ETSI TS 103 247 V1.1.1 (2015-09)

Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Singlemode Optical Fibre System Specifications for Home Cabling

DTS/ATTM-02008-2

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 03-Sep-2015
• Technical Committee: ATTM AT2 - Infrastructure, Physical Networks & Communication Systems
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 02-Feb-2016
• Completion Date: 04-Sep-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM);
Singlemode Optical Fibre System Specifications
for Home Cabling
2 ETSI TS 103 247 V1.1.1 (2015-09)

Reference
DTS/ATTM-02008-2
Keywords
cable, fibre, network, optical
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ETSI
3 ETSI TS 103 247 V1.1.1 (2015-09)
Contents
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 9
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 10
3.1 Definitions . 10
3.2 Abbreviations . 10
4 HAN architecture evolution . 12
4.1 Introduction . 12
4.2 HAN architectures . 13
4.2.1 Different architecture . 13
4.2.2 Single format HAN . 13
4.2.3 Multi format HAN . 14
4.2.3.1 A mid-term architecture: the Multiformat Active Star . 14
4.2.3.2 A longer-term architecture: the Multiformat Passive Star . 15
5 HAN performances. 18
5.1 HAN optical power budget . 18
5.1.1 Introduction. 18
5.1.2 Transmission system requirements . 18
5.1.2.1 Assumptions . 18
5.1.2.2 Active star architecture. . 19
5.1.2.3 CWDM passive star architecture . 20
5.1.3 Attenuation requirements for passive optical network . 21
5.1.4 Optical budget deterioration . 22
5.1.4.1 Definitions of requirements . 22
5.1.4.2 BOL (Begin-Of-Life) . 23
5.1.4.3 EOL (End-Of-Life) . 23
6 Home area network cabling . 23
6.1 Introduction . 23
6.2 Optical fibre . 23
6.3 Cables . 23
6.3.1 Generalities . 23
6.3.2 Dimensional and colour requirements . 24
6.3.3 Mechanical requirements . 24
6.3.4 Environmental requirements . 24
6.4 Optical connector . 24
6.5 Optical non-wavelength-selective splitter . 25
6.6 Optical WDM (Wavelength-Division-Multiplexer) . 25
7 Reliability . 25
7.1 Reliability of active devices . 25
7.2 Reliability of passive components . 25
8 Installation . 25
9 Energy efficiency . 25
Annex A (informative): Optical Telecommunication Outlet - wall socket . 27
A.1 Introduction . 27
A.2 Connection type . 27
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4 ETSI TS 103 247 V1.1.1 (2015-09)
A.3 Optical connections in wall outlet . 27
A.4 Interfaces - External sockets . 28
A.5 Interfaces - Internal sockets . 28
A.6 Wall socket plugs versions . 28
A.7 Sustainability requirements . 29
A.8 Examples of optical fibre wall outlet. 29
Annex B (informative): Residential PON example . 30
B.1 Residential network evolution . 30
B.2 Architecture 1 - centralized mode according to Recommendation ITU-T G.9960 (G.hn) - P2MP . 30
B.3 Architecture 2 - peer to peer-mode according to Recommendation ITU-T G.9960 (G.hn) -
MP2MP . 32
B.4 Architecture 3 - G.hn with RF Video Overlay . 33
B.5 Residential network performances . 33
B.5.1 Optical power budget . 33
B.5.2 Transmission system requirements . 33
Annex C (informative): Multiformat active star example . 34
C.1 Introduction . 34
C.2 First option: electrical multiplex on an optical path . 34
C.3 Second option: hybrid electrical / optical multiplex . 39
Annex D (informative): Multiformat passive star example . 43
D.1 Introduction . 43
D.2 The demonstrated configuration . 44
D.3 Implementing the applications . 47
D.3.1 Residential PON ("PON-like") application . 47
D.3.2 "LAN-like" application . 47
D.3.3 RoF application . 48
D.3.4 TV broadcast application . 48
D.3.5 Point to point application . 49
D.3.6 Simultaneous running applications . 49
Annex E (informative): Example of an optical fibre home cabling system . 51
E.1 Introduction . 51
E.2 Installation of an optical fibre home cabling system . 51
E.3 Connection of the optical TO to the end user equipment . 52
History . 53

ETSI
5 ETSI TS 103 247 V1.1.1 (2015-09)
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pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
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Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Access, Terminals, Transmission
