ETSI TR 103 885 V1.1.2 (2023-06)

Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Feasibility study on existing spectrum sharing frameworks for temporary and flexible spectrum access

RTR/RRS-0158

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Technical Committee: RRS 1 - RRS System Aspects & Cognitive functionalities
• Current Stage: 12 - Citation in the OJ (auto-insert)
• Due Date: 29-Jun-2023
• Completion Date: 06-Jun-2023

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL REPORT
Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS);
Feasibility study on existing spectrum sharing frameworks
for temporary and flexible spectrum access

2 ETSI TR 103 885 V1.1.2 (2023-06)

Reference
RTR/RRS-0158
Keywords
coexistence, coordination, local, network, private,
sharing
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ETSI
3 ETSI TR 103 885 V1.1.2 (2023-06)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Executive summary . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 10
3.1 Terms . 10
3.2 Symbols . 10
3.3 Abbreviations . 11
4 Use cases and their characteristics . 13
4.1 Introduction . 13
4.2 Audio Programme Making & Special Events (audio PMSE) . 14
4.3 E-Health . 15
4.4 Wireless industrial automation . 17
4.5 Public Protection & Disaster Relief (PPDR) . 18
4.6 Intelligent Transport Systems . 19
4.7 Car test track . 20
4.8 Drone control and payload . 21
4.9 Minimum parameter set extracted from all use cases . 22
5 Introduction to existing frameworks for spectrum sharing . 23
5.1 Licensed Shared Access/evolved Licensed Shared Access . 23
5.1.1 LSA . 23
5.1.2 eLSA . 25
5.2 TV White Space . 27
5.3 Shared spectrum framework for audio PMSE . 28
5.4 Procedures for National Local Licensing (NLL) . 29
5.5 Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) . 32
5.6 Access schemes of Intelligent Transport System (ITS) in 5,9 GHz . 33
5.7 Listen Before Talk (LBT) . 33
5.8 Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) . 34
5.8.1 Introduction to CBRS . 34
5.8.2 SAS Functional Architecture and Protocols . 35
5.8.3 Incumbent Protection . 36
5.8.4 Dynamic Protection Area (DPA) . 37
5.8.5 DPA Activation . 37
5.8.6 GAA Coexistence and TDD alignment . 37
5.8.7 CBRS Core Network Architecture . 38
5.8.8 CBRS Standardization . 39
5.8.9 Light Touch Leasing . 39
5.9 Automated Frequency Coordination (AFC) . 39
5.10 Dynamic Channel Selection (DCS) . 40
5.11 Detect And Avoid (DAA) . 41
5.12 Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) . 41
6 Analysis of the existing frameworks . 42
6.1 Introduction . 42
6.2 Evaluation parameters . 42
6.3 Comparison of sharing frameworks . 44
6.4 Evaluation results . 46
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4 ETSI TR 103 885 V1.1.2 (2023-06)
7 Conclusion . 48
Annex A: Audio PMSE utilization of the 3,5 GHz CBRS band . 50
Annex B: 3,8 GHz - 4,2 GHz activities at CEPT . 52
Annex C: Change History . 53
History . 54

ETSI
5 ETSI TR 103 885 V1.1.2 (2023-06)
Intellectual Property Rights
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Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Executive summary
The present document provides information on use cases of vertical sectors with specific characteristics of spectrum
usage and access, such as audio Programme Making & Special Events (audio PMSE), e-health, wireless industrial
automation, Public Protection % Disaster Relief (PPDR), intelligent transport system, car test track, and drone control
and payload, and introduces various spectrum sharing frameworks, including standardized architectures, such as
Licensed Shared Access (LSA), evolved Licensed Shared Access (eLSA), and Citizens Broadband Radio Service
(CBRS), standardized technology specific protocols, e.g. Listen Before Talk, Detect And Avoid, and Dynamic Channel
Selection, and spectrum allocation procedures, such as audio PMSE frameworks and National Local Licensing.
