8.6.3.
Interrogators may also operate in a presence sensing mode in which they periodically transmit to determine whether
tags have entered their interrogation zones. When operating in this mode, interrogators shall restrict the length of each
transmission to less than 1 second and the period between successive transmissions shall be no less than 100 ms. Once
an interrogator has determined the presence of tags, it will commence its reading routine.
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Equipment submitted for testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all frequencies over which it is
intended to operate.
Providers shall select
...
Final draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Radio Frequency Identification Equipment operating in the
band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W;
Part 1: Technical requirements and
methods of measurement
2 Final draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
Reference
REN/ERM-TG34-005-1
Keywords
ID, radio, short range, terrestrial
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2009.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered
for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
3 Final draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 References . 8
2.1 Normative references . 8
2.2 Informative references . 9
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Technical requirement specifications . 11
4.1 General requirements . 11
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 11
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing . 12
4.2.2 Operational frequency ranges . 12
4.2.2.1 Choice of frequencies . 12
4.2.2.2 Channel range . 12
4.2.2.3 Testing of operational frequencies . 12
4.2.3 Number of samples for testing . 13
4.2.4 Test mode. 13
4.2.5 Testing of equipment with alternative power levels . 13
4.2.6 Testing of equipment that does not have an external 50 Ω RF connector (integral antenna
equipment) . 13
4.2.6.1 Equipment with an internal permanent or temporary antenna connector . 13
4.2.6.2 Equipment with a temporary antenna connector . 14
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design . 14
4.3.1 General . 14
4.3.2 Controls . 14
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility . 14
4.3.4 CE Marking . 14
4.4 Declarations by the provider . 14
4.5 Auxiliary test equipment . 14
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 15
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 15
5.2 Test power sources . 15
5.2.1 External test power source . 15
5.2.2 Internal test power source . 15
5.3 Normal test conditions . 15
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 15
5.3.2 Normal test power source . 16
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 16
5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources . 16
5.3.2.3 Other power sources . 16
5.4 Extreme test conditions . 16
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 16
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 16
5.4.1.1.1 Procedure for equipment designed for continuous operation . 16
5.4.1.1.2 Procedure for equipment designed for intermittent operation . 16
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 17
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 17
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 17
5.4.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources and gel-cell battery power sources . 17
5.4.2.3 Power sources using other types of batteries . 17
ETSI
4 Final draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
5.4.2.4 Other power sources . 18
6 General conditions . 18
6.1 Normal test signals and test modulation . 18
6.1.1 Normal test signals for data . 18
6.2 Artificial antenna . 18
6.3 Test fixture . 18
6.4 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements . 19
6.5 Modes of operation of the transmitter . 19
6.6 Measuring receiver . 19
7 Measurement uncertainty . 19
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 20
8.1 Frequency error for mains operated equipment . 20
8.1.1 Definition . 20
8.1.2 Method of measurement of frequency error. 20
8.1.3 Limits . 20
8.2 Frequency stability under low voltage conditions . 20
8.2.1 Definition . 21
8.2.2 Method of measurement . 21
8.2.3 Limits . 21
8.3 Radiated power (e.r.p.) . 21
8.3.1 Definition . 21
8.3.2 Method of measurement . 21
8.3.2.1 Radiated measurement . 22
8.3.2.2 Conducted measurement . 23
8.3.3 Limits . 23
8.4 Transmitter spectrum mask . 23
8.4.1 Definition . 23
8.4.2 Method of measurement . 24
8.4.3 Limits . 25
8.5 Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain. 25
8.5.1 Definition . 25
8.5.2 Method of measurement . 25
8.5.2.1 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load, clause 8.5.2, a) i). 26
8.5.2.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 8.5.2, a) ii). 26
8.5.2.3 Method of measuring effective radiated power, clause 8.5.2, b) . 27
8.5.3 Limits . 27
8.6 Transmission times . 27
8.6.1 Definition . 27
8.6.2 Method of measurement . 28
8.6.3 Limits . 28
9 Receiver parameters . 29
9.1 Co-channel rejection. 29
9.1.1 Definition . 29
9.1.2 Method of measurement . 29
9.1.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals. 29
9.1.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter . 30
9.1.3 Limits . 30
9.2 Adjacent channel selectivity . 30
9.2.1 Definition . 30
9.2.2 Method of measurement . 30
9.2.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals. 31
9.2.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter . 31
9.2.3 Limits . 32
9.3 Blocking or desensitization . 32
9.3.1 Definition . 32
9.3.2 Method of measurement . 32
9.3.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals. 32
9.3.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter . 33
9.3.3 Limits . 33
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5 Final draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
9.4 Spurious emissions . 33
9.4.1 Definition . 33
9.4.2 Method of measurement . 34
9.4.2.1 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load, clause 9.4.2, a) i). 34
9.4.2.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 9.4.2, a) ii). 34
9.4.2.3 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 9.4.2, b) . 35
9.4.3 Limits . 35
10 Limits and methods of measurement for tag emissions . 35
10.1 Radiated power (e.r.p.) . 35
10.1.1 Definition . 35
10.1.2 Method of measurement . 35
10.1.2.1 Method of measuring the power in an un-modulated sub-carrier, clause 10.1.2, a) . 36
10.1.2.2 Method of measuring the power in a modulated sub-carrier, clause 10.1.2, b) . 37
10.1.3 Limits . 38
10.2 Unwanted emissions . 38
10.2.1 Definition . 38
10.2.2 Method of measurement . 38
10.2.3 Limits . 39
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurement . 40
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 40
A.1.1 Anechoic chamber . 40
A.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane . 41
A.1.3 Open Area Test Site (OATS) . 42
A.1.4 Test antenna . 43
A.1.5 Substitution antenna . 44
A.1.6 Measuring antenna . 44
A.1.7 Stripline arrangement . 44
A.1.7.1 General . 44
A.1.7.2 Description . 44
A.1.7.3 Calibration . 44
A.1.7.4 Mode of use . 44
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 45
