ETSI TBR 030 ed.1 (1997-12)
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite News Gathering (SNG) Transportable Earth Stations (TES) operating in the 11-12/13-14 GHz frequency bands
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite News Gathering (SNG) Transportable Earth Stations (TES) operating in the 11-12/13-14 GHz frequency bands
DTBR/SES-00008
Satelitske zemeljske postaje in sistemi (SES) - Prenosljive zemeljske postaje (TES) za satelitsko novinarstvo (SNG), ki delujejo v frekvenčnih pasovih 11-12/13-14 GHz
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-1999
6DWHOLWVNH]HPHOMVNHSRVWDMHLQVLVWHPL 6(6 3UHQRVOMLYH]HPHOMVNHSRVWDMH 7(6
]DVDWHOLWVNRQRYLQDUVWYR 61* NLGHOXMHMRYIUHNYHQþQLKSDVRYLK*+]
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Satellite News Gathering (SNG)
Transportable Earth Stations (TES) operating in the 11-12/13-14 GHz frequency bands
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: TBR 030 Edition 1
ICS:
33.060.30 Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski Radio relay and fixed satellite
komunikacijski sistemi communications systems
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL TBR 30
BASIS for December 1997
REGULATION
Source: ETSI TC-SES Reference: DTBR/SES-00008
ICS: 33.020
Key words: Satellite, earth station, SNG, TES, broadcasting, FSS, TV, type approval
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Satellite News Gathering
Transportable Earth Stations (SNG TES)
operating in the 11-12/13-14 GHz frequency bands
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
X.400: c=fr, a=atlas, p=etsi, s=secretariat - Internet: secretariat@etsi.fr
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1997. All rights reserved.
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TBR 30: December 1997
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.
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TBR 030: December 1997
Contents
Foreword .5
Introduction.5
1 Scope .7
2 Normative references.8
3 Definitions and abbreviations .8
3.1 Definitions .8
3.2 Abbreviations .10
4 Requirements.10
4.1 Off-axis EIRP emission density within the band(s) .10
4.1.1 Justification.10
4.1.2 Specification .10
4.1.3 Conformance tests .10
4.2 Off-axis spurious radiation.11
4.2.1 Justification.11
4.2.2 Specification .11
4.2.3 Conformance tests .12
4.3 On-axis spurious radiation .12
4.3.1 Justification.12
4.3.2 Specification .12
4.3.3 Conformance tests .12
4.4 Transmit polarization discrimination .12
4.4.1 Justification.12
4.4.2 Specification .12
4.4.2.1 Contour of -1 dB .12
4.4.2.2 Contour of -10 dB .12
4.4.3 Conformance tests .12
4.5 ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) .13
4.6 Mechanical (antenna pointing).13
4.6.1 Justification.13
4.6.2 Specification .13
4.6.3 Conformance tests .13
5 Test methods .13
5.1 Off-axis EIRP density within the band.14
5.1.1 Test method .14
5.1.1.1 Transmit output power density.14
5.1.1.1.1 Test site .15
5.1.1.1.2 Method of measurement.15
5.1.1.2 Antenna transmit gain.15
5.1.1.2.1 General .15
5.1.1.2.2 Test site .15
5.1.1.2.3 Method of measurement.16
5.1.1.3 Antenna transmit radiation patterns.17
5.1.1.3.1 General .17
5.1.1.3.2 Test site .17
5.1.1.3.3 Method of measurement.17
5.1.1.3.4 Co-polar radiation pattern - azimuth .17
5.1.1.3.5 Co-polar radiation pattern - elevation.18
5.1.1.3.6 Cross-polar radiation pattern - azimuth 19
5.1.1.3.7 Cross-polar radiation pattern -
elevation.19
5.1.2 Computation of results .20
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TBR 30: December 1997
5.2 Off-axis spurious radiation . 20
5.2.1 Test method. 20
5.2.1.1 Up to 1,0 GHz . 21
5.2.1.1.1 Test site. 21
5.2.1.1.2 Measuring receivers. 21
5.2.1.1.3 Procedure. 21
5.2.1.2 Above 1,0 GHz. 21
5.2.1.2.1 Identification of the significant
frequencies of spurious radiation . 22
5.2.1.2.1.1 Test site. 22
5.2.1.2.1.2 Procedure. 22
5.2.1.2.2 Measurement of radiated power levels
of identified spurious radiation . 22
5.2.1.2.2.1 Test site. 22
5.2.1.2.2.2 Procedure. 22
5.2.1.2.3 Measurement of conducted spurious
radiation at the antenna flange. 23
5.2.1.2.3.1 Test site. 23
5.2.1.2.3.2 Procedure. 23
5.3 On-axis spurious radiation . 24