and Multiplexing (ATTM).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Singlemode non-dispersion shifted optical fibres with step-index according to CENELEC EN 60793-2-50 [5] with
cladding diameter of 125 μm (referred to as SM in the present document) are mostly deployed in telecommunication
networks . The rise of available transmission bandwidth per fiber is even significantly faster than e.g. the increase of
storage capacity of electronic memory chips, or the increase of computation power of microprocessors. The main
advantages of SM are:
• SM is the current communication wireline with the biggest bandwidth (up to 160 Gbit/s)
• SM is the current optical waveguide with the lowest optical losses (< 0,25 dB/km at 1 550 nm, see figure 1)
• SM is the waveguide with the best possibilities for wavelength multiplexing
• SM optical connections have the best developed theory for optical interface with narrow uncertainties
• There are reasonable compatibilities for connecting SM fibres of different types (considering losses)
• Complete immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI)
• Compared with electrical cables, fiber-optic cables are very lightweight
For all these reasons, SM is potentially the best and most sustainable solution for all telecommunication networks.
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6 ETSI TS 103 247 V1.1.1 (2015-09)

Figure 1: Singlemode fibre attenuation versus wavelength
The home network should not represent a bottleneck for the expected evolution for services such as the introduction of
High Definition quality IPTV, multi-room/multi-vision configuration, using different channels seen in different rooms
with up to 3 Set Top Boxes (STBs) and high quality video communication via the TV set. More in general, with the
"Connected Home", several devices are connected together: the home network can be used, for example, to share
multimedia contents not necessarily delivered in real time by access network, but with the paradigm of "download and
play" this content can be stored in a device inside the house and use it afterwards. However, this residential network
cabling should be easy, fast and cheap to deploy.
The home network should be able to manage multiformat and multiservice characteristics of the information delivered
by different service providers.
ETSI
7 ETSI TS 103 247 V1.1.1 (2015-09)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the SM cabling system for multiformat and multiservices optical home area network
(HAN) for interoperability among different suppliers. The system comprises of the active optical elements, the cables,
connectors and wall plugs.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] Directive 2002/95/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 January 2003 on the
restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment.
[2] IEEE 802.3: "LAN/MAN CSMA/CD (Ethernet) Access Method".
[3] CENELEC EN 50399: "Common test methods for cables under fire conditions - Heat release and
smoke production measurement on cables during flame spread test - Test apparatus, procedures,
results".
[4] ETSI TS 101 791: "Transmission and Multiplexing (TM); Dense wavelength division multiplexing
devices; Common requirements and conformance testing".
[5] CENELEC EN 60793-2-50: "Optical fibres - Part 2-50: Product specifications - Sectional
specification for category B singlemode fibres".
[6] CENELEC EN 60825-1: "Safety of laser products - Part 1: Equipment classification and
requirements".
[7] CENELEC EN 60875-1: "Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Non-
wavelength-selective fibre optic branching devices - Part 1: Generic specification".
[8] CENELEC EN 61753-031-2/Ed2: "Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components -
Performance standard - Part 031- 2: Non-connectorised single-mode 1×N and 2×N non-
wavelength-selective branching devices for Category C - Controlled environment".
[9] CENELEC EN 62074-1: "Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Fibre
optic WDM devices - Part 1: Generic specification".
[10] CENELEC EN 61754-series: "Fibre optic connector interfaces".
[11] CENELEC EN 61755 series: " Fibre optic connector optical interfaces".
