ETSI TR 103 508 V1.1.1 (2019-10)

SmartM2M; SAREF extension investigation; Requirements for Automotive

DTR/SmartM2M-103508

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 17-Oct-2019
• Technical Committee: SmartM2M - Smart M2M
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 16-Oct-2019
• Completion Date: 18-Oct-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 103 508 V1.1.1 (2019-10)






TECHNICAL REPORT
SmartM2M;
SAREF extension investigation;
Requirements for Automotive

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2 ETSI TR 103 508 V1.1.1 (2019-10)



Reference
DTR/SmartM2M-103508
Keywords
automotive, IoT; oneM2M, ontology, SAREF,
semantic
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3 ETSI TR 103 508 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Modal verbs terminology . 4
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 References . 5
2.1 Normative references . 5
2.2 Informative references . 5
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Terms . 6
3.2 Symbols . 6
3.3 Abbreviations . 7
4 SAREF extension for the automotive domain . 7
5 Related initiatives . 8
5.1 Introduction . 8
5.2 Standardization initiatives and associations . 8
5.2.1 oneM2M . 8
5.2.2 AIOTI . 8
5.2.3 ETSI TC ITS . 8
5.2.4 DATEX-II . 8
5.2.5 SENSORIS . 9
5.2.6 W3C - Automotive Ontology Working Group . 9
5.3 European Projects . 9
5.3.1 SynchroniCity . 9
5.3.2 AUTOPILOT . 9
5.3.3 ENSEMBLE . 9
5.3.4 TransAID . 10
5.4 Ontologies and data models. 10
5.4.1 W3C Automotive Ontology Working Group . 10
5.4.2 DATEX II Parking Publications Extension . 10
5.5 Other Initiatives . 12
5.5.1 ETSI Pilot Test for interfacing oneM2M platform with Smart Agriculture (ETSI TR 103 545) . 12
6 Use cases . 12
6.1 Proposed use cases . 12
6.2 Use case 1: Platooning . 12
6.3 Use case 2: Automated Valet Parking . 13
6.4 Use case 3: Cooperative Perception Service . 14
6.5 Use case 4: Vulnerable Road Users . 15
7 Requirements . 16
8 Conclusions . 22
Annex A: Bibliography . 23
Annex B: Change History . 24
History . 25


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4 ETSI TR 103 508 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Smart Machine-to-Machine
communications (SmartM2M).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The present document was drafted by ETSI Technical Committee SmartM2M as a starting point for the development of
an extension of the SAREF ontology for the automotive domain (SAREF4AUTO). The present document includes the
first outcomes of a Specialist Task Force (STF) requested by ETSI SmartM2M; it gives insights into the current
landscape of initiatives in the automotive domain, including standardization and research projects. It identifies a set of
relevant use cases for this domain, and extracts from those use cases the requirements answering the competency
questions that should be satisfied by the SAREF4AUTO extension.

