ETSI TR 103 083 V1.1.1 (2014-03)

Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); System Reference document (SRdoc); Technical characteristics for pan European harmonized communications equipment operating in the 5,855 GHz to 5,925 GHz range intended for road safety and traffic management, and for non-safety related ITS applications

DTR/ERM-TG37-023

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 24-Mar-2014
• Technical Committee: ERM TG37 - ERM Intelligent Transport Systems
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 17-Apr-2014
• Completion Date: 25-Mar-2014

Standards Content (Sample)

Technical Report
Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
System Reference document (SRdoc);
Technical characteristics for pan European harmonized
communications equipment operating
in the 5,855 GHz to 5,925 GHz range intended for
road safety and traffic management,
and for non-safety related ITS applications

2 ETSI TR 103 083 V1.1.1 (2014-03)

Reference
DTR/ERM-TG37-023
Keywords
ITS, radio, SRDoc, transport
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3 ETSI TR 103 083 V1.1.1 (2014-03)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Executive summary . 11
5 Current regulations . 12
5.1 Overview . 12
5.2 Spectrum regulation for the ITS system in the band 5,855 GHz to 5,925 GHz. 12
5.3 Licensing conditions. 13
5.4 Global usage . 13
6 Proposed changes to regulation . 14
6.1 Overview . 14
6.2 Spectrum Mask in the out-of band and in the spurious domain . 14
6.3 Devices to be included in the regulation . 15
6.4 Additional possible mitigation factors . 15
7 Main conclusions . 16
7.1 Business importance . 16
7.2 Expected timing for ITS to market in Europe . 16
Annex A: Market information . 17
A.1 Summary of application types . 17
A.2 Situation outside Europe . 17
A.2.1 North America . 17
A.2.2 Far East, Australia, South America . 18
A.3 Examples of applications. 18
A.3.1 Overview . 18
A.3.2 List of safety related applications . 18
A.3.3 Specific applications. 19
A.3.3.1 Workzone warning, figure A.1 . 19
A.3.3.2 Emergency vehicle approaching, figure A.2 . 20
A.3.3.3 Hazard warning with car-to-car communication, figure A.3 . 20
A.3.3.4 Pedestrian Activity Alert, figure A.4 . 21
A.4 Market size and value . 22
A.5 Traffic evaluation . 23
Annex B: Technical information . 24
B.1 Technical description . 24
B.1.1 IEEE 802.11-2012 . 24
B.1.2 System parameters . 25
B.2 Technical justification for spectrum . 25
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4 ETSI TR 103 083 V1.1.1 (2014-03)
B.2.1 Introduction . 25
B.2.2 Link budget . 26
B.3 Information on current version of relevant standards . 27
Annex C: Expected compatibility issues . 28
C.1 General Coexistence studies . 28
C.2 Specific coexistence studies . 33
Annex D: Coexistence with CEN DSRC tolling systems . 34
D.1 Victim System technical overview . 34
D.2 Parameters and protection criteria of RTTT road tolling systems . 34
D.2.1 Introduction and overview . 34
D.2.2 Technical Characteristics of the Road side Unit (RSU) . 36
D.2.2.1 RF characteristics . 36
D.2.2.2 Antenna . 36
D.2.3 Technical Characteristics of the Onboard Unit (OBU) . 37
D.2.3.1 RF characteristics . 37
D.2.3.2 Antenna . 37
D.2.4 Protocol Layer . 38
D.3 Potential mitigation factors and methods . 38
D.3.1 Introduction . 38
D.3.2 Bi-modal operation . 38
D.3.3 Duty cycle restrictions . 38
Annex E: Bibliography . 40
History . 41