After an extraction of the most challenging use case parameters and a comparison of all sharing frameworks against it,
the present document summarizes the following features which need to be supported by a sharing framework for
temporary and flexible spectrum access:
• ensuring incumbent protection and inter-system coordination between secondary users;
• allowing for usage independent of specific frequency bands and RF technology; and
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6 ETSI TR 103 885 V1.1.2 (2023-06)
• introducing a high degree of flexibility and scalability to adapt to the specifics of the frequency bands,
incumbents and secondary users.
Proposed next steps are to:
1) develop envisaged adjustments for AFC, eLSA and CBRS (adding, removing and/or modifying features); and
2) consider the creation of a SRdoc for spectrum sharing for local private networks.
Introduction
Exclusive spectrum access is the predominant paradigm for spectrum access and guarantees high spectral efficiency and
easy network planification for services requiring constant access to radio spectrum. However, many services only need
access to the medium in specific zones and time slots, leaving spectrum underutilized.
As demand for local private wireless networks increases and regulators have begun to identify frequency bands for
vertical use, appropriate spectrum sharing frameworks need to be adjusted to the specific needs of private networks to
share the spectrum efficiently and to significantly simplify handling for the end user.
Depending on the nature and the characteristics of the local private wireless network, automatic, temporary, and flexible
spectrum access can be a key component for generally efficient spectrum sharing as well as user-friendly operability.
The term "local private wireless network" refers not only to wireless broadband connectivity controlled and managed by
a private organization, but also to a network with special characteristics and a high level of Quality of Service (QoS)
that a public network typically cannot provide. Similar to a public network, a private network needs access to spectrum
but in contrast to public networks it shares the spectrum with e.g. incumbents or other secondary users. It can either use
spectrum that is assigned to a spectrum owner or use unlicensed spectrum. The use of unlicensed spectrum conflicts
with the need for a high level of QoS. Therefore, the present document focuses on access to licensed spectrum for local
private networks. To optimize efficiency of spectrum sharing and support flexibility and high dynamic spectrum
demand, the spectrum access procedure should be automated and reflect the different use case characteristics and levels
of QoS.
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7 ETSI TR 103 885 V1.1.2 (2023-06)
1 Scope
The present study addresses technical approaches for automated spectrum access to support dynamic, temporary, and
flexible spectrum sharing. Existing spectrum sharing frameworks (e.g. Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS),
Licensed Shared Access (LSA), etc.) are evaluated with regard to their suitability for temporary and flexible spectrum
access. To evaluate such suitability, the study identifies and assesses properties and parameters (e.g. for scalable
localized dedicated networks) that need to be considered. It includes a gap analysis to identify possible for spectrum
access for on-demand use cases. This scope includes nomadic deployments.
The applications and use cases described claim a certain, typically high Quality of Service (QoS) but are often limited
in range and differ in the duration of operation which can vary from short-term (e.g. some days to some weeks) to
long-term (e.g. some weeks to some years). Some use cases allow for prior network planning, others demand very
short-term deployment without a prior planning phase.
To support the use cases described, the study evaluates:
• suitability of sharing frameworks for temporary and flexible spectrum access to support ad hoc and on-demand
use cases;
• procedures and functionalities for automated spectrum negotiation, assignment, and application specific QoS
guarantee;
• suitability for the support of scalable localized dedicated networks;
• suitability for the support of fixed, nomadic or mobile deployments; and
• characteristics, system architectures and high-level procedures for spectrum access for use cases described.
If needed, this study proposes evolution and improvement of the existing technical approaches or develops new
technical solutions for spectrum sharing.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ERC Recommendation 25-10 (2016-10): "Frequency Ranges for the Use of Terrestrial Audio and
Video Programme Making and Special Events (PMSE) applications".
[i.2] ERC Recommendation 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[i.3] 3GPP TR 22.826 (V17.2.0):"Study on communication services for critical medical applications
(Release 17)".
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8 ETSI TR 103 885 V1.1.2 (2023-06)
[i.4] Pre-Hospital Ultrasound: Current Indications and Future Perspectives, Zanatta et al.: "International
Journal of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine 2016", 2:019, Volume 2 | Issue 2,
ISSN: 474-3674.