5.3.1 Test method. 24
5.3.1.1 General . 24
5.3.1.2 Method of measurement. 24
5.4 Transmit polarization discrimination. 25
5.4.1 General . 25
5.4.2 Test site . 25
5.4.3 Method of measurement. 25
5.5 Mechanical (antenna pointing) . 26
5.5.1 Test method. 26
6 Test methods for SNG TES subsystems. 27
6.1 Antenna subsystem replacement. 27
Annex A (normative): The TBR Requirements Table (TBR-RT) . 28
Annex B (informative): Pointing stability methodology.29
Annex C (informative): Bibliography . 30
History. 31
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TBR 030: December 1997
Foreword
This Technical Basis for Regulation (TBR) has been produced by the Satellite Earth Stations and Systems
(SES) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
Introduction
The SES Directive [1] which supplements the TTE Directive [2] concerns the harmonization of conditions
for the placing on the market of such equipment.
Two classes of standards are applicable to satellite earth station equipment. European
Telecommunication Standards (ETSs) give the full technical specifications for this equipment, whereas
Technical Bases for Regulation (TBRs) give the essential requirements under the SES Directive [1] and
the TTE Directive [2] for placing such equipment on the market. Receive-only equipment, not intended for
terrestrial connection to the public telecommunications network, may be put into use. Nothing in this TBR
is construed to prevent the use of Community internal production control procedures as set out in the
annexes to the two Directives for such receive-only equipment. This TBR is based on ETS 300 327 (see
annex C, Bibliography).
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TBR 30: December 1997
Blank page
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TBR 030: December 1997
1 Scope
This Technical Basis for Regulation (TBR) specifies the technical requirements that apply to Satellite
News Gathering (SNG) Transportable Earth Stations (TESs) for compliance with Articles 4.1 and 4.3 of
the SES Directive [1].
These SNG TESs have the following characteristics:
The SNG TESs are designed for Satellite News Gathering (SNG) which can be either an
unforeseen or pre-planned activity.
SNG TES is capable of transmitting television signals and associated audio or programme audio
only towards a satellite positioned on the geostationary orbit. The modulation method may be either
analogue or digital. Such transmissions are point-to-point or point-to-multipoint but not for general
broadcast reception.
The SNG TESs are designed for relocation at any time to a different fixed operating location but are
not intended to operate during the relocation period. The SNG TESs can be either vehicle mounted
or packed for transportation. The SNG TESs considered in this TBR are those designed to operate
whilst stationary.
The SNG TESs are operating in the following bands allocated to the Fixed Satellite Services (FSS):
- 10,70 GHz to 11,70 GHz (space-to-earth);
- 12,50 GHz to 12,75 GHz (space-to-earth);
- 12,75 GHz to 13,25 GHz (earth-to-space);
- 13,75 GHz to 14,25 GHz (earth-to-space);
- 14,25 GHz to 14,50 GHz (earth-to-space).
Frequencies could be selected from through the entire frequency range or be restricted to a range
completely enclosed within those bands. These bands are partly shared between FSS and Fixed
Service (FS).
At present the ITU Radio Regulations [5] restrict the use of the 13,75 GHz to 14,00 GHz band to
earth stations having an antenna diameter of 4,5 m or greater and having a transmitting EIRP
between 68 dBW and 85 dBW.
The SNG TESs use linear polarization.
The SNG TESs operate through a geostationary satellite at least 3° away from any other
geostationary satellite operating in the same frequency band and covering the same area.
The SNG TES antenna diameter does not exceed 5 m, or equivalent corresponding aperture.
The SNG TESs are designed for attended operation.
This TBR applies to the SNG TES with its ancillary equipment and its various terrestrial ports, and
operated under the conditions which are within the ranges of humidity, temperature and supply voltage
declared by the manufacturer.