ETSI
5 ETSI TR 103 083 V1.1.1 (2014-03)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM).
Introduction
The present document includes necessary information to support the co-operation under the MoU between ETSI and the
Electronic Communications Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Post and Telecommunications
Administrations (CEPT).
In the present document the existing frequency allocation for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) including the
out-of-band spectrum mask will be reviewed. This review will include a detailed analyses of the interference potential
of the ITS systems operating in the 5 GHz band towards potential victim services.
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6 ETSI TR 103 083 V1.1.1 (2014-03)
1 Scope
The present document describes the updated spectrum usage requirements for equipment related to:
• roadside/infrastructure to vehicle communications (RVC);
• inter-vehicle communications (IVC);
• restricted portable devices to vehicle communications;
with the main focus onto the out-of-band spectrum mask in the band between 5 725 MHz to 5 965 MHz in order to
allow for an efficient system implementation.
It includes necessary information to support the co-operation between ETSI and the Electronic Communications
Committee (ECC) of the European Conference of Post and Telecommunications Administrations (CEPT), including:
• Market information in annex A.
• Technical information in annex B.
• Coexistence information in annexes C and D.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] CEPT ECC/DEC/(04)08 of 12 November 2004 on the harmonised use of the 5 GHz frequency
bands for the implementation of Wireless Access Systems including Radio Local Area Networks
(WAS/RLANs).
[i.2] FCC Rules and Regulations, (August 3, 2004): "Regulations governing the licensing and use of
frequencies in the 5850 – 5925 MHz band for Dedicated Short Range Communications Service".
[i.3] Car-2-Car Communication Consortium (Press Release of 10 October 2012): "European vehicle
manufacturers working hand in hand on deployment of cooperative Intelligent Transport Systems
and Services (C-ITS)".
NOTE: Available at: https://www.car-2-car.org/car2car08/index.php?id=20.
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7 ETSI TR 103 083 V1.1.1 (2014-03)
[i.4] ETSI EN 300 674: "ElectroMagnetic Compatibility and Radio Spectrum Matters (ERM); Road
Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Technical characteristics and test methods for
Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) transmission equipment (500 kbit/s/250 kbit/s)
operating in the 5,8 GHz Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band".
[i.5] Commission Decision 2008/671/EC of 5 August 2008 on the harmonised use of radio spectrum in
the 5 875-5 905 MHz frequency band for safety-related applications of Intelligent Transport
Systems (ITS).
[i.6] ETSI EN 302 571 (V1.2.1): "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Radiocommunications
equipment operating in the 5 855 MHz to 5 925 MHz frequency band; Harmonized EN covering
the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
[i.7] ECC/DEC/(08)01: "ECC Decision of 14 March 2008 on the harmonised use of the
5875-5925 MHz frequency band for Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)".
[i.8] ECC/REC/(08)01: "ECC Recommendation (08)01 on the use of the band 5855-5875 MHz for
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS)".
[i.9] ECC Report 101: "Compatibility studies in the band 5855- 5925 MHz between Intelligent
Transport Systems (ITS) and other systems", Bern, February 2007.
[i.10] ECC Report 109: "The aggregate impact from the proposed new systems (ITS, BBDR and
BFWA) in the 5725-5925 MHz band on the other services/systems currently operating in this
band", Budapest, September 2007.
[i.11] IEEE 802.11j: "Standard for Information technology – Telecommunications and information
exchange between systems – Local and metropolitan area networks-Specific requirements –
Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications-
Amendment 7: 4.9 GHz-5 GHz Operation in Japan".
[i.12] IEEE 802.11a: "Information Technology – Telecommunications and Information Exchange
Between Systems – LAN/MAN – Specific Requirements".
[i.13] IEEE 802.11-2012: "IEEE Standard for Information technology–Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks–Specific
requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications".
[i.14] IEEE 802.11h: "Standard for IT – Telecommunications and information exchange between
systems – LAN/MAN – Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless MAC and PHY Specifications –
Spectrum and Transmit Power Management Extensions in the 5 GHz Band in Europe".
[i.15] SRDMG(13)Info3: "Implementation status ECC/DEC/(08)01 at the end of 2012".
[i.16] ETSI TR 101 607: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Cooperative ITS (C-ITS); Release 1".
[i.17] ETSI TS 102 792: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Mitigation techniques to avoid
interference between European CEN Dedicated Short Range Communication (CEN DSRC)
equipment and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) operating in the 5 GHz frequency range".
[i.18] ETSI EN 302 665: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Communications Architecture".
[i.19] Project: SimTD: Sichere Intelligente Mobilität: Testfeld Deutschland.
NOTE: Available at http://www.simtd.de/.
[i.20] European Commissions Mandate M/453: "Standardisation Mandate addressed to CEN, CENELEC
and ETSI in the field of information and communication technologies to support the
interoperability of Co-operative Systems for Intelligent Transport in the European Community",
Brussels, October 2009.
[i.21] CEPT/ERC Report 25: "The European Table of Frequency Allocations and Utilisations Covering
the Frequency Range 9 kHz to 275 GHz".
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8 ETSI TR 103 083 V1.1.1 (2014-03)
[i.22] Recommendation ITU-R F.1613: "Operational and deployment requirements for fixed wireless
access systems in the fixed service in Region 3 to ensure the protection of systems in the Earth
exploration-satellite service (active) and the space research service (active) in the band
5 250-5 350 MHz".
[i.23] Recommendation ITU-R M.1638: "Characteristics of and protection criteria for sharing studies for
radiolocation, aeronautical radionavigation and meteorological radars operating in the frequency
bands between 5 250 and 5 850 MHz".