[i.5] ETSI TS 103 154 (V1.1.1): "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); System requirements for
operation of Mobile Broadband Systems in the 2 300 MHz - 2 400 MHz band under Licensed
Shared Access (LSA)".
[i.6] ETSI TS 103 235 (V1.1.1): "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); System architecture and high
level procedures for operation of Licensed Shared Access (LSA) in the 2 300 MHz - 2 400 MHz
band".
[i.7] ETSI TS 103 379 (V1.1.1): "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Information elements and
protocols for the interface between LSA Controller (LC) and LSA Repository (LR) for operation
of Licensed Shared Access (LSA) in the 2 300 MHz - 2 400 MHz band".
[i.8] ECC Report 205 (February 2014): "Licensed Shared Access (LSA)", CEPT WG FM PT53.
[i.9] ECC Report 254 (November 2016): "Operational guidelines for spectrum sharing to support the
implementation of the current ECC framework in the 3600-3800 MHz range".
[i.10] 3GPP TR 32.855 (V14.0.0): "Study on OAM support for Licensed Shared Access (LSA)
(Release 14)".
[i.11] ETSI TS 128 301 (V17.0.0): "LTE; Telecommunication management; Licensed Shared Access
(LSA) Controller (LC) Integration Reference Point (IRP); Requirements (3GPP TS 28.301
version 17.0.0 Release 17)".
[i.12] ETSI TS 128 302 (V17.0.0): "LTE; Telecommunication management; Licensed Shared Access
(LSA) Controller (LC) Integration Reference Point (IRP); Information Service (IS) (3GPP
TS 28.302 version 17.0.0 Release 17)".
[i.13] ETSI TS 128 303 (V17.0.0): "LTE; Telecommunication management; Licensed Shared Access
(LSA) Controller (LC) Integration Reference Point (IRP); Solution Set (SS) definitions (3GPP
TS 28.303 version 17.0.0 Release 17)".
[i.14] ETSI TR 103 588 (V1.1.1): "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); Feasibility study on temporary
spectrum access for local high-quality wireless networks".
[i.15] Report to the European Commission by Pascal Lamy (August 2014): "Report on the results of the
work of the High Level Group on the future use of the UHF band".
[i.16] Report on spectrum requirements for Audio PMSE, by Daniel Künzi, Schweizer Radio und
Fernsehen, 24.03.2022.
[i.17] ETSI EN 301 893: "5 GHz RLAN; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of
article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.18] ETSI EN 300 328: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Wideband
transmission systems; Data transmission equipment operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM band and using
wide band modulation techniques; Harmonized EN covering essential requirements under
article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
[i.19] ETSI EN 301 175-3: "Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT); Common
Interface (CI); Part 3: Medium Access Control (MAC) layer".
[i.20] ETSI TS 103 652-1 (V1.1.1): "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); evolved Licensed Shared
Access (eLSA); Part 1: System requirements".
[i.21] ETSI TS 103 652-2 (V1.1.1): "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); evolved Licensed Shared
Access (eLSA); Part 2: System architecture and high-level procedures".
[i.22] ETSI TS 103 652-3 (V1.1.1): "Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS); evolved Licensed Shared
Access (eLSA); Part 3: Information elements and protocols for the interface between eLSA
Controller (eLC) and eLSA Repository (eLR)".
ETSI
9 ETSI TR 103 885 V1.1.2 (2023-06)
[i.23] ECC Report 186 (January 2013): "Technical and operational requirements for the operation of
white space devices under geo-location approach".
[i.24] ECC Report 159 (January 2011): "Technical and operational requirements for the possible
operation of cognitive radio systems in the "white spaces" of the frequency band 470-694 MHz".
[i.25] ETSI EN 301 598 (V2.2.1): "TV White Space Devices (TVWSD); Wireless Access Systems
operating in the 470 MHz to 694 MHz TV broadcast band; Harmonised Standard for access to
radio spectrum".
[i.26] 47 CFR Part 15 Subpart H White Space Devices.
[i.27] ETSI EN 300 422-1: "Wireless Microphones; Audio PMSE up to 3 GHz; Part 1: Class A
Receivers; Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.28] 3GPP TS 22.104 (V18.3.0): "Service requirements for cyber-physical control applications in
vertical domains (Release 18)".
