ETSI EN 300 761 V1.1.1 (1998-01)
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) for railways
ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) for railways
DEN/ERM-RP08-0402
Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) in zadeve v zvezi z radijskim spektrom (ERM) - Avtomatska identifikacija vozil za železnico (AVI)
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Elektromagnetna združljivost (EMC) in zadeve v zvezi z radijskim spektrom (ERM) - Avtomatska identifikacija vozil za železnico (AVI)ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) for railways45.020Železniška tehnika na splošnoRailway engineering in general33.100.01Elektromagnetna združljivost na splošnoElectromagnetic compatibility in general33.060.99Druga oprema za radijske komunikacijeOther equipment for radiocommunicationsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 300 761 V1.1.13SIST EN 300 761:en01-VHSWHPEHU-3SIST EN 300 761:SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
European Telecommunications Standards Institute EN 300 761 V1.1.1 (1998-01)European Standard (Telecommunications series)Electromagnetic compatibilityand Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) for railwaysSIST EN 300 761:2001
EN 300 761 V1.1.1 (1998-01)2ReferenceDEN/ERM-RP08-0402 (71o00ico.PDF)KeywordsRadio, UICETSI SecretariatPostal addressF-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCEOffice address650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia AntipolisValbonne - FRANCETel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00
Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 CAssociation à but non lucratif enregistrée à laSous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88X.400c= fr; a=atlas; p=etsi; s=secretariatInternetsecretariat@etsi.frhttp://www.etsi.frCopyright NotificationNo part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission.The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1998.All rights reserved.SIST EN 300 761:2001
EN 300 761 V1.1.1 (1998-01)3ContentsIntellectual Property Rights.7Foreword.7Introduction.81Scope.92Normative references.93Definitions, symbols and abbreviations.103.1Definitions.103.2Symbols.103.3Abbreviations.104General.114.1Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.114.1.1Choice of model for testing.114.1.2Choice of operating frequencies.114.1.3Testing of equipment without a permanent external RF port.124.1.4Equipment with a permanent internal RF port.124.1.5Equipment with a temporary RF port.124.2Mechanical and electrical design.124.2.1General.124.2.2Controls.124.2.3Test mode facility.124.3Auxiliary test equipment.124.4Interpretation of the measurement results.125Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures.135.1Normal and extreme test conditions.135.2External test power source.135.3Normal test conditions.135.3.1Normal temperature and humidity.135.3.2Normal test power source.135.3.2.1Mains voltage.135.3.2.2Regulated lead-acid battery power sources.145.3.2.3Other power sources.145.4Extreme test conditions.145.4.1Extreme temperatures.145.4.1.1Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures.145.4.1.1.1Procedure for equipment designed for continuous transmit operation.145.4.1.1.2Procedure for equipment designed for intermittent transmit operation.145.4.1.2Extreme temperature ranges.155.4.2Extreme test source voltages.155.4.2.1Mains voltage.155.4.2.2Lead-acid battery, regulated power sources.155.4.2.3Power sources using other types of batteries.155.4.2.4Other power sources.156General conditions.166.1Test signals and test modulation.166.1.1Normal test signals (wanted and unwanted signals).166.1.1.1Signals for bit stream measurements.166.1.1.2Signal for messages.166.2Modes of operation of the transmitter.176.3Encoder for receiver measurements.176.4Facilities for access.176.4.1Analogue access.176.4.2Access points for data stream measurement.17SIST EN 300 761:2001
EN 300 761 V1.1.1 (1998-01)46.4.3Coupling arrangements.186.4.3.1Arrangements for measurements with continuous bit streams.186.4.3.2Arrangement for measurements with messages.186.4.4Message received indicator.186.5Test sites and general arrangements for radiated measurements.186.6Artificial antenna.196.7Test fixture.196.7.1Calibration.196.7.2Mode of use.206.8Testing of host equipment and plug-in radio devices.206.8.1Method 1: combined equipment.206.8.2Method 2: use of a test fixture and three hosts.207Methods of measurement and limits for interrogator transmitter parameters.217.1Equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p).217.1.1Definition.217.1.2Method of measurement.217.1.3Limit.217.2Frequency error.227.2.1Definition.227.2.2Method of measurement.227.2.3Limit.227.3Transmitter spectrum mask.227.3.1Definition.227.3.2Method of measurement.227.3.3Limit.237.4Modulation index.237.4.1Definition.237.4.2Method of