ETSI TS 105 200-2-3 V1.2.1 (2019-12)

Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Energy management; Operational infrastructures; Implementation of Global KPIs; Part 2: Specific requirements; Sub-part 3: Mobile broadband access networks

RTS/ATTM-0249

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 19-Dec-2019
• Technical Committee: ATTM AT2 - Infrastructure, Physical Networks & Communication Systems
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 26-Dec-2019
• Completion Date: 20-Dec-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM);
Energy management; Operational infrastructures;
Implementation of Global KPIs;
Part 2: Specific requirements;
Sub-part 3: Mobile broadband access networks

2 ETSI TS 105 200-2-3 V1.2.1 (2019-12)

Reference
RTS/ATTM-0249
Keywords
broadband, energy management, ICT,
sustainability
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: [phone]  Fax: [phone]

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org/standards-search
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the prevailing version of an ETSI
deliverable is the one made publicly available in PDF format at www.etsi.org/deliver.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© ETSI 2019.
All rights reserved.
DECT™, PLUGTESTS™, UMTS™ and the ETSI logo are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.

3GPP™ and LTE™ are trademarks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
oneM2M™ logo is a trademark of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the oneM2M Partners. ®
GSM and the GSM logo are trademarks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
3 ETSI TS 105 200-2-3 V1.2.1 (2019-12)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 7
Foreword . 7
Modal verbs terminology . 7
Introduction . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 References . 9
2.1 Normative references . 9
2.2 Informative references . 9
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 10
3.1 Terms . 10
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 10
4 Global KPIs of ETSI EN 305 200-2-3 . 11
4.1 Mobile broadband access networks . 11
4.2 KPIs for energy management . 11
4.2.1 Global KPI (KPI ) for mobile access networks . 11
EM
4.2.2 Objective KPIs . 12
4.2.2.1 Energy consumption (KPI ) . 12
EC
4.2.2.1.1 General . 12
4.2.2.1.2 Small cells in CP, FWA, public WiFi and "street level" equipment within the calculation of
KPI . 13
EC
4.2.2.1.3 Measurement (and estimation) of total energy consumption . 14
4.2.2.2 Task effectiveness (KPI ) . 14
EC
4.2.2.2.1 General . 14
4.2.2.2.2 Measurement of data volumes . 15
4.2.2.3 Renewable energy (KPI ) . 15
REN
4.2.2.3.1 General . 15
4.2.2.3.2 Measurement of renewable energy consumption . 16
5 Collection of data . 17
5.1 General . 17
5.2 Estimation of energy consumption and renewable content . 18
5.2.1 Energy consumption . 18
5.2.1.1 Overview . 18
5.2.1.2 Energy bills . 19
5.2.1.3 Meters installed by the MNO (smart metering) . 19
5.2.1.4 Energy consumption provided by the equipment . 19
5.2.1.5 Network and location sharing . 20
5.2.2 Renewable energy . 20
5.3 Data related to traffic . 20
5.4 Clarification of data . 21
6 Trend analysis . 21
6.1 Overview . 21
6.2 Renewable energy sources . 22
6.3 Intelligent management . 23
6.4 Summary of possible actions to improve KPI . 23
EM
6.5 Reporting of trend data . 24
7 Reporting templates . 24
Annex A (informative): Mobile access networks and energy . 26
A.1 Network energy consumption and supply . 26
A.2 Energy consumption trends . 26
ETSI
4 ETSI TS 105 200-2-3 V1.2.1 (2019-12)
Annex B (informative): Change History . 30
History . 31

ETSI
5 ETSI TS 105 200-2-3 V1.2.1 (2019-12)
List of figures
Figure 1: Mobile access network implementations .11
Figure 2: Data collection architecture .17
Figure 3: Data processing and reporting architecture .18
Figure 4: Schematic of mobile access network energy consumption .18
Figure 5: Growth of traffic data rate per W .22
Figure A.1: Trends in data volume .27
Figure A.2: Trends in data volume increase (annual).27
Figure A.3: Trends in energy consumption and sourcing.28
Figure A.4: Trends in energy consumption and sourcing.28
Figure A.5: Trends in KPI .29
TE
Figure A.6: Trends in KPI increase (annual) .29
TE
ETSI
6 ETSI TS 105 200-2-3 V1.2.1 (2019-12)
List of tables
Table 1: Techniques for improvement of KPI .24
EM
Table 2: Template for mobile network report .25
Table A.1: Renewable energy source solutions .26

ETSI
7 ETSI TS 105 200-2-3 V1.2.1 (2019-12)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Access, Terminals, Transmission
and Multiplexing (ATTM).
