ETSI TS 102 636-4-1 V1.1.1 (2011-06)

Intelligent Transport System (ITS); Vehicular communications; GeoNetworking; Part 4: Geographical addressing and forwarding for point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communications; Sub-part 1: Media-Independent Functionality

DTS/ITS-0030001

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 13-Jun-2011
• Technical Committee: ITS WG3 - Transport and Network
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 15-Jun-2011
• Completion Date: 14-Jun-2011
• Mandate: M/453

Standards Content (Sample)

Technical Specification
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS);
Vehicular communications;
GeoNetworking;
Part 4: Geographical addressing and forwarding for
point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communications;
Sub-part 1: Media-Independent Functionality

2 ETSI TS 102 636-4-1 V1.1.1 (2011-06)

Reference
DTS/ITS-0030001
Keywords
addressing, ITS, network, point-to-pultipoint,
point-to-point, protocol, radio, safety
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ETSI
3 ETSI TS 102 636-4-1 V1.1.1 (2011-06)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword . 7
Introduction . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 References . 8
2.1 Normative references . 8
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 9
3.1 Definitions . 9
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Services provided by the GeoNetworking protocol . 11
5 Format convention . 12
6 GeoNetworking address . 13
6.1 General . 13
6.2 GeoNetworking address format . 13
6.3 Fields of the GeoNetworking address . 13
7 Data structures . 15
7.1 Location table . 15
7.1.1 General . 15
7.1.2 Minimum data elements of a Location Table Entry . 15
7.1.3 Maintenance of the Location Table . 15
7.2 Local Position Vector . 16
7.2.1 General . 16
7.2.2 Minimum data elements . 16
7.2.3 Maintenance . 16
7.3 Sequence number . 16
7.3.1 General . 16
7.3.2 Maintenance . 16
7.4 Location service packet buffer . 17
7.4.1 General . 17
7.4.2 Maintenance . 17
7.5 Forwarding packet buffer . 17
7.5.1 General . 17
7.5.2 Buffer size . 17
7.5.3 Maintenance . 18
8 GeoNetworking packet structure and formats . 18
8.1 Overview . 18
8.2 Packet structure . 18
8.2.1 General . 18
8.2.2 Overall structure . 18
8.2.3 Maximum Transmit Unit . 19
8.3 GeoNetworking header structure . 19
8.4 Position vector . 19
8.4.1 Overview . 19
8.4.2 Long Position Vector . 20
8.4.2.1 Structure . 20
8.4.2.2 Fields . 20
8.4.3 Short Position Vector . 22
8.4.3.1 Structure . 22
8.4.3.2 Fields . 22
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4 ETSI TS 102 636-4-1 V1.1.1 (2011-06)
8.5 Common Header . 22
8.5.1 Composition of the Common Header . 22
8.5.2 Fields of the Common Header . 23
8.5.3 Encoding of the NH field . 24
8.5.4 Encoding of the HT and HST fields . 24
8.5.5 Composition of the TC field . 24
8.5.6 Encoding of the TC-sub-fields . 25
8.5.6.1 Encoding of the TC-sub-field Relevance . 25
8.5.6.2 Encoding of the TC-sub-field Reliability . 25
8.5.6.3 Encoding of the TC-sub-field Latency . 25
8.5.7 Encoding of the LT field in Extended Headers . 25
8.6 GeoNetworking packet headers . 26
8.6.1 Overview . 26
8.6.2 GeoUnicast packet header . 26
8.6.2.1 Composition of the GeoUnicast packet header . 26
8.6.2.2 Fields of the GeoUnicast packet header . 27
8.6.3 TSB packet header . 27
8.6.3.1 Composition of the TSB packet header . 27
8.6.3.2 Fields of the TSB packet header . 28
8.6.4 SHB packet header. 28
8.6.4.1 Composition of the SHB packet header . 28
8.6.4.2 Fields of the SHB packet header . 28
8.6.5 GeoBroadcast/GeoAnycast packet header . 28
8.6.5.1 Composition of the GeoBroadcast/GeoAnycast packet header . 28