measurement.237.4.3Limit.247.5Eye pattern.247.5.1Definition.247.5.2Method of measurement.247.5.3Limit.257.6Radiated spurious emissions.257.6.1Definition.257.6.2Measuring receiver.257.6.3Method of measurement conducted spurious emission.267.6.4Method of measurement cabinet spurious radiation.267.6.5Method of measurement radiated spurious emission.277.6.6Limits.288Methods of measurement and limits for interrogator receiver parameters.288.1Maximum usable sensitivity.288.1.1Definition.288.1.2Method of measurements under normal and extreme test conditions.288.1.2.1Test arrangement for equipment with integral antenna.298.1.2.2Test arrangement for equipment with antenna connector.308.1.2.3Test procedure for continuous bit streams.318.1.2.4Test procedure for messages.318.1.3Limits.318.2Error behaviour at high wanted input signals.318.2.1Definition.318.2.2Method of measurement.318.2.3Limit.328.3Degradation measurements.328.3.1Definition.328.3.2General conditions.328.3.3Co-channel rejection.338.3.3.1Definition.338.3.3.2Method of measurement.33SIST EN 300 761:2001
EN 300 761 V1.1.1 (1998-01)58.3.3.3Limit.348.3.4Adjacent channel selectivity.348.3.4.1Definition.348.3.4.2Method of measurement.348.3.4.3Limit.348.3.5Spurious response rejection and desensitization.358.3.5.1Definition.358.3.5.2Method of measurement.358.3.5.3Limits.368.3.6Intermodulation response rejection.368.3.6.1Definition.368.3.6.2Method of measurement.368.3.6.3Limits.378.4Spurious emissions.378.4.1Definition.378.4.2Method of measurement - conducted spurious emissions.378.4.3Method of measurement - cabinet radiation.388.4.4Method of measurement - radiated spurious components.398.4.5Limit.399Method of measurements and limits for transponders.399.1Transponder sensitivity.399.1.1Definition.399.1.2Method of measurement.399.1.3Limit.409.2Transponder wake-up protection.409.2.1Definition.409.2.2Method of measurement.419.2.3Limit.429.3Transponder conversion gain.429.3.1Definition.429.3.2Method of measurement.429.3.3Limits.439.4Transponder spurious radiation.439.4.1Definition.439.4.2Method of measurement.439.4.3Limits.4310Measurement uncertainty.44Annex A (normative):Radiated measurements.45A.1Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of
radiated fields.45A.1.1Outdoor test site.45A.1.2Standard position.45A.1.3Test antenna.46A.1.4Optional additional indoor site.46A.2Guidance on the use of radiation test sites.46A.2.1Measuring distance.46A.2.2Test antenna.47A.2.3Substitution antenna.47A.2.4Auxiliary cables.47A.3Further optional alternative indoor test site using a fully anechoic RF chamber.48A.3.1Example of the construction of a shielded anechoic chamber.48A.3.2Influence of parasitic reflections in anechoic chambers.48A.3.3Calibration of the shielded RF anechoic chamber.49SIST EN 300 761:2001
EN 300 761 V1.1.1 (1998-01)6Annex B (normative):General description of measurement methods.51B.1Conducted measurements.51B.2Radiated measurements.51Annex C (normative):Receiver methods of measurements using messages.53C.1General.53C.2Test signals.53C.3Method of measurement for receiver sensitivity.53C.4Method of measurements for receiver degradation.54Annex D (normative):Subclauses of the present document relevant for compliance with theessential requirements EC Council Directives.55Annex E (informative):Bibliography.56History.57SIST EN 300 761:2001
EN 300 761 V1.1.1 (1998-01)7Intellectual Property RightsIPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The informationpertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be foundin ETR 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in respect ofETSI standards", which is available free of charge from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSIWeb server (http://www.etsi.fr/ipr).Pursuant to the ETSI Interim IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. Noguarantee can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETR 314 (or the updates onhttp://www.etsi.fr/ipr) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.ForewordThis European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical CommitteeElectromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission issuedunder Council Directive 83/189/EEC (as amended) laying down a procedure for the provision of information in the fieldof technical standards and regulations.The present document, together with ETS 300 683, is intended to become a Harmonized Standard, the reference ofwhich will be published in the Official Journal of the European Communities referencing the Council Directive on theapproximation of the laws of the Member States relating to electromagnetic compatibility ("the EMC Directive")(89/336/EEC as amended).Technical specifications relevant to the EMC Directive are given in annex D.Every EN prepared by ETSI is a voluntary standard. The present document contains text concerning type approval ofthe equipment to which it relates. This text should be considered as guidance and does not make the present documentmandatory.National transposition datesDate of adoption of this EN:2 January 1998Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa):30 April 1998Date of latest publication of new National Standardor endorsement of this EN (dop/e):31 October 1998Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow):31 October 1998SIST EN 300 761:2001
