ETSI TR 122 980 V15.0.0 (2019-07)

Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Network composition feasibility study (3GPP TR 22.980 version 15.0.0 Release 15)

RTR/TSGS-0122980vf00

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 22-Jul-2019
• Technical Committee: 3GPP SA 1 - Services
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Completion Date: 23-Jul-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

TECHNICAL REPORT
Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM);
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS);
LTE;
Network composition feasibility study
(3GPP TR 22.980 version 15.0.0 Release 15)

3GPP TR 22.980 version 15.0.0 Release 15 1 ETSI TR 122 980 V15.0.0 (2019-07)

Reference
RTR/TSGS-0122980vf00
Keywords
GSM,LTE,UMTS
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3GPP TR 22.980 version 15.0.0 Release 15 2 ETSI TR 122 980 V15.0.0 (2019-07)
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Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 2
Legal Notice . 2
Modal verbs terminology . 2
Foreword . 6
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Principles, Purpose and Benefits of Network Composition . 10
4.1 Principles . 10
4.1.1 General . 10
4.1.2 Types of Network Composition . 10
4.1.2 Other common styles . 12
4.2 Purpose and Benefits . 12
4.3 Management aspects. 13
4.4 Resource control, resource usage and resource access provisioning . 13
4.5 Multi-lateral Compositions . 14
4.5.1 General . 14
4.5.2 A set of bi-lateral Cas . 15
4.5.3 A multi-lateral CA . 16
4.5.4 Advantages and disadvantages of different approaches to support multi-lateral compositions . 17
5 Composition Use Cases . 18
5.1 Description . 18
5.2 Network Composition between Core Networks . 18
5.2.1 General . 18
5.2.2 Inter-operator Network Composition (via GRX) . 18
5.2.2.1 Short Description . 18
5.2.2.2 Actor Specific Issues and Benefits . 19
5.2.2.3 Pre-Conditions . 19
5.2.2.4 Normal Flow . 20
5.2.2.5 Alternative Flow . 20
5.2.2.6 Additional Information . 20
5.2.3 On-demand inter-operator Network Composition . 21
5.2.3.1 Short Description . 21
5.2.3.2 Actor Specific Issues and Benefits . 21
5.2.3.3 Pre-Conditions . 22
5.2.3.4 Normal Flow . 22
5.2.3.5 Alternative Flow . 22
5.2.3.6 Additional Information . 23
5.3 Network Composition between Core Network and Access Network . 23
5.3.1 Composition of a nomadic I-WLAN with a 3GPP network . 23
5.3.1.1 Short Description . 23
5.3.1.2 Actor Specific Issues and Benefits . 23
5.3.1.3 Pre-Conditions . 24
5.3.1.4 Normal Flow . 24
5.3.1.5 Alternative Flows . 24
5.3.1.6 Additional Information . 24
5.3.2 Scenario Extensions for I-WLAN / 3GPP network composition . 25
5.3.2.1 Short Description . 25
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5.3.2.2 Actor Specific Issues and Benefits . 25
5.3.2.3 Pre-Conditions . 26
5.3.2.4 Normal Flow . 26
5.3.2.5 Alternative Flow . 26
5.3.2.6 Additional information . 26
5.3.3 Network Composition of a moving network with 3GPP networks . 26
5.3.3.1 Short Description . 26
5.3.3.2 Actor Specific Issues and Benefits . 27
5.3.3.3 Pre-Conditions . 28
5.3.3.4 Normal Flow . 28
5.3.3.5 Alternative Flow . 28
5.3.3.6 Additional Information . 28
5.3.4 Access Networks – Core/service/identity provider networks: Network Composition of different
types of access networks with core networks providing different types of end user services. 28
5.3.4.1 Scenario overview . 28
5.3.4.2 Scenario technical description . 29
5.3.4.3 Operator / user role. 29
5.3.4.4 Composition Type . 29
5.3.4.5 Framework Agreement and Composition Agreement . 29
5.3.4.6 Scenario Benefits . 29
5.4 Network Composition between Access Networks . 30
5.5 Network Composition between Core Network and PAN/PN/UE . 30
5.6 Network Composition between Access Network and PAN/PN/UE . 31
5.6.1 Network Composition of individual users with access networks in public spaces . 31
5.6.1.1 Short Description . 31
5.6.1.2 Actor Specific Issues and Benefits . 31
5.6.1.3 Pre-Conditions . 32
5.6.1.4 Normal Flow . 32
5.6.1.5 Alternative Flow . 32
5.6.1.6 Additional Information . 32
5.7 Network Composition between PNs. 32
5.7.1 Short Description . 32
5.7.2 Actor Specific Issues and Benefits. 33
5.7.3 Pre-Conditions . 33
5.7.4 Normal Flow . 33
5.7.5 Alternative Flow . 35
5.7.6 Additional Information . 35
5.8 3GPP network operators forming a roaming consortium: . 36
5.9 Decomposition between Core Network and Access Network . 37
5.9.1 Decomposition between a nomadic I-WLAN and a 3GPP network . 37
5.9.1.1 Short Description . 37
5.9.1.2 Actor Specific Issues and Benefits . 37
5.9.1.3 Pre-Conditions . 38
5.9.1.4 Normal Flow . 38
5.9.1.5 Alternative Flows . 38
5.9.1.6 Additional Information . 38
6 Description of Composition Process . 38
6.1 Composition process . 38
6.1.1 Media Sense . 39
6.1.2 Discovery / Advertisement . 39
6.1.3 Establishment of Security and Internetworking Connectivity . 39
6.1.4 Composition Agreement Negotiation . 40
6.1.5 Composition Agreement Realization . 40
6.1.6 Maintaining a composed Composition Capable Network. 40
6.2 Decomposition Process . 41
6.2.1 Composition Agreement Unrealization . 41
6.2.2 Composition Agreement Invalidation . 41
6.2.3 Tear down of Security and Internetworking Connectivity . 41
6.2.4 Media Channel Disabling . 41
6.2.5 Decomposition Process Cooperation . 42
6.3 Composition Update process . 42
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7 Potential Composition Requirements . 42
7.1 High-level requirements . 42
7.2 Security and Privacy . 43
7.3 Functional requirements for Network Composition . 43
8 Conclusions . 45
9 Other concepts considered useful in the context of Network Composition . 45
Annex A: (informative) Additional information on Network Composition . 46
A1 Illustration of composition procedure involving multiple Network Compositions . 46
Annex B (Informative): Change history . 49
History . 50