[12] EU: "Code of Conduct on Energy Consumption of Broad Band Equipment", version 3 18
November 2008.
[13] IEC 60884-1: "Plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar purposes - Part 1: General
requirements".
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8 ETSI TS 103 247 V1.1.1 (2015-09)
[14] ISO/IEC 8802-3: "Information technology -- Telecommunications and information exchange
between systems -- Local and metropolitan area networks -- Specific requirements --
Part 3: Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD) access method and
physical layer specifications".
[15] CENELEC EN 60950-1: "Information technology equipment - Safety - Part 1: General
requirements".
[16] Recommendation ITU-T G.671:"Transmission media and optical systems characteristics -
Characteristics of optical components and subsystems, Transmission characteristics of optical
components and subsystems".
[17] Recommendation ITU-T G.9960 (G.hn).
[18] Recommendation ITU-T K.21: "Resistibility of telecommunication equipment installed in
customer premises to overvoltages and overcurrents".
[19] ETSI ETS 300 019-2-3: "Equipment Engineering (EE); Environmental conditions and
environmental tests for telecommunications equipment; Part 2-3: Specification of environmental
tests; Stationary use at weatherprotected locations".
[20] CENELEC EN 50173-1: " Information technology - Generic cabling systems - Part 1: General
requirements and office areas".
[21] CENELEC EN 61755-1: " Fibre optic connector optical interfaces - Part 1: Optical interfaces for
single mode non-dispersion shifted fibres - General and guidance".
[22] CENELEC EN 60794-2 series: "Optical fibre cables; part 2: Indoor cables - Sectional
specification".
[23] CEN EN 13501-6: "Fire Classification of Construction Products and Building elements -
Part 6: Classification using test data from reaction to fire tests on electric cables".
[24] CENELEC EN 60794-1-21: "Optical fibre cables - Part 1-21: Generic specification - Basic optical
cable test procedures - Mechanical Tests Methods".
[25] CENELEC EN 60332-1-2: "Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions -
Part 1-2: Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable - Procedure for
1 kW pre-mixed flame".
[26] CENELEC EN 50267-2-3: Common test methods for cables under fire conditions - Tests on gases
evolved during combustion of materials from cables - Part 2-3: Procedures - Determination of
degree of acidity of gases for cables by determination of the weighted average of pH and
conductivity".
[27] CENELEC EN 61754-20: "Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Fibre
optic connector interfaces - Part 20: Type LC connector family".
[28] CENELEC EN 61754-4: "Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Fibre
optic connector interfaces - Part 4: Type SC connector family".
[29] CENELEC EN 61754-29: "Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Fibre
optic connector interfaces - Part 29: Type BLINK connector series".
[30] CENELEC EN 61754-30: " Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Fibre
optic connector interfaces - Part 30: Type CLIK connector series".
[31] CENELEC EN 61755-1: "Fibre optic connector optical interfaces - Part 1: Optical interfaces for
single mode non-dispersion shifted fibres - General and guidance".
[32] CENELEC EN 61755-2-1: "Fibre optic connector optical interfaces - Part 2-1: Optical interface
standard single mode non-angled physically contacting fibres".
[33] CENELEC EN 61755-2-2: "Fibre optic connector optical interfaces - Part 2-2: Optical interface
standard single mode angled physically contacting fibres".
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9 ETSI TS 103 247 V1.1.1 (2015-09)
[34] CENELEC EN 61755-3-1: "Fibre optic connector optical interfaces - Part 3-1: Optical interface,
2,5 mm and 1,25 mm diameter cylindrical full zirconia PC ferrule, single mode fibre".
[35] CENELEC EN 61755-3-2: "Fibre optic connector optical interfaces - Part 3-2: Optical interface,
2,5 mm and 1,25 mm diameter cylindrical full zirconia ferrules for 8 degrees angled-PC single
mode fibres".
[36] CENELEC EN 61300-3-6:" Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic
test and measurement procedures - Part 3-6: Examinations and measurements - Return loss".