EN 300 761 V1.1.1 (1998-01)8IntroductionThe present document was drafted on the assumption that type test measurements, performed in an accredited testlaboratory, will be accepted by the various national regulatory authorities in order to grant type approval, provided thenational regulatory requirements are met. This is in compliance with CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03 [1] andCEPT/ERC Recommendation 01-06 [5].The present document specifies the requirements for a dedicated 2,45 GHz short range microwave link intended for aEuropean wide data communication system for Railway applications, Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI).The in-track base station (interrogator) transmit and receive modulations are a combination of Amplitude Shift Keying(ASK) and Frequency Shift Keying (FSK) respectively.The present document supports the necessary transmitter and receiver data rates between 192 kbit/s and 384 kbit/saccording to the type of transaction.The system comprises five channels with dynamic channel allocation, within an 8 MHz bandwidth.The maximum radiated equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p) at each carrier frequency is 500 mW (+27 dBm).In order to permit the greatest freedom of design of equipment, whilst protecting other radio services from interference,a balance is required between the permitted range of frequencies on which the equipment may be used, and its frequencystability and modulation characteristics. The present document specifies the operational frequencies and systembandwidths; these parameters are covered by CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03, annex 4 [1].Clauses 1 and 3 give a general description of the types of equipment covered by the present document and thedefinitions and abbreviations used. Clause 4 gives general requirement in order that type tests may be carried out andany markings on the equipment to be provided by the manufacturer.Clauses 5 and 6 specify the test conditions.Clauses 7 and 8 specify the limits of the parameters which are required to be tested. These limits have been chosen tominimize harmful interference to and from other equipment and services. These clauses also specify how the equipmentis to be tested and the conditions which are applied.Clause 9 specifies the limits of the parameters which are required to be tested for transponders. Details on the testmethods for the transponders are also specified.Clause 10 specifies the maximum measurement uncertainty values.Annex A provides normative specifications concerning test sites for radiated measurements.Annex B provides normative descriptions of measurement methods for radiated measurements.Annex C provides normative descriptions of alternative measurement methods for receivers.Annex D provides normative technical parameters relevant to the EMC DirectiveSIST EN 300 761:2001
EN 300 761 V1.1.1 (1998-01)91ScopeThe present document applies to 2,45 GHz Short Range Devices (SRDs) for use in Railway AVI which fulfil the UnionInternationale des Chemins de fer (UIC) specifications (annex E) and are interoperable with the current UIC systemexcept for the interrogator (Track Units (TU)) bandwidth. The Interrogator bandwidth is limited to 8 MHz shared withinfive channels:-with a Radio Frequency (RF) output connection and specified antenna or with an integral antenna;-for data transmission only;-operating on radio frequencies in the 2,446 GHz to 2,454 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band,with power levels up to 500 mW e.i.r.p as defined in the CEPT/ERC Recommendation T/R 70-03 [1].It covers the minimum characteristics considered necessary in order to make the best use of the available frequencies. Itdoes not necessarily include all the characteristics which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent theoptimum performance achievable.The present document is based upon CEPT Recommendations T/R 70-03 [1]. It is a product standard covering variousRailway applications where the data transmission of the system will be active only during the presence of the train.The present document covers fixed installed interrogators (TUs) and transponders (mobile stations). For certainmeasurements the transponders are measured together with the whole interrogating system.The present document includes specifications for methods of measurement for equipment fitted with antenna socketsand/or integral