ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)

Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Air Interface for S-band Mobile Interactive Multimedia (S-MIM); Part 4: Physical Layer Specification, Return Link Synchronous Access

RTS/SES-00336

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 07-Aug-2013
• Technical Committee: SES SCN - Satellite Communications and Navigation
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 12-Aug-2013
• Completion Date: 08-Aug-2013
• Mandate: M/496

Standards Content (Sample)

Technical Specification
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Air Interface for S-band Mobile Interactive Multimedia (S-MIM);
Part 4: Physical Layer Specification,
Return Link Synchronous Access

2 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)

Reference
RTS/SES-00336
Keywords
MSS, satellite
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ETSI
3 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Symbols . 7
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 General Description . 8
4.1 Relationship to other layers . 9
4.1.1 General Protocol Architecture . 9
4.1.2 Services provided to higher layers . 10
4.2 Transmitter functional architecture . 11
4.3 Channel description . 11
4.3.1 Transport channels . 11
4.3.1.1 Transport-to-Physical Channel Mapping . 11
4.3.2 Physical channels . 11
4.3.2.1 Random Access Channels . 12
4.3.2.2 Dedicated physical channels . 12
4.3.3 Radio channels . 12
5 Physical Channel Structure . 12
5.1 Random Access Channel Structure . 12
5.1.1 PDRACH structure . 12
5.1.2 PCRACH structure . 13
5.1.3 Preamble format . 14
5.2 Dedicated Channel Structure . 14
5.2.1 DPDCH structure . 14
5.2.2 DMPDCH and DMPCCH structure . 16
6 Channel Coding and Interleaving . 18
6.1 Channel Coding . 18
6.1.1 PDRACH channel coding . 18
6.1.2 DPDCH and DMPDCH channel coding . 19
6.1.2.1 Puncturing pattern . 19
6.2 Channel Interleaving . 19
7 Spreading and Modulation . 20
7.1 Spreading . 20
7.1.1 PDRACH and PCRACH spreading . 20
7.1.2 DPDCH spreading . 21
7.1.3 DMPDCH and DMPCCH spreading . 22
7.1.4 Channelisation code generation . 23
7.1.5 Scrambling codes generation . 24
7.2 Modulation and Pulse Shaping . 25
8 Radio Transmission . 26
8.1 Frequency bands and channel arrangement . 26
8.2 Stability and accuracy requirements . 26
8.2.1 Frequency and symbol timing stability and accuracy . 26
8.2.2 Time alignment accuracy . 27
8.2.3 Power stability and accuracy . 27
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4 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)
8.3 Transmitter characteristics. 27
8.3.1 Power output characteristics and power class . 27
8.3.2 Transmit polarization . 27
8.3.3 Unwanted Emissions. 27
8.4 Power Control . 27
8.4.1 Open-loop Power Control for RACH . 29
8.4.2 Closed-loop Power Control for RACH . 30
9 Synchronisation . 30
9.1 General description of synchronisation system . 30
9.2 Terminal requirements . 31
9.3 Synchronisation procedures. 31
9.3.1 Overall events sequencing . 31
9.3.2 FWD link synchronisation procedure . 34
9.3.3 Logon procedure . 34
9.3.4 Capacity request procedure . 35
9.3.5 Synchronisation maintenance procedure . 36
9.3.6 Logoff procedure . 37
9.3.7 Transmission disable. 37
10 Physical layer measurements . 37
History . 38