The present document is part 2, sub-part 3 of a multi-part deliverable covering the Energy management; Operational
infrastructures; Implementation of Global KPIs, as identified below:
ETSI EN 305 200-1: "General requirements";
ETSI TS 105 200-2: "Specific requirements":
Sub-part 1: "ICT Sites";
Sub-part 2: "Fixed broadband access networks";
Sub-part 3: "Mobile broadband access networks";
Sub-part 4: "Cable Access Networks";
ETSI TS 105 200-3: "ICT Sites";
ETSI EN 305 200-4: "Design assessments".
NOTE: Part 2 of this series has also been produced as EN and ES.
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
8 ETSI TS 105 200-2-3 V1.2.1 (2019-12)
Introduction
ICT energy needs and costs will continue to increase in the future, while new mobile generations will be deployed and
will introduce new active dedicated equipment in the global network architecture.
In this context, and to reflect environmental aspects of sustainability, it is essential for telecommunications network
operators to implement effective general engineering of mobile broadband networks and sites provisioning, managing
or using those networks (i.e. ICT sites) in order to respond to critical issues of energy consumption. To guide this
process, it is essential that metrics are defined that enable energy usage to be managed more effectively.
The Global Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of the ETSI EN 305 200 series [1] address operational infrastructures
and do not consider design or operation of individual components comprising those infrastructures.
The present document specifies the deployment of Global KPIs for energy management (KPIEM) for the mobile access
networks of broadband deployment specified in ETSI EN 305 200-2-3 [2].
NOTE: The data traffic measured in the present document does not account for non-"Subscriber Identity Module"
(SIM) traffic. This can be considered in a future revision of both ETSI EN 305 200-2-3 [2] and the
present document.
The mobile access network described in ETSI EN 305 200-2-3 [2] includes all the active components or parts of the
access network.
ETSI
9 ETSI TS 105 200-2-3 V1.2.1 (2019-12)
1 Scope
The reporting of Global KPIs in accordance with ETSI EN 305 200-2-3 [2] requires the collection of data to enable the
calculation of the following aspects:
• Objective KPI relating to task efficiency (KPI based on data_volume and total energy consumption
TE)
(KPI .
EC)
• Objective KPI relating to the use of renewable energy (KPI .
REN)
The present document supports the requirements of ETSI EN 305 200-2-3 [2] providing a framework for, and detailing,
the implementation procedures including any necessary techniques for estimation of energy consumption together with
clarification and treatment of different types of data volume.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 305 200 series: "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Energy
management; Operational infrastructures; Global KPIs".
[2] ETSI EN 305 200-2-3: "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Energy
management; Operational infrastructures; Global KPIs; Part 2: Specific requirements; Sub-part 3:
Mobile broadband access networks".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI EN 303 472: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Energy Efficiency measurement
methodology and metrics for RAN equipment".