A.2.1 Verification of the test site . 45
A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT . 45
A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT . 45
A.2.4 Range length . 45
A.2.5 Site preparation . 46
A.3 Coupling of signals . 47
A.3.1 General . 47
A.3.2 Data signals . 47
A.4 Standard test position . 47
A.5 Test fixture . 48
A.5.1 Description . 48
A.5.2 Calibration . 48
A.5.3 Mode of use . 49
Annex B (normative): Listen Before Talk (LBT) . 50
B.1 General performance criteria . 50
B.1.1 Void . 50
B.1.2 Receiver functional specification . 50
B.1.2.1 Listen mode . 50
B.1.2.2 Talk mode . 50
B.1.3 Scan mode . 50
B.2 Receiver threshold in listen mode . 51
B.2.1 Definition . 51
B.2.2 Method of measurement . 51
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6 Final draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
B.2.3 Limits . 52
B.3 Blocking or desensitization in listen mode . 52
B.3.1 Definition . 52
B.3.2 Method of measurement . 53
B.3.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals . 53
B.3.2.2 Conducted method of measurement . 54
B.3.3 Limits . 55
Annex C (informative): Bibliography . 56
History . 57
ETSI
7 Final draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the Vote phase of the
ETSI standards Two-step Approval Procedure.
Every EN prepared by ETSI is a voluntary standard. The present document contains technical characteristics and test
methods for the equipment to which it relates. This text should be considered as guidance only and does not make the
present document mandatory.
The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued
under Council Directive 98/34/EC [i.6] (as amended) laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the
field of technical standards and regulations.
Annex A provides normative specifications concerning radiated measurements.
Annex B provides normative specifications on tests to be carried out on interrogators that include the optional feature
called "Listen Before Talk".
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Radio Frequency Identification Equipment
operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical requirements and methods of measurement";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
The present document includes improvements to the previous version of the standard that take advantage of technical
developments within the RFID industry. In particular this includes the ability for multiple interrogators to transmit
simultaneously on the same channel. This provides significant improvements in spectrum efficiency and system
performance. As a consequence "Listen Before Talk" is no longer a requirement.
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 6 months after doa
ETSI
8 Final draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
1 Scope
The present document covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of the
available frequencies. It does not necessarily include all the characteristics that may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
Radio frequency identification products covered within the present document are considered by definition short-range
devices. Power limits up to a maximum e.r.p. of 2 W are specified for this equipment in the frequency range 865 MHz
to 868 MHz.
The present document applies to RFID interrogators and tags operating together as a system. The interrogators transmit
in four specified channels of 200 kHz each using a modulated carrier. The tags respond with a modulated signal
preferably in the adjacent low power channels. Interrogators may be used with either integral or external antennas.
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements are covered by EN 301 489-1 [i.1] and EN 301 489-3 [i.2].
The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows:
• fixed interrogators;
• portable interrogators;
• batteryless tags;
• battery assisted tags;
• battery powered tags.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
ETSI
9 Final draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
[2] ETSI TR 102 273 (V1.2.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[3] ANSI C63.5-2006: "American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ETSI EN 301 489-1 (V1.8.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services;
Part 1: Common technical requirements".
[i.2] ETSI EN 301 489-3 (V1.4.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 3: Specific
conditions for Short-Range Devices (SRD) operating on frequencies between 9 kHz and 40 GHz".
[i.3] TCAM (21)36: "Passive RFID tags at the stage of placing on the market and the R&TTE
Directive".
[i.4] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[i.5] IEC 60489-3 Appendix J Second edition (1988): "Methods of measurement for radio equipment
used in the mobile services. Part 3: Receivers for A3E or F3E emissions" (pages 156 to 164).
[i.6] Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998 laying down a
procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations.
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
adaptive frequency agility: technique that allows an interrogator to change its frequency of operation automatically
from one channel to another
assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the emission by a device is authorized
battery assisted tag: transponder that includes a battery to enhance its receive performance and power its internal
circuitry
batteryless tag: transponder that derives all of the power necessary for its operation from the field generated by an
interrogator
battery powered tag: transponder that uses the power from its battery to perform all of its operational functions
conducted measurements: measurements which are made using a direct 50 Ω connection to the equipment under test
dedicated antenna: removable antenna supplied and type tested with the radio equipment, designed as an indispensable
part of the equipment
dense interrogator mode: RFID operating mode in which multiple interrogators can transmit simultaneously in the
same channel while tags respond in the adjacent channels
ETSI
10 Final draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
effective radiated power: product of the power supplied to the antenna and its gain relative to a half wave dipole in the
direction of maximum gain
external antenna: antenna that may be connected to an interrogator via its external connector
Full Tests (FT): all tests specified in the present document
global scroll: mode in which an interrogator is able to read the same tag continuously for test purposes only
integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment
interrogator: equipment that will activate an adjacent tag and read its data. It may also enter or modify the information
in a tag
Limited Tests (LT): limited tests (see clauses 4.2.1 to 4.2.2.3 of the present document) are as follows:
• transmitter frequency error and frequency stability under low voltage conditions for mains operated
equipment, see clause 8.1 of the present document;
• transmitter frequency stability under low voltage conditions, see clause 8.2 of the present document;
• transmitter effective radiated power, see clause 8.3 of the present document.