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5 ETSI TR 103 508 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
1 Scope
The present document provides the requirements for an initial semantic model in the smart automotive domain based on
a limited set of use cases and from available existing data models. The present document is developed in close
collaboration with AIOTI, the H2020 Large Scale Pilots, with ETSI activities in the automotive domain and with
oneM2M. Further extensions are envisaged in the future to cover entirely the smart automotive domain. The associated
technical specification will define the extension (i.e. the semantic model) for the smart automotive domain
(SAREF4AUTO) based on the requirements and use cases described in the present document.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] European Commission and TNO: "D-S4 Final Report - SMART 2013-0077 - Study on Semantic
Assets for Smart Appliances Interoperability", March 2015.
[i.2] ETSI TS 103 264 (V2.1.1): "SmartM2M; Smart Appliances; Reference Ontology and oneM2M
Mapping".
[i.3] ETSI TR 103 411 (V1.1.1): "SmartM2M; Smart Appliances; SAREF extension investigation".
[i.4] ETSI TS 102 894-2: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Users and applications requirements;
Part 2: Applications and facilities layer common data dictionary".
[i.5] oneM2M-TR-0026-V-4.5.0: "oneM2M; Vehicular Domain Enablement".
[i.6] CEN EN 16157-2:2019: "Intelligent transport systems - DATEX II data exchange specifications
for traffic management and information - Part 2: Location referencing".
[i.7] ETSI TR 103 545: "SmartM2M; Pilot test definition and guidelines for testing cooperation
between oneM2M and Ag equipment standards".
[i.8] HD Live Map Data Specification, HERE, 2019.
NOTE: Available online at https://developer.here.com/olp/documentation/hd-live-map/topics/hdlm2-logical-road-
link.html.
[i.9] "The Benefits of a Common Map Data Standard for Autonomous Driving, White Paper", June
2019.
NOTE: Available online at https://www.nds-association.org/.
[i.10] ISO 11783: "Tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry -- Serial control and
communications data network".
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6 ETSI TR 103 508 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
[i.11] ETSI EN 302 637-3: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; Basic Set
of Applications; Part 3: Specifications of Decentralized Environmental Notification Basic
Service".
[i.12] C-ITS Platform, Final report Phase I, January 2016.
[i.13] ETSI TS 103 301: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Vehicular Communications; Basic Set of
Applications; Facilities layer protocols and communication requirements for infrastructure
services".
[i.14] Autopilot: "The Autopilot H2020 Large Scale Pilot".
NOTE: Available at http://autopilot-project.eu.
[i.15] Schema.org markup model for automobiles.
NOTE: Available at https://schema.org/docs/automotive.html.
[i.16] "The DATEX II Parking Publications Extension".
NOTE: Available at https://datex2.eu/implementations/extension_directory/parking-publications-extension-v10a.
[i.17] SENSORIS: "Sensor Interface Specification".
NOTE: Available at https://sensor-is.org/.
[i.18] The SynchroniCity Project.
NOTE: Available at https://synchronicity-iot.eu/.
[i.19] ENSEMBLE project: "Platooning together".
NOTE: Available at https://platooningensemble.eu.
[i.20] The TransAID project:" Transition Areas for Infrastructure-Assisted Driving".
NOTE: Available at https://www.transaid.eu/.
[i.21] ETSI EN 302 665: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Communications Architecture".
[i.22] ETSI TR 103 300-1 "Intelligent Transport System (ITS); Vulnerable Road Users (VRU)
awareness; Part 1: Use Cases definition; Release 2".
[i.23] W3C Automotive Ontology Working Group.
NOTE: Available at https://www.w3.org/community/gao/.
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
ontology: formal specification of a conceptualization, used to explicit capture the semantics of a certain reality
3.2 Symbols
Void.
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7 ETSI TR 103 508 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AEF Agricultural industry Electronics Foundation
AIOTI Alliance for Internet of Things Innovation
AVP Automated (Autonomous) Valet Parking
CAM Cooperative Awareness Message
CCTV Closed-Circuit TeleVision
C-ITS Cooperative ITS
CPS Cooperative Perception Service
DATEX Data Exchange
DENM Decentralized Environmental Notification Message
IBM International Business Machines (corporation)
IoT Internet of Things
ISO International Organization for Standardization
ITS Intelligent Transport Systems
M2M Machine to Machine
MAP Map Data
NDS Navigation Data Specification
OWL Web Ontology Language
PMD Photonic Mixer Device
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
SAREF Smart Applications REFerence ontology
SPAT Signal Phase And Time
UML Unified Modeling Language
UTC Universal Time Coordinated
UUID Universally Unique IDentifier
V2V Vehicle to Vehicle
VMS Variable Message Signs
VRU Vulnerable Road user
WGS World Geodetic System 1984
4 SAREF extension for the automotive domain
SAREF is a reference ontology for the IoT created in close interaction with the industry during a study requested by the
European Commission in 2015 [i.1] and subsequently transferred into an ETSI Technical Specification [i.2]. SAREF
contains core concepts that are common to several IoT domains and, to be able to handle specific data elements for a
certain domain, dedicated extensions of SAREF can be created. Each domain can have one or more extensions,