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Foreword
rd
This Technical Report has been produced by the 3 Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).
The contents of the present document are subject to continuing work within the TSG and may change following formal
TSG approval. Should the TSG modify the contents of the present document, it will be re-released by the TSG with an
identifying change of release date and an increase in version number as follows:
Version x.y.z
where:
x the first digit:
1 presented to TSG for information;
2 presented to TSG for approval;
3 or greater indicates TSG approved document under change control.
y the second digit is incremented for all changes of substance, i.e. technical enhancements, corrections,
updates, etc.
z the third digit is incremented when editorial only changes have been incorporated in the document.
Introduction
In the last couple of years an increasing number of heterogeneous network types have come to the focus of attention,
e.g. heterogeneous access systems (otherwise known as multi-access), Personal Area Networks (PANs), Personal
Networks (PNs),moving networks etc. This trend is expected to continue. Different scenarios have been studied in the
All-IP Network (AIPN) Feasibility Study in TR 22.978 [5], which lists "network extensibility/composition " as a key
aspect of AIPN. The integration of PANs and Personal Networks will be specified within the scope of the Personal
Network Management (PNM) work item. Related Technical Specification work is ongoing within the AIPN Stage 1 in
TS 22.258 [6] and Personal Network Management Stage 1 in TS 22.259 [7]. It would be desirable for 3GPP networks to
be able to integrate many of these heterogeneous network types, or to interwork with them, in an efficient manner that
for operators is easy to manage and control.
This Technical Report is the result of a feasibility study on Network Composition, the concept of heterogeneous
network/system integration and interworking. It builds on the work of AIPN and studies Network Composition in more
detail. This includes integration of networks with different administrative domains, and the dynamic and flexible
integration of ad-hoc networks, PANs, WLANs etc. Particularly, the possibility for a uniform Network Composition
procedure is explored, independent of what kind of network is "composed" with the 3GPP system. Complementing the
AIPN work, in this report a concrete dynamic “plug&play” and flexible Network Composition procedure is described.
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1 Scope
The present document explores the feasibility of a uniform procedure for the integration of, and the interworking with, a
large variety of heterogeneous network types. This uniform procedure is called Network Composition. It focuses on ad-
hoc networks, PANs, moving networks etc., but also includes access systems. The goal is to avoid the need for defining
a new procedure for integration / interworking with each newly emerging network type and to explore the feasibility of
making the Network Composition procedure dynamic and to minimize human intervention ("plug and play"). Of
course, the high security (authentication, authorization) standards of 3GPP must thereby be maintained. Finally, it is
desirable for the Network Composition procedure to be flexible regarding what functionality is assumed in the
composing network.
It is conceivable that roaming within a pre-set commercial and technological environment could be established
dynamically using the same procedure.
This Feasibility Study covers the following aspects:
- Description of purpose and benefits of composition
- Composition use cases highlighting uniformity, dynamicity, security, manageability, scalability, flexibility, as
well as business aspects
- Study of potential composition requirements
- Description of the composition process
- Definition of traits and/or implications of introducing this functionality into the 3GPP system, covering subjects
such as management, multi-link radio access, mobility, context & policy awareness, security, and media
transcoding & adaptation capabilities.