The requirements have been selected to ensure an adequate level of compatibility with other radio
services. The levels, however, do not cover extreme cases which may occur in any location but with a low
probability of occurrence.
This TBR may not cover those cases where a potential source of interference which is producing
individually repeated transient phenomena or a continuous phenomenon is present, e.g. a radar or
broadcast site in the near vicinity. In such a case it may be necessary to use special protection applied to
either the source of interference, or the interfered part or both.
This TBR does not contain any requirement, recommendation or information about the installation of the
SNG TESs. Compliance of a SNG TES to the requirements of this TBR does not imply compliance to any
requirement related to the use of the SNG TES (e.g. licensing requirements).
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TBR 30: December 1997
2 Normative references
This TBR incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of any of these publications apply to this TBR
only when incorporated into it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies.
[1] Council Directive 93/97/EEC of 29 October 1993 supplementing
Directive 91/263/EEC in respect of satellite earth station equipment. Called
"SES Directive" in the present document.
[2] Council Directive 91/263/EEC of 29 April 1991 on the approximation of the laws
of Member States concerning telecommunications terminal equipment, including
the mutual recognition of their conformity. Called "TTE Directive" in the present
document.
[3] ETS 300 673 (1996): "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); ElectroMagnetic
Compatibility (EMC) standard for 4/6 GHz and 11/12/14 GHz Very Small
Aperture Terminal (VSAT) equipment and 11/12/13/14 GHz Satellite News
Gathering (SNG) Transportable Earth Station (TES) equipment".
[4] CISPR 16-1 (1993): "Specification for radio interference measuring apparatus
and measurement methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus" (Annex G: Validation of the open area test site for the frequency
range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz).
[5] ITU Radio Regulations.
NOTE: This TBR also contains a number of informative references which have been included
to indicate the sources from which various material has been derived, hence they do
not have an associated normative reference number. Details of these publications are
given in annex C, bibliography.
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this TBR, the following definitions apply:
carrier-off state: That state where the SNG TES is electrically powered and is not transmitting a signal.
NOTE 1: A SNG TES is considered to be in the carrier-off state when one of the following
conditions is satisfied:
- the High Power Amplifier (HPA) is in standby mode;
- the transmit subsystem is not switched to the antenna.
carrier-on state: That state where the SNG TES is transmitting a signal.
cross-polarization discrimination: The ratio of the on-axis co-polar gain to the cross-polar gain in a
given direction, at a transmit or receive frequency. It is usually expressed in dB.
exclusion band: The exclusion band is centred on the transmit frequency and is equal to 5 times the
occupied bandwidth.
manufacturer: The legal entity responsible under the terms of Council Directive 93/97/EEC
(SES Directive) [1] for placing the product on the market in a member state.
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TBR 030: December 1997
occupied Bandwidth (Bo): For a digital modulation scheme the width of the signal spectrum 10 dB
below the maximum inband density. For an analogue modulation scheme the occupied bandwidth (Bo) is
defined as follows:
B = ΔF + 2f
o pp m
with
ΔF = peak-to-peak frequency deviation of the TV-carrier for a 1 V peak-to-peak test tone at the
pp
pre-emphasis network cross-over frequency in Hz; and
fm = top video baseband frequency (e.g. 5 MHz).
Satellite News Gathering Transportable Earth Station (SNG TES): Equipment capable of transmitting
television signals and associated audio or programme audio only towards a satellite positioned on the
geostationary orbit. The modulation method may be either analogue or digital. Such transmissions are
point-to-point or point-to-multipoint but not for general broadcast reception.
The SNG TES usually comprises the main parts, as defined below, and all power, interconnecting and
other cables required for proper operation of the equipment as follows:
1) the antenna subsystem, which converts the incident electromagnetic wave into a guided wave and
vice versa and which includes any mounting that may be required;
2) the transmit subsystem, which is composed of the frequency translation equipment and the high
power amplifier;
3) the receive subsystem, which consists of the low noise amplifier and the frequency translation
equipment;
4) the ground communications subsystem, which consists of modulation and demodulation equipment,
either analogue or digital, and associated baseband equipment;
5) the monitoring and control subsystem which consists of test equipment together with a transmitter
identification system if implemented;
6) the communications subsystem which consists of and a facility for two way communication if
implemented;
7) the power subsystem, which consists of any power generation equipment that may be required;
8) the transportation subsystem, which consists of either a vehicle for vehicle mounted SNG TES or
flight cases for "flyaway" SNG TES.
spurious radiation: Any radiation outside the exclusion band.
transmit frequency band: One of the following frequency bands, or a part of them, within which the SNG
TES is able to transmit its carrier:
12,75 GHz to 13,25 GHz;
13,75 GHz to 14,50 GHz.