Listen Before Talk (LBT): action taken by an interrogator to detect an unoccupied channel prior to transmitting (also
known as "listen before transmit")
provider: means the manufacturer, or his authorized representative or the person responsible for placing on the market
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
scan mode: specific test mode of an interrogator that detects a signal on a pre-selected channel and transmits
automatically on another channel
NOTE: See clause B.1.3.
tag: transponder that holds data and responds to an interrogation signal
talk mode: transmission of intentional radiation by an interrogator
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
dB decibel
d distance
f frequency measured under normal test conditions
fc centre frequency of carrier transmitted by interrogator
fe the maximum frequency drift as measured in clause 8.1.2 b)
Ω Ohms
λ wavelength
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ANSI American National Standards Institute
BER Bit Error Ratio
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications administrations
e.r.p. effective radiated power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
emf electromotive force
ERC European Radio communication Committee
EUT Equipment Under Test
ETSI
11 Final draft ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2009-12)
FT Full Tests
LBT Listen Before Talk
LT Limited Tests
OATS Open Area Test Site
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RF Radio Frequency
RFID Radio Frequency IDentification
SRD Short Range Device
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Technical requirement specifications
4.1 General requirements
Interrogators shall transmit on any of the high power channels specified in clause 4.2.2.1 at power levels up to the limit
specified in clause 8.3.3.
An interrogator may transmit a continuous signal on any of the high power channels for a period not exceeding the limit
defined in clause 8.6.3. At the end of the transmission the interrogator shall not transmit again on the same channel for
the period defined in clause 8.6.3. Alternatively the interrogator may switch immediately to any one of the other high
power channels send a further continuous transmission in accordance with the requirements of clause 8.6.3. There is no
limit to the number of times that this process may be repeated.
In a preferred method of operation tags, that are activated by an interrogator transmitting in a high power channel,
respond in the adjacent low power channels. This technique is called the dense interrogator mode. It has the benefit of
separating the frequencies of transmission of the interrogators and tags, allowing multiple interrogators to share the
same channel thereby improving system performance. It also minimizes the generation of inter-modulation products,
which may disrupt the behaviour of tags.
The interrogator shall be so designed as to ensure that its length of transmission is no greater than is necessary to
perform the intended operation. Interrogators shall support trigger techniques that indicate the presence or arrival of
objects that may be tagged. Irrespective of the application, an interrogator shall stop transmitting after it has ceased to
read any further tags, as specified in clause 8.6.3.
Interrogators may also operate in a presence sensing mode in which they periodically transmit to determine whether
tags have entered their interrogation zones. When operating in this mode, interrogators shall restrict the length of each
transmission to less than 1 second and the period between successive transmissions shall be no less than 100 ms. Once
an interrogator has determined the presence of tags, it will commence its reading routine.
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Equipment submitted for testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all frequencie
...
European Standard (Telecommunications series)
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Radio Frequency Identification Equipment operating in the
band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W;
Part 1: Technical requirements and
methods of measurement
2 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02)
Reference
REN/ERM-TG34-005-1
Keywords
ID, radio, short range, terrestrial
ETSI
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Copyright Notification
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The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2010.
All rights reserved.
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DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
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3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
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GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 References . 8
2.1 Normative references . 8
2.2 Informative references . 9
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Technical requirement specifications . 11
4.1 General requirements . 11
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 11
4.2.1 Choice of model for testing . 12
4.2.2 Operational frequency ranges . 12
4.2.2.1 Choice of frequencies . 12
4.2.2.2 Channel range . 12
4.2.2.3 Testing of operational frequencies . 12
4.2.3 Number of samples for testing . 13
4.2.4 Test mode. 13
4.2.5 Testing of equipment with alternative power levels . 13
4.2.6 Testing of equipment that does not have an external 50 Ω RF connector (integral antenna
equipment) . 13
4.2.6.1 Equipment with an internal permanent or temporary antenna connector . 13
4.2.6.2 Equipment with a temporary antenna connector . 14
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design . 14
4.3.1 General . 14
4.3.2 Controls . 14
4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility . 14
4.3.4 CE Marking . 14
4.4 Declarations by the provider . 14
4.5 Auxiliary test equipment . 14
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 15
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 15
5.2 Test power sources . 15
5.2.1 External test power source . 15
5.2.2 Internal test power source . 15
5.3 Normal test conditions . 15
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 15
5.3.2 Normal test power source . 16
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 16
5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources . 16
5.3.2.3 Other power sources . 16
5.4 Extreme test conditions . 16
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 16
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 16
5.4.1.1.1 Procedure for equipment designed for continuous operation . 16