2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication, edition number, version number, etc.) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies. In the case of a reference to a 3GPP document (including
a GSM document), a non-specific reference implicitly refers to the latest version of that document in the same
Release as the present document.
[1] “D7-2 Ambient Networks Security Architecture”, IST–2002-507134-AN/WP7/D02, F. Kohlmayer
et al
http://www.ambient-networks.org/publications/D7-1_PU.pdf
[2] “Host Identity Protocol Architecture”, R. Moskowitz, P. Nikander
http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc4423.txt
[3] “D3-2: Connecting Ambient Networks – Architecture and Protocol Design”, IST–2002-507137-
AN/WP3/D/3-2, J. Colás et al
http://www.ambient-networks.org/publications/AN D3-2 for publication.pdf
[4] 3GPP TR 21.905: “Vocabulary for 3GPP specifications”
[5] 3GPP TR 22.978: "All-IP Network (AIPN) feasibility study”
[6] 3GPP TS 22.258: “Service Requirements for the All-IP Network (AIPN); Stage 1”
[7] 3GPP TS 22.259: “Service Requirements for Personal Network Management; Stage 1”
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[8] 3GPP TS 22.278: “Service requirements for evolution of the 3GPP system (Release 8)”3G
[9] “D8-A.3: Business Role Models”, FP6-CALL4-027662-ANP2/D8-A.3”, O. Rietkerk et al, January
http://www.ambient-networks.org/publications/
[10] “D7-A.2: Draft System Description”, FP6-CALL4-027662-ANP2/D7-A.2”, M Johnsson, R
Hancock, A Schieder et al, January 2007
http://www.ambient-networks.org/publications/
[11] 3GPP TS 22.228: "Service requirements for the Internet Protocol (IP) multimedia core network
subsystem".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the terms and definitions given in [4] and the following apply.
Editors note: need to add definition of Compensation
Composition Agreement (CA): A Composition Agreement is an electronic agreement between CCNs. It includes the
policies to be followed by the composed CCNs, the identifier of the composed CCNs, how logical and physical
resources are controlled and/or shared between the composing CCNs, compensation information, etc. Where the CA
includes commercial and legal factors, the CA should be digitally signed by both CCNs (to support non-repudiation and
legal enforcement).
Composition Capable Network (CCN): A network or user device capable of Network Composition. A network may
be a 3GPP network or non-3GPP network.
Composition Process: A set of phases that all together describes the necessary procedures to perform a Network
Composition between CCNs. The phases may not need to be strictly ordered, and one or more of the phases can be
omitted depending on how the Network Composition is applied and its purpose.
Decomposition Process: A set of phases that all together describes the necessary procedures to cancel a Network
Composition between CCNs. The phases may not need to be strictly ordered, and one or more of the phases can be
omitted depending on how the Network Composition is cancelled.
Network Composition: A dynamically created cooperation between an evolved 3GPP network and another network or
user device, or between networks/user devices in general. This cooperation is ruled by the Composition Agreement
agreed during the Composition Process.
Resource, resource control, resource usage, and resource access provisioning: A resource is an entity provided by a
CCN, e.g. bandwidth, AAA (Authentication, Authorisation, and Accounting) functionality and mobility functionality.
It is characterized by the following: A resource is controlled – in the sense of configured and administered - by a CCN
(e.g. a PLMN controls its AAA and mobility functionality) in order to show a certain specified behaviour. A resource
can be used by a CCN (e.g. a User Equipment (UE) or PAN using the AAA and mobility functionality provided by a
PLMN). The access to usage of the resource is provided (e.g. a Visited PLMN (VPLMN) provides access to the AAA
functionality in the Home PLMN (HPLMN), or a mobile network provides access to the mobility functionality of a
PLMN). Usage, control and access provisioning to a given resource can be performed by different CCNs. A resource
may have inherent, resource type-specific properties that may be subject to CA negotiation.
Virtual Composition: Network Composition between CCNs that are not in direct physical contact but exchange
information (e.g. through packets) via another transport network(s).
example: text used to clarify abstract rules by applying them literally.
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3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
Symbol format