The transmit frequency bands of the SNG TES are declared by the manufacturer.
NOTE 2: An SNG TES may be designed for several transmit frequency bands.
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TBR 30: December 1997
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this TBR, the following abbreviations apply:
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
ETS European Telecommunication Standard
EUT Equipment Under Test
FSS Fixed Satellite Service
HPA High Power Amplifier
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
LNB Low Noise Block
modem MODulator/DEModulator
RF Radio Frequency
SNG TES Satellite News Gathering Transportable Earth Station
TBR Technical Basis for Regulation
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal
4 Requirements
4.1 Off-axis EIRP emission density within the band(s)
Off-axis EIRP emission density (co-polar and cross-polar) within the transmit frequency band(s).
4.1.1 Justification
Protection of other satellite (uplink) systems.
4.1.2 Specification
The maximum EIRP in any 40 kHz band of the co-polarized component in any direction φdegrees from the
antenna main beam axis shall not exceed the following limits:
33 - 25 log φ dBW where 2,5° ≤ φ ≤ 7,0°
+12 dBW where 7,0° < φ ≤ 9,2°
36 - 25 log φ dBW where 9,2° < φ ≤ 48°
-6 dBW where 48,0° < φ ≤ 180°
Where φ is the angle, in degrees, between the main beam axis and the direction considered.
In addition the maximum EIRP in any 40 kHz band of the cross-polarized component in any direction
φdegrees from the antenna main beam axis shall not exceed the following limits:
23 - 25 log φ dBW where 2,5° ≤ φ ≤ 7,0°
+2 dBW where 7,0° < φ ≤ 9,2°
Where φ is the angle, in degrees, between the main beam axis and the direction considered.
4.1.3 Conformance tests
Conformance tests shall be carried out as per subclause 5.1.1 with the results being computed in
accordance with subclause 5.1.2.
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TBR 030: December 1997
4.2 Off-axis spurious radiation
4.2.1 Justification
To limit the level of interference to terrestrial and satellite radio services.
4.2.2 Specification
1) The SNG TES shall not exceed the limits for radiated field strength over the frequency range from
30 MHz to 1 000 MHz specified in table 1.
Table 1: Limits of radiated field strength at a test distance of 10 m
Frequency range Quasi-peak limits
(MHz) (dBμV/m)
30 to 230 30
230 to 1 000 37
The lower limits shall apply at the transition frequency.
2) This specification applies outside the exclusion band.
For the carrier-off state, the off-axis spurious EIRP from the SNG TES, in any 100 kHz band, shall
not exceed the limits given in table 2, for all off-axis angles greater than 7°:
Table 2: Limits of spurious EIRP with carrier-off
Frequency range EIRP
(GHz) (dBpW)
1,0 - 10,7 48
10,7 - 21,2 54
21,2 - 40,0 60
The lower limits shall apply at the transition frequencies.
3) This specification applies outside the exclusion band.
For the carrier-on state, the off-axis spurious EIRP in any 100 kHz band from the SNG TES, shall
not exceed the limits given in table 3, for all off-axis angles greater than 7°:
Table 3: Limits of spurious EIRP with carrier-on
Frequency range EIRP
(GHz) (dBpW)
1,0 - 3,40 49
3,40 - 10,7 55
10,7 - 11,7 61
11,7 - 21,2 78 (see note)
21,2 - 40,0 67
NOTE: This limit may be exceeded in a frequency band which shall not exceed 80 MHz
centred on the carrier frequency.
The lower limits shall apply at the transition frequency.
In the frequency bands from 25,5 GHz to 26,5 GHz and from 27,5 GHz to 29,0 GHz, for any 20 MHz band
within which one or more spurious signals exceeding the above limit of 67 dBpW are present, then the
power of each of those spurious signals exceeding the limit shall be added in watts and the total shall not
exceed 78 dBpW.
For SNG TESs designed to transmit simultaneously several different carriers (multicarrier operation), the
above limits apply to each individual carrier when transmitted alone.