5.4.1.1.2 Procedure for equipment designed for intermittent operation . 16
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 17
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 17
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 17
5.4.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources and gel-cell battery power sources . 17
5.4.2.3 Power sources using other types of batteries . 17
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02)
5.4.2.4 Other power sources . 18
6 General conditions . 18
6.1 Normal test signals and test modulation . 18
6.1.1 Normal test signals for data . 18
6.2 Artificial antenna . 18
6.3 Test fixture . 18
6.4 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements . 19
6.5 Modes of operation of the transmitter . 19
6.6 Measuring receiver . 19
7 Measurement uncertainty . 19
8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 20
8.1 Frequency error for mains operated equipment . 20
8.1.1 Definition . 20
8.1.2 Method of measurement of frequency error. 20
8.1.3 Limits . 20
8.2 Frequency stability under low voltage conditions . 20
8.2.1 Definition . 21
8.2.2 Method of measurement . 21
8.2.3 Limits . 21
8.3 Radiated power (e.r.p.) . 21
8.3.1 Definition . 21
8.3.2 Method of measurement . 21
8.3.2.1 Radiated measurement . 22
8.3.2.2 Conducted measurement . 23
8.3.3 Limits . 23
8.4 Transmitter spectrum mask . 23
8.4.1 Definition . 23
8.4.2 Method of measurement . 24
8.4.3 Limits . 25
8.5 Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain. 25
8.5.1 Definition . 25
8.5.2 Method of measurement . 25
8.5.2.1 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load, clause 8.5.2, a) i). 26
8.5.2.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 8.5.2, a) ii). 26
8.5.2.3 Method of measuring effective radiated power, clause 8.5.2, b) . 27
8.5.3 Limits . 27
8.6 Transmission times . 27
8.6.1 Definition . 27
8.6.2 Method of measurement . 28
8.6.3 Limits . 28
9 Receiver parameters . 29
9.1 Co-channel rejection. 29
9.1.1 Definition . 29
9.1.2 Method of measurement . 29
9.1.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals. 29
9.1.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter . 30
9.1.3 Limits . 30
9.2 Adjacent channel selectivity . 30
9.2.1 Definition . 30
9.2.2 Method of measurement . 30
9.2.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals. 31
9.2.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter . 31
9.2.3 Limits . 32
9.3 Blocking or desensitization . 32
9.3.1 Definition . 32
9.3.2 Method of measurement . 32
9.3.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals. 32
9.3.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter . 33
9.3.3 Limits . 33
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5 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02)
9.4 Spurious emissions . 33
9.4.1 Definition . 33
9.4.2 Method of measurement . 34
9.4.2.1 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load, clause 9.4.2, a) i). 34
9.4.2.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 9.4.2, a) ii). 34
9.4.2.3 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 9.4.2, b) . 35
9.4.3 Limits . 35
10 Limits and methods of measurement for tag emissions . 35
10.1 Radiated power (e.r.p.) . 35
10.1.1 Definition . 35
10.1.2 Method of measurement . 35
10.1.2.1 Method of measuring the power in an un-modulated sub-carrier, clause 10.1.2, a) . 36
10.1.2.2 Method of measuring the power in a modulated sub-carrier, clause 10.1.2, b) . 37
10.1.3 Limits . 38
10.2 Unwanted emissions . 38
10.2.1 Definition . 38
10.2.2 Method of measurement . 38
10.2.3 Limits . 39
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurement . 40
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 40
A.1.1 Anechoic chamber . 40
A.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane . 41
A.1.3 Open Area Test Site (OATS) . 42
A.1.4 Test antenna . 43
A.1.5 Substitution antenna . 44
A.1.6 Measuring antenna . 44
A.1.7 Stripline arrangement . 44
A.1.7.1 General . 44
A.1.7.2 Description . 44
A.1.7.3 Calibration . 44
A.1.7.4 Mode of use . 44
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 45
A.2.1 Verification of the test site . 45
A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT . 45
A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT . 45
A.2.4 Range length . 45
A.2.5 Site preparation . 46
A.3 Coupling of signals . 47
A.3.1 General . 47
A.3.2 Data signals . 47
A.4 Standard test position . 47
A.5 Test fixture . 48
A.5.1 Description . 48
A.5.2 Calibration . 48
A.5.3 Mode of use . 49
Annex B (normative): Listen Before Talk (LBT) . 50
B.1 General performance criteria . 50
B.1.1 Void . 50
B.1.2 Receiver functional specification . 50
B.1.2.1 Listen mode . 50
B.1.2.2 Talk mode . 50
B.1.3 Scan mode . 50
B.2 Receiver threshold in listen mode . 51
B.2.1 Definition . 51
B.2.2 Method of measurement . 51
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02)
B.2.3 Limits . 52
B.3 Blocking or desensitization in listen mode . 52
B.3.1 Definition . 52
B.3.2 Method of measurement . 53
B.3.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals . 53
B.3.2.2 Conducted method of measurement . 54
B.3.3 Limits . 55
Annex C (informative): Bibliography . 56
History . 57
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
Every EN prepared by ETSI is a voluntary standard. The present document contains technical characteristics and test
methods for the equipment to which it relates. This text should be considered as guidance only and does not make the
present document mandatory.
The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued
under Council Directive 98/34/EC [i.6] (as amended) laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the
field of technical standards and regulations.
Annex A provides normative specifications concerning radiated measurements.
Annex B provides normative specifications on tests to be carried out on interrogators that include the optional feature
called "Listen Before Talk".
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Radio Frequency Identification Equipment
operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical requirements and methods of measurement";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
The present document includes improvements to the previous version of the standard that take advantage of technical
developments within the RFID industry. In particular this includes the ability for multiple interrogators to transmit
simultaneously on the same channel. This provides significant improvements in spectrum efficiency and system
performance. As a consequence "Listen Before Talk" is no longer a requirement.