8.6.5.2 Fields of the GeoBroadcast/GeoAnycast packet header. 29
8.6.6 BEACON packet header . 30
8.6.6.1 Composition of the BEACON packet header . 30
8.6.6.2 Fields of the BEACON packet header . 30
8.6.7 LS Request header . 30
8.6.7.1 Composition of the LS Request header . 30
8.6.7.2 Fields of the LS Request packet header . 31
8.6.8 LS Reply packet header . 31
8.6.8.1 Composition of the LS Reply packet header . 31
8.6.8.2 Fields of the LS Reply packet header . 32
9 Protocol operation . 32
9.1 General . 32
9.2 Network management . 33
9.2.1 Address configuration . 33
9.2.1.1 General . 33
9.2.1.2 Auto-address configuration . 33
9.2.1.3 Managed address configuration . 33
9.2.1.3.1 Initial address configuration . 33
9.2.1.3.2 Address update . 33
9.2.1.4 Duplicate address detection . 34
9.2.2 Local position vector and time update . 34
9.2.2.1 Overview . 34
9.2.2.2 Local Position Vector update . 34
9.2.2.3 Time update. 34
9.2.3 Beaconing . 34
9.2.3.1 Overview . 34
9.2.3.2 Source operations . 35
9.2.3.3 Receiver operations . 36
9.2.4 Location service . 36
9.2.4.1 General . 36
9.2.4.2 Source operations . 37
9.2.4.2.1 Overview . 37
9.2.4.2.2 Source operation for initial LS Request . 37
9.2.4.2.3 Source operation for LS Request re-transmission . 38
9.2.4.2.4 Source operation for LS Reply . 38
9.2.4.3 Forwarder operations . 39
9.2.4.4 Destination operations . 39
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5 ETSI TS 102 636-4-1 V1.1.1 (2011-06)
9.3 Packet handling . 39
9.3.1 Overview . 39
9.3.2 Common Header field settings. 40
9.3.3 Common Header processing . 41
9.3.4 GeoUnicast packet handling . 41
9.3.4.1 General . 41
9.3.4.2 Source operations . 41
9.3.4.3 Forwarder operations . 42
9.3.4.4 Destination operations . 43
9.3.5 TSB packet handling . 44
9.3.5.1 General . 44
9.3.5.2 Source operations . 44
9.3.5.3 Forwarder and receiver operations . 45
9.3.6 SHB packet handling . 46
9.3.6.1 General . 46
9.3.6.2 Source operations . 46
9.3.6.3 Receiver operations . 46
9.3.7 GeoBroadcast packet handling . 47
9.3.7.1 General . 47
9.3.7.2 Source operations . 47
9.3.7.3 Forwarder and receiver operations . 48
9.3.8 GeoAnycast packet handling . 49
9.3.8.1 General . 49
9.3.8.2 Source operations . 49
9.3.8.3 Forwarder and receiver operations . 50
10 Conformance and test methods . 50
Annex A (normative): Duplicate packet detection . 51
Annex B (normative): Position vector update . 52
B.1 Overview . . 52
B.2 Update of LocT position vector . 52
B.3 Update of GeoNetworking packet position vector . 53
Annex C (normative): GeoUnicast forwarding algorithms . 54
C.1 Overview . . 54
C.2 Greedy Forwarding algorithm . 54
C.3 Contention-based forwarding algorithm. 54
Annex D (normative): GeoBroadcast forwarding algorithms. 57
D.1 Overview . . 57
D.2 Simple GeoBroadcast forwarding algorithm with line forwarding . 57
Annex E (informative): Advanced GeoBroadcast forwarding algorithms . 58
E.1 Overview . . 58
E.2 Advanced GeoBroadcast forwarding algorithm 1 . 58
E.3 Advanced GeoBroadcast forwarding algorithm 2 . 61
Annex F (normative): GeoNetworking protocol constants . 63
Annex G (normative): ASN.1 encoding of the GeoNetworking MIB . 65
G.1 Use of modules . 65
G.2 ASN.1 module . 65
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6 ETSI TS 102 636-4-1 V1.1.1 (2011-06)
Annex H (informative): GeoNetworking data services . 71
H.1 General . 71
H.2 GN-DATA.request . 71
H.3 GN-DATA.confirm . 72
H.4 GN-DATA.indication . 72
Annex I (informative): GeoNetworking management services . 73
I.1 General . 73
I.2 GN-MGMT.request . . 73
I.3 GN-MGMT.response . 73
Annex J (informative): Bibliography . 74
History . 75