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TBR 30: December 1997
4.2.3 Conformance tests
Conformance tests shall be carried out in accordance with subclause 5.2.
4.3 On-axis spurious radiation
4.3.1 Justification
To limit the level of interference to satellite radio services.
4.3.2 Specification
In the transmit frequency band outside the exclusion band the EIRP spectral density of the spurious
radiation shall not exceed 4 dBW in any 4 kHz band.
For SNG TESs designed to transmit simultaneously several different carriers (multicarrier operation), the
above limits apply to each individual carrier when transmitted alone.
NOTE 1: The on-axis spurious radiations, outside the transmit frequency band(s), are indirectly
limited by subclause 4.2.2. Consequently no specification is needed.
NOTE 2: Intermodulation limits inside the transmit frequency band(s) are to be determined by
system design and are subject to satellite operator specifications.
4.3.3 Conformance tests
Conformance tests shall be carried out in accordance with subclause 5.3.
4.4 Transmit polarization discrimination
4.4.1 Justification
Protection of signals on the orthogonal polarization.
4.4.2 Specification
4.4.2.1 Contour of -1 dB
The polarization discrimination of the antenna system in the transmit frequency band shall exceed 28 dB
within the -1 dB contour of the main beam.
NOTE: Some satellite operators may require improved values of cross-polar discrimination.
4.4.2.2 Contour of -10 dB
The polarization discrimination of the antenna system in the transmit frequency band shall exceed 25 dB
within the -10 dB contour of the main beam.
NOTE: Some satellite operators may require improved values of cross-polar discrimination.
4.4.3 Conformance tests
Conformance tests shall be carried out in accordance with subclause 5.4.
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TBR 030: December 1997
4.5 ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
There are no specific EMC requirements under this TBR however ETS 300 673 [3] contains the EMC
requirements for SNG TESs.
4.6 Mechanical (antenna pointing)
4.6.1 Justification
Protection of signals to and from both the same and adjacent satellites.
4.6.2 Specification
a) Pointing stability:
The SNG TES shall not show any sign of distortion and the pointing shall not need adjustment
whilst being used in a wind speed which is less than that specified by the manufacturer at which the
antenna shall be stowed.
b) Pointing accuracy capability:
The antenna mount shall allow the position of the antenna transmit main beam axis to be
maintained with an accuracy better than the off-axis angle measured when the main beam gain has
decreased by 1 dB at any frequency in the equipment operating band, over the full range of azimuth
and elevation movement available to the antenna.
c) Polarization angle alignment capability:
The polarization angle shall be continuously adjustable in a range of at least 180°; it shall be
possible to fix the transmit antenna polarization angle with an accuracy better than 1°.
d) Polarization alignment stability:
The SNG TES shall not show any sign of distortion and the polarization shall not need realignment
whilst being used in a wind speed which is under that specified by the manufacturer at which the
antenna shall be stowed nor from any accidental mechanical action.
4.6.3 Conformance tests
Conformance tests shall be carried out in accordance with subclause 5.5.
5 Test methods
The values of measurement uncertainty associated with each measurement parameter apply to all of the
test cases described in this TBR. The measurement uncertainties shall not exceed the values shown in
tables 4 and 5.
Table 4: Measurement uncertainty
Measurement parameter Uncertainty
Radio frequency ±10 kHz
RF power ±0,75 dB
Conducted spurious ±4 dB
Radiated spurious ±6 dB
Antenna gain ±0,5 dB
Polarization discrimination ±2 dB
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TBR 30: December 1997
Table 5: Measurement uncertainties for antenna gain pattern
Gain relative to the antenna Uncertainty
on-axis gain
< -3 dB ±0,3 dB
-3 dB to -20 dB ±1,0 dB
-20 dB to -30 dB ±2,0 dB
-30 dB to -40 dB ±3,0 dB
For vehicle mounted equipment the EUT, as defined for each test, does not include the transportation
subsystem unless agreed between the manufacturer and test house.
The EUT does not include the control and monitoring and power subsystems unless agreed between the
manufacturer and test house.
The antenna shall never be rotated around its main beam axis.
All tests with carrier-on shall be conducted with maximum transmit power as declared by the
manufacturer.