ETSI
10 ETSI TS 105 200-2-3 V1.2.1 (2019-12)
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI EN 305 200-2-3 [2] and the following apply:
Access Gateway (AG): gateway that interworks a significant number of analogue lines to a packet network
BaseBand Unit (BBU): mobile access network equipment that processes baseband signal, connected to one or more
Remote Radio Units through optical fibre or metallic cabling, or by microwave links
downstream: relative location in the mobile access network in the direction of User Equipment
Fixed Wireless Access (FWA): means of providing internet connectivity that uses wireless network technology rather
than fixed lines
fronthaul infrastructure: portion of a mobile access network telecommunications architecture including the
intermediate links between the BaseBand Units and Remote Radio Units
Management Information Base (MIB): database allowing management of ICT devices using Simple Network
Management Protocol (SNMP)
Mobile Network Operator (MNO): provider of wireless communications services that owns or controls all the
elements necessary to sell and deliver services to an end user including radio spectrum allocation, wireless network
infrastructure, backhaul infrastructure, billing, customer care, provisioning computer systems and marketing and repair
organizations
Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC): network architecture that supports increases in data processing and storage at
the edge of the of a mobile access network (closer to end-user) to reduce latency
Remote Radio Unit (RRU): radio transceiver equipment connected to a BaseBand Unit
upstream: relative location in the mobile access network in the direction of an Operator Site
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in ETSI EN 305 200-2-3 [2] apply.
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI EN 305 200-2-3 [2] and the following apply:
AG Access Gateway
BBU BaseBand Unit
FWA Fixed Wireless Access
MEC Multi-access Edge Computing
MIB Management Information Base
MNO Mobile Network Operator
QoS Quality of Service
RRU Remote Radio Unit
SIM Subscriber Identity Module
SMPA Switched Mode Power Amplifier
SNMP Simple Network Management Protocol
ETSI
11 ETSI TS 105 200-2-3 V1.2.1 (2019-12)
4 Global KPIs of ETSI EN 305 200-2-3
4.1 Mobile broadband access networks
The network schematic used in the present document is shown in Figure 1 (amended from that of ETSI
EN 305 200-2-3 [2]).
Access network
Backhaul (transport)
BS site R
BS
OS
NDN NDN
BS site
NDN
BBU RRU
BBU RRU
RRU
BBU
Backhaul (transport) Fronthaul
Optical fibre, metallic and microwave infrastructure

Figure 1: Mobile access network implementations
Within the mobile access network, the term Network Distribution Node (NDN) is employed to describe a variety of
aggregations of Network Telecommunications Equipment (NTE) at locations within the backhaul network (also known
as transport network) between the Operator Site (OS) and the Base Station site accommodating a Base Station or
BaseBand Units (BBU). The BBUs are shown connected over the fronthaul links to Remote Radio Units (RRUs).
BS sites, repeaters (R) and RRUs are shown as specific examples of NDNs.
Figure 1 shows certain NDNs within dashed boxes to indicate that they are:
• optional;
• not restricted in number to the configurations shown.
The present document also considers the use of small cell and Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) implementations.
4.2 KPIs for energy management
4.2.1 Global KPI (KPI ) for mobile access networks
EM
From ETSI EN 305 200-2-3 [2], KPI is a combination of two separate KPIs, in a common assessment period, as
EM
follows:
1) the Objective KPI for task effectiveness expressed as KPI (see clause 4.2.2.2);
TE
2) the Objective KPI for renewable energy contribution expressed as KPI (see clause 4.2.2.3);
REN
ETSI
UE
UE UE UE
12 ETSI TS 105 200-2-3 V1.2.1 (2019-12)
and both of these Objective KPIs incorporate a third Objective KPIs for energy consumption expressed as KPI (see
EC
clause 4.2.2.1).
From ETSI EN 305 200-2-3 [2], KPI is defined as:
EM
data _ volume
in conjunction with KPI
KPI =
TE REN
KPI
EC
The Global KPI, KPI , and the underpinning Objective KPIs are primarily intended for trend analysis - not to enable
EM
comparison between mobile access networks.
4.2.2 Objective KPIs
4.2.2.1 Energy consumption (KPI )
EC
4.2.2.1.1 General
The present document supports the evaluation of the energy consumption required to provide a given level of service as
a primary objective.
From ETSI EN 305 200-2-3 [2], KPI , for a given assessment period, is defined mathematically as:
EC
= +
where, for the assessment period:
j = index of NDN sites
N = total number of OS
M = total number of NDN sites
C = energy consumption of all the mobile access network NTE at OS
OS i
i
NOTE 1: C includes the energy consumption of the supporting infrastructure at OSs where all the NTE is under
OS
common governance.