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 8 February 2010
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 May 2010
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 30 November 2010
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 November 2010
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02)
1 Scope
The present document covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of the
available frequencies. It does not necessarily include all the characteristics that may be required by a user, nor does it
necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable.
Radio frequency identification products covered within the present document are considered by definition short-range
devices. Power limits up to a maximum e.r.p. of 2 W are specified for this equipment in the frequency range 865 MHz
to 868 MHz.
The present document applies to RFID interrogators and tags operating together as a system. The interrogators transmit
in four specified channels of 200 kHz each using a modulated carrier. The tags respond with a modulated signal
preferably in the adjacent low power channels. Interrogators may be used with either integral or external antennas.
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements are covered by EN 301 489-1 [i.1] and EN 301 489-3 [i.2].
The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows:
• fixed interrogators;
• portable interrogators;
• batteryless tags;
• battery assisted tags;
• battery powered tags.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
[1] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics".
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02)
[2] ETSI TR 102 273 (V1.2.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[3] ANSI C63.5-2006: "American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ETSI EN 301 489-1 (V1.8.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services;
Part 1: Common technical requirements".
[i.2] ETSI EN 301 489-3 (V1.4.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 3: Specific
conditions for Short-Range Devices (SRD) operating on frequencies between 9 kHz and 40 GHz".
[i.3] TCAM (21)36: "Passive RFID tags at the stage of placing on the market and the R&TTE
Directive".
[i.4] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity (R&TTE Directive).
[i.5] IEC 60489-3 Appendix J Second edition (1988): "Methods of measurement for radio equipment
used in the mobile services. Part 3: Receivers for A3E or F3E emissions" (pages 156 to 164).
[i.6] Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998 laying down a
procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations.
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
adaptive frequency agility: technique that allows an interrogator to change its frequency of operation automatically
from one channel to another
assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the emission by a device is authorized
battery assisted tag: transponder that includes a battery to enhance its receive performance and power its internal
circuitry
batteryless tag: transponder that derives all of the power necessary for its operation from the field generated by an
interrogator
battery powered tag: transponder that uses the power from its battery to perform all of its operational functions
conducted measurements: measurements which are made using a direct 50 Ω connection to the equipment under test
dedicated antenna: removable antenna supplied and type tested with the radio equipment, designed as an indispensable
part of the equipment
dense interrogator mode: RFID operating mode in which multiple interrogators can transmit simultaneously in the
same channel while tags respond in the adjacent channels
ETSI
10 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02)
effective radiated power: product of the power supplied to the antenna and its gain relative to a half wave dipole in the
direction of maximum gain
external antenna: antenna that may be connected to an interrogator via its external connector
Full Tests (FT): all tests specified in the present document
global scroll: mode in which an interrogator is able to read the same tag continuously for test purposes only
integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment
interrogator: equipment that will activate an adjacent tag and read its data. It may also enter or modify the information
in a tag
Limited Tests (LT): limited tests (see clauses 4.2.1 to 4.2.2.3 of the present document) are as follows:
• transmitter frequency error and frequency stability under low voltage conditions for mains operated
equipment, see clause 8.1 of the present document;
• transmitter frequency stability under low voltage conditions, see clause 8.2 of the present document;
• transmitter effective radiated power, see clause 8.3 of the present document.
Listen Before Talk (LBT): action taken by an interrogator to detect an unoccupied channel prior to transmitting (also
known as "listen before transmit")
provider: means the manufacturer, or his authorized representative or the person responsible for placing on the market
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
scan mode: specific test mode of an interrogator that detects a signal on a pre-selected channel and transmits
automatically on another channel
NOTE: See clause B.1.3.
tag: transponder that holds data and responds to an interrogation signal
talk mode: transmission of intentional radiation by an interrogator
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
dB decibel
d distance
f frequency measured under normal test conditions
fc centre frequency of carrier transmitted by interrogator
fe the maximum frequency drift as measured in clause 8.1.2 b)
Ω Ohms
λ wavelength
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ANSI American National Standards Institute
BER Bit Error Ratio
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications administrations
e.r.p. effective radiated power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
emf electromotive force
ERC European Radio communication Committee
EUT Equipment Under Test
ETSI
11 ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02)
FT Full Tests
LBT Listen Before Talk
LT Limited Tests
OATS Open Area Test Site
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RF Radio Frequency
RFID Radio Frequency IDentification
SRD Short Range Device
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
4 Technical requirement specifications
4.1 General requirements
Interrogators shall transmit on any of the high power channels specified in clause 4.2.2.1 at power levels up to the limit
specified in clause 8.3.3.
An interrogator may transmit a continuous signal on any of the high power channels for a period not exceeding the limit
defined in clause 8.6.3. At the end of the transmission the interrogator shall not transmit again on the same channel for
the period defined in clause 8.6.3. Alternatively the interrogator may switch immediately to any one of the other high
power channels send a further continuous transmission in accordance with the requirements of clause 8.6.3. There is no
limit to the number of times that this process may be repeated.
In a preferred method of operation tags, that are activated by an interrogator transmitting in a high power channel,
respond in the adjacent low power channels. This technique is called the dense interrogator mode. It has the benefit of
separating the frequencies of transmission of the interrogators and tags, allowing multiple interrogators to share the
same channel thereby improving system performance. It also minimizes the generation of inter-modulation products,
which may disrupt the behaviour of tags.
The interrogator shall be so designed as to ensure that its length of transmission is no greater than is necessary to
perform the intended operation. Interrogators shall support trigger techniques that indicate the presence or arrival of
objects that may be tagged. Irrespective of the application, an interrogator shall stop transmitting after it has ceased to
read any further tags, as specified in clause 8.6.3.