[i.29] H. Kagermann, W. Wahlster, and J. Helbig: "Recommendations for implementing the strategic
initiative INDUSTRIE 4.0", Final report of the Industrie 4.0 working group, acatech - National
Academy of Science and Engineering", Munich, April 2013.
[i.30] 5G-ACIA white paper: "Integration of 5G with time-sensitive networking for industrial
communications", November 2019.
[i.31] Wollschlaeger, M., Sauter, T., and Jasperneite, J.: "The future of industrial communication:
automation networks in the era of the Internet of Things and Industry 4.0" in IEEE Industrial
Electronics Magazine, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 17-27, March 2017.
[i.32] 3GPP RP-222616: "Revised SID on Study on expanded and improved NR positioning".
[i.33] 3GPP TR 38.855 (V16.0.0): "Study on NR positioning support (Release 16)".
[i.34] 3GPP TR 38.859 (V18.0.0): "Study on expanded and improved NR positioning (Release 18)".
[i.35] NGMN: 5G TDD UPLINK V1.0.
[i.36] 5GAA: "Study of spectrum needs for safety related intelligent transportation systems - day 1 and
advanced use cases".
[i.37] 5GAA: "System Architecture and Solution Development; High-Accuracy Positioning for C-V2X".
[i.38] FCC Report and Order 15-47A1: "Amendment of the Commission's Rules with Regard to
Commercial Operations in the 3550-3650 MHz Band", FCC, April 2015.
[i.39] Federal Communications Commission: "Amendment of the Commission's Rules with Regard to
Commercial Operations in the 3550-3650 MHz Band", GN Docket 12-354, FCC 16-55, Order on
Reconsideration and Second Report and Order.
[i.40] Federal Communications Commission: "Promoting Investment in the 3550-3700 MHz Band",
GN Docket 17-258, FCC 18-149, Report and Order.
[i.41] Title 47: "Code of Federal Regulations", Part 96 (2015).
[i.42] Recommendation ITU-R M.2015-2: "Frequency arrangements for public protection and disaster
relief radiocommunication system in accordance with resolution 646 (WRC-15)".
[i.43] Recommendation ITU-R M.2121-0: "Harmonization of frequency bands for Intelligent Transport
Systems in the mobile service".
[i.44] ETSI TR 101 607 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Cooperative ITS (C-ITS);
Release 1".
[i.45] Ofcom: "Enabling wireless innovation through local licensing", 25 July 2019.
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10 ETSI TR 103 885 V1.1.2 (2023-06)
[i.46] Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan: "Results of Appeal for Opinions on Draft
Notice, etc. Based on Regulations for Procedure for Obtaining a Radio Station License for Areas
to Establish Radio Stations and Release of Revised Guidelines", Presse Release December 11,
2020.
[i.47] CEPT Report 49 (November 2013): "Technical conditions regarding spectrum harmonization for
terrestrial wireless systems in the 3400-3800 MHz frequency band".
[i.48] Mandate to CEPT on technical conditions regarding the shared use of the 3.8-4.2 GHz frequency
band for terrestrial wireless broadband systems providing local area network connectivity in the
Union.
TM
[i.49] IEEE 802.11h : "IEEE Standard for Information technology-- Local and metropolitan area
networks-- Specific requirements-- Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and
Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications - Spectrum and Transmit Power Management Extensions in
the 5 GHz Band in Europe".
TM
[i.50] IEEE 802.11p : "IEEE Standard for Information technology-- Local and metropolitan area
networks-- Specific requirements-- Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and
Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 6: Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments".
TM
[i.51] IEEE 802.11bd : "IEEE Standard for Information Technology--Telecommunications and
Information Exchange between Systems Local and Metropolitan Area Networks--Specific
Requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications Amendment 5: Enhancements for Next Generation V2X".
[i.52] ETSI EN 303 687: "6 GHz WAS/RLAN Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum".