= energy consumption of all the mobile access network NTE at NDN supplied from the utility, from
C
j
NDN
j
upstream sources or generated on-site
NOTE 2: C includes the energy consumption of the supporting infrastructure at NDNs where all the NTE is
NDN
under common governance.
The note text in the explanations of the parameters are taken from ETSI EN 305 200-2-3 [2]. However, it should be
noted that network and location sharing (see clause 5.2.1.5) implies that not all NTE at OS and NDN sites is under
common governance and the present document refines the approach taken in such situations.
The above formula and terms do not take account of equipment that is powered by third parties including small cell
(microcell, picocell and femtocell) and FWA equipment powered by the end-user. This is not addressed in ETSI
EN 305 200-2-3 [2] and the inclusion of such equipment requires a modification to the above formula (see
clause 4.2.2.1.2).
It has to be considered that a mobile access network is complex and consists of a large number of distributed sites
accommodating BS and RRU equipment. A typical MNO has many thousand sites, up to tens of thousands. The number
of sites is predicted to increase further with the advent of 5G.
ETSI
13 ETSI TS 105 200-2-3 V1.2.1 (2019-12)
KPI can be either measured or estimated:
EC
• KPI is the energy consumption obtained through direct measurement by the MNO or electricity
EC-measured
supplier, or provided by another MNO if equipment is co-located in the OS or the NDN;
• KPI is the energy consumption obtained through direct measurement by the MNO or electricity
EC-estimated
supplier, or provided by another MNO if equipment is co-located in the OS or the NDN.
NOTE 3: This is applied in mixed, "access/core", network sites where equipment of other network segments is
present (core, fixed access, etc.) and the energy split is not made through continuous measurement.
Estimation is also needed for the energy consumed by network equipment in small cells, powered from
CP as described in clause 4.2.2.1.2.
4.2.2.1.2 Small cells in CP, FWA, public WiFi and "street level" equipment within the
calculation of KPI
EC
For coverage extension, offloading of data traffic and to improve Quality of Service (QoS), operators install small cells
near the users' location and propose that end-users acquire service via a cell in their own location. These cells can be
deployed in different places such as:
• microcells, typically outdoors, at "street level";
• picocells (typically installed in residential, commercial and industrial premises);
• femtocells in homes or other CP which are connected to, or integrated within, CP equipment;
• WiFi access points for public WiFi service.
The consumption of the equipment or an apportionment relevant to the mobile access network, even if it is not directly
accounted for by the MNO, has an integral role in powering the mobile access network and should be part of the KPI .
EC
The estimation of this consumption can be made by multiplying the quantity of such equipment by its maximum energy
consumption.
The presence of CP powered equipment within the mobile access network requires an amendment of the formula for
KPI of clause 4.2.2.2.1 as follows:
EC
= + +
with:
=
where, for the assessment period:
k = index of small cells
P = total number of small cells under consideration
= energy consumption of small cell k

Considering the power needed by small cells varies from a few watts for home equipment femtocells up to 200 W for
microcells, the total amount of energy could become significant as the number of such equipment grows dramatically in
the coming years. For example, the picocell function integrated within an Access Gateway (AG) can consume up to
25 % of the maximum AG energy consumption (as specified in the equipment's technical specification).
NOTE: This represents the energy portion of the AG to deliver the mobile service and its need to remain always
on.
The energy consumption of the TE of FWA services (that can be integrated within the antenna) should also be
accounted for.
ETSI
14 ETSI TS 105 200-2-3 V1.2.1 (2019-12)
As a result the total C is reported separately (see clause 7).
SC
4.2.2.1.3 Measurement (and estimation) of total energy consumption
As indicated above KPI (as either KPI or KPI ) is the arithmetic sum of the consumption of all
EC EC-measured EC-estimated
the NTE of the mobile access network, together with the energy consumed by their supporting infrastructure where all
the NTE is under common governance. The supporting infrastructure considers powering; cooling; lighting and any
further ancillary equipment in the mobile access network sites.
As described in detail in clause 5.2.1, the consumption information sources can be:
• the utility meter, through the fiscal energy billing;
• a sensor and metering network installed by the MNO;
• energy consumption estimation;
• consumption of small cells (see clause 4.2.2.1.2).