ETSI
7 ETSI TS 102 636-4-1 V1.1.1 (2011-06)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Intelligent Transport System (ITS).
The present document is part 4, sub-part 1 of a multi-part deliverable. Full details of the entire series can be found in
part 1 [2].
Introduction
The GeoNetworking protocol is a network layer protocol that provides packet routing in an ad hoc network. It makes
use of geographical positions for packet transport. GeoNetworking supports the communication among individual ITS
stations as well as the distribution of packets in geographical areas.
GeoNetworking can be executed over different ITS access technologies for short-range wireless technologies, such as
ITS-G5 and infrared. The ITS access technologies for short-range wireless technologies have many technical
commonalities, but also differences. In order to reuse the GeoNetworking protocol specification for multiple ITS access
technologies, the specification is separated into media-independent and media-dependent functionalities.
Media-independent functionalities are those which are common to all ITS access technologies for short-range wireless
communication to be used for GeoNetworking. These media-dependent functionalities extend the media-independent
functionality for a specific ITS access technology. Therefore, the GeoNetworking protocol specification consists of the
standard for media-independent functionality and at least one standard for media-dependent functionality. However, it
should be noted that the media-dependent extensions do not represent distinct protocol entities.
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8 ETSI TS 102 636-4-1 V1.1.1 (2011-06)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the media-independent functionality of the GeoNetworking protocol.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 302 665: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Communications Architecture".
[2] ETSI TS 102 636-1: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 1: Requirements".
[3] ETSI TS 102 636-2: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 2: Scenarios".
[4] ETSI TS 102 636-3: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 3: Network architecture".
[5] ETSI TS 102 636-5-1: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 5: Transport Protocols; Sub-part 1: Basic Transport Protocol".
[6] ETSI TS 102 636-6-1: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 6: Internet Integration; Sub-part 1: Transmission of IPv6 Packets over
GeoNetworking Protocols".
[7] ETSI EN 302 931: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
Geographical Area Definition".
[8] ITU-T Recommendation X.691 (2002): "Information technology - ASN.1 encoding rules:
Specification of Packed Encoding Rules (PER)".
[9] Annex to ITU Operational Bulletin No. 741 - 1.VI.200: "Complement To ITUT Recommendation
E.212 (11/98)".
NOTE: Available at: http://www.itu.int/ITUT/.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI ES 202 663: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); European profile standard for the physical
and medium access control layer of Intelligent Transport Systems operating in the 5 GHz
frequency band".
ETSI
9 ETSI TS 102 636-4-1 V1.1.1 (2011-06)
[i.2] ETSI TS 102 636-4-2: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications;
GeoNetworking; Part 4: Geographical addressing and forwarding for point-to-point and point-to-
multipoint communications; Sub-part 2: Media dependent functionalities for ITS-G5A media".
[i.3] IEEE 802.3: "Ethernet Working Group".
[i.4] IEEE 802.11p: "IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Specific requirements
Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications
Amendment 6: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in EN 302 665 [1], TS 102 636-3 [4],
TS 102 636-6-1 [6] and the following apply:
destination: receiver that processes a GeoUnicast packet and delivers it to upper protocol entities, but does not relay the
packet to other GeoAdHoc routers
forwarder: GeoAdhoc router that processes a packet and relays it to other GeoAdhoc routers
GeoAdhoc router: Ad hoc router that implements the GeoNetworking protocol
local position vector: position vector for the local GeoAdhoc router
neighbour: GeoAdhoc router in direct (single-hop) communication range
packet: GeoNetworking PDU