3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in TR 21.905 [x] and the following apply. An
abbreviation defined in the present document takes precedence over the definition of the same abbreviation, if any, in
TR 21.905 [x].
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AAA Authentication, Authorisation, and Accounting
AIPN All-IP Network
AN Access Network
CA Composition Agreement
CCN Composition Capable Network
CD Control Delegation
CN Core Network
CS Control Sharing
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
GANS Generic Ambient Network Signalling
GRX GPRS Roaming eXchange
GSMA GSM Association
HIP Host Identity Protocol
HLR Home Location Register
HPLMN Home PLMN
HSS Home Subscriber Server
IKE Internet Key Exchange
IMS IP Multimedia Subsystem
IMSI International Mobile Subscriber Identity
IP Internet Protocol
IPSec Internet Protocol Security
IPX IP eXchange
ISIM IM Services Identity Module
I-WLAN Interworked WLAN
PAN Personal Area Network
PDG Packet Data Gateway
PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
PN Personal Network
PNM Personal Network Management
QoS Quality of Service
RAT Radio Access Technology
RC Roaming Consortium
RNC Radio Network Controller
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
SIM Subscriber Identity Module
SLA Service Level Agreement
UE User Equipment
UICC UMTS IC Card
USIM UMTS Subscriber Identity Module
UTRAN UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network
VPLMN Visited PLMN
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network

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4 Principles, Purpose and Benefits of Network
Composition
4.1 Principles
4.1.1 General
3GPP networks of today cooperate with other networks: For example, they exchange user traffic with other Public Land
Mobile Networks (PLMNs), fixed network and the Internet, they cooperate with these networks on the basis of roaming
agreements, and cooperate with non-3GPP Radio Access Technologies (RATs), e.g. Interworked WLAN (I-WLAN).
3GPP networks will also cooperate with user-owned networks, e.g. Personal Networks and PANs. The cooperation of
3GPP networks with other networks however is mostly of a static, preconfigured nature. For example, the cooperation
with a I-WLAN Access Network is based on manual configuration, and the I-WLAN is expected to be immobile, i.e.
the access point is statically installed and does not roam. Moreover, the process to (both technically and
administratively) achieve cooperation with other networks is highly dependent on the nature of the network and the goal
of the cooperation. Network Composition is about making this process both dynamic and uniform.
Network Composition is a uniform procedure that allows cooperation of two or more Composition Capable Networks.
These other networks may be of a rather heterogeneous nature, ranging e.g. from PLMNs over fixed networks to
rd
Personal Area Networks and including 3 party operated access networks. The cooperation enabled through Network
Composition can be quite loose, as in the case of a dynamic roaming agreement between PLMNs. It can also be very
tight, as in the case of the dynamic integration of a non-3GPP RAT into the evolved 3GPP network. The point is that,
despite these differences, the basic procedure for achieving the cooperation in all scenarios is identical.
Network Composition furthermore is a procedure that allows a dynamic cooperation of the CCN with heterogeneous
other networks. While an established framework agreement (e.g., a contract written on paper)between the composing
parties that defines the context (e.g., legal or commercial) within which Network Composition is carried out may be
required prior to composition, the actual composition is automated and “on the fly”. This may include the dynamic,
automated renegotiation and adaptation of certain parameters, e.g. bandwidth, within the limits pre-set in the framework
agreement. However, also fully electronically negotiated agreements without prior framework agreement may be
feasible.
The dynamically negotiated agreement between the composing CCNs is called Composition Agreement (CA). It
contains the detailed parameters of the cooperation between composed networks. Together with a possible framework
agreement, the CA reflects both business (contractual interaction points, payment method) and technical (management,
QoS, technical capabilities) issues and also specifies the rights and duties for each party. Since potentially a large
number of parameters would have to be negotiated, the (partial) re-use of CAs that have been used in previous
compositions of the same parties, or that were pre-established offline, is anticipated in order to speed up the process.
4.1.2 Types of Network Composition
The cooperation of CCNs can happen on both the user plane and the control plane. Dynamic cooperation on the user
plane is already possible today. It means user traffic originating from one network is forwarded in the other network.
However, cooperation across network boundaries to achieve end-to-end control functions like QoS and security as well
as mobility iscurrently very difficult to establish.