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5 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth Stations and
Systems (SES).
The present document is part 4 of a multi-part deliverable. Full details of the entire series can be found in part 1 [1].
Introduction
The S-MIM system specified herein is designed to provide:
• interactive mobile broadcast services enhancing DVB-SH services;
• messaging services for handhelds and vehicular terminals, capable of serving millions of terminals due to a
novel optimised air-interface in the RTN link;
• real-time emergency services such as voice and file transfer, mainly addressing institutional users on-the-move
such as fire brigades, civil protection, etc.
Inside the S-band, the 2 GHz MSS band is of particular interest for interactive multimedia, since it allows two-way
transmission. Typically, the DVB-SH standard [i.4] is applied for broadcast transmission; ESDR [i.2] or
DVB-NGH [i.5] standards are other alternatives. Essential requirements under the R&TTE directive are covered by the
harmonized standard EN 302 574-1 [i.3], [i.6] and [i.7].
The technology applied has been developed in the framework of the ESA funded project "DENISE" (ESTEC/Contract
Number 22439/09/NL/US).
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6 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the S-MIM (S-band Mobile Interactive Multimedia) system in which a standardised
S-band satellite mobile broadcast system is complemented by the addition of a return channel.
The present document is part 4 of a multipart deliverable and concerns aspects of the air interface for the S-band Mobile
Interactive Multimedia (S-MIM) system, and in particular it specifies the Physical Layer REturn Link for Synchronous
Access.
The other parts are listed in the foreword of part 1 [1].
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI TS 102 721-1: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Air Interface for S-band Mobile
Interactive Multimedia (S-MIM); Part 1: General System Architecture and Configurations".
[2] ETSI TS 102 721-6: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Air Interface for S-band Mobile
Interactive Multimedia (S-MIM); Part 6: Protocol Specifications, System Signalling".
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] "Bandlimited Quasi-Synchronous CDMA: A Novel Satellite Access Technique for Mobile and
Personal Communications Systems". R. De Gaudenzi, C. Elia, R. Viola, 1992. IEEE Journal on
Selected Areas in Communications.
[i.2] ETSI EN 302 550 (all parts): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite Digital Radio
(SDR) Systems".
[i.3] ETSI EN 302 574-1: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized standard for
satellite earth stations for MSS operating in the 1 980 MHz to 2 010 MHz (earth-to-space) and
2 170 MHz to 2 200 MHz (space-to-earth) frequency bands; Part 1: Complementary Ground
Component (CGC) for wideband systems: Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of
article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
[i.4] ETSI TS 102 585: "Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB); System Specifications for Satellite
services to Handheld devices (SH) below 3 GHz".
[i.5] DVB BlueBook A160: "Next Generation broadcasting system to Handheld, physical layer
specification (DVB-NGH)".
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7 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)
[i.6] ETSI EN 302 574-2: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized standard for
satellite earth stations for MSS operating in the 1 980 MHz to 2 010 MHz (earth-to-space) and
2 170 MHz to 2 200 MHz (space-to-earth) frequency bands; Part 2: User Equipment (UE) for
wideband systems: Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the
R&TTE Directive".
[i.7] ETSI EN 302 574-3: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Harmonized standard for
satellite earth stations for MSS operating in the 1 980 MHz to 2 010 MHz (earth-to-space) and
2 170 MHz to 2 200 MHz (space-to-earth) frequency bands; Part 3: User Equipment (UE) for
narrowband systems: Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the
R&TTE Directive".
[i.8] ETSI TS 125 212: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Multiplexing and
channel coding (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.212)".
[i.9] ETSI TS 125 213: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Spreading and
modulation (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.213)".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
2 GHz MSS band: 1 980 MHz to 2 010 MHz (earth-to-space) and 2 170 MHz to 2 200 MHz (space-to-earth) frequency
bands
NOTE: These paired bands are assigned to MSS.
architecture: abstract representation of a communications system
NOTE: Three complementary types of architecture are defined:
� Functional Architecture: the discrete functional elements of the system and the associated logical
interfaces.
� Network Architecture: the discrete physical (network) elements of the system and the associated
physical interfaces.
� Protocol Architecture: the protocol stacks involved in the operation of the system and the
associated peering relationships.
S-band: equivalent to 2 GHz MSS band
user plane: plane that has a layered structure and provides user information transfer, along with associated controls
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
E Received energy per information (payload) bit
b
E Received energy per (channel) symbol
s
I Single-sided interference power spectral density
N Single-sided noise power spectral density
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8 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
C number of Columns
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CGC Complementary Ground Component
CMF Control and Monitoring Functions
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
CW CodeWord
DAMA Dynamic Assignment Multiple Access
DCH Dedicated Channel
DMPCCH Dedicated Mobile Physical Control Channel
DMPDCH Dedicated Mobile Physical Data CHannel
DPDCH Dedicated Physical Data CHannel
DVB-SH Ddigital Video Broadcasting, Satellites services to Handhelds
DW DataWord
EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
ESDR ETSI Satellite Digital Radio
FEC Forward Error Correction
FWD Forward
LHCP Left-Hand Circular Polarization
MAC Medium Access Control
ML Maximal Length
MSS Mobile Satellite Services
OVSF Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor
PCCC Parallel Concatenated Convolutional Code
PCRACH Physical Control Random Access Channel
PDRACH Physical Data Random Access CHannel
PHY Physical Layer
QPSK Quadrature Phase Shift Keying
QS-CDMA Quasi-Synchronous CDMA
QSCM QS-CDMA Configuration Messages
QSCT QS-CDMA Configuration Table
QSDT QS-CDMA Dynamic Table
QSPCT QS-CDMA Power Correction Table
RACH Random Access CHannel
RF Radio Frequency
RHCP Right-Hand Circular Polarization
RL Return-Link
RMS Root Mean Square
RTN Return
Rx Receive
SAP Service Access Point
SF Spreading Factor
S-MIM S-band Mobile Interactive Multimedia
SNIR Signal to Noise plus Interference Ratio
SSA Spread Spectrum Aloha
Tx Transmit
UE User Equipment
ULB Up-Link Burst
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
4 General Description
The present document specifies the physical layer for the Synchronous Access option of the Return Link using the
Quasi-Synchronous CDMA (QS-CDMA) technique [i.1].
The present document covers the Return-Link (RL) satellite transmission.
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9 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)
S-MIM quasi-synchronous access is intended for real-time emergency services since:
• it maximises the number of simultaneous connections without the need for complex interference cancellation
techniques; and
• it provides a good solution to return link band-sharing with S-MIM Asynchronous access (SSA for interactive
messaging) due to the spread spectrum characteristic of both transmission schemes.
4.1 Relationship to other layers
4.1.1 General Protocol Architecture
The overall protocol architecture for the return link of S-MIM synchronous access is shown in Figure 4.1.
USER PLANE CONTROL PLANE MANAGEMENT PLANE
n
o
e i
t t
i
a Subscriber Service
u
c
s i
l
Management Protection
p
P
I p
A
P
Network /
C
T Traffic
/
P Terminal
I
P
Monitoring
D Management
U
Header
C
Header
L
NCC BCC Signalling
Compression
R
Compression
Management
Control
r
e
y
a
L
CAC/DAMA
Encapsulation & Mobility
k
RLE
n Management
i
Management
Addressing
L
C
A
M
LL Encryption
Encryption (LL)
EC NEC
Control
Modulation & Sync & Power
DCH
RACH
Y
H Control
Transmission
P
PDRACH DPDCH DMPDCH DMPCCH
PCRACH
Figure 4.1: Protocol Architecture for the Synchronous Return Link
The circles between different layer/sub-layers indicate Service Access Points (SAPs).
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10 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)
The MAC offers different Logical channels to the higher layer. A logical channel is characterized by the type of
information transferred. The physical layer has an interface to, and offers Transport channels to, the Medium Access
Control (MAC) sub-layer. A transport channel is characterized by how, and with which characteristics, the information
is transferred over the radio interface. Physical channels are defined in the physical layer and are characterized by the
physical resources (time, frequency, code, and space) that are used to transport data/control/signalling to/from a single
user or a multitude of users.
The present document is concerned with the Physical Layer.
4.1.2 Services provided to higher layers
The physical layer offers data transport services to higher layers. The access to these services is through the use of
transport channels via the MAC sub-layer. The physical layer is expected to perform the following functions in order to
provide the data transport service:
• Error detection on transport channels and indication to higher layers.
• FEC encoding/decoding of transport channels.
• Multiplexing of transport channels and demultiplexing of coded composite transport channels.
• Mapping of coded transport channels on physical data channels.
• Power weighting and combining of physical channels.
• Modulation and spreading/demodulation and de-spreading of physical channels.
• Frequency and time (chip, bit, burst) synchronisation.
• Radio characteristics measurements and indication to higher layers (for further study).
• RF processing.
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11 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)
4.2 Transmitter functional architecture
In the transmission direction Physical Layer functional block diagram is shown in Figure 4.2.