[37] CENELEC EN 61300-3-34: "Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic
test and measurement procedures - Part 3-34: Examinations and measurements - Attenuation of
random mated connectors".
[38] CENELEC EN 61300-3-4: "Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components - Basic
test and measurement procedures - Part 3-4: Examinations and measurements - Attenuation".
[39] CENELEC EN 55022: "Limits and methods of measurement of radio disturbance characteristics of
information technology equipment".
[40] CENELEC EN 55024: "Information technology equipment - Immunity characteristics - Limits and
methods of measurement".
[41] CENELEC EN 61753-031-2: "Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components -
Performance standard - Part 031-2: Non-connectorized single-mode 1×N and 2×N non-
wavelength-selective branching devices for Category C - Controlled environment".
[42] Directive 2012/27/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012 on
energy efficiency, amending Directives 2009/125/EC and 2010/30/EU and repealing Directives
2004/8/EC and 2006/32/EC Text with EEA relevance 2012/27/EU.
[43] Code of Conduct for Broadband Equipment version 3, 18 November 2008.
[44] Recommendation ITU-T G.657: " Characteristics of a bending-loss insensitive single-mode optical
fibre and cable for the access network".
[45] Recommendation ITU G.652: "Characteristics of a single-mode optical fibre and cable".
[46] EN 60794-1-22: "Optical fibre cables - Part 1-22: Generic specification - Basic optical cable test
procedures - Environmental Tests Methods".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] IEEE 802.3u: "Local and Metropolitan Area Networks-Supplement - Media Access Control
(MAC) Parameters, Physical Layer, Medium Attachment Units and Repeater for 100Mb/s
Operation, Type 100BASE-T (Clauses 21-30)".
[i.2] IEEE 802.3x: "IEEE Standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks: Specification for 802.3
Full Duplex Operation".
[i.3] IEEE 802.1Q: "IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Virtual Bridged Local
Area Networks".
[i.4] IEEE 802.1p: "IEEE Standard for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks - Supplement to Media
Access Control (MAC) Bridges: Traffic Class Expediting and Dynamic Multicast Filtering".
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10 ETSI TS 103 247 V1.1.1 (2015-09)
[i.5] IEEE 802.1D: "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks: Media Access Control
(MAC) Bridges".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in Recommendation ITU G.671 [16] and the
following apply:
access point: physical point where terminal equipment can be connected on physical interface (Home Network ®
, etc.
Extender) like RJ45
global link: transmission link between transmitter and receiver of two connected systems
global link loss: loss of the global link comprising loss of the permanent link and all additional optical elements losses
home network extender: access point located in each room and capable to give access to the multiformat services at
the customer by multiplexing (uplink) and demultiplexing (down link)
Home Area Network (HAN): network of optical fibres in homes that considers convergence of communication
multiformat services and extends an access from a carrier's central office, broadcast terrestrial, cable or satellite TV or
other networks (ICT, BCT, CCCB, etc.)
multiformat: different format of signal (Ethernet, broadcasted TV, Phone, etc.)
multiformat link: link capable to transport over a single medium multiformat signals from the multiformat switch to
the extender
multiformat switch: active equipment able to multiplex multiformat signals
multiservice: several services like telephone, TV, Internet, etc.
