ETSI TR 102 733 V1.1.1 (2010-03)

Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); System Aspects for Public Safety

DTR/RRS-04005

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 04-Mar-2010
• Technical Committee: RRS 4 - Civil Security & Inter-Domain Synergies
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 01-Mar-2010
• Completion Date: 05-Mar-2010

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 102 733 V1.1.1 (2010-03)
Technical Report


Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS);
System Aspects for Public Safety

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 ETSI TR 102 733 V1.1.1 (2010-03)



Reference
DTR/RRS-04005
Keywords
radio, system
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: [phone]  Fax: [phone]

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
Individual copies of the present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in more than one electronic version or in print. In any case of existing or
perceived difference in contents between such versions, the reference version is the Portable Document Format (PDF).
In case of dispute, the reference shall be the printing on ETSI printers of the PDF version kept on a specific network drive
within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2010.
All rights reserved.

TM TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS , TIPHON , the TIPHON logo and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered
for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP is a Trade Mark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
LTE™ is a Trade Mark of ETSI currently being registered
for the benefit of its Members and of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 ETSI TR 102 733 V1.1.1 (2010-03)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Definitions . 9
3.2 Abbreviations . 10
4 Relevant input from other organizations . 11
4.1 Organizations . 12
4.1.1 Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials International (APCO) . 12
4.1.2 European Commission DG INFSO . 12
4.1.3 ECC . 12
4.1.4 ETSI EMTEL . 13
4.1.5 ETSI TETRA . 13
4.1.6 Intelligent Transportation System . 13
4.1.7 NATO . 14
4.1.8 PSCE Public Safety Communication Europe (NARTUS) . 14
4.1.9 Project MESA . 14
4.1.10 SAFECOM . 14
4.1.11 SDR Forum . 15
4.2 Projects . 15
4.2.1 Project CHORIST . 15
4.2.2 E2R . 16
4.2.3 ESSOR . 16
4.2.4 EULER . 16
4.2.5 WIDENS . 17
4.2.6 WINTSEC. 17
4.2.7 WISECOM . 17
5 Current communication systems in Public Safety . 17
5.1 Analog PMR . 18
5.2 APCO 25 . 18
5.3 Commercial cellular networks GSM/GPRS/UMTS/3G . 18
5.4 TETRA . 19
5.5 TETRAPOL . 19
5.6 Satellite Networks . 19
5.7 WiFi/WiMAX . 19
5.8 Marine Communications . 19
5.9 Avionics communication . 20
5.10 Mapping Table . 20
6 Overall System Design . 20
6.1 Introduction . 20
6.2 Input from other TC RRS working groups . 22
6.3 Functional architecture and interfaces . 22
6.4 Spectrum Management . 26
6.4.1 Current status of Spectrum Policy for Public Safety . 26
6.4.2 Dynamic Spectrum Management . 27
6.4.2.1 Introduction . 27
6.4.2.2 DSM design in Public Safety domain . 28
6.4.2.3 DSM two-layers approach in Public Safety domain . 30
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
4 ETSI TR 102 733 V1.1.1 (2010-03)
6.4.3 Architectures for Dynamic Spectrum Management . 31
6.4.3.1 Centralized architecture, Out-of-band channel. 32
6.4.3.2 Centralized architecture, In-band channel . 34
6.4.3.3 De-centralized architecture . 35
6.4.3.4 Evaluation of DSM architectures against requirements . 38
6.4.4 Modelling and simulation of Cognitive Wireless networks in Public Safety . 38
6.5 Security . 39
6.6 Interoperability . 44
6.7 Policy Framework . 46
7 Terminal Architecture . 47
7.1 Introduction . 47
7.2 ETSI TC RRS SDR Architecture for Mobile Devices . 47
7.3 Software architecture . 48
7.3.1 Software Communications Architecture (SCA). 50
7.3.2 The European Software Radio Architecture (ESRA) . 51
7.4 Conclusions . 52
8 Investigation on Deployment/Integration/Evolution/Migration from current infrastructures and
equipment . 52
8.1 Cost considerations (lifecycle/terminal price/software portability/deployment) . 52
8.1.1 Introduction. 52
8.1.2 Terminal price . 53
8.1.3 Deployment. 53
8.1.4 SW Portability and related business model . 53
8.1.5 Lifecycle . 55
8.2 Impact to organizational structures and procedures . 55
8.3 Considerations for evaluation and testing . 56
8.3.1 Certification . 56
8.3.2 Measurements and testing of wireless interferences . 56
History . 57