Figure 4.2: Transmitter Functional Block Diagram
4.3 Channel description
4.3.1 Transport channels
Two transport channels are defined, namely:
• A Random Access Channel (RACH), characterized by limited size data field, a collision risk and by the use of
open loop power control, used to convey system specific signalling whenever no dedicated channel is
available, e.g. at terminal logon. The RACH has a fixed burst length of 416 bits.
• A Dedicated Channel (DCH). DCHs are assigned to the different terminals through a DAMA protocol and are
used to convey both data traffic and system specific signalling. The DCH has variable packet length of
952 bits, 1 976 bits or 4 024 bits for fixed terminals and of 968 bits, 1 992 bits, 4 040 bits or 8 128 bits for
mobile terminals.
4.3.1.1 Transport-to-Physical Channel Mapping
The RACH channel is mapped onto the PDRACH (see clause 5.1.1).
The DCH is mapped onto the DPDCH for stationary terminals (see clause 5.2.1) and onto the DMPDCH for mobile
terminals (see clause 5.2.2).
4.3.2 Physical channels
Up to five physical channels are defined, namely:
1) a Physical Data Random Access Channel (PDRACH), mapped to the RACH;
2) a Physical Control Random Access Channel (PCRACH), carrying pilot symbols;
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12 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)
3) a Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH), mapped to DCH for stationary terminals;
4) a Dedicated Mobile Physical Data Channel (DMPDCH), mapped to DCH for mobile terminals;
5) a Dedicated Mobile Physical Control Channel (DMPCCH), carrying pilot symbols.
4.3.2.1 Random Access Channels
The PDRACH and the PCRACH are I/Q code multiplexed to form an Up-Link Burst (ULB), composed of three parts
(Figure 4.3):
• a preamble;
• a Physical Data Random Access Channel (PDRACH);
• a Physical Control Random Access Channel (PCRACH).
The preamble is transmitted before the start of the PDRACH and PCRACH.