The modulation shall be by an energy dispersal signal only, as specified by the manufacturer, in the case
of an analogue modulation scheme or by a pseudo random bit sequence in the case of a digital
modulation scheme.
All technical characteristics and operational conditions declared by the manufacturer shall be entered in
the test report.
5.1 Off-axis EIRP density within the band
Off-axis EIRP emission density (co-polar and cross-polar) within the transmit frequency band(s).
5.1.1 Test method
Conformance shall be determined from:
a) measurement of maximum RF power density entering the antenna feed for the different modulation
schemes declared by the manufacturer;
b) measurement of transmit antenna gain pattern.
To ascertain the off-axis EIRP it is necessary to know the transmit power density and antenna transmit
radiation pattern. To ascertain the radiation pattern it is necessary to know the antenna transmit gain.
The following three measurement procedures shall, therefore, be performed:
a) transmitter output power density (dBW/40 kHz);
b) antenna transmit gain (dBi);
c) antenna transmit radiation patterns (dBi).
5.1.1.1 Transmit output power density
For the purposes of this TBR, transmitter output power is defined as the maximum power delivered
continuously by the transmitting equipment to the antenna flange.
For the purposes of this test the EUT is defined as the SNG TES excluding the antenna from the antenna
flange.
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TBR 030: December 1997
5.1.1.1.1 Test site
There are no requirements for the test site to be used for this test.
5.1.1.1.2 Method of measurement
Spectrum
analyser
Test
EUT
load
Figure 1: Test arrangement - transmit output power density measurement
a) The test arrangement shall be as shown in figure 1.
b) With the carrier being modulated the maximum power supplied to the antenna flange shall be
measured in dBW/40 kHz. The coupling factor of the test coupler at the test frequency and the
attenuation of any necessary waveguide adapter and any other test equipment (e.g. cable) shall be
taken into account. The resolution bandwidth of the spectrum analyser shall be set as close as
possible to the specified measuring bandwidth. If the resolution bandwidth is different from the
specified bandwidth then bandwidth correction shall be performed.
c) The measurement shall be performed for each modulation scheme as applicable and for each
transmit frequency band at a frequency in the centre of the band, and at a transmit frequency as
close to the upper limit of the transmit frequency band as possible regarding the bandwidth of the
signal and at a transmit frequency as close to the lower limit of the transmit frequency band as
possible regarding the bandwidth of the signal.
5.1.1.2 Antenna transmit gain
5.1.1.2.1 General
For the purposes of this TBR, the antenna transmit gain is defined as the ratio, expressed in decibels
(dB), of the power that would have to be supplied to the reference antenna, i.e. an isotropic radiator
isolated in space, to the power supplied to the antenna being considered, so that they produce the same
field strength at the same distance in the same direction. Unless otherwise specified the gain is for the
direction of maximum radiation.
For the purposes of this test the EUT is defined as that part of the SNG TES which comprises the antenna
and its flange. The antenna includes the reflector(s), feed, support struts and an enclosure of equal
weight/distribution to any electrical equipment normally housed with the feed at the antenna focal point.
5.1.1.2.2 Test site
This test shall be performed on either an outdoor far-field test site or compact test range. However, if the
near-field scanner technology to convert near-field measurements to far-field results is proven and
sufficiently accurate by reference to tests taken in both regions then antenna measurements may be taken
in the near field.
Fully automated systems can be used for these tests providing that the results can be proven to be as
accurate as if they were done according to the specified method.
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TBR 30: December 1997
5.1.1.2.3 Method of measurement
Substitution
Antenna
Test X-Y
receiver
Plotter
Signal Test
generator transmitter
Test antenna EUT
Figure 2: Test arrangement - antenna transmit gain measurement
The following test procedure shall be performed for each transmit frequency band.
a) The test arrangement shall be as shown in figure 2 with the EUT connected to the test receiver.