Cooperation on the control plane can take many forms. Individual control functionalities, e.g. mobility control,
authentication and authorization, QoS control or charging, can be left unchanged by the composition process, or they
can be delegated, or even integrated. Several types of composition can be distinguished based on how resources are
contributed:
- Network Interworking: The composing CCNs stay separate networks also after composition. They maintain
control of their own resources. An example for this composition type is interworking at the control plane to
establish QoS. Here each of the composing networks accepts user traffic from the other network and provides a
particular QoS. QoS control remains in each network. It is not delegated, integrated or shared. All resources that
are contributed according to Networking Interworking have their control unchanged. Who has rights to provide
the access to use the contributed resources is subject to the CA between composed CCNs and is not affected by
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the composition type. For example, in this case, CCN 2 may provide access to use the contributed resources by
CCN 1, and vice versa.
Compose
CCN 1 CCN 2
CCN 1 CCN 2
(Resources: R ) (Resources: R )
(Resources: R ) (Resources: R ) n m
n m
CA CA
Figure 1: Network Interworking

- Control Sharing: Two CCNs stay separate, but share their resources. If a common control of any resources is
involved, then a new common/virtual CCN (CCN 12) is created on top of the member CCNs. This new
common/virtual CCN controls only the resources contributed to the new CCN. No member CCN has abilities to
control the contributed resources, thus this is always done by the new common/virtual CCN. Also in this case, it
is subject to the CA between CCN 1 and CCN 2 who is going to provide the access to use the contributed
resources. Instead of exercising common control, control of certain resources can also be delegated to another
CCN, which is defined below, so that after a composition has taken place, a CCN does not have control of the
delegated resources anymore.
Compose
CCN 1 CCN 2 CCN 1 CCN 2
(Resources: R ) (Resources: R )
(Resources: R ) (Resources: R )
n m n-k m-l
CCN 12
(Resources: R )
k+l
CA
Figure 2: Control Sharing
- Control Delegation (a special type of Control Sharing): Here at least control of one resource is delegated
from one CCN to the other CCN. The delegated resource control may also be located in a new (logical) CCN.
Control delegation can be realized e.g. between a WLAN access network and the 3GPP network in a 3GPP-
WLAN interworking scenario. Here, the AAA control for the WLAN access is delegated to the 3GPP network.
Another example is the delegation of mobility control for mobile devices of a moving network to a mobile
router. This allows network mobility in a way that is transparent to the mobile devices. All resources that are
contributed according to Control Delegation follow the same set of rules defined for Network Interworking with
the exception that right to control of the contributed resources are delegated to the other CCN who was not in
control of the resource(s). Also in this case, it is separate issue on who has rights to do access provisioning and it
is defined in the CA.
Compose
CCN 1 CCN 2
CCN 1 CCN 2
(Resources: R ,R) (Resources: R ,R )
(Resources: R ) (Resources: R )
n-k l m-l k
n m
CA CA
Figure 3: Control Delegation
- Network Integration: Two CCNs are merged to form one new CCN. All resources are inherited from the
original CCNs, which are now controlled jointly. From the perspective a network or network element outside the
new CCN, the original CCNs are no longer distinguishable. An example is the dynamic extension of the network
of a single operator to include a new access network. All resources are controlled by a new common/virtual
CCN, and access provisioning is done by this new CCN and/or another CCN.
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Figure 4: Network Integration
The composition types defined above can be also combined such that logical and physical resources are contributed in
different ways. For example, if two resources A and B are contributed to a composition and A has its control delegated
and B is under a common control, then the composition type is derived from the contributed resource requiring the
highest level of co-operation. In this case, resource B represents the highest level of cooperation and therefore the
composition type is control sharing with a new CCN.
The only exception is network integration where all resources are contributed in the same way; i.e. they are all under
common control
The different composition types should be seen only as a rough classification to help understand a particular use case.
They are not meant to be formal definitions and should not be used as such .
The Composition Process proceeds through a number of phases which are described in more detail in Sec. 6. They
include a first advertisement and discovery phase in which composition is triggered, a phase in which the CA is
negotiated, and a phase in which the CA is realized.
Network Composition does not prerequisite physical vicinity of the composing networks. Given adequate security, also
a “virtual composition” via a connecting bearer is conceivable.
However, in order to define the context (e.g., legal or commercial) within which Network Composition Network
Composition is carried out, it is expected that the composing parties have already established a framework agreement
before the actual Network Composition takes place. The substance of such a fram
...