Although the primary objective of present document is the evaluation of KPIs of a mobile access network only, in some
cases it could prove difficult to apportion the consumption of mixed-use sites, that are hosting both access and core
network equipment and even offices for the MNO's employees. This could lead to extensive need to split by estimation
of the shares due to the various network segments (see clause 5.2.1.5).
This complexity is going to increase as the Multi-access Edge Computing (MEC) equipment is going to spread across
the access network sites. In such a case, in addition to NTE, other infrastructures composed of ITE will be present in the
ICT site. In order to simplify the task for the MNO and to improve dependability of the data, it could then be acceptable
that the consumption of the MEC ITE equipment, up to that of the whole mobile network is used as KPI . The
EC
approach chosen on the network boundaries considered will have to be declared in the Reporting Template.
is expressed in kWh; the unit for consumption of electricity which is the main source of energy in mobile access
KPI
EC
networks. Nevertheless, other energy vectors can be part of the total energy consumption such as: diesel oil used in gen-
sets that power off-grid, remote sites, natural gas used in high efficiency "combined heat and power" co/tri-generators.
The additional use of energy from different sources than electricity has to be converted from the original form into
kWh.
Requirements or recommendations in relation to the improvement of the energy consumption of the NTE and support
infrastructures are not within the scope of the present document.
It is desirable that the actual energy consumption of all relevant NTE and supporting infrastructure equipment is
measured and used to calculate the KPI. However, in situations where direct measurement of the consumption is not
possible, the maximum consumption of the equipment contained within the vendors technical specification may be
used. This latter approach will result in a generally higher value of KPI . This will encourage the implementation of
EC
methodologies to enable the direct measurements to be made.
4.2.2.2 Task effectiveness (KPI )
EC
4.2.2.2.1 General
The present document supports the evaluation of the task effectiveness as a primary objective.
KPI is a measure of the data volume transported across the mobile access network per unit of energy consumed by
TE
the entire network.
An improvement of KPI reflects a reduction of the overall energy consumption required to deliver a given data
TE
volume (which is noted by a reduction in KPI ) and/or an increase in the data volume provided for a given level of
EC
energy consumption.
ETSI
15 ETSI TS 105 200-2-3 V1.2.1 (2019-12)
From ETSI EN 305 200-2-3 [2], KPI , for a given assessment period, is defined mathematically as:
TE
N
 data_volume
i
i=1
KPI =
TE
KPI
EC
where, for the assessment period,
KPI =  total of KPI and KPI
EC EC-measured EC-estimated
i =  index of BS
N = total number of BSs
data _ volume =  total data volume at BS (which can be measured at the highest hierarchical level which
i
i
provides clear and unambiguous data)
In order to obtain the total data volume, it is not necessary to measure the data traffic at each BS as an aggregated view
of data volume can be obtained by measurement at the core level or other location in the network where data are
aggregated.
This represents a wider interpretation to that given ETSI EN 305 200-2-3 [2] which implies measurements at BS
locations in accordance with ETSI EN 303 472 [i.1].
4.2.2.2.2 Measurement of data volumes
The measurement of the total data volume transported across the mobile network could be made at different probing
points, from each NDN, up to the core network. Nevertheless, measuring at each NDN is quite complex both due to the
quantity of equipment involved and the lack of such probing points in legacy equipment. Practical reasons favour the
measurement at high level network points (towards the boundaries between access and core network) as they are
significantly less numerous and, anyway, in today's network architecture all the mobile data traffic is crossing them.
The introduction of MEC will introduce new paths for the data flow as a relevant part of the data served to customers
will not cross the core network anymore, but will be limited to the extreme downstream part of the access network. In
order to ensure that the data traffic of these future mobile services is accounted for, each MEC installation shall be
provided with data flow measurement features.