TM
[i.53] IEEE 802.11a : "IEEE Standard for Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between
Systems - LAN/MAN Specific Requirements - Part 11: Wireless Medium Access Control (MAC)
and physical layer (PHY) specifications: High Speed Physical Layer in the 5 GHz band".
TM
[i.54] IEEE 802.11n : "IEEE Standard for Information technology-- Local and metropolitan area
networks -- Specific requirements -- Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC)and
Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications Amendment 5: Enhancements for Higher Throughput".
[i.55] FCC Part 74 Subpart H: "Experimental Radio, Auxiliary, Special Broadcast And Other Program
Distributional Services - Low Power Auxiliary Stations".
[i.56] FCC Part 15 Subpart C: "Radio Frequency Devices - Intentional Radiators".
[i.57] FCC Part 90 Subpart K: "Private Land Mobile Radio Services - Standards for Special Frequency
Bands".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
Void.
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
dBm deciBel-milliwatts
GHz GigaHertz
MHz MegaHertz
mW MilliWatt
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11 ETSI TR 103 885 V1.1.2 (2023-06)
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
th
4G 4 generation technology standard for broadband cellular networks
th
5G 5 Generation technology standard for broadband cellular networks
AFC Automated Frequency Coordination
AP Access Point
BNetzA Bundesnetzagentur
BVLOS Beyond Visual Line Of Sight
CBRS Citizens Broadband Radio Service
CBSD Citizens Broadband Radio Service Device
CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications
CIM Computer-Integrated Manufacturing
CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
C-V2X Cellular Vehicle-to-Everything
DAA Detect And Avoid
DCS Dynamic Channel Selection
DECT Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications
DFS Dynamic Frequency Selection
DL Downlink
DoD Department of Defence
DP Domain Proxy
DPA Dynamic Protection Area
DSS Dynamic Spectrum Sharing
ECC Electronic Communications Committee
EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiated Power
eLC evolved Licensed Shared Access Controller
eLR evolved Licensed Shared Access Repository
eLSA evolved Licensed Shared Access
EN-DC E-UTRA-NR Dual Connectivity
ERC European Radiocommunication Committee
ESC Environment Sensing Capability ITM Irregular Terrain Model
E-UTRA Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System Terrestrial Radio Access
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
FHSS Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
FR1 Frequency Range 1
FR2 Frequency Range 2
FSS Fixed Satellite Service
FT Fixed Terminal
GAA General Authorized Access
GPS Global Positioning System
GWPZ Grandfathered Wireless Protection Zone
HD High Definition
ID Identifier
IEM In Ear Monitor
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identifier
IMT International Mobile Telecommunications
IoT Internet of Things
IPRM public Integrated, Private Mobile/Fixed communications network
ISM Industrial Scientific Medical
ITS Intelligent Transport System
ITS-G5 European standard for vehicular communications based on IEEE 802.11p standards
KPI Key Parameter Indicator
LBT Listen Before Talk
LC Licensed Shared Access Controller
LOS Line Of Sight
LPI Low Power Indoor
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12 ETSI TR 103 885 V1.1.2 (2023-06)
LR Licensed Share Access Repository
LSA Licensed Shared Access
LSRAI L Spectrum Resource Availability Information
LTE Long Term Evolution
MAC Medium Access Control
MBSFN Multimedia Broadcast Single Frequency Network
MCS Modulation Coding Scheme
MFCN Mobile/Fixed Communications Network
MNO Mobile Network Operators
NGMN Next Generation Mobile Networks
NLL National Local Licensing
NM Network Management
NPN Non-Public Network
NR New Radio
NRA National Regulatory Administration
NSA Non-Standalone
NTIA National Telecommunications and Information Administration
OFCOM Office Of Communications
PAL Priority Access Licenses
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
P-MFCN Public Mobile/Fixed Communications Network
PMSE Programme Making & Special Events
PNI-NPN Public Network Integrated Non-Public Network
PNO Private Network Operator
PPDR Public Protection & Disaster Relief
PT Portable Terminal
QoS Quality of Service
R&O Report and Order
RAT Radio Access Technology
RF Radio Frequency
RLAN Radio Local Access Network
SA Standalone
SAS Spectrum Access System
SHNI Shared Home Network Identifier
SIB2 System information block type 2
SNPN Standalone Non-Public Network
SP Standard Power
SPRM Standalone, Private Mobile/Fixed Communications Network
SRD Short Range Device
TC Technical Committee
TDD Time Division Multiplex
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TV Television
TVWS Television White Space
TVWSD Television White Space Device
UAS Unmanned Aerial Services
UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
UE User Equipment
UHF Ultra High Frequency
UL Uplink
URLLC Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication
USA United States of America
V2X Vehicle-to-Everything
VHF Very High Frequency
VLOS Visual Line Of Sight
VLP Very Low Power
VSP Vertical Sector Player
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13 ETSI TR 103 885 V1.1.2 (2023-06)
4 Use cases and their characteristics
4.1 Introduction
This clause analyses the needs and characteristics of selected vertical sectors, e.g. Culture and Creative Industry (audio
PMSE), Public Protection & Disaster Relief (PPDR), e-Health, Industrial Automation, etc.