Figure 4.3: The Up-Link Burst and its constituent parts
4.3.2.2 Dedicated physical channels
Dedicated physical channels (DPDCH, DMPDCH, DMPCCH), assigned to different users and sharing the same radio
channels are kept orthogonal to each other by use of orthogonal spreading codes. The DMPDCH and DMPCCH are
I/Q code multiplexed together.
4.3.3 Radio channels
The following channelisations shall be supported by all terminals:
• 5 MHz bandwidth channels (baseline);
• 625 kHz bandwidth channels;
• 312,5 kHz bandwidth channels.
5 Physical Channel Structure
5.1 Random Access Channel Structure
The PDRACH and the PCRACH are I/Q code multiplexed to form an Up-Link Burst (ULB), to which is added the
preamble (see Figure 4.3).
5.1.1 PDRACH structure
The PDRACH is composed of one or more frames, where each frame of 1 536 bits is composed (as illustrated in
Figure 5.1) as follows:
• UW: 36-bits uncoded Unique Word. The word is 0xBDC686ECB (1011-1101-1100-0110-1000-0110-1110-
1100-1011). The leftmost bit is transmitted first.
• Coded data: 1 500-bit codeword (CW) built from channel encoding the 496-bit dataword (DW) (as detailed in
clause 6.1).
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13 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)

Figure 5.1: PDRACH frame structure
The content of the PDRACH dataword is shown in Figure 5.2.