Some legacy technologies are expressing the traffic in other terms than bit rate. Voice traffic (In GSM or UMTS for 2G
and 3G mobile generations) is expressed in "minutes of call". To determine the data traffic contribution of such
technologies it is then needed to convert the minutes of calls using the following formulas:
Traffic = 22 [kbits/s] x 60 [s/minutes] x CALL x 2 (bi-directional data flow)
voice million minutes.
where:
Trafficvoice = data volume equivalent (Gbit) of total call time of the mobile access network
CALLmillion minutes = total call time (in millions of minutes) over the mobile access network
NOTE: The "22 [kbit/s]" values comprises the bit rate for the call itself + an additional bit rate for the signalling
and framing overhead.
4.2.2.3 Renewable energy (KPI )
REN
4.2.2.3.1 General
From ETSI EN 305 200-2-3 [2], KPI , for a given assessment period, is defined mathematically as:
REN
NM
CR×+ C ×R

OSOS NDN NDN
iij j
ij==11
KPI =
REN
KPI
EC
ETSI
16 ETSI TS 105 200-2-3 V1.2.1 (2019-12)
where, for the assessment period,
i = index of OS
j = index of NDN sites
N = total number of OS
M = total number of NDN sites
C = energy consumption of all the mobile access network NTE at OS
OS i
i
= energy consumption of all the mobile access network NTE at NDN supplied from the utility, from
C
j
NDN
j
upstream sources or generated on-site
R = ratio of renewable energy generated on-site at OS
OS i
i
= ratio of renewable energy generated on-site at NDN
R
j
NDN
j
KPI is the ratio of energy consumption from renewable sources to the total energy consumption of clause 4.2.2.1. It
REN
is a dimensionless number.
Small cells (as described in clause 4.2.2.1.2) are not considered within calculations of KPI unless the energy source
REN
is under the control of the MNO.
4.2.2.3.2 Measurement of renewable energy consumption
ETSI EN 305 200-2-3 [2] and the present document support the use of renewable energy as a primary objective.
KPI is the ratio of energy consumption from renewable sources to the total energy consumption of clause 4.2.2.1.
REN
It is a dimensionless number.
Only the sources contributing to KPI will be taken into account, whether dedicated or shared.
EC
KPI takes account of renewable energy that is produced by:
REN
a) sources dedicated to and directly serving an NDN;
b) sources under common governance with the NDNs they serve and from which it is conveyed by the utility
(grid) serving an NDNs in the group defined for the application of the KPI .
EM
In the case of b):
• the renewable energy shall not be included within KPI of the recipient site if it is already included in the
REN
proportion of "green" energy within the energy mix of the utility (grid) supplied to the NDN as defined in
European standards or other international schemes;
NOTE: Any proportion in the mix of utility electricity supplies certified as "renewable" (e.g. based on the carbon
footprint of the energy source) by electricity suppliers or in accordance with nationally recognized
schemes is not recognized by the present document.
• the portion of such energy allocated to the recipient NDN added to other NDN consumptions shall not exceed
the overall energy consumption by the NDN.
ETSI
17 ETSI TS 105 200-2-3 V1.2.1 (2019-12)
5 Collection of data
5.1 General
The data collection provides the input for KPI calculation. Data are obtained from different sources at the sites or
equipment comprising the mobile access network as described in clause 4.
This clause describes the origin of the data and the way they could be collected.
It is not within the scope of the present document to provide a detailed view of mobile access network equipment (see
ETSI EN 303 472 [i.1]). However, some basic information is required to allow the calculation of the Objective KPIs.
Information related to energy consumption can be collected from different sources as described in clause 5.2.1.1.
Once the data are collected by the operator, they will have to be stored in a database to be analysed and sorted for
providing the KPIs and help stakeholders in the management and improvement of their energy usage.
A certain level of basic information is required to calculate the different indicators (see clause 4.2.2). Partial
information, or a too high level of extrapolation will not give a realistic view of the energy consumption, KPI , task
EC
efficiency, KPI , and renewable energy usage, KPI . This will also falsify the results of the global indicator KPI .
TE REN EM
Figure 2 is a schematic view of data collection and storage which excludes any contribution of energy provided from
CPs.