[i.24] Recommendation ITU-R SA.1632: "Sharing in the band 5 250-5 350 MHz between the Earth
exploration-satellite service (active) and wireless access systems (including radio local area
networks) in the mobile service".
[i.25] CEN EN 12795: "Road transport and traffic telematics – Dedicated Short Range, Communication
(DSRC) – DSRC data link layer: medium access and logical link control".
[i.26] ERC Rec 70-03: "Relating to the use od Short Range Devices (SRD)", Tromsø 1997, amended
October 2013.
[i.27] CEN EN 13372: "Road transport and traffic telematics – Dedicated Short Range Communication
(DSRC) – Profiles for RTTT applications".
[i.28] CEN EN 12253: "CEN EN 12253: "Road transport and traffic telematics – Dedicated Short Range
Communication (DSRC) – Physical layer using microwave at 5,8 GHz".
[i.29] ETSI TR 102 654: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Road
Transport and Traffic Telematics (RTTT); Co-location and Co-existence Considerations regarding
Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC) transmission equipment and Intelligent Transport
Systems (ITS) operating in the 5 GHz frequency range and other potential sources of interference".
[i.30] ETSI TR 102 960: "Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS); Mitigation techniques to avoid
interference between European CEN Dedicated Short Range Communication (RTTT DSRC)
equipment and Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) operating in the 5 GHz frequency range
Evaluation of mitigation methods and techniques".
[i.31] Recommendation ITU-R SM.329: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain".
[i.32] Recommendation ITU-R SM.1539: "Variation of the boundary between the out-of-band and
spurious domains required for the application of Recommendations ITU-R SM.1541 and
ITU-R SM.329".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
inter-vehicle communications: generic expression for bi-directional communications between vehicles
NOTE: May include multi-hop routing involving several vehicles.
On-board unit: radio, transmitter and receiver, installed in a vehicle
NOTE: A portable user device brought into the vehicle and connected to the vehicle's electronic system will also
fall under this definition.
Pedestrian-to-vehicle communications: communications between a mobile or portable user device and a vehicle
portable unit: pedestrian device, e.g. a portable user device that can send and receive vehicular safety messages
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9 ETSI TR 103 083 V1.1.1 (2014-03)
road-side unit: radio, transmitter and receiver, usually fixed as part of the road infrastructure installed along a road,
e.g. on gantries above the lane or at poles beside the lane
NOTE: Can be a single RSU in a stand-alone fashion or a group of RSUs connected to infrastructure.
Roadside-to-vehicle communications: communication between a RSU and a mobile ITS station, also referred to as
downlink communications
roadside-vehicle communications: generic expression for communications between a roadside and a vehicle, which
may include both downlink and uplink communications
NOTE: May include multi-hop routing involving several vehicles, may allow for Internet access, may be based
on handover between adjacent roadside units.
Road Transport and Traffic Telematic (RTTT): Transport and traffic telematics systems for the dedicated use in
road environments
Transport and Traffic Telematic (TTT): systems in which information and communication technologies are applied
in the field of transport (depending on technical restrictions for road rail, water and air), traffic management, navigation
and mobility management, as well as for interfaces with other modes of transport including communication in vehicles
between vehicles (e.g. car-to-car), and between vehicles and fixed locations (e.g. car-to-infrastructure).
NOTE: In the actual regulatory discussion and documents RTTT is being replaced with TTT, see
ERC REC 70-03 [i.26].
Vehicle-to-roadside communications: communication between a mobile ITS station and an RSU, also referred to as
uplink communications
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
P received power in dBm
e
P transmit power in dBm
s
G transmit antenna gain in dBi
s
G receive antenna gain in dBi
e
L path loss in dB
L path loss in dB up to the breakpoint
d distance
d breakpoint
λ carrier wave length
r radius of first Fresnel zone
n path loss coefficient
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ABS Antilock Braking system
ACC Automotive Cruise Control
BER Bit error ratio
BPSK Binary Phase shift Keying
BSA Basic set of applications
BW Bandwidth
C2C-CC Car-to-Car Communication Consortium
CALM M5 CALM for the 5 GHz Microwave range
CALM Continuous Air interface Long and Medium range
CAM Cooperative awareness message
CEN European Committee for Standardization
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
dBm Power in decibel relative to 1 mW
ETSI
10 ETSI TR 103 083 V1.1.1 (2014-03)
DCC Decentralized Congestion Control
DENM Decentralized Environmental Notification Message
DFS Dynamic Frequency Selection
DSRC Dedicated Short Range Communication
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
EC European Commission
ECA European Common Allocation
ECC Electronic Communication Committee
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated power
EN European Norm
ERC European Radiocommunications Committee
EU European Union
FCC Federal Communication Commission
FIXED no abbreviations
FSS Fixed Satellite System
GI Guard Interval
GSO Geostationary Satellite Orbit
IEEE Institution of Electrical and Electronic Engineers
Ipv6 Internet Protocol version 6
ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical
ISO International Standards Organization
ITS Intelligent Transport Systems
ITS-G 5,9 GHz Cooperative ITS system
ITU-R International Telecommunication Union – Radio
IVC Inter-Vehicle Communications
LBT Listen-Before-Talk
LHCP Left Hand Circular Polarization
MAC Medium Access Control
MSS Mobile Satellite station
OBU On-Board Unit
OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer
PHY Physical Layer
QPSK Quadrature Phased Shift Keying
R&TTE Radio Equipment & Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
R2V Roadside-to-Vehicle
RF Radio Frequency
RLAN Radio Local Area Network
RR Radio resource
RSU Road-Side Unit
RTTT Road Transport and Traffic Telematics
RVC Roadside-Vehicle Communications
RX Receiver
SRD Short Range Device
TB Technical Body
TBD To be discussed
TC Technical Committee
TPC Transmit Power Control
TR ETSI Technical Report
TS Technical Specification
