ETSI TS 103 246-2 V1.1.1 (2015-04)

Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); GNSS based location systems; Part 2: Reference Architecture

DTS/SES-00331

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 27-Apr-2015
• Technical Committee: SES SCN - Satellite Communications and Navigation
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 20-Apr-2015
• Completion Date: 28-Apr-2015
• Mandate: M/496

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TS 103 246-2 V1.1.1 (2015-04)






TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
GNSS based location systems;
Part 2: Reference Architecture

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2 ETSI TS 103 246-2 V1.1.1 (2015-04)



Reference
DTS/SES-00331
Keywords
architecture, GNSS, location, MSS, navigation,
receiver, satellite, system, terminal
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3 ETSI TS 103 246-2 V1.1.1 (2015-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Requirements for GNSS-based Location Systems . 10
5 GBLS Architecture (Level 1) . 11
5.1 Level 1 architecture functional blocks and logical interfaces . 11
5.2 External Functional Blocks . 13
5.2.1 GNSS and Other External Systems . 13
5.2.1.1 GNSS . 13
5.2.1.2 Other External Systems . 13
5.2.3 Application(s) . 13
5.3 GBLS Functions . 14
5.4 GBLS External Interfaces. 14
6 GBLS Architecture (Level 2) . 14
6.1 Level 2 architecture mandatory and optional components . 14
6.2 Positioning Module (PM) . 15
6.2.1 Sensor Management . 15
6.2.2 On-board Localization Module . 15
6.2.3 Application Interface Module . 16
6.3 Central Facility (CF) . 16
6.3.1 Centralized Localization Module (CLM) . 16
6.3.2 Central Management Module (CMM) . 16
6.3.3 Application Interface Module . 16
6.4 Core Interface . 16
7 GBLS Architecture (Level 3) . 17
7.1 Level 3 detailed architecture . 17
7.2 Functional Block Definitions . 17
7.2.1 List of functional blocks . 17
7.2.2 GNSS Sensor . 18
7.2.3 Telecommunication Module . 18
7.2.4 Inertial Sensor . 18
7.2.5 Magnetometer . 18
7.2.6 Odometer . 18
7.2.7 Beam Forming Antenna . 19
7.2.8 EMI Mitigation . 19
7.2.9 EMI Localization . 19
7.2.10 Location Hybridization Algorithm . 19
7.2.11 Integrity Building Algorithm . 19
7.2.12 PPP Module . 20
7.2.13 RTK/D-GNSS Module . 20
7.2.14 Location Authentication . 21
7.2.15 Security Provisioning . 21
7.2.16 Security Verification . 21
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4 ETSI TS 103 246-2 V1.1.1 (2015-04)
7.2.17 Privacy Provisioning . 21
7.2.18 Privacy Test . 21
7.2.19 Application Interface Module . 21
7.2.20 Reference Receivers . 22
7.2.21 Assistance server . 22
7.2.22 Map database . 22
7.3 Interfaces . 23
Annex A (informative): Bibliography . 25
History . 26

ETSI

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5 ETSI TS 103 246-2 V1.1.1 (2015-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Satellite Earth Stations and
Systems (SES).
The present document is part 2 of a multi-part deliverable. Full details of the entire series can be found in part 1 [10].
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The increasing proliferation of location-based services is based on several trends in user applications and devices; these
include notably the widespread adoption of multi-functional smart-phones etc., and the wider adoption of tracking
devices (e.g. in transport). This need for new and innovative location-based services is generating a need for
increasingly complex location systems. These systems are designed to deliver location-related information for one or
more location targets to user applications.
The wide spectrum of technical features identified in [i.1] calls for a new and broader concept for location systems,
taking into account hybrid solutions in which GNSS technologies are complemented with other technology sensors to
improve robustness and the performance.
Hence a set of standards for GNSS-based Location systems is defined of which the present document is part 2.