position vector: position information of a GeoAdhoc router represented by a tuple of address, timestamp, geographical
position, speed, heading and corresponding accuracy information
receiver: GeoAdhoc router that processes a packet, delivers it's data to upper protocol entities and relays the packet to
other GeoAdhoc routers
sender: GeoAdhoc router that has sent the GeoNetworking packet
source: GeoAdhoc router that originates a GeoNetworking packet
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
ALT Altitude
ACC(POS, GN_ADDR) Accuracy of the position for the GeoAdhoc router GN_ADDR
ACC(S, GN_ADDR) Accuracy of the speed for the GeoAdhoc router GN_ADDR
ACC(H, GN_ADDR) Accuracy of the heading for the GeoAdhoc router GN_ADDR
GEO_MAX Maximum size of the GeoNetworking packet header
GEOSEC_MAX Maximum size of the optional GeoNetworking Security header
H(GN_ADDR) Heading of the ITS station GN_ADDR
LAT Latitude
LL_ADDR Link layer address that identifies the ITS station at the link layer protocol entity in the
ITS Access Layer
LL_ADDR_NH Link layer address of the next hop
LONG Longitude
LS_PENDING Location Service pending flag
LSB(LONG) LSB of the Longitude
LSB(ALT) LSB of the Altitude
LSB(TST) LSB of the Timestamp
LSB(S) LSB of the Speed
ETSI
10 ETSI TS 102 636-4-1 V1.1.1 (2011-06)
LSB(H) LSB of the Heading
M Manual
MRC Maximum Retransmit Counter
MTU_AL MTU of the ITS Access Layer
POS(GN_ADDR) Geographical position of the ITS station GN_ADDR
RAND[x,y] Function that returns a random (integer) number in the given interval [x,y]
S(GN_ADDR) Speed of the ITS station GN_ADDR
SN(GN_ADDR) Last maximum sequence number received from the GeoAdhoc router
SN_MAX Largest possible value of the sequence number
SN(P) Value of the sequence number field carried in a GeoNetworking packet
T(LocTE) Lifetime of an entry in the location table
TO_CBF_MIN Timeout; minimum duration a packet is buffered in the CBF cache
TO_CBF_MAX Timeout; maximum duration a packet is buffered in the CBF cache
TST(UET) Number of milliseconds since the Unix Epoch midnight (0 hour), January 1, 1970
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in EN 302 665 [1], TS 102 636-3 [4],
TS 102 636-6-1 [6] and the following apply:
Acc Accuracy
BC Broadcast
BTP Basic Transport Protocol
BTP Basic Transport Protocol
CBF Contention-Based Forwarding
DE Destination
FCS Frame Check Sequence
FIFO First In First Out
GAC Geographically-Scoped Anycast
GBC Geographically-Scoped broadcast
GF Greedy Forwarding
GN GeoNetworking
GN_ADDR GeoNetworking Address
GN6ASL GeoNetworking to IPv6 Adaptation Sub-Layer
GN6ASL GeoNetworking to IPv6 Adaptation Sub-Layer
GN6-SDUGN6 Service Data Unot
HL Hop Limit
HST Header Sub-Type
HT Header Type
LL Link Layer
LocT Location Table
LocTE Location Table Entry
LPV Local Position Vector
LS Location Service
LSB Least Significant Bit
LT Lifetime
MAC Medium Access Control
MFR Most Forward within Radius
MHVB Multi-Hop Vehicular Broadcast
MID MAC ID
MTU Maximum Transmit Unit
NH Next Header
PCI Protcol Control Information
PCI Protocol Control Information
PDU Protocol Data Unit
PL Payload Length
POS Position
PV Position Vector
PV Position Vector
RTC Retransmit Counter
SCC Station Country Code
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11 ETSI TS 102 636-4-1 V1.1.1 (2011-06)
SE Sender
SHB Single Hop Broadcast
SN Sequence Number
SO Source
SPV Short Position Vector
SST Station Subtype
ST Station Type
TSB Topologically Scoped Broadcast
T-SDU Transport Service Data Unit
TST Timestamp
UC Unicast
UET UNIX Epoch Time
4 Services provided by the GeoNetworking protocol
The GeoNetworking protocol is a network protocol that resides in the ITS network and transport layer [1] and is
executed in the ad hoc router [4], specifically in the GeoAdhoc router. It provides the transport of packets in the ITS ad
hoc network [4]. It shall support the requirements specified in [2] and the scenarios specified in [3].
The GeoNetworking protocol provides services to upper protocol entities, i.e. the ITS Transport Protocol, such as the
Basic Transport Protocol (BTP) [5], and the GeoNetworking to IPv6 Adaptation Sub-Layer (GN6ASL) [6]. The
services are provided via the GN_SAP using service primitives of different types that carry parameters and the PDU of
the upper protocol entity, i.e. T/GN6 PDU (see figure 1). A PDU of the transport protocols are considered as SDU in the