ETSI

---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
5 ETSI TR 102 733 V1.1.1 (2010-03)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS).
Introduction
The present document provides a feasibility study of the Systems Aspects for the application of reconfigurable radio
systems to the Public Safety domain.
While the Public Safety domain has specific sets of requirements and challenges in comparison to the consumer
domain, reconfigurable radio systems can provide improved operational capabilities to public safety organizations.
The purpose of the present document is to provide an overview of the main system design areas to investigate, to
present potential design solutions and related trade-offs.
As a feasibility study the present document provides basis for decision making at ETSI Board level on standardization
of some or all topics of the systems aspects in Public Safety domain.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
6 ETSI TR 102 733 V1.1.1 (2010-03)
1 Scope
The present document gives guidelines for the application of reconfigurable radio technologies in the Public Safety
domain and how they can solve or mitigate some of the challenges faced by Public safety communications today:
• Public safety organizations use many separate and often incompatible systems with quite different capabilities.
• New Public Safety applications or the evolution of existing ones require an increase need for broadband
connectivity.
• Public Safety organizations usually operate in uncertain and changing operational scenarios.
In this context, the present document establishes the general principles for the application of dynamic spectrum
management and cognitive radio in public safety domain. Security aspects will also addressed in the present document.
The document will also present relevant past and current activity in this context from other projects and standardizations
bodies.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] SDR Forum - Software Defined Radio technology for Public Safety, Working Document
SDRF-06-W-0001-1.0.
[i.2] "Framework for sharing common waveforms", NATO C3 Board software Defined Radio Users
group (SDRUG), working paper AC/322-WP92008.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
7 ETSI TR 102 733 V1.1.1 (2010-03)
[i.3] "Business Models for Wireless Interoperability using Software Defined Radio", NATO industrial
advisory group. DRAFT.
[i.4] Software defined radio to enable NNEC: technical challenges and opportunities for NATO by
Michael Street and Darek Maksimiuk, NATO C3 Agency.
[i.5] An Evolution of SDR, Ofcom Study. QinetiQ/D&TS/COM/PUB0603670/ Editor Taj Sturman.
[i.6] European Secure Software Radio Programme (ESSOR) Jerzy Lopatka, NATO RTO conference on
Tactical communications, Prague, April 2008. IST-083. Page 4-4.
[i.7] On Workload in an SCA-Based System, with Varying Component and Data Packet Sizes
Ulversøy, T.; Olavsson Neset, J, NATO RTO conference on Tactical communications, Prague,
April 2008. IST-083.
[i.8] Spectrum Management for the 21st century. The president's spectrum policy initiative second
annual progress report. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. October 2007.
[i.9] J. Zhao, H. Zheng, G.H. Yang, Distributed coordination in dynamic spectrum allocation networks,
in: First IEEE International Symposium on New Frontiers in Dynamic Spectrum Access
Networks, pp. 259-268, November 8-11, 2005.
[i.10] Lili Cao and Haitao Zheng, "Distributed spectrum allocation via local bargaining", in Proc. of
Second Annual IEEE Communications Society Conference on Sensor and Ad Hoc
Communications and Networks, (Secon), Sept. 2005, pp. 475-486.
[i.11] H. Zheng, L. Cao, "Device-centric spectrum management", in Proc. of IEEE DySPAN 2005,
Nov. 2005, pp. 56-65.
[i.12] J. So and N. H. Vaidya, "Multi-channel MAC for ad hoc networks: Handling multi-channel hidden
terminals using a single transceiver", in Proc. of ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad
Hoc Networking and Computing, (Mobihoc), May 2004, pp. 222-233.
[i.13] ETSI TR 102 653: "Project MESA; Technical Specification Group - System; System and Network
Architecture".
[i.14] European Radio Office (ERO).
NOTE: Available at www.ero.dk. Last accessed 26/06/2009.
[i.15] ECC REPORT 102: "Public protection and disaster relief spectrum requirements", Helsinki,
January 2007.
[i.16] Press Release: "European Commission paves the way for European mobile satellite services".
NOTE: Available at
http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/09/770&format=HTML&aged=0&language
=EN&guiLanguage=en. Last Accessed 31/07/2009.
[i.17] APCO 25.
NOTE: Available at http://www.project25.org/. Last accessed 26/05/2009.
[i.18] US Department of Homeland Security. Multi-band Radio Project.
NOTE: Available at http://www.safecomprogram.gov/SAFECOM/currentprojects/mbr. Last accessed
31/07/2009.
[i.19] The Joint Tactical Radio System (JTRS) and the Army's Future Combat System (FCS): Issues for
Congress. CRS Report for Congress. November 17, 2005.
[i.20] "TETRA versus GSM for Public Safety".
NOTE: Available in the reports section in
http://www.tetramou.com/uploadedFiles/Files/Documents/TETRAorGSMinPS.zip.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
8 ETSI TR 102 733 V1.1.1 (2010-03)
[i.21] ETSI TR 122 950: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Priority service feasibility study (3GPP TR 22.950)".
[i.22] "TETRA serving Public Safety in Europe".
NOTE: Available in the reports section at www.tetramou.com.
[i.23] "Best practices regarding the use of spectrum by some public sectors". EC DG INFSO/B4/RSPG.
11 February 2009.
NOTE: Available at http://rspg.groups.eu.int/.
[i.24] ETSI TR 102 683: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Cognitive Pilot Channel (CPC)".
[i.25] ETSI TR 102 682: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Functional Architecture (FA) for the
Management and Control of Reconfigurable Radio Systems".