Interrogators may also operate in a presence sensing mode in which they periodically transmit to determine whether
tags have entered their interrogation zones. When operating in this mode, interrogators shall restrict the length of each
transmission to less than 1 second and the period between successive transmissions shall be no less than 100 ms. Once
an interrogator has determined the presence of tags, it will commence its reading routine.
4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Equipment submitted for testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all frequencies over which it is
intended to operate.
Providers shall select frequencies of operation in accordance with the channel plan defined in clause 4.2.2.1 and in
accordance with the power levels defined in clause 8.
...
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM) - Radio Frequency Identification Equipment operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W - Part 1: Technical requirements and methods of measurement33.100.01Elektromagnetna združljivost na splošnoElectromagnetic compatibility in general33.060.99Druga oprema za radijske komunikacijeOther equipment for radiocommunicationsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 302 208-1 Version 1.3.1SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1:2010en01-april-2010SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1:2010SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
ETSI ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02) 2
Reference REN/ERM-TG34-005-1 Keywords ID, radio, short range, terrestrial ETSI 650 Route des Lucioles F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00
Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from: http://www.etsi.org The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF). In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat. Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status. Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services: http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2010. All rights reserved.
DECTTM, PLUGTESTSTM, UMTSTM, TIPHONTM, the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members. 3GPPTM is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners. GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association. SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02) 3 Contents Intellectual Property Rights . 7 Foreword . 7 1 Scope . 8 2 References . 8 2.1 Normative references . 8 2.2 Informative references . 9 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9 3.1 Definitions . 9 3.2 Symbols . 10 3.3 Abbreviations . 10 4 Technical requirement specifications . 11 4.1 General requirements . 11 4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes . 11 4.2.1 Choice of model for testing . 12 4.2.2 Operational frequency ranges . 12 4.2.2.1 Choice of frequencies . 12 4.2.2.2 Channel range . 12 4.2.2.3 Testing of operational frequencies . 12 4.2.3 Number of samples for testing . 13 4.2.4 Test mode. 13 4.2.5 Testing of equipment with alternative power levels . 13 4.2.6 Testing of equipment that does not have an external 50 Ω
RF connector (integral antenna equipment) . 13 4.2.6.1 Equipment with an internal permanent or temporary antenna connector . 13 4.2.6.2 Equipment with a temporary antenna connector . 14 4.3 Mechanical and electrical design . 14 4.3.1 General . 14 4.3.2 Controls . 14 4.3.3 Transmitter shut-off facility . 14 4.3.4 CE Marking . 14 4.4 Declarations by the provider . 14 4.5 Auxiliary test equipment . 14 5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures . 15 5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions . 15 5.2 Test power sources . 15 5.2.1 External test power source . 15 5.2.2 Internal test power source . 15 5.3 Normal test conditions . 15 5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity . 15 5.3.2 Normal test power source . 16 5.3.2.1 Mains voltage . 16 5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources . 16 5.3.2.3 Other power sources . 16 5.4 Extreme test conditions . 16 5.4.1 Extreme temperatures . 16 5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures . 16 5.4.1.1.1 Procedure for equipment designed for continuous operation . 16 5.4.1.1.2 Procedure for equipment designed for intermittent operation . 16 5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges . 17 5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages . 17 5.4.2.1 Mains voltage . 17 5.4.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power sources and gel-cell battery power sources . 17 5.4.2.3 Power sources using other types of batteries . 17 SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02) 4 5.4.2.4 Other power sources . 18 6 General conditions . 18 6.1 Normal test signals and test modulation . 18 6.1.1 Normal test signals for data . 18 6.2 Artificial antenna . 18 6.3 Test fixture . 18 6.4 Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements . 19 6.5 Modes of operation of the transmitter . 19 6.6 Measuring receiver . 19 7 Measurement uncertainty . 19 8 Methods of measurement and limits for transmitter parameters . 20 8.1 Frequency error for mains operated equipment . 20 8.1.1 Definition . 20 8.1.2 Method of measurement of frequency error. 20 8.1.3 Limits . 20 8.2 Frequency stability under low voltage conditions . 20 8.2.1 Definition . 21 8.2.2 Method of measurement . 21 8.2.3 Limits . 21 8.3 Radiated power (e.r.p.) . 21 8.3.1 Definition . 21 8.3.2 Method of measurement . 21 8.3.2.1 Radiated measurement . 