Figure 5.2: PDRACH dataword
The 496-bit dataword consists of three parts:
• PDRACH Header: 64-bit header:
- MAC_addr: 48-bit MAC address.
- Frame_counter: 4-bit frame counter starting from 0.
- Total_frames: 4-bit field used to compute the total number of frames. The total number of frames is
Total_frames + 1. This parameter is not signalled in the forward link. The terminal updates this field on a
bust-by-burst basis taking into account the number of required frames.
- RFU: 8-bit field reserved for future use.
• PDRACH Payload: 416-bit field carrying the RACH data.
• CRC: 16-bit CRC computed on the PDRACH Header and PDRACH Payload bits. The following polynomial
16 15 2
is used: g (X) = X + X + X + 1.
CRC
The set of allowed parameters of the PDRACH is reported in Table 5.1. The configuration is uniquely determined by
the chip rate, i.e. by the RF channel width.
Table 5.1: Allowed PDRACH configurations
PDRACH Chip rate Symbol rate Coding
SF
Configuration ID (kchip/s) (kbauds) scheme
CR -PDRACH 4 096 256 16 TC 1/3
4 096
CR - PDRACH 512 32 16 TC 1/3
CR - PDRACH 256 16 16 TC 1/3
5.1.2 PCRACH structure
The PCRACH is composed of a sequence of pilot symbols, which is a segment of a Maximal Length (ML) sequence.
The polynomial for the pseudo-random binary sequence generator is:
15 14
G(X) = X + X + 1
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14 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)
The shift register generating the sequence is loaded with a given value PF . The shift register shall be reset to PF at
seed seed
the start of each PDRACH frame. Thus, the first bit at the output of the generator corresponds to the first pilot symbol
in a frame.
The value PF shall be broadcast by the Hub within the QSCT table defined in TS 102 721-6 [2].
seed
The pilot symbol generator is shown in Figure 5.3.
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0
XOR
Output
Figure 5.3: Pilot symbols generator
5.1.3 Preamble format
The preamble is composed of a sequence of N symbols, which is repeated in both in-phase and quadrature components.
p
The sequence of symbols is a segment of a Maximal Length (ML) sequence. The polynomial for the pseudo-random
binary sequence generator is:
10 7
G(X) = X + X + 1
The shift register generating the sequence is loaded with an initial value P . The first bit at the output of the generator
seed
corresponds to the first symbol in the preamble.
The value P and the number of symbols N of the preamble shall be broadcast by the Hub within the QSCT table in
seed p
TS 102 721-6 [2].
The preamble generator is shown in Figure 5.4.

Figure 5.4: Up-Link Burst Preamble generator
5.2 Dedicated Channel Structure
5.2.1 DPDCH structure
The DPDCH is structured in frames as it is illustrated in Figure 5.5.
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15 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)

Figure 5.5: DPDCH frame structure
Three different frame lengths (1 024 bits, 2 048 bits and 4 096 bits) are defined. Each frame is composed of two fields:
• UW: 34-bits uncoded Unique Word. The word is 0x3DE8B6230 (11-1101-1110-1000-1011-0110-0010-0011-
0000). The leftmost bit is transmitted first.
• Coded data: variable size codeword (CW) built from channel encoding a DPDCH dataword (as detailed in
clause 6.1) according to Table 5.2.
The content of the DPDCH dataword is shown in Figure 5.6.

Figure 5.6: DPDCH dataword
The DPDCH dataword consists of three parts:
• DPDCH Header: 16-bit header:
- Frame_counter: 8-bit frame counter.
- RFU: 8-bit field reserved for future use.
• DPDCH Payload: field carrying the DCH data.
• CRC: 16-bit CRC computed on the PHY Header and PHY Payload fields. The following polynomial is used:
16 15 2
g (X) = X + X + X + 1.
CRC
DPDCH frames specification is shown in Table 5.2. The frame configuration is uniquely determined by its symbol rate.
Table 5.2: DPDCH frame specification
DPDCH net bit
Symbol rate Frame length Frame period Codeword Dataword DPDCH payload
rate
(kbauds) (symbols) (ms) (bits) (bits) (bits)
(kbit/s)
16 1 024 64 1 980 984 952 14,875
32 1 024 32 1 980 984 952 29,75
64 2 048 32 4 028 2 008 1 976 61,75
128 2 048 16 4 028 2 008 1 976 123,5
256 4 096 16 8 124 4 056 4 024 251,5
512 4 096 8 8 124 4 056 4 024 503