permanent link: part of the transmission link comprising fixed cabling (fibre and permanent optical elements) with one
connector at each end
permanent link loss: loss of the permanent link comprising fibre and permanent optical elements losses
point-to-point link: direct link from one physical point to another physical point Point-to-MultiPoint link link from one
physical point to several physical points
multiPoint-to-multipoint link: link from several physical points to several physical points
triple play services: triple-play service scenario is one in which voice, video and data are all provided in a single access
subscription
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ACS Auto Configuration Server
AP Access Point
APC Angled Physical Contact
BCT Broadcast and Communications Technology
BIDI Bidirectional
BO Broadcast Outlet
BOL Begin-Of-Life
CATV Cable TV
CCCB Commands, Controls and Communications in Buildings
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
CPR Construction Product Regulation
CWDM Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing
DFB Distributed feedback
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11 ETSI TS 103 247 V1.1.1 (2015-09)
DIY Do It Yourself
DVB Digital Video Broadcasting
DVB-S Digital Video Broadcasting - Satellite
DVB-T Digital Video Broadcasting - Terrestrial
DWDM Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing
EMI Electro Magnetic Interference
EOL End-Of-Life
Ext Extender
FMT Fibre Management Tray
FSAN Full Service Access Network
FTTH Fiber To The Home
GL Global Link
GOF Glass Optical Fibre
GPON Gigabit Passive Optical Network
GTW Gateway
HAN Home Area Network
HD Home Distributor
HDMI High Definition Multimedia Interface
HG Home Gateway
ICT Information and Communications Technology
IP Internet Protocol
IPTV Internet Protocol Television
LAN Local Area Network
LC Lucent Connector
LD Laser Diode
LNB Low Noise Block
MAC Media Access Control
MC Mediaconverters
MS Multiformat Switch
MTBF Mean Time Between Failures
OFE Optical FrontEnd
ONT Optical Network termination
OTO Optical Telecommunication Outlet
P2P Point-to-Point
PC Physical Contact
PCI Peripheral Component Interconnect
PD Photo Diode
PF Perfluorinated
PIN Positive Intrinsic Negative
PL Permanent Link
POF Plastic Optical Fibre
PON Passive Optical Network
PVC PolyVinyl Chloride
QoE Quality of Experience
QoS Quality of Service
RF Radio Frequency
RoF Radio over Fibre
RoHS Restriction of the Use of Certain Hazardous Substances
SC Subscriber Connector
SEF Subscriber Entry Facilities
SFP Small Form-factor Pluggable
SM Single Mode
STB Set Top Box
SW Switch
TDMA Time division multiple access
TO Telecommunications Outlet
TOS Type of Service
TV Television
TVoIP Television over IP
TX Tranceiver
UHF Ultra High Frequency
UTP5 Unshielded Twisted Pair (Category 5)
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12 ETSI TS 103 247 V1.1.1 (2015-09)
UWB Ultra Wide Band
VAC Volts Alternating Current
VCSEL Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser
VDSL2 Very high bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line
VLAN Virtual Local Area Network
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing
4 HAN architecture evolution
4.1 Introduction
HAN includes active and passive networks deployed at the customer's site (apartment or building) between the Home
Distributor (HD) and the end-user devices (TV, PC, telephone, surveillance, etc.).
The Home Distributor is located at the SEF (Subscriber Entrance Facilities) and includes the ENTI (External Network
Testing Interface) and active equipments (CPE as Customer Premises Equipment) like Home Gateway (HG),
Multiformat Switch (MS), etc.
The HD is connected with optical links to optical TO/BO (Telecommunications Outlet/Broadcast Outlet) where the end-
user devices are connected via converters or extenders if needed.
The inputs to STB from terrestrial TV and satellite TV should be copper or fibre cables.
SEF
optical TO/BO
Optical
Floor
HD
ENTI
Distributor
CPE
Drop
cable
Riser
cable
Distribution Point
Operators
FTTH access network HAN (Home Area network)

Figure 2: FTTH and HAN cabling system scope
Increasing the bit rate to meet the requirements related to the richness of the contents and high interactivity, and taking
into account the heterogeneity of the signals to be delivered are the two major challenges which drive the HAN
evolutions.
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13 ETSI TS 103 247 V1.1.1 (2015-09)
Data exchanges (traffic) have drastically increased in the Home Area Network (HAN) these last years and this
expansion is expected to indubitably go on for a long time. First, because significant progress has been accomplished
during the last years in the access networks: with continuously increasing bit rate on copper networks thanks to xDSL
technologies, or as well with the Fiber-To-The-Home (FTTH) deployments, it is now possible to deliver rich contents
up to the user's door. The second reason is the steadily increasing number of interconnected devices inside the home,
implementing multi-Gigabit interfaces such as USB-3 (4,8 Gbit/s) or Thunderbolt (10 Gbit/s).