TTT Transport and Traffic Telematic
TX Transmitter
US United States
USA United States of America
V2R Vehicle-to-Roadside
V2V Vehicle-to-Vehicle
VTS Vessel Traffic Service
WAS Wireless Access System
WAVE Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment
NOTE: Name of WLAN for Vehicular Environments technology in IEEE 802.11-1012 [i.13].
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
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11 ETSI TR 103 083 V1.1.1 (2014-03)
4 Executive summary
ECC Decision (08)01 and Commission Decision 2008/671/EC [i.5] identify the frequency band 5 875 MHz to
5 905 MHz on a non-exclusive basis for ITS road safety applications. ECC Decision (08)01 is currently implemented in
39 CEPT countries including all EU member states. TR 101 607 [i.16] includes the standards developed under the
mandate 453 and was agreed in early 2013 as the Release 1 for ITS in the spectrum 5 875 MHz to 5 905 MHz. The
objectives for a release process are:
• An organized process for standardization activity for cooperative ITS.
• Standardization based on agreed functionalities to be deployed by the stakeholders.
• The release process to be coordinated between the CEN and ETSI as far as possible.
• The functionalities and technologies (i.e. the features) to be subject to a consultation process with stakeholder
deploying the cooperative ITS.
Release 1 is basically the "minimum set of standards" for interoperability provided in accordance with M/453 [i.20].
These standards are intended for the initial deployment of cooperative ITS and have been developed by ETSI and CEN.
They include a basic set of ITS applications (BSA).
The application and facility layer standards cover the requirements deriving from the basic use cases identified by the
involved stakeholders for the initial deployment. This includes agreed message sets as well as the higher layer data
exchange protocols required for driver information and for dissemination of hazard warnings.
In addition a standard for a simplified point of interest notification service for electrical vehicles has been developed
within ETSI and published.
The focus has been set on direct V2V communication, an access technology agnostic approach has been at all times
followed, this guaranteeing the future validity of Release 1 standards.
The developed communication standards include the network and transport layers, GeoNetworking for ITS-G5
(GPS/Galileo positioning information is used) and Basic Transport Protocol being fully specified. The required
standards for enabling Ipv6 based services to be deployed have been also developed and are part of the Release 1
document set.
Access and media standards for 5,9 GHz spectrum usage (profiling IEEE 802.11), multichannel operation, decentralized
congestion control and coexistence of ITS and CEN-DSRC based services (road tolling/electronic fee collection) in the
5,8 GHz and 5,9 GHz bands have been covered by standards intended for this initial ITS release.
Furthermore, basic management and security standards as well as reference architecture standards, test specifications
and reports from interoperability tests are included in Release 1.
Major car manufacturers recently signed a Memorandum of Understanding to signal their intentions to provide
cooperative systems from 2015 on [i.3]. V2V communications will be integrated in the refined telematics platform of
the vehicles and its applications will mainly evolve the three areas:
• advanced driver assistance increasing road safety;
• increasing traffic efficiency with traffic congestion control;
• user communications and information services (comfort and business applications).
The first implementation under Release 1 will most likely only use parts of the spectrum identified by ECC and EC.
The present document supports the review of the ITS regulation in the CEPT ECC and proposes reconsideration in
particular on the following items:
1) Investigate the optimization of the existing spectrum mask for the deployment of ITS systems in the 5,9 GHz
range with the main focus on the out-of-band emissions and the emissions in the spurious domain.
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12 ETSI TR 103 083 V1.1.1 (2014-03)
2) ECC is requested to consider exemption from individual licensing for all ITS stations, including the roadside-
to-vehicle communications and portable ITS stations with restricted capabilities. In this context, it should be
noted that in the ITS station concept, there is no difference in the functions between a vehicle-based station, a
fixed installed station or a portable ITS station, i.e. all ITS stations can support all features and facilities.
3) Introduction of additional mitigation factors and methods for optimized coexistence.
5 Current regulations
5.1 Overview
The current regulation of the ITS G5 system is based on the EC decision 2008/671/EC of 5 August 2008 [i.5] as well as
ECC/DEC/(08)01 [i.7] covering the ITS G5A channels from 5,875 GHz to 5,905 GHz and the ECC Recommendation
ECC/REC/(08)01 [i.8] covering the ITS G5B channels from 5,855 GHz to 5,875 GHz. The essential requirements to
fulfil the R&TTE Directive are covered in the Harmonized Standard EN 302 571 [i.6] for the band 5,855 GHz to
5,925 GHz. In the following clause the details of the existing regulation will be presented.
The ECC/DEC/(08)01 has been implemented by 38 CEPT administrations by the end of 2012 including all EU member
states. While the authorization regime for inter-vehicle communications is clear, the process for roadside-to-vehicle, i.e.
for fixed installed ITS stations, is not so clear and several administrations expressed the need to clarify the situation or
see this under study. Two administrations use individual authorizations for roadside-to-vehicle communications while
many others use license-exemption (see SRDMG(13)Info3 [i.15]). ECC Decision (08)01 is up for review in 2014.
5.2 Spectrum regulation for the ITS system in the band
5,855 GHz to 5,925 GHz
In table 1 the current regulatory limits for the total RF output power and the power spectral density as given in [i.5],
[i.6] and [i.7] are depicted.
Table 1: Limits for total RF output power and
Power Spectral Density at the highest power level based on [i.5], [i.6] and [i.7]
Frequency range RF output power limit Power spectral density limit Remark
(MHz) (e.i.r.p.) (e.i.r.p.)
(dBm) (dBm/MHz)
5 855 to 5 875 33 23 ECC/REC/(08)01 [i.8]
5 875 to 5 905 33 23 ECC/DEC/(08)01 [i.7] and EC
decision 2008/671/EC [i.5]
5 905 to 5 925 33 23 ECC/DEC/(08)01 [i.7]