The set of allowed parameters of the DPDCH is reported in Table 5.3. The configuration is uniquely determined by the
chip rate, i.e. by the RF channel width, and by the selected spreading factor.
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16 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)
Table 5.3: DPDCH channel definition
DPDCH Configuration Chip rate Symbol rate Coding
SF
ID (kchip/s) (kbauds) scheme
CR -SF -DPDCH 4 096 256 16 TC 1/2
4096 256
CR -SF -DPDCH 4 096 128 32 TC 1/2
4096 128
CR -SF -DPDCH 4 096 64 64 TC 1/2
4096 64
CR -SF-DPDCH 4 096 32 128 TC 1/2
4096 32
CR -SF-DPDCH 4 096 16 256 TC 1/2
4096 16
CR -SF -DPDCH 4 096 8 512 TC 1/2
4096 8
CR -SF-DPDCH 512 32 16 TC 1/2
512 32
CR -SF-DPDCH 512 16 32 TC 1/2
512 16
CR -SF-DPDCH 512 8 64 TC 1/2
512 8
CR -SF-DPDCH 512 4 128 TC 1/2
512 4
CR -SF-DPDCH 256 16 16 TC 1/2
256 16
CR -SF-DPDCH 256 8 32 TC 1/2
256 8
CR -SF-DPDCH 256 4 64 TC 1/2
256 4
5.2.2 DMPDCH and DMPCCH structure
The DMPDCH and DMPCCH are I/Q code multiplexed to form frames with a fixed period of 128 ms, as illustrated in
Figure 5.7.
Figure 5.7: DMPDCH and DMPCCH frame structure
Each frame is thus composed of two parts:
• A Dedicated Mobile Physical Data Channel (DMPDCH), uniquely determined by its chip rate and spreading
factor as detailed in Table 5.5.
• The Dedicated Mobile Physical Control Channel (DMPCCH), determined by the chip rate of the DMPDCH,
carrying pilot symbols generated in the same way described in clause 5.1.2. The spreading factor shall be 256,
32 and 16 for the three channelisations available (5 MHz, 625 kHz and 312,5 kHz).
The DMPDCH frame is composed of two fields as illustrated in Figure 5.8.

Figure 5.8: DMPDCH frame structure
The DMPDCH frame consists of:
• UW: 36- or 40-bits uncoded Unique Word:
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17 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)
- The 36-bits word is 0xBDC686ECB (1011-1101-1100-0110-1000-0110-1110-1100-1011). The leftmost
bit is transmitted first.
- The 40-bits word is 0x8FA2ED7BC9 (1000-1111-1010-0010-1110-1101-0111-1011-1100-1001). The
leftmost bit is transmitted first.
• Coded data: variable size codeword (CW) built from channel encoding a DMPDCH datawords (as detailed in
clause 6.1) according to Table 5.4.
The content of the DMPDCH dataword is shown in Figure 5.9.

Figure 5.9: DMPDCH dataword
The DMPDCH dataword consists of three parts:
• DMPDCH Header: 16-bit header:
- Frame_counter: 8-bit frame counter.
- RFU: 8-bit field reserved for future use.
• DMPDCH Payload: field carrying the DCH data.
• CRC: 16-bit CRC computed on the DMPDCH Header and DMPDCH Payload fields. The following
16 15 2
polynomial is used: g (X) = X + X + X + 1.
CRC
The DMPDCH frame specification is shown in Table 5.4. The frame configuration is uniquely determined by its symbol
rate.
Table 5.4: DMPDCH frame specification
Symbol Frame Frame DMPDCH DMPDCH
UW length Codeword Dataword
rate length period payload net bit rate
(symbols) (bits) (bits)
(kbauds) (symbols) (ms) (bits) (kbit/s)
16 2 048 128 36 2 012 1 000 968 7,5625
32 4 096 128 36 4 060 2 024 1 992 15,5625
64 8 192 128 36 8 156 4 072 4 040 31,5625
128 16 384 128 40 2 x 8 172 2 x 4 080 8 128 63,5