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6 ETSI TS 103 246-2 V1.1.1 (2015-04)
1 Scope
The present document addresses generic architectures for GNSS-based Location Systems (GBLSs) that combine Global
Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS - e.g. Galileo™) and other navigation technologies with telecommunication
networks for delivery of location-based services.
The architecture specified herein is a "functional" architecture, meaning that the system is defined in terms of discrete
functional elements connected to other internal or external functional elements via associated "logical" interfaces. These
functional elements and interfaces are derived from service requirements.
The functional architecture is not necessarily related to the "physical architecture" (i.e. the relationship between
equipment which may implement all or some of these functions, and the physical interfaces between them).
The present document can be considered as the Stage 2 functional specification according to the ITU/3GPP approach
[i.4].
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] IS-GPS-200: "Revision D, Navstar GPS Space Segment/Navigation User Interfaces", March 7th,
2006.
[2] IS-GPS-705: "Navstar GPS Space Segment/User Segment L5 Interfaces", September 22, 2005.
[3] IS-GPS-800: "Navstar GPS Space Segment/User Segment L1C Interfaces", September 4, 2008.
[4] "Galileo OS Signal in Space ICD (OS SIS ICD)", Issue 1.2, EU/GSA.
[5] BDS-SIS-ICD-B1I-2.0 (December 2013): "BeiDou Navigation Satellite System Signal In Space
Interface Control Document Open Service Signal (Version 2.0)".
[6] "Global Navigation Satellite System GLONASS Interface Control Document", Version 5, 2002.
[7] IS-QZSS, Quasi Zenith Satellite System Navigation Service Interface Specifications for QZSS,
Ver.1.0, June 17, 2008.
[8] DTFA01-96-C-00025 (2001): "Specification for the Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)",
US Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration.
[9] RTCM-SC104 (V3.2): "RTCM Recommended Standards for Differential GNSS Service",
February 2013.
[10] ETSI TS 103 246-1: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); GNSS based location systems;
Part 1: Functional requirements".
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7 ETSI TS 103 246-2 V1.1.1 (2015-04)
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI TR 103 183: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Global Navigation Satellite
Systems (GNSS) based applications and standardisation needs".
[i.2] ETSI TS 103 246-4: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); GNSS based location systems
Part 4: Requirements for location data exchange protocols".
[i.3] ETSI TS 103 246-5: "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); GNSS based location systems
Part 5: Performance Test specification".
[i.4] Recommendation ITU-T I.130: "Method for the characterization of telecommunication services
supported by an ISDN and network capabilities of an ISDN".
[i.5] M. A. Abdel-Salam, "Precise Point Positioning Using Un-Differenced Code and Carrier Phase
Observations", PH.D. Thesis, Department of Geomatics Engineering, Calgary, Alberta(CAN),
September 2005.
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
authentication: provision of assurance that the location related data associated with a location target has been derived
from real signals associated with the location target
NOTE: Authentication is one of the key performance features that may be required of a location system.
architecture: abstract representation of a communication system
NOTE: Three complementary types of architecture are defined:
Functional Architecture: the discrete functional elements of the system and the associated logical
interfaces.
Physical (Network) Architecture: the discrete physical (network) elements of the system and the
associated physical interfaces.
Protocol Architecture: the protocol stacks involved in the operation of the system and the
associated peer relationships.
availability: measures percentage of time that a location system is able to provide the required location-related data
NOTE 1: The required location-related data might vary between location based applications.
NOTE 2: It may contain more than a required information type (e.g. position and speed), but also a required quality
of service (e.g. accuracy, protection level, authentication).
continuity: likelihood that the navigation signal-in-space supports the accuracy and integrity requirements for the
duration of the intended operation
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8 ETSI TS 103 246-2 V1.1.1 (2015-04)
NOTE: It guarantees that a user can start an operation during a given exposure period without an interruption of
this operation, assuming that the service was available at beginning of the operation. Conversely, a Loss
of Continuity occurs when the user is forced to abort an operation during a specified time interval after it
has begun (the system predicts service was available at start of operation).
continuity risk: probability of a detected but unscheduled navigation interruption after initiation of an operation
electromagnetic interference: any source of RF transmission that is within the frequency band used by a
communication link, which degrades the performance of this link
NOTE: Jamming is a particular case of electromagnetic interference, where an interfering radio signal is
deliberately broadcast to disrupt the communication.
integrity: function of a location system that measures the trust that can be placed in the accuracy of the location-related
data provided by the location system
NOTE: In the present technical context, it is expressed through the computation of a protection level. The
Integrity function includes the ability of the location system to provide timely and valid warnings to users
when the system should not be used for the intended operation. Specifically, a location system is required
to deliver a warning (an alert) of any malfunction (as a result of an alert limit being exceeded) to users
within a given period of time (time-to-alert). Conversely, a Loss of Integrity event occurs when an unsafe
condition occurs without annunciation for a time longer than the time-to-alert limit.
integrity risk: probability that the actual error of the location-related data is larger than the protection level, in case of
system availability (i.e. protection level lower than the alert limit)
jamming: deliberate transmission of interference to disrupt reception of desired signals, which in this case are GNSS or
telecommunication signals
NOTE: Spoofing is considered to be a deceptive form of jamming.
latency: measure in a location system of the time elapsed between the event triggering the determination of the