depending on the complexity of the domain. As a reference ontology, SAREF serves as the means to connect the
extensions in different domains. The earlier document ETSI TR 103 411 [i.3] specifies the rationale and methodology
used to create, publish and maintain the SAREF extensions.
The present document specifies the requirements for an initial SAREF extension for the automotive domain. This initial
SAREF extension will be based on a limited set of use cases and existing data models identified within available
initiatives that will be summarized in dedicated clauses of the present document. The work conducted in the present
document has been developed in the context of the STF 566
(https://portal.etsi.org/STF/STFs/STFHomePages/STF566.aspx), which was established with the goal of creating
SAREF extensions for the following domains: Automotive, eHealth/Ageing-well, Wearables and Water. This work is
expected to be developed in close collaboration with ETSI, oneM2M, AIOTI, automotive-related H2020 Large Scale
Pilots and EU projects. However, other initiatives coming from the industrial world and alliances will also be
investigated.
STF 566 consists of the following two main tasks:
1) to gather requirements, collect use cases and identify existing sources (e.g. standards, data models, ontologies,
etc.) from the domains of interest (Automotive, eHealth/Ageing-well, Wearables and Water) in order to
determine the requirements for an initial semantic model for each of the aforementioned domains, based on at
least 2 use cases and existing data models; and
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8 ETSI TR 103 508 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
2) to specify and produce the extensions of SAREF for each of the aforementioned domain based on these
requirements.
The present document focuses on analysing sources, collecting use cases and gathering requirements for an extension of
SAREF for the Automotive domain. The present document sets the requirements of an initial semantic model that will
result in a new SAREF ontology extension for Automotive, called SAREF4AUTO, that will be published as part of the
SAREF extensions technical specifications.
5 Related initiatives
5.1 Introduction
Clause 5 reviews relevant initiatives in the Automotive domain, including initiatives in the standardization bodies and
alliances, European research projects, available partial data models and ontologies that can be found in this domain as
well as other initiatives such as a technical report for an ETSI pilot test involving agriculture equipment. Each of the
selected initiatives is described and how it brings relevant information to this study is described.
5.2 Standardization initiatives and associations
5.2.1 oneM2M
In the automotive domain, oneM2M develops oneM2M-TR-0026 [i.5] which examines how the current oneM2M
System can be used in the Vehicular Domain and includes a study of advanced features that the future oneM2M
release(s) could support for this vertical domain.
5.2.2 AIOTI
The Alliance for Internet of Things Innovation (AIOTI) was initiated by the European Commission (then moved to a
full-fledged association) in order to develop and support the dialogue and interaction among the Internet of Things (IoT)
various players in Europe. The overall goal of the AIOTI is the creation of a dynamic European IoT ecosystem to
unleash the potentials of the IoT. The work in AIOTI is performed in dedicated working groups. Two of them are
relevant to the present document:
- WG03 on IoT standardization, which includes a sub-group on semantic interoperability; and
- WG09 on Smart Mobility.
5.2.3 ETSI TC ITS
The TC ITS of ETSI is in charge of developing and maintaining standards, specifications and other reports related to the
implementation of V2V communication and interaction in C-ITS. Its scope goes from wireless access (apart from
radiofrequency issues) to generic services and related applications. The security and implementation of tests are also
tackled. Its WG1 develops a data dictionary [i.4] to handle all the data elements used in ITS messages such as CAM,
DENM and CPS which are relevant for the present document.
5.2.4 DATEX-II
In the road sector, the DATEX standard was developed for information exchange between traffic management centres,
traffic information centres and service providers. The second generation DATEX II specification (CEN
EN 16157-2:2019 [i.6]) enables applications requiring access to dynamic traffic and travel related information in
Europe.
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9 ETSI TR 103 508 V1.1.1 (2019-10)
5.2.5 SENSORIS
SENSORIS [i.17] (https://sensor-is.org/) is a result of the cooperation of a number of parties from the automotive
domain that proposed data models for exchanging data between vehicles and cloud services. Currently, vehicle sensor
data exists in different formats across automakers and it is typically carmaker specific. When connecting vehicles to IoT
platforms standardization is needed, as pooling analogous vehicle data from millions of vehicles will be a key enabler
for bringing vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure communication to the next level. SENSORIS was initiated
by HERE [i.8] in June 2015 when the company published the first open specification for how vehicle sensor data
gathered by connected cars will be sent to the cloud (as well as between clouds) for processing and analysis.
5.2.6 W3C - Automotive Ontology Working Group
The Automotive Ontology Community Group in W3C [i.23] (https://www.w3.org/community/gao/) is an informal