antennae.Additional standards or specifications may be required for equipment such as that intended for connection to the PublicSwitched Telephone Network (PSTN) or other systems.2Normative referencesReferences may be made to:a)specific versions of publications (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.), inwhich case, subsequent revisions to the referenced document do not apply; orb)all versions up to and including the identified version (identified by "up to and including" before the versionidentity); orc)all versions subsequent to and including the identified version (identified by "onwards" following the versionidentity); ord)publications without mention of a specific version, in which case the latest version applies.A non-specific reference to an ETS shall also be taken to refer to later versions published as an EN with the samenumber.[1]draft CEPT/ERC Recommendation 70-03 (1997): "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices(SRD)".[2]IEC 721-3-4 (1995): "Classification of environmental conditions - Part 3: Classification of groupsof environmental parameters and their severities - Section 4: Stationary use atnon-weatherprotected locations".[3]CISPR 16-1: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods- Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus".[4]EN 55022: "Limits and methods of measurements of radio disturbance characteristics ofinformation technology equipment".SIST EN 300 761:2001
EN 300 761 V1.1.1 (1998-01)10[5]CEPT/ERC Recommendation 01-06: "Procedures for type testing and approval for radioequipment intended for non-public systems".[6]ETR 028: "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); Uncertainties in the measurement of mobileradio equipment characteristics".[7]ITU-T Recommendation O.153 (1992): "Basic parameters for the measurement of errorperformance at bit rates below the primary rate".3Definitions, symbols and abbreviations3.1DefinitionsFor the purposes of the present document, the following definitions apply:assigned frequency band: The frequency band within which the device is authorized to operate.integral antenna: An antenna, with or without a connector, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment.interrogator: Equipment intended for use in a fixed location (Fixed Station (FS)).operating frequency range: The range of operating frequencies over which the equipment can be adjusted throughswitching, tuning or reprogramming.portable equipment: Equipment intended to be carried, attached or implanted.radiated measurements: Measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field.transponder: A device normally fixed in a vehicle which responds to an interrogating signal.3.2SymbolsFor the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:lWavelengthdBiGain relative to an isotropic antennadBmdB relative to 1 mWEField strengthEoReference field strength, (see annex B)f0frequency of operationRDistance, (see annex B)RoReference distance, (see annex B)RxReceiverTxTransmitter3.3AbbreviationsFor the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:ABAllocated BandASKAmplitude Shift KeyingAVIAutomatic Vehicle IdentificationCGConversion Gaine.i.r.pequivalent isotropically radiated powerFSFixed StationFSKFrequency Shift KeyingIFIntermediate FrequencyISMIndustrial, Scientific and MedicalSIST EN 300 761:2001
EN 300 761 V1.1.1 (1998-01)11ITEInformation Technology EquipmentLLCLayer Level ControlMACMedium Access ControlOEMOriginal Equipment Manufacturerppmparts per million (10-6)PSTNPublic Switched Telephone NetworkRFRadio FrequencySRDShort Range DeviceTUTrack UnitUICUnion Internationale des Chemins de fer (International Union of Railways)VSWRVoltage Standing Wave Ratio4General4.1Presentation of equipment for testing purposesEach equipment submitted for testing shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all frequencies over whichit is intended to operate.The performance of the equipment submitted for testing shall be representative of the performance of the correspondingproduction model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for thepresentation of equipment for testing purposes (this subclause), conditions of testing (see clause 5) and measurementmethods (see clauses 7, 8 and 9).The applicant shall complete the appropriate application form when submitting equipment for testing. Additionally,technical documentation and operating manuals shall also be supplied.Stand alone equipment shall be offered by the applicant complete with any ancillary equipment needed for testing. Theapplicant shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power requirements, as applicable,in order to establish the appropriate test conditions.Test fixtures may be supplied by the applicant (see subclause 6.7).Original Equipment Manufacturer's (OEM) plug-in cards or units may be offered for testing together with