A signal proportional to the angular position from the servo mechanism shall be applied to the
X-axis and the signal level from the test receiver shall be applied to the Y-axis of the plotter.
b) A test signal at a frequency in the centre of the transmit frequency band shall be transmitted by the
test transmitter through the test antenna. The E-plane shall be vertical. The EUT antenna main
beam axis shall be aligned with the main beam axis of the test transmitter. The polarizer of the EUT
antenna shall be rotated and adjusted such that the E-plane coincides with the E-plane of the test
transmitter.
c) The EUT shall be aligned to maximize the received signal and the X-Y plotter adjusted to give the
maximum reading on the chart.
d) The EUT shall be driven in azimuth in one direction through 10°.
e) The pattern measurement is then obtained by driving the EUT in azimuth back through boresight to
10° the other side with the plotter recording the results.
f) The EUT shall be replaced by the substitution antenna and the received signal level maximized.
g) This level shall be recorded on the X-Y plotter.
h) The substitution antenna shall be driven in azimuth as in d) and e).
j) The gain of the EUT shall be calculated from:
GEUT = L1 - L2 + C
where:
GEUT is the gain of the EUT (dBi);
L1 is the level obtained with the EUT (dB);
L2 is the level obtained with the substitution antenna (dB);
C is the calibrated gain of the substituted antenna at the test frequency (dBi).
k) The tests in c) to j) shall be repeated with the frequency changed to 5 MHz above the bottom of the
transmit frequency band.
l) The tests in c) to j) shall be repeated with the frequency changed to 5 MHz below the top of the
transmit frequency band.
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TBR 030: December 1997
m) The tests in b) to l) may be performed simultaneously.
5.1.1.3 Antenna transmit radiation patterns
5.1.1.3.1 General
For the purposes of this TBR, the antenna transmit radiation patterns are diagrams relating field strength
to the angle of the direction pointed by the antenna at a constant large distance from the antenna.
For the purposes of this test, the EUT is defined as that part of the SNG TES which comprises the
antenna and its flange. The antenna includes the reflector(s), feed, support struts and an enclosure of
equal weight/distribution to any electrical equipment normally housed with the feed at the antenna focal
point.
5.1.1.3.2 Test site
This test shall be performed on either an outdoor far-field test site or compact test range. However if the
near-field scanner technology to convert near-field measurements to far-field results is proven and
sufficiently accurate by reference to tests taken in both regions then antenna measurements may be taken
in the near field.
Fully automated systems can be used for these tests providing that the results can be proven to be as
accurate as if they were done according to the specified method.
5.1.1.3.3 Method of measurement
Signal Test Test X-Y
Receiver
Generator Transmitter Plotter
Test Antenna EUT
Figure 3: Test arrangement - antenna transmit radiation pattern measurement
5.1.1.3.4 Co-polar radiation pattern - azimuth
The following test procedure shall be performed for each transmit frequency band.
a) The test arrangement shall be as shown in figure 3 with the EUT connected to the test receiver.
A signal proportional to the angular position from the servo mechanism shall be applied to the
X-axis and the signal level from the test receiver shall be applied to the Y-axis of the plotter.
b) The frequency of the test signal shall be set to a frequency in the centre of the transmit frequency
band.
c) The initial E-plane of the test signal radiated by the test transmitter through its antenna shall be
vertical. The EUT antenna main beam axis shall be aligned with the main beam axis of the test
transmitter. The polarizer of the EUT shall be rotated and adjusted such that its E-plane coincides
with the E-plane of the test transmitter. Precise co-polar peaking of the polarization plane shall be
done by observing the cross-polar minimum (fine adjustment).
d) The EUT shall be aligned to maximize the received signal and the X-Y plotter adjusted to give the
maximum reading on the chart.
e) The EUT shall be driven in azimuth to -180°.
f) The transmit pattern measurement is then obtained by driving the EUT in azimuth from -180° to
+180° with the plotter recording the results.
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TBR 30: December 1997
g) The tests in d) to f) shall be repeated with the frequency changed 5 MHz above the bottom of the
transmit frequency band.
h) The tests in d) to f) shall be repeated with the frequency changed to 5 MHz below the top of the
transmit frequency band.
j) The tests in b) to h) may be performed simultaneously.
k) The tests in d) to j) shall be repeated with the E-plane of the test signal being horizontal.
The frequency of the test signal shall be set to a frequency in the centre of the transmit frequency
band. The polarizer of the EUT antenna shall be rotated and adjusted such that its E-plane
coincides with the E-plane of the test transmitter. The EUT antenna main beam axis shall be
aligned with the main beam axis of the test transmitter precise co-polar peaking of the polarization
plane shall be done by observing the cross-polar minimum (fine adjustment).