22 8.3.2.2 Conducted measurement . 23 8.3.3 Limits . 23 8.4 Transmitter spectrum mask . 23 8.4.1 Definition . 23 8.4.2 Method of measurement . 24 8.4.3 Limits . 25 8.5 Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain. 25 8.5.1 Definition . 25 8.5.2 Method of measurement . 25 8.5.2.1 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load, clause 8.5.2, a) i). 26 8.5.2.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 8.5.2, a) ii). 26 8.5.2.3 Method of measuring effective radiated power, clause 8.5.2, b) . 27 8.5.3 Limits . 27 8.6 Transmission times . 27 8.6.1 Definition . 27 8.6.2 Method of measurement . 28 8.6.3 Limits . 28 9 Receiver parameters . 29 9.1 Co-channel rejection. 29 9.1.1 Definition . 29 9.1.2 Method of measurement . 29 9.1.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals. 29 9.1.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter . 30 9.1.3 Limits . 30 9.2 Adjacent channel selectivity . 30 9.2.1 Definition . 30 9.2.2 Method of measurement . 30 9.2.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals. 31 9.2.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter . 31 9.2.3 Limits . 32 9.3 Blocking or desensitization . 32 9.3.1 Definition . 32 9.3.2 Method of measurement . 32 9.3.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals. 32 9.3.2.2 Method of measuring using power splitter . 33 9.3.3 Limits . 33 SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02) 5 9.4 Spurious emissions . 33 9.4.1 Definition . 33 9.4.2 Method of measurement . 34 9.4.2.1 Method of measuring the power level in a specified load, clause 9.4.2, a) i). 34 9.4.2.2 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 9.4.2, a) ii). 34 9.4.2.3 Method of measuring the effective radiated power, clause 9.4.2, b) . 35 9.4.3 Limits . 35 10 Limits and methods of measurement for tag emissions . 35 10.1 Radiated power (e.r.p.) . 35 10.1.1 Definition . 35 10.1.2 Method of measurement . 35 10.1.2.1 Method of measuring the power in an un-modulated sub-carrier, clause 10.1.2, a) . 36 10.1.2.2 Method of measuring the power in a modulated sub-carrier, clause 10.1.2, b) . 37 10.1.3 Limits . 38 10.2 Unwanted emissions . 38 10.2.1 Definition . 38 10.2.2 Method of measurement . 38 10.2.3 Limits . 39 Annex A (normative): Radiated measurement . 40 A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields . 40 A.1.1 Anechoic chamber . 40 A.1.2 Anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane . 41 A.1.3 Open Area Test Site (OATS) . 42 A.1.4 Test antenna . 43 A.1.5 Substitution antenna . 44 A.1.6 Measuring antenna . 44 A.1.7 Stripline arrangement . 44 A.1.7.1 General . 44 A.1.7.2 Description . 44 A.1.7.3 Calibration . 44 A.1.7.4 Mode of use . 44 A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites . 45 A.2.1 Verification of the test site . 45 A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT . 45 A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT . 45 A.2.4 Range length . 45 A.2.5 Site preparation . 46 A.3 Coupling of signals . 47 A.3.1 General . 47 A.3.2 Data signals . 47 A.4 Standard test position . 47 A.5 Test fixture . 48 A.5.1 Description . 48 A.5.2 Calibration . 48 A.5.3 Mode of use . 49 Annex B (normative): Listen Before Talk (LBT) . 50 B.1 General performance criteria . 50 B.1.1 Void . 50 B.1.2 Receiver functional specification . 50 B.1.2.1 Listen mode . 50 B.1.2.2 Talk mode . 50 B.1.3 Scan mode . 50 B.2 Receiver threshold in listen mode . 51 B.2.1 Definition . 51 B.2.2 Method of measurement . 51 SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02) 6 B.2.3 Limits . 52 B.3 Blocking or desensitization in listen mode . 52 B.3.1 Definition . 52 B.3.2 Method of measurement . 53 B.3.2.1 Method of measuring radiated signals . 53 B.3.2.2 Conducted method of measurement . 54 B.3.3 Limits . 55 Annex C (informative): Bibliography . 56 History . 57
ETSI ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02) 7 Intellectual Property Rights IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp). Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document. Foreword This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM). Every EN prepared by ETSI is a voluntary standard. The present document contains technical characteristics and test methods for the equipment to which it relates. This text should be considered as guidance only and does not make the present document mandatory. The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issued under Council Directive 98/34/EC [i.6] (as amended) laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations. Annex A provides normative specifications concerning radiated measurements. Annex B provides normative specifications on tests to be carried out on interrogators that include the optional feature called "Listen Before Talk". The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Radio Frequency Identification Equipment operating in the band 865 MHz to 868 MHz with power levels up to 2 W, as identified below: Part 1: "Technical requirements and methods of measurement"; Part 2: "Harmonized EN covering essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive". The present document includes improvements to the previous version of the standard that take advantage of technical developments within the RFID industry. In particular this includes the ability for multiple interrogators to transmit simultaneously on the same channel. This provides significant improvements in spectrum efficiency and system performance. As a consequence "Listen Before Talk" is no longer a requirement.