a suitable testfixture. Alternatively, complete AVI equipment may be supplied by the manufacturer to facilitate the tests (seesubclause 6.8.2).To simplify and harmonize the testing procedures between the different test laboratories, measurements shall beperformed, according to the present document, on samples of equipment defined in subclauses 4.2.1 and 4.2.2. Thesesubclauses are intended to give confidence that the requirements set out in the present document have been met withoutthe necessity of performing measurements on all channel frequencies.4.1.1Choice of model for testingThe applicant shall provide one or more production models of the equipment, as appropriate, for testing.4.1.2Choice of operating frequenciesWhere equipment can be adjusted to operate at different operating frequencies other than the five standard channels, aminimum of two operating frequencies shall be chosen such that the lower and higher limits of the applicant's declaredoperating ranges of the equipment are covered. For equipment with RF output connection and specified antenna, theapplicant shall declare the gain of the antenna assembly i.e. the transfer function between the conducted RF power ande.i.r.p shall be declared.SIST EN 300 761:2001
EN 300 761 V1.1.1 (1998-01)124.1.3Testing of equipment without a permanent external RF portTo facilitate relative measurements, use may be made of a test fixture as described in subclause 6.7, or the equipmentmay be supplied with a permanent internal or temporary internal or external RF port, providing the characteristics beingmeasured are not expected to be affected.4.1.4Equipment with a permanent internal RF portThe way to access a permanent internal RF port shall be stated by the applicant with aid of a diagram. The fact that usehas been made of a permanent internal RF port shall be recorded in the test report.4.1.5Equipment with a temporary RF portThe applicant shall submit two sets of equipment to the test laboratory, one fitted with a temporary 50 W RF connectorwith the antenna disconnected and the other with the antenna connected. Each equipment shall be used for theappropriate tests. The measurements, wherever possible, should be made by use of a direct connection to the equipmentunder test (antenna connector or temporary 50 W connector) as stated in the present document, in order to ensure that themeasurement uncertainties are minimized.The way the temporary RF port is implemented shall be stated by the applicant with the aid of a diagram. The fact thatuse has been made of the temporary RF port to facilitate measurements shall be stated in the test report.4.2Mechanical and electrical design4.2.1GeneralThe equipment submitted by the applicant, or his representative, shall be designed, constructed and manufactured inaccordance with good engineering practice, and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment andservices.Transmitters and receivers may be individual or combination units.4.2.2ControlsThose controls which if maladjusted might increase the interference possibilities to and from the equipment shall only beaccessible by partial or complete disassembly of the device and requiring the use of tools.4.2.3Test mode facilityIf the unit is equipped with a data squelch or battery saving circuit or similar facility that prevents tests being made, itshall be possible to override this circuit for the duration of some tests.4.3Auxiliary test equipmentAll necessary test signal sources and setting up information shall accompany the equipment when it is submitted fortesting.4.4Interpretation of the measurement resultsThe interpretation of the results recorded on the test report form for the measurements described in the present documentshall be as follows:-the measured value related to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether an equipment meets therequirements of the present document;-the measurement uncertainty value for the measurement of each parameter shall be included in the test report;SIST EN 300 761:2001
EN 300 761 V1.1.1 (1998-01)13-the recorded value of the measurement uncertainty shall be, for each measurement, equal to or lower than thefigures of measurement uncertainty given in clause 10.5Test conditions, power sources and ambienttemperatures5.1Normal and extreme test conditionsTesting shall be made under normal test conditions, and also, where stated, under extreme test conditions.The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in subclauses 5.2 to 5.4.5.2External test power sourceDuring type tests the power source of the equipment shall be replaced by an external test power source, capable ofproducing normal and extreme test voltages as specified in subclauses 5.3.2 and 5.4.2. The internal impedance of theexternal test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be neg
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