However, besides the need for high capacity, another major challenge lies in the great heterogeneity of signals to be
delivered in the home. Actually, the HAN is the convergence point of many competing worlds, as computer,
telecommunication, consumer electronics and several types of signals have to be considered: IP data for triple play
services, Radio Frequency (RF) signals for broadcast TV (terrestrial, satellite or cable TV), specific formats as High
Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) signals or related to various very high bit rate interfaces for example. Today,
separate network segments are used in the home, each carrying one type of service (Ethernet cables for IP data, coaxial
cable for broadcasted terrestrial or satellite TV, HDMI cables for high definition digital video). This situation is
expected to be soon inacceptable by the customer, and the only solution is a structured home network able to carry all
these signals on a unique convergent infrastructure. In addition, to guarantee effectiveness, safety and comfort in use,
the medium used to realize the HAN is expected to be integrated inside the walls of the home: singlemode optical fiber
then appears as a very good candidate to implement such a multiformat and future-proof network, as its performances
allows facing further evolutions of HAN requirements.
4.2 HAN architectures
4.2.1 Different architecture
Today, the HAN architecture is a single format active star network dedicated to services based on Ethernet or IP
technology. Two other multiformat architectures, taking into account additional types of signals encountered in the
home, are described in the present document: the first one, a mid-term approach, is based on multiformat active star
architecture, while the second one is a longer term solution based on a passive star and CWDM technology.
4.2.2 Single format HAN
Most home networks are presently based on a single format active star. A Home Gateway typically placed at the
apartment entrance, where the external access network is terminated with the ENTI (External Network Testing
Interface), acts as a central switch, being the node of an active star. Customer's premises are connected to this Home
Gateway through point-to-point (P2P) links (or wireless links), as shown at figure 3. Only one type of data, based on
Ethernet or IP protocols, is supported by this single format network.
Home Gateway
End user devices
Switch
Figure 3: Point-to-Point IP architecture
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14 ETSI TS 103 247 V1.1.1 (2015-09)
4.2.3 Multi format HAN
4.2.3.1 A mid-term architecture: the Multiformat Active Star
Only a multiformat Home Area Network, able to deliver several types of signals, makes possible the convergence of all
services on a unique physical infrastructure. The first proposed solution, a mid-term solution, is based on a multiformat
active star topology. In this configuration shown in figure 4, all types of signals converge to a central node, named the
Multiformat Switch (MS): IP data coming from the access network or home devices, RF signals as broadcasted TV
coming from the roof antenna or the satellite dish and radio programs. These signals are separately processed and then
multiplexed at each port of the MS. The multiplex is then transmitted to each room by point to point multiformat links.
In each room, a remote device named "extender" acts as a multiformat link and demultiplexes the different signals,
which can then be delivered using an appropriate interface. The one or two meters final link from the extender to the
terminal device should use any convenient medium, for example wireless, coaxial, Ethernet cable or plastic fibre. A
similar process is applied for the uplink.

Figure 4: Point-to-Point multiformat active star architecture
Two solutions are possible to achieve the multiplex of the different types of signals. If there is no electrical spectrum
overlapping between these signals, a simple multiplexing in the electrical domain can be done. The electrical multiplex
is then used to modulate a laser located at each port of the MS. An example is given at figure 5, combining 100 Mbit/s
Ethernet (Fast Ethernet), terrestrial TV (DVB-T), satellite TV (DVB-S) and a RF signal for wireless final connection.