Access network
Backhaul (transport)
BS site R
BS
OS
NDN NDN
BS site
NDN
BBU RRU
BBU RRU
RRU
BBU
Database
= measurement point
Data
analysis
Reports
Figure 2: Data collection architecture
ETSI
UE UE UE UE
18 ETSI TS 105 200-2-3 V1.2.1 (2019-12)
Figure 3 is a schematic view of the several steps to produce reporting for the KPIs.
Measure Collect Data
Store data Report
on-site information processing
Meters, bills, Data collected, Data stored in Data sorted
other methods centralized and database and analyzed
transferred to a to produce the
central KPI
management
system
Figure 3: Data processing and reporting architecture
Clause 7 describes a reporting template for the mobile access network KPIs.
5.2 Estimation of energy consumption and renewable content
5.2.1 Energy consumption
5.2.1.1 Overview
The estimation of the energy consumption is given by the KPI indicator.
EC
For a mobile access network, composed of thousands of remote sites, the KPI for the global access network will be
EC
the arithmetic sum of all KPI , estimated or measured, for each site (OS or NDN). This is the same for the objective
EC
KPI . For example, KPI will be the quantity of renewable energy which is locally generated at all the sites which
REN REN
are fully or for a part-powered with renewable energy (solar, wind or other).
NOTE 1: Any proportion in the mix of utility electricity supplies certified as "renewable" (e.g. based on the carbon
footprint of the energy source) by electricity suppliers or in accordance with nationally recognized
schemes is not recognized by the present document.
Figure 4 is a schematic from ETSI EN 305 200-2-3 [2] which has been modified to include the concept of powering of
sites from CPs.
Schematic of EN 305 200-2-3
Access network boundary
Powering
from CP
OS
NDN BS
Non-renewable Non-renewable
Other NTE NTE NTE
Renewable Renewable
Other* Other*
Remote provision Remote provision
* This allows for the inclusion of supporting
infrastructures if all the NTE at the remote
site is under common governance
Energy Energy
Figure 4: Schematic of mobile access network energy consumption
ETSI
Non-renewable
Renewable
Non-renewable
Renewable
19 ETSI TS 105 200-2-3 V1.2.1 (2019-12)
For an MNO, the large number of sites make it difficult to collect the data to estimate their individual site consumption
and efficiency since the deployment of a smart metering solution on each site is very costly.
This clause describes the origin of the data giving some elements in order to evaluate the energy consumption.
For the energy use, data can be collected from different sources such as:
• energy bills from the electricity/gas/fuel supplier (see clause 5.2.1.2);
• proprietary meters installed on sites at different levels in the access network (see clause 5.2.1.3);
NOTE 2: This solution ideally enables full coverage of all sites but the complexity and costs of monitoring the
many thousands of sites in a typical mobile access network often force the MNO to only cover a sample
of the sites.
• estimation by the MNO, based on samples of typical access network sites (see clause 5.2.1.3). However, this
will reflect an approximate view of the energy consumption and usage;
• the equipment itself, if it is equipped with the appropriate mechanism to record data on energy consumption
(see clause 5.2.1.4). All equipment at the site, including that for the ancillary services, has to be equipped with
such features.
The MNO has to provide the consumptions related to the different points of measurement, for all sites or equipment
connected to the grid, and for the renewable part, the global amount of energy generated by the production source.
The information detailed above is meaningful only for dedicated ICT sites since supporting infrastructure consumption
is included for KPI in such locations. Clause 5.2.1.5 addresses network and location sharing.
EC
5.2.1.2 Energy bills
Most sites connected to the grid are equipped with a meter provided by the electricity supplier. This meter allows the
supplier to collect (manually or automatically) the energy consumed during a certain period (typically monthly). The
collected information on the consumption are used by the supplier to invoice the customer. The collection, storage and
analysis of information given by the bill is generally made by MNO and provides a clear and dependable view of the
entire energy consumption of all sites which are connected to the grid.
Similarly, if the site produces energy based on renewable sources and feeds energy to the electricity supplier, this will
be separately recorded by the meter used for the Feed-in Tariff. Clause 4.2.2.3.2 specifies how such renewable energy
may be included in KPI at other sites under c
...