National transposition dates Date of adoption of this EN: 8 February 2010 Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 31 May 2010 Date of latest publication of new National Standard or endorsement of this EN (dop/e):
30 November 2010 Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 30 November 2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02) 8 1 Scope The present document covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of the available frequencies. It does not necessarily include all the characteristics that may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the optimum performance achievable. Radio frequency identification products covered within the present document are considered by definition short-range devices. Power limits up to a maximum e.r.p. of 2 W are specified for this equipment in the frequency range 865 MHz to 868 MHz. The present document applies to RFID interrogators and tags operating together as a system. The interrogators transmit in four specified channels of 200 kHz each using a modulated carrier. The tags respond with a modulated signal preferably in the adjacent low power channels. Interrogators may be used with either integral or external antennas. ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) requirements are covered by EN 301 489-1 [i.1] and EN 301 489-3 [i.2]. The types of equipment covered by the present document are as follows: • fixed interrogators; • portable interrogators; • batteryless tags; • battery assisted tags; • battery powered tags. 2 References References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or non-specific. • For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply. • Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following cases: - if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the purposes of the referring document; - for informative references. Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference. NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee their long term validity. 2.1 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. [1] ETSI TR 100 028 (V1.4.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobile radio equipment characteristics". SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02) 9 [2] ETSI TR 102 273 (V1.2.1) (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the corresponding measurement uncertainties". [3] ANSI C63.5-2006: "American National Standard for Calibration of Antennas Used for Radiated Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference". 2.2 Informative references The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. [i.1] ETSI EN 301 489-1 (V1.8.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 1: Common technical requirements". [i.2] ETSI EN 301 489-3 (V1.4.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) standard for radio equipment and services; Part 3: Specific conditions for Short-Range Devices (SRD) operating on frequencies between 9 kHz and 40 GHz". [i.3] TCAM (21)36: "Passive RFID tags at the stage of placing on the market and the R&TTE Directive". [i.4] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their conformity (R&TTE Directive). [i.5] IEC 60489-3 Appendix J Second edition (1988): "Methods of measurement for radio equipment used in the mobile services. Part 3: Receivers for A3E or F3E emissions" (pages 156 to 164). [i.6] Directive 98/34/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 June 1998 laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations. 3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations 3.1 Definitions For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply: adaptive frequency agility: technique that allows an interrogator to change its frequency of operation automatically from one channel to another assigned frequency band: frequency band within which the emission by a device is authorized battery assisted tag: transponder that includes a battery to enhance its receive performance and power its internal circuitry batteryless tag: transponder that derives all of the power necessary for its operation from the field generated by an interrogator battery powered tag: transponder that uses the power from its battery to perform all of its operational functions conducted measurements: measurements which are made using a direct 50 Ω connection to the equipment under test dedicated antenna: removable antenna supplied and type tested with the radio equipment, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment dense interrogator mode: RFID operating mode in which multiple interrogators can transmit simultaneously in the same channel while tags respond in the adjacent channels SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02) 10 effective radiated power: product of the power supplied to the antenna and its gain relative to a half wave dipole in the direction of maximum gain external antenna: antenna that may be connected to an interrogator via its external connector Full Tests (FT): all tests specified in the present document global scroll: mode in which an interrogator is able to read the same tag continuously for test purposes only integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment interrogator: equipment that will activate an adjacent tag and read its data. It may also enter or modify the information in a tag Limited Tests (LT): limited tests (see clauses 4.2.1 to 4.2.2.3 of the present document) are as follows: • transmitter frequency error and frequency stability under low voltage conditions for mains operated equipment, see clause 8.1 of the present document; • transmitter frequency stability under low voltage conditions, see clause 8.2 of the present document; • transmitter effective radiated power, see clause 8.3 of the present document. Listen Before Talk (LBT): action taken by an interrogator to detect an unoccupied channel prior to transmitting (also known as "listen before transmit") provider: means the manufacturer, or his authorized representative or the person responsible for placing on the market radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field scan mode: specific test mode of an interrogator that detects a signal on a pre-selected channel and transmits automatically on another channel NOTE: See clause B.1.3. tag: transponder that holds data and responds to an interrogation signal talk mode: transmission of intentional radiation by an interrogator 3.2 Symbols For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply: dB decibel d distance f frequency measured under normal test conditions
fc centre frequency of carrier transmitted by interrogator fe the maximum frequency drift as measured in clause 8.1.2 b) Ω Ohms λ wavelength 3.3 Abbreviations For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply: ANSI American National Standards Institute BER Bit Error Ratio CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications administrations e.r.p. effective radiated power EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility emf electromotive force ERC European Radio communication Committee EUT Equipment Under Test SIST EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1:2010
ETSI ETSI EN 302 208-1 V1.3.1 (2010-02) 11 FT Full Tests LBT Listen Before Talk LT Limited Tests OATS Open Area Test Site R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment RF Radio Frequency RFID Radio Frequency IDentification SRD Short Range Device VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio 4 Technical requirement specifications 4.1 General requirements Interrogators shall transmit on any of the high power channels specified in clause 4.2.2.1 at power levels up to the limit specified in clause 8.3.3. An interrogator may transmit a continuous signal on any of the high power channels for a period not exceeding the limit defined in clause 8.6.3. At the end of the transmission the interrogator shall not transmit again on the same channel for the period defined in clause 8.6.3. Alternatively the interrogator may switch immediately to any one of the other high power channels send a further continuous transmission in accordance with the requirements of clause 8.6.3. There is no limit to the number of times that this process may be repeated. In a preferred method of operation tags, that are activated by an interrogator transmitting in a high power channel, respond in the adjacent low power channels. This technique is called the dense interrogator mode. It has the benefit of separating the frequencies of transmission of the interrogators and tags, allowing multiple interrogators to share the same channel thereby improving system performance. It also minimizes the generation of inter-modulation products, which may disrupt the behaviour of tags. The interrogator shall be so designed as to ensure that its length of transmission is no greater than is necessary to perform the intended operation. Interrogators shall support trigger techniques that indicate the presence or arrival of objects that may be tagged. Irrespective of the application, an interrogator shall stop transmitting after it has ceased to read any further tags, as specified in clause 8.6.3. Interrogators may also operate in a presence sensing mode in which they periodically transmit to determine whether tags have entered their interrogation zones. When operating in this mode, interrogators shall restrict the length of each transmission to less than 1 second and the period between successive transmissions shall be no less than 100 ms. Once an interrogator has determined the presence of tags, it will commence its reading routine. 4.2 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes Equipment submitted for testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all frequencies over which it is intended to operate. Providers shall select frequencies of operation in accordance with the channel plan defined in clause 4.2.2.1 and in accordance with the power levels defined in c
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