The set of allowed parameters of the DPDCH is reported in Table 5.5. The configuration is uniquely determined by the
chip rate, i.e. by the RF channel width, and by the selected spreading factor.
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18 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)
Table 5.5: DMPDCH channel definition
DMPDCH Chip rate Symbol rate Coding
SF
Configuration ID (kchip/s) (kbauds) scheme
CR -SF -DMPDCH 4 096 256 16 TC 1/2
4096 256
CR -SF -DMPDCH 4 096 128 32 TC 1/2
4096 128
CR -SF -DMPDCH 4 096 64 64 TC 1/2
4096 64
CR -SF -DMPDCH 4 096 32 128 TC 1/2
4096 32
CR -SF-DMPDCH 512 32 16 TC 1/2
512 32
CR -SF-DMPDCH 512 16 32 TC 1/2
512 16
CR -SF-DMPDCH 512 8 64 TC 1/2
512 8
CR -SF-DMPDCH 512 4 128 TC 1/2
512 4
CR -SF-DMPDCH 256 16 16 TC 1/2
256 16
CR -SF-DMPDCH 256 8 32 TC 1/2
256 8
CR -SF-DMPDCH 256 4 64 TC 1/2
256 4
6 Channel Coding and Interleaving
6.1 Channel Coding
Channel coding is performed differently for:
1) PDRACH.
2) DPDCH and DMPDCH.
6.1.1 PDRACH channel coding
The PDRACH employs the same turbo-coding scheme as the 3GPP WCDMA standard [i.8], of coding rate 1/3.
As illustrated in Figure 6.1, the Turbo-coder is a Parallel Concatenated Convolutional Code (PCCC) with two 8-state
constituent encoders and one Turbo code internal interleaver.
x
k
1st constituent encoder
z
k
x
k
Input D D D
Output
Input
Turbo code
internal interleaver
2nd constituent encoder
Output
z’
k
D
D D
x’
k
x’
k
Figure 6.1: Structure of rate 1/3 Turbo-coder (dotted lines apply for trellis termination only)
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19 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)
6.1.2 DPDCH and DMPDCH channel coding
The coding scheme for DPDCH and DMPDCH is based on the coding scheme used by the PDRACH defined above,
but a final puncturing stage is added in order to reduce the coding rate from 1/3 to 1/2.
6.1.2.1 Puncturing pattern
The code used is systematic, which means that only parity bits (z or z' ) are punctured, whereas the input bits x are
k k k
kept. The puncturing pattern is defined in Table 6.1, where '1' means that the bit is transmitted and '0' means that it is
punctured.
Table 6.1: Puncturing pattern for coding rate 1/2
k k+1
Systematic bit x 1 1
k
Parity bit z 1 0
k
Parity bit z'
k 0 1
Puncturing is only applied on information bits, preserving tail bits.
6.2 Channel Interleaving
Coded bits are interleaved before spreading and modulation. The interleaving is only applied to:
• PDRACH (all terminals)
• DMPDCH (mobile terminals only)
The interleaver acts over the coded bits of each individual frame, not including the UW. Thus, the resulting interleaving
depths are 93,75 ms for the PDRACH and slightly less than 128 ms for the DMPDCH, depending on the frame and UW
lengths specified in Table 5.4.
nd
The following channel interleaver specification is based on the 2 interleaving stage defined for 3GPP [i.8].
The channel interleaver is a block interleaver and consists of bits input to a matrix with padding, the inter-column
permutation for the matrix and bits output from the matrix with pruning. The bits input to the block interleaver are
denoted by u , u , u , …, u , where U is the number of bits in one radio frame. The output bit sequence from the block
1 2 3 U
interleaver is derived as follows:
1) Select the number of columns of the matrix C from Table 6.2. The columns of the matrix are numbered
0, 1, 2, …, C - 1 from left to right.
2) Determine the number of rows of the matrix, R, by finding minimum integer R such that:
U ≤ R x C.
The rows of rectangular matrix are numbered 0, 1, 2, …, R - 1 from top to bottom.
3) Write the input bit sequence u , u , u , …, u into the R x C matrix row by row starting with bit y in column 0
1 2 3 U 1
of row 0:
y y y K
⎡ y ⎤
1 2 3
C
⎢ ⎥
y y y K
y
(C+1) (C+2) (C+3)
2C
⎢ ⎥
M M M K
M
⎢ ⎥
y y y K
y
⎢ ⎥
((R−1)C+1) ((R−1)C+2) ((R−1)C+3)
RC
⎣ ⎦
where y = u for k = 1, 2, …, U and if R x C > U, the dummy bits are padded such that y = 0 or 1 for
k k k
k = U + 1, U + 2, …, R x C. These dummy bits are pruned away from the output of the rectangular matrix after
the inter-column permutation.
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20 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)
4) Perform the inter-column permutation for the matrix based on the pattern P()j that is shown in
j∈{}0,1,.,C−1
Table 6.2, where P(j) is the original column position of the j-th permuted column. After permutation of the
columns, the bits are denoted by y' .
k
y' y' y' K y'
⎡ ⎤
1 (R+1) (2R+1) ((C−1)R+1)
⎢ ⎥
y' y' y' K y'
2 (R+2) (2R+2) ((C−1)R+2)
⎢ ⎥
M M M K M
⎢ ⎥
y' y' y' K y'
⎢ ⎥
⎣ R 2R 3R CR ⎦
5) The output of the block interleaver is the bit sequence read out column by column from the inter-column
permuted R x C matrix. The output is pruned by deleting dummy bits that were padded to the input of the
matrix before inter-column permutation, i.e. bits y' that correspond to bits y with k > U are removed from the
k k
output. The bits after interleaving are denoted by v , v , …, v , where v corresponds to the bit y' with the
1 2 U 1 k
smallest index k after pruning, v to the bit y' with the second smallest index k after pruning, and so on.
2 k
Table 6.2: Inter-column permutation patterns for channel interleaving
Turbo-coder Number of Inter-column permutation pattern
coding rate columns C < P(0), P(1), …, P(C-1) >
<0, 20, 10, 5, 15, 25, 3, 13, 23, 8, 18, 28, 1, 11, 21, 6, 16, 26, 4,
1/3 30
14, 24, 19, 9, 29,12, 2, 7, 22, 27, 17>
1/2 16 <0, 8, 4, 12, 2, 10, 6, 14, 1, 9, 5, 13, 3, 11, 7, 15>