Each use case is analysed based on the parameters listed in Table 1.
Table 1: Description of use case parameters
Parameter Description Range of values
Deployment The way the infrastructure is installed/used Fixed: infrastructure is fixed installed
Nomadic: infrastructure can be moved but
is fixed during operation
Mobile: infrastructure can be moved
during operation
QoS levels The specific KPIs of the use case Various values
Radio Access The kind of RAT which exists for the specific use case Standardized, proprietary
Technology (RAT)
Network architecture The way the network is built to support the use case P-MFCN: public MFCN
SPRM: standalone, private MFCN
IPRM: public integrated, private MFCN
Network coverage The area where the service is available Local, national, transnational, worldwide
Usage period The overall time the use case occupies the spectrum Various values
RF channel holding The time during which the RF channel is used Various values
time continuously without free time slots for system
adjustments such as frequency change, MCS change,
etc.
Spectrum access The way in which spectrum access is provided Planned, ad-hoc
mode
Spectrum access The way/process how the spectrum is accessed License-exempt,
Licensed: shared and coordinated,
Licensed: shared and non-coordinated,
Licensed: not shared
Spectrum bands The frequency bands in which the service/use case is
available Various values
Spectrum demand The total amount of spectrum needed for the use case Various values

According to CEPT, the term "MFCN" (Mobile/Fixed Communications Network) includes International Mobile
Telecommunications (IMT) and other communication networks in the mobile and fixed services [i.47]. A Public MFCN
(P-MFCN) refers to a communication network for the specific purpose of providing data transmission services for the
public, e.g. a PLMN, whereas a private MFCN describes local networks where restrictions and access rules are
established in order to relegate access to a select few. Private MFCNs can be separated into:
• SPRM: standalone, private MFCN without any connection to a public MFCN.
• IPRM: private MFCN which is integrated into and managed by a P-MFCN.
If the SPRM is based, for example, on 5G, then it is called SNPN.
Depending on the use case, the values in the following tables represent the state of the art and/or future realizations.
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4.2 Audio Programme Making & Special Events (audio PMSE)
Programme Making and Special Events (PMSEs) is a term summarizing front-end wireless applications used to support
broadcasting, news gathering, audio and video production for film, theatre and music, as well as special events such as
sport events, culture events, conferences, and trade fairs.
PMSE equipment is divided into:
• video PMSE: wireless cameras;
• audio PMSE: wireless microphones, In-Ear Monitor systems (IEM), wireless conference systems, talkback;
and
• service PMSE: wireless light and effect remote controls.
The individual user of audio PMSE equipment configures a system according to the actual needs of the production
i.e. number of performers, musical instruments, sound effects and location with careful consideration of the link budget.
Available spectrum at a location has a major impact on the possible number of wireless microphone and IEMs. A lack
of spectrum restricts the size and quality of the overall audio production. Further considerations are:
• the tuning ranges of the available equipment;
• co-located events at the location;
• other wireless equipment in use e.g. security, etc.; and
• the total number of audio channels, which fits into a given amount of spectrum. Many manufacturers now
offer modes which double or triple the channel count, but this currently comes at a price of reduced coverage,
robustness or audio performance.