PP
f (f (GGHHzz))
Electrical
Fast Ethernet
1212 33 4545
Mux
Electrical
Terrestrial TV
Demux
Satellite TV
VCSEL PD
Wireless
1 port of
Remote Extender
Multiformat Switch
Figure 5: Multiformat link based on electrical multiplexing
ETSI
15 ETSI TS 103 247 V1.1.1 (2015-09)
With this simple solution, evolution towards 1 Gbit/s Ethernet is not possible, as spectrums of Gigabit Ethernet and
terrestrial TV would overlap. One solution then consists in combining optical and electrical multiplexing: the RF signals
remain multiplexed in the electrical domain before modulating a laser. Gigabit (or more) Ethernet is applied to another
laser, the two optical signals being then combined by an optical mux. Two options again are possible: in the first one
(figure 6), one fibre is dedicated only to Ethernet signals, using bidirectional transmission at two different wavelengths,
while a second fibre is dedicated to the transmission of the RF multiplex. In the second option (figure 7), only one fibre
is used, thanks to additional optical mux/demux.
LD PD
1 Gb
Bidi Bidi 1 Gb
λ λ
SFP LD SFP
1 2
Ethernet PD
Ethernet
RF electrical demux
RF electrical Mux
Broadcasted Radio
Broadcasted Radio
LD
λ PD
DVB-T TV
DVB-T TV
DVB-S TV
DVB-S TV
1 port of the Multiformat Switch Extender

Figure 6: Multiformat link based on hybrid electrical / optical multiplexing (bifibre configuration)
PD
LD
1 Gb
1 Gb
Bidi Bidi
Ethernet SFP SFP
LD
PD λ λ Ethernet
1 2
RF electrical demux
RF electrical Mux
Broadcasted Radio
Broadcasted Radio λ
LD PD
DVB-T TV
DVB-T TV
DVB-S TV
DVB-S TV
Optical
Mux/Démux Extender
1 port of the Multiformat Switch

Figure 7: Multiformat link based on hybrid electrical / optical multiplexing
(single fibre configuration)
With these two options, evolution towards higher Ethernet bit rates (for example 10 Gbit/s) is simple, and has been
demonstrated, as only the Ethernet signal is present in this channel.
4.2.3.2 A longer-term architecture: the Multiformat Passive Star
The previously described solution, the multiformat active star, which has been widely demonstrated, is close to an
industrial development. However, it could be only the first step as capacity and multiplexing possibilities remain limited
on point to point links. Actually, the active central node, being not transparent, is a blocking point for optical signals,
and optical multiplexing and demultiplexing shall be achieved at each port of the MS. This leads to the proliferation of
optical devices and a drastic system cost increase. A second architecture, a longer term solution based on an optical
passive star, allows overcoming this issue. In this configuration, the network is centered on a passive N × N splitter,
which provides a broadcast architecture. Thanks to this splitter, a signal transmitted by any connected device is
broadcasted to all the device receivers. The CWDM (coarse WDM) technology is then used to separate the various
types of signals: the home network terminations (extenders) in the different rooms integrate optical "add and drop"
(A&D) filters allowing the injection or the selection of one wavelength to connect to the desired application. Instead of
standard optical bandpass filters, A&D modules are preferred as they give the possibility of cascading different
applications connected at one unique optical outlet, and thus to access to several services in each room. This CWDM
broadcast & select architecture provides not only an enormous capacity and an efficient separation between
incompatible signals, but also a great flexibility, as many different logical topologies should be emulated
simultaneously on such an infrastructure (figure 8).
ETSI
16 ETSI TS 103 247 V1.1.1 (2015-09)

Figure 8: The multiformat passive star solution (CWDM Broadcast & Select architecture)
The most basic application to be run in a HAN is to ensure data exchanges between devices at IP level for triple play
services (data, voice and TV over IP). These exchanges are based on P2P links in usual active star configurations, but
this option is not fitted to a CWDM approach on an N × N passive optical plant as it results in a waste of the wavelength
resource, each bidirectional P2P link requiring two wavelengths. This solution shall be dedicated to a few links
requiring a very high bit rate and an excellent Quality of Service (QoS) between two identified devices. Protocols and
topologies designed for shared medium applications are then preferred.
Two
...