5.1.1.3.5 Co-polar radiation pattern - elevation
The following test procedure shall be performed for each transmit frequency band.
a) The test arrangement shall be as shown in figure 3 with the EUT connected to the test receiver.
A signal proportional to the angular position from the servo mechanism shall be applied to the
X-axis and the signal level from the test receiver shall be applied to the Y-axis of the plotter.
b) The frequency of the test signal shall be set to a frequency in the centre of the transmit frequency
band.
c) The initial E-plane of the test signal radiated by the test transmitter through its antenna shall be
vertical. The EUT antenna main beam axis shall be aligned with the main beam axis of the test
transmitter. The polarizer of the EUT shall be rotated and adjusted such that its E-plane coincides
with the E-plane of the test transmitter. Precise co-polar peaking of the polarization plane shall be
done by observing the cross-polar minimum (fine adjustment).
d) The EUT shall be aligned to maximize the received signal and the X-Y plotter adjusted to give the
maximum reading on the chart.
e) The EUT shall be driven in elevation to -1°.
f) The transmit pattern measurement is then obtained by driving the EUT in elevation from -1° to +70°
with the plotter recording the results.
g) The tests in d) to f) shall be repeated with the frequency changed 5 MHz above the bottom of the
transmit frequency band.
h) The tests in d) to f) shall be repeated with the frequency changed to 5 MHz below the top of the
transmit frequency band.
j) The tests in b) to h) may be performed simultaneously.
k) The tests in d) to j) shall be repeated with the E-plane of the test signal being horizontal. The
frequency of the test signal shall be set to a frequency in the centre of the transmit frequency band.
The polarizer of the EUT antenna shall be rotated and adjusted such that its E-plane coincides with
the E-plane of the test transmitter. The EUT antenna main beam axis shall be aligned with the main
beam axis of the test transmitter precise co-polar peaking of the polarization plane shall be done by
observing the cross-polar minimum (fine adjustment).
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TBR 030: December 1997
5.1.1.3.6 Cross-polar radiation pattern - azimuth
The following test procedure shall be performed for each transmit frequency band.
a) The test arrangement shall be as shown in figure 3 with the EUT connected to the test receiver.
A signal proportional to the angular position from the servo mechanism shall be applied to the
X-axis and the signal level from the test receiver shall be applied to the Y-axis of the plotter.
b) The frequency of the test signal shall be set to a frequency in the centre of the transmit frequency
band.
c) The initial E-plane of the test signal radiated by the test transmitter through its antenna shall be
vertical. The EUT antenna main beam axis shall be aligned with the main beam axis of the test
transmitter. The polarizer of the EUT shall be rotated and adjusted such that its E-plane is
orthogonal to the E-plane of the test transmitter. Precise fine adjustment of the polarization plane
shall be done by observing the cross-polar minimum.
d) In order to adjust the X-Y plotter giving the maximum reading on the chart the boresight co-polar
receive signal shall be used.
e) The EUT shall be driven in azimuth to -10°.
f) The transmit pattern measurement is then obtained by driving the EUT in azimuth from -10° to +10°
with the plotter recording the results.
g) The tests in d) to f) shall be repeated with the frequency changed 5 MHz above the bottom of the
transmit frequency band.
h) The tests in d) to f) shall be repeated with the frequency changed to 5 MHz below the top of the
transmit frequency band.
j) The tests in b) to h) may be performed simultaneously.
k) The tests in d) to j) shall be repeated with the E-plane of the test signal being horizontal. The
frequency of the test signal shall be set to a frequency in the centre of the transmit frequency band.
The EUT antenna main beam axis shall be aligned with the main beam axis of the test transmitter.
The polarizer of the EUT antenna shall be rotated and adjusted such that its E-plane is orthogonal
with the E-plane of the test transmitter. Precise adjustment of the polarization plane shall be done
by observing the cross-polar minimum.
5.1.1.3.7 Cross-polar radiation pattern - elevation
The following test procedure shall be performed for each transmit frequency band.
a) The test arrangement shall be as shown in figure 3 with the EUT connected to the test receiver.
A signal proportional to the angular position from the servo mechanism shall be applied to the
X-axis and the signal level from the test receiver shall be applied to the Y-axis of the plotter.
b) the frequency of the test signal shall be set to a frequency in the centre of the transmit frequency
band.
c) The initial E-plane
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