group aiming to advance the use of shared conceptual structures in the form of web ontologies for better data
interoperability in the automotive industry. This group has published an automotive extension of the data markup
schema at schema.org [i.15] (referred as auto.schema.org). It is available on the schema.org site at:
https://schema.org/docs/automotive.html (see also clause 5.4.1).
5.3 European Projects
5.3.1 SynchroniCity
The SynchroniCity H2020 Large Scale Pilot [i.18] (https://synchronicity-iot.eu/) is working to establish a reference
architecture for the envisioned IoT-enabled city market place with identified interoperability points and interfaces and
data models for different verticals. This includes tools for co-creation and integration of legacy platforms and IoT
devices for urban services and enablers for data discovery, access and licensing lowering the barriers for participation
on the market. SynchroniCity pilots these foundations in the reference zones together with a set of citizen-centred
services in three high-impact areas, showing the value to cities, businesses and citizens involved, linked directly to the
global market.
5.3.2 AUTOPILOT
The Autopilot H2020 Large Scale Pilot (http://autopilot-project.eu) [i.14] focuses on the use of IoT for improving
autonomous driving. "Automated driving Progressed by Internet of Things" (AUTOPILOT) will bring IoT into the
automotive world to transform connected vehicles - moving "things" in the IoT ecosystem - into highly automated
vehicles (towards levels 4 and 5 of driving automation). AUTOPILOT will also make data from autonomous cars
available to Internet-of-Things platforms such as oneM2M and IBM Watson. Various use cases are implemented at the
six pilot sites (Finland, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain and South Korea) in large scale demonstrations in order to
evaluate the potential and calculate the related impacts of using Internet of Things for Automated Driving. Examples of
use cases are: platooning where vehicles are automatically following each other at a relatively close distance to improve
traffic throughput and reduce fuel consumption; and Automated Valet Parking (AVP) where the autonomous vehicle
will park itself after the driver has left the car at a drop-off point.
5.3.3 ENSEMBLE
ENSEMBLE [i.19] (https://platooningensemble.eu) is a European project that will lay the foundation for multi-brand
truck platooning across Europe, by speeding up the implementation of multi-brand platooning, bringing its real-world
deployment within reach. Its final outcome will be a demonstration of a six-truck platoon, each one of a different brand,
driving in real-world traffic conditions across national borders in 2021. To allow the transition from single-brand to
multi-brand platooning, platoon operation levels need to be defined to harmonize the design of different platooning
functionalities and strategies, reflecting the full diversity of trucks with platooning functionality. Thanks to cooperative
automated dynamic control between the trucks, truck operations will be safer and less stressful. At highway entries,
exits and junctions, platoons will automatically increase vehicle gaps to give way to other road users. Interoperability is
a leading design principle. Existing standardized C-ITS message sets will be used to coordinate the trucks, and new
message sets will be developed.
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5.3.4 TransAID
The TransAID European project [i.20] (https://www.transaid.eu/) develops and demonstrates traffic management
procedures and protocols to enable smooth coexistence of automated, connected, and conventional vehicles, especially
at Transition Areas, i.e. at areas where it is not allowed or not possible to use a high level of automation due to missing
sensor inputs or high complexity situations. A hierarchical approach is followed where control actions are implemented
at different layers including centralized traffic management, infrastructure, and vehicles.
5.4 Ontologies and data models
5.4.1 W3C Automotive Ontology Working Group
The Automotive Ontology Community Group [i.23] (https://www.w3.org/community/gao/) is an informal group of
individuals and corporations whose objective is to develop web ontologies for better data interoperability in the
automotive industry, and this at Web scale. In particular,
• extension proposals for schema.org so that automotive information can be better understood by search engines;
and
• OWL Web ontologies for the automotive industry.
So far, the group has mainly published an automotive extension in the schema.org community (https://schema.org/).
This schema refers to real-world objects related to popular vehicles like cars, buses (coaches) and motorcycles.
However, its main target is on passenger automobiles to enable the elaboration of retail market web sites.
Figure 1 shows an extract of the vehicle properties in this model. The markup model for automobiles is available online
at https://schema.org/docs/automotive.html [i.15].

Figure 1: The Vehicle type and its properties in the schema.org extension
(from https://schema.org/docs/automotive.html) [i.15]
5.4.2 DATEX II Parking Publications Extension
The DATEX II Parking Publications [i.16] (available at https://datex2.eu/implementations/extension_directory/parking-
publications-extension-v10a) is a set of three UML models, extending the DATEX II standard, which allow to specify
static and dynamic information about parking sites as well as information on individual parking vehicles:
• ParkingTablePublication
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• ParkingStatusPublication
...