Usually, the use of audio PMSE frequencies in and around a location site is known. With these considerations and the
observed use of radio spectrum the 'worst case' scenario of all equipment being in use can be assessed and calculated.
This allows to establish a controlled interference scenario even in hotspot areas with dense audio PMSE use.
Audio PMSE equipment operates on a free tuning range concept. A tuning range is the frequency range in which
equipment is able to operate. Within this tuning range, the use will be limited to the range of frequencies identified for
audio PMSE nationally or geographically and the audio PMSE equipment will be operated in accordance with the
related national regulatory conditions.
Audio PMSE equipment's primary frequency band is 470 MHz - 694 MHz which is globally available.
Professional use of audio PMSE needs detailed frequency planning in advance to make spectrum sharing possible and
to guarantee interference-free operation with the broadcast service which is the primary user in the 470 MHz - 694 MHz
band in most countries of the world. Spectrum that is useable for professional audio PMSE needs to be:
• observable, e.g. by spectrum scanning procedures or other information; and
• predictable, e.g. stable in its operational times and frequency for the PMSE event time and location.
Table 2 summarizes characteristics of different use cases of audio PMSE.
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15 ETSI TR 103 885 V1.1.2 (2023-06)
Table 2: Characteristics of different use cases of audio PMSE
Parameter Live Audio Production/Special Events Electronic News Gathering
Deployment Nomadic Fixed Nomadic;
mobile
QoS levels Very high reliability (no audible Very high reliability (no audible High to very high reliability;
disturbance allowed) disturbance allowed) Low latency
Ultra-low latency Ultra-low latency
RAT Proprietary Proprietary Proprietary
Network architecture SPRM SPRM; SPRM;
IPRM IPRM;
P-MFCN
Network coverage Local Local Local;
transnational
Usage period Few days to several weeks Few to several months Few hours to few days
RF channel holding 6h to 12h 6h to 12h 2h to 6h
time
Spectrum access Planned Planned Planned;
mode ad-hoc
Spectrum access License-exempt; License-exempt; License-exempt;
licensed: shared and licensed: shared and licensed: shared and
coordinated; coordinated; coordinated;
licensed: shared and licensed: shared and licensed: shared and
non-coordinated non-coordinated non-coordinated
Spectrum bands See clause 5.3 See clause 5.3 See clause 5.3
Spectrum demand [i.15]: approximately 96 MHz in sub 1 GHz for daily use [i.16]: average spectrum needs from
42 MHz (small events) to 115 MHz (large events); major events need 174 MHz

Today, TV UHF spectrum from 470 MHz to about 900 MHz is best suited for audio PMSE operation for the following
reasons:
• low ambient RF noise level;
• high antenna efficiency for antennas used with small portable devices, e.g. wireless microphones and small
body receivers;
• efficient propagation in both indoor and outdoor spaces over short distances; and
• ability to pass through moderate amounts of clutter, e.g. stage equipment and scenery, without excessive
losses.
4.3 E-Health
The term e-health summarizes the use of information and communication technology in support of health and health
related fields. It encompasses a wide range of uses, from mobile health (m-health), which describes the use of mobile
wireless technology for health, to telehealth/telemedicine, which describes the use of telecommunications and virtual
technology to deliver health care outside of traditional health care facilities, and increasingly underpins, supports, and
enhances all critical medical applications and health care activities.
According to 3GPP TR 22.826 [i.3], critical medical applications can be categorized as follow:
• static - local: medical team and patient are collocated; devices are not moving while the care is delivered;
• moving - local: medical team and patient are collocated; devices are moving while the care is delivered;
• static - remote: medical team and patient are not collocated; devices are not moving while the care is delivered;
and
• moving - remote: medical team and patient are not collocated; devices are moving while the care is delivered.
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16 ETSI TR 103 885 V1.1.2 (2023-06)
Use cases under the static - local category take place in so called hybrid operating rooms of hospitals which include
image guided surgery and teleoperation. Going wireless brings the following benefits:
• equipment sharing between operating rooms in the same hospital;
• on-demand addition of complementary imaging
...