[i.26] ETSI TR 102 476: "Emergency Communications (EMTEL); Emergency calls and VoIP: possible
short and long term solutions and standardization activities".
[i.27] ETSI TR 102 445: "Emergency Communications (EMTEL); Overview of Emergency
Communications Network Resilience and Preparedness".
[i.28] ETSI TR 170 012 (V3.1.1): "Project MESA; Technical Specification Group - System; System
Overview".
[i.29] ETSI TR 102 745: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); User Requirements for Public Safety".
[i.30] ETSI TR 122 952: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Priority service guide (3GPP TR 22.952)".
[i.31] ETSI TR 122 953: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Multimedia priority service feasibility study (3GPP
TR 22.953)".
[i.32] ETSI TS 122 153: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS); Multimedia priority service (3GPP TS 22.153)".
[i.33] ETSI TR 102 839: "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Multiradio Interface for Software
Defined Radio (SDR) Mobile Device Architecture and Services".
[i.34] ETSI TS 170 001: "Project MESA; Service Specification Group - Services and Applications;
Statement of Requirements (SoR)".
[i.35] ETSI TS 170 016: "Project MESA; Technical Specification Group - System; Functional
Requirements Definition".
[i.36] D2.1:"Report on ICT Research and Technology Development status for public safety".
[i.37] ETSI TR 170 002: "Project MESA; Service Specification Group - Services and Applications;
Definitions, symbols and abbreviations".
[i.38] ETSI TR 170 003: "Project MESA; Service Specification Group - Services and Applications;
Basic requirements".
[i.39] SAFECOM: "Public Safety Radio Frequency Spectrum: A Comparison of Multiple Access
Techniques".
[i.40] SAFECOM: "Public Safety Architecture Framework Volume I and II and Trial Report".
[i.41] CHORIST: "Reports on improvements to existing legacy PMR and broadband systems".
[i.42] CHORIST: "Report on Wideband network definition and design".
[i.43] CHORIST: "Report on Broadband network definition and design".
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
9 ETSI TR 102 733 V1.1.1 (2010-03)
[i.44] IEEE 802.16e: "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 16: Air Interface for
Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment for Physical and Medium
Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
Cognitive Radio (CR): radio, which has the following capabilities:
• to obtain the knowledge of radio operational environment and established policies and to monitor usage
patterns and users' needs;
• to dynamically and autonomously adjust its operational parameters and protocols according to this knowledge;
• in order to achieve predefined objectives, e.g. more efficient utilization of spectrum; and
• to learn from the results of its actions in order to further improve its performance.
Cognitive Radio System (CRS): radio system, which has the following capabilities:
• to obtain the knowledge of radio operational environment and established policies and to monitor usage
patterns and users' needs;
• to dynamically and autonomously adjust its operational parameters and protocols according to this knowledge
in order to achieve predefined objectives, e.g. more efficient utilization of spectrum; and
• to learn from the results of its actions in order to further improve its performance.
NOTE 1: Radio operational environment encompasses radio and geographical environments, and internal states of
the Cognitive Radio System.
NOTE 2: To obtain knowledge encompasses, for instance, by sensing the spectrum, by using knowledge data base,
by user collaboration, or by broadcasting and receiving of control information.
NOTE 3: Cognitive Radio System comprises a set of entities able to communicate with each other (e.g. network
and terminal entities and management entities).
NOTE 4: Radio system is typically designed to use certain radio frequency band(s) and it includes agreed schemes
for multiple access, modulation, channel and data coding as well as control protocols for all radio layers
needed to maintain user data links between adjacent radio devices.
non-RRS network node: wireless communication terminal or base station, which does not have cognitive radio
capabilities or is not based on software defined radio concepts
NOTE: As an example, non-RRS network node is a conventional wireless communications systems based on
TETRA Release 1 [i.22].
public safety organization: organization which is responsible for the prevention and protection from events that could
endanger the safety of the general public
NOTE: Such events could be natural or man-made. Example of Public Safety organizations are police,
fire-fighters and others.
radio technology: technology for wireless transmission and/or reception of electromagnetic radiation for information
transfer
RRS network node: wireless communication terminal or base station, which has cognitive radio capabilities or which
is based on software defined radio concepts
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
10 ETSI TR 102 733 V1.1.1 (2010-03)
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AP Access Point
APCO Association of Public-Safety Communications Officials International
API Application Program Interface
BER Bit Error Rate
CALM Communications, Air-interface, Long and Medium range
CCM Cognitive Control Manager
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
CPC Cognitive Pilot Channel
CQPSK Compatible differential offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
NOTE: QPSK-C to be changed to CQPSK in the document.
CR Cognitive Radio
CRS Cognitive Radio System
CS Circuit Switched
DMO Direct Mode of Operation
DoS Denial of Service
DSM Dynamic Spectrum Management
DSP Digital Signal Processor
E2R End-to-End Reconfigurability
EAN Extended Area Network
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EDA European Defence Agency
ESRA European Software Radio Archit
...