7 Spreading and Modulation
7.1 Spreading
The adopted spreading scheme is based on 3GPP [i.9]; any differences are described.
Spreading is applied to all physical channels. It consists of two operations. The first is the channelisation operation,
which transforms every data symbol into a number of chips, thus increasing the bandwidth of the signal. The number of
chips per data symbol is called the Spreading Factor (SF). The second operation is the scrambling operation, where a
scrambling code is applied to the spread signal.
With the channelisation, data symbol on so-called I- and Q-branches are independently multiplied with an OVSF code.
With the scrambling operation, the resultant signals on the I and Q-branches are further multiplied by a complex-valued
scrambling code.
7.1.1 PDRACH and PCRACH spreading
Figure 7.1 illustrates the principle of the spreading and scrambling of the PDRACH and PCRACH, or data and pilot
parts respectively. The binary data and pilot parts to be spread are represented by real-valued sequences, i.e. the binary
value "0" is mapped to the real value +1, while the binary value "1" is mapped to the real value -1. PDRACH and
PCRACH are spread to the chip rate by the channelisation codes C and C , respectively.
ch,i ch,q
ETSI
21 ETSI TS 102 721-4 V1.2.1 (2013-08)

Figure 7.1: PDRACH and PCRACH spreading scheme
After channelisation, the stream of real-valued chips on the I and Q-branches are treated as a complex-valued stream of
chips. This complex-valued signal is then scrambled by the complex-valued scrambling code C . The scrambling
scramb
code is applied aligned with the PDRACH and PCRACH frames.
Channelisation and scrambling codes are broadcast in the QS-CDMA Configuration Table (QSCT), see
TS 102 721-6 [2].
7.1.2 DPDCH spreading
Figure 7.2 illustrates the principle of the spreading and scrambling for the DPDCH. The binary data to be spread are
represented by real-valued sequ
...