location-related data for one or more location targets (i.e. a location request from an external client, an external or
internal event triggering location reporting), and the availability of the location-related data at the user interface
location-based application: application for delivering a location-based service to one or more users
location-based service: service built on the processing of the Location-related data associated with one or more
location targets
location-related data: set of data associated with a given location target, containing one or more of the following time-
tagged information elements: target position, target motion indicators (velocity and acceleration), and Quality of service
indicators (estimates of the position accuracy, reliability or authenticity)
NOTE: This is the main output of a Location system.
location target: physical entity on whose position the location system builds the location-related data
NOTE: This entity may be mobile or stationary.
privacy: function of a location system designed to ensure that the location target user's private information (identity,
bank accounts, etc.) and its location-related data cannot be accessed by an unauthorized third party
Protection Level (PL): upper bound to the position error such that: P(ε > PL) < I , where I is the Integrity risk and
risk risk
ε is the actual position error
NOTE: The protection level is provided by the location system, and with the integrity risk, is one of the two sub-
features of the integrity system. The protection level is computed both in the vertical and in the horizontal
position domain and it is based on conservative assumptions that can be made on the properties of the
GNSS sensor measurements, i.e. the measurement error can be bounded by a statistical model and the
probability of multiple simultaneous measurement errors can be neglected.
pseudo-range: distance between a satellite and a GNSS receiver as estimated by the receiver without correction for the
receiver's time error
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9 ETSI TS 103 246-2 V1.1.1 (2015-04)
Quality of Service (QoS): associated with a location-based service is a set of indicators that can accompany the
location target's position/motion information and is intended to reflect the quality of the information provided by the
location system
NOTE: QoS indicators can be an accuracy estimate, a protection level statistic, integrity risk, and authentication
flag.
spoofing: transmission of signals intended to deceive location processing into reporting false target data
security: function of a location system designed to ensure that the location-related data is safeguarded against
unapproved disclosure or usage inside or outside the location system, and that it is also provided in a secure and reliable
manner that ensures it is neither lost nor corrupted
Time-to-alert: time from when an integrity breach occurs to when an alerting message reaches the user
Time-To-First-Fix: time needed by the receiver to perform the first position and time fix whose accuracy is lower than
a defined accuracy limit, starting from the moment it is switched on
vertical axis: axis locally defined for the location target, co-linear to the zenith/nadir axis
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
ϕ Carrier phase
εAccel Error on sensor acceleration (from INS)
εAtt Error on sensor attitude (from INS)
εGyro Error on sensor gyroscopes (from INS)
εPos Error on sensor position (from INS)
εPos Uncertainty on sensor position (from GNSS)
3D
εV Error on sensor attitude (from INS)
εV Uncertainty on sensor speed (from GNSS)
3D
d Carrier Doppler
P Position estimate coming from GNSS sensor
GNSS
PINS Position estimate coming from the INS
V Speed estimate coming from GNSS sensor
GNSS
V Speed estimate coming from the INS
INS
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
rd
3GPP 3 Generation Partnership Project
A-GNSS Assisted GNSS
AOA Angle Of Arrival
CF Central Facility
CID Call IDentifier
CLM Centralized Location Module
CMM Central Management Module
DGNSS Differential GNSS
D-GNSS Differential GNSS
DGPS Differential Global Positioning System
EGNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay System
EMA EMI Mitigation Algorithm
EMI Electro-Magnetic Interference
GAGAN GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation System
GBAS Ground Based Augmentation Systems
GBLS GNSS-based Location System
GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit
GLONASS Global Navigation Satellite System (Russian based system)
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
GPS Global Positioning System
GSM Global System for Mobile communications
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10 ETSI TS 103 246-2 V1.1.1 (2015-04)
IBA Integrity Building Algorithm
IMU Inertial Measurement Unit
INS Inertial Navigation Sensor
ITS Intelligent Transport Systems
LAAS Local Area Augmentation System
LBS Location-based Services
LHA Location Hybridization Algorithm
LTE Long Term Evolution
MD Map Database
MSAS Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System
NDGPS Nationwide Differential Global Positioning System (US)
OTD Observed Time Difference
OTDOA Observed Time Difference Of Arrival
PL Protection Level
PM Positioning Module
PPP Precise Point Positioning
PVT Position, Velocity and Time
QoS Quality of Service
QZSS Quasi-Zenith Satellite System
RF Radio Frequency
RSS Received Signal Strength
RTK Real Time Kinematic
SBAS Satellite Based Augmentation System
SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio
TDOA Time difference Of Arrival
TOA Time Of Arrival
WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System
WARTK Wide Area RTK
WIFI Wireless Fidelity
4 Requirements for GNSS-based Location Systems
The Reference Architecture for GNSS-based Location Systems (GBLS), as defined in the following clauses, is derived
from the GBLS Functional Requirements [10] which are intended to provide one or more users with location-related
data (as defined in [10]) associated with one or more Location Targets. An overview of these requirements is given
below.
The GBLS is intended to be a "generic" location system, and thus to encompass a wide range of functions associated
with GNSS Location-based Services (LBS). The functions defined as "mandatory" form the basis of the GBLS, whilst
the optional functions are also included in the architecture to provide the additional choices to allow different
architectural implementations to be included, and additional location-related data to be provided.
A particular GNSS-based application may require only a subset of the range of data available in the GBLS architecture.
Therefore a subset of the GBLS architecture, with alternative combinations of subsystems, m
...