GeoNetworking protocol. The SDU is complemented with Protocol Control Information (PCI) and transmitted as
GN PDU to the peer entity.
In order to provide its packet transport services, the GeoNetworking protocol uses the services of the ITS Access Layer.
ETSI
12 ETSI TS 102 636-4-1 V1.1.1 (2011-06)
Other
ITS Basic GeoNetworking
Transport
Transport IPv6 Adaptation
Protocols
Protocol Sub-Layer
(BTP) (GN6ASL)
T PDU
GN6 PDU
GN_SAP
GeoNetworking
Protocol
ITS T/GN6 T/GN6
GN_
ITS Network
Network PCI SDU
Mgmt_
und Transport
and Transport
SAP
Management
Layer
T/GN6
GN PDU PCI
SDU
IN_SAP
ITS Access
Link Layer
Technologies
Protocol
Layer
Figure 1: Service primitives, SDUs and PDUs relevant for the GeoNetworking protocol
The present document specifies the internal GN_SAP between the GeoNetworking protocol and the ITS transport
protocol, such as the Basic Transport Protocol (BTP) [5]), the GeoNetworking IPv6 Adaptation Sub-Layer (GN6ASL)
as defined in [6] and other transport protocols as well as the GN_Mgmt_SAP between the GeoNetworking protocol and
the ITS Network and Transport Management.
5 Format convention
The basic convention for the specification of packet formats is illustrated in figure 2. The bits are grouped into bytes.
The bits of an octet are always shown horizontally and are numbered from 0 to 7. Up to 4 octets are shown horizontally;
multiple sets of 4 octets are grouped vertically. Octets are numbered from 1 to N.
The octets are transmitted in ascending numerical order; inside an octet the bit 0 is transmitted first.
When a field is contained within a single octet, the highest bit number of the field represents the lowest order value,
i.e. the Least Significant Bit (LSB).
When a field spans more than one octet, the order of bit values within each octet progressively increases as the octet
number increases, i.e. the highest bit number of the multi-octet field represents the LSB.
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13 ETSI TS 102 636-4-1 V1.1.1 (2011-06)
0    1    2    3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Octet 0 Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3
Octets 4 to 7
… Octet N-1
Figure 2: Format convention
6 GeoNetworking address
6.1 General
Every GeoAdhoc router shall have a unique GeoNetworking address. This address shall be used in the header of a
GeoNetworking packet and identify the communicating GeoNetworking entities.
6.2 GeoNetworking address format
The format of the GeoNetworking address is described in figure 3.
0    1    2    3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
M ST SSSCC MID
T
MID
Figure 3: GeoNetworking address format
6.3 Fields of the GeoNetworking address
The GeoNetworking address shall be comprised of the fields specified in table 1.
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14 ETSI TS 102 636-4-1 V1.1.1 (2011-06)
Table 1: Fields of the GeoNetworking address
Field # Field name Octet/bit position Type Description
First Last
1 M Octet 0 Octet 0 1 bit unsigned integer This bit allows distinguishing between
Bit 0 Bit 0 manually configured network address and the
initial GeoNetworking address. M is set to 1 if
the address is manually configured otherwise
it equals 0.
2 ST Octet 0 Octet 0 4 bit unsigned integer ITS Station Type.
Bit 1 Bit 4 To identify the ITS Station type.
Bit 1:
0 - Vehicle ITS station.
1 - Roadside ITS station.
Bit 2 to Bit 4:
For Roadside ITS station:
0 - Traffic light.
1 - Ordinary Roadside ITS station.
For Vehicle ITS station:
0 - Bike.
1 - Motorbike.
2 - Car.
3 - Truck.
4 - Bus.
3 SST Octet 0 Octet 0 1 bit unsigned integer ITS Station sub-type.
Bit 5 Bit 5 To distinguish between public transport and
private ITS stations.
0 - Public (e.g. school bus, public safety
vehicle).
1 - Private (e.g. non-public transport
vehicle).
4 SCC Octet 0 Octet 1 10 bit unsigned integer ITS Station Country Code.
Bit 6 Bit 7
5 MID Octet 2 Octet 7 48 bit address This field represents the LL_ADDR.

The first bit is reserved for the recognition of manual configured GeoNetworking addresses. The allocation of ITS
Station Country Codes (SCC) is administered by the ITU-T [9].
The MID field corresponds to the access layer address. In case of IEEE 802.11p [i.4] MAC layer, the 48-bit MAC layer
address shall be used.
In order to allow for the resolution of a GeoUnicast destination GN_ADDR from an IPv6 destination address
...