The out-of-band spectrum requirements defined in Europe as part of the EU regulations in
EU Decision 2008/671/EC [i.5], ECC/DEC/(08)01 [i.7] and ECC/REC/(08)01 [i.8] are given in table 2.
Table 2: Out of band Spectrum Requirements for ITS G5 systems defined in 2008/671/EC [i.5],
ECC/DEC/(08)01 [i.7] and ECC/REC/(08)01 [i.8]
Frequency range Maximum power, (e.i.r.p.) Reference bandwidth
(dBm)
1 GHz < f < 5,795 GHz -30 1 MHz
5,795 GHz < f < 5,815 GHz -65 1 MHz
5,815 GHz < f < 5,850 GHz -55 1 MHz
5,850 GHz < f < 5,855 GHz -30 1 MHz
5,925 GHz < f < 5,965 GHz -65 1 MHz
5,965 GHz < f < 18 GHz -30 1 MHz

In addition a power control range of 30 dB is required for ITS systems operating in the band 5,855 GHz to 5,925 GHz.
ETSI
13 ETSI TR 103 083 V1.1.1 (2014-03)
The actual spectrum mask for the ITS allocation in Europe is depicted in figure 1.
+23 dBm/MHz
+ 20
+ 10
-10
Future
IT S-G5B
Ex tension
- 20
non safet y ITS-G5 A
-30dBm/MHz
Road sa fe ty re lat ed
re late d
- 30 IT S-G5D
Road
Non EU EU wide
- 40
safety
wide
re late d
- 50
-55dBm/MHz
- 60
-65dBm/MHz
-65dBm/MHz
- 70
5,79 5,80 5,81 5,82 5,83 5,84 5,85 5,86 5,87 5,88 5,89 5,90 5,91 5,92 5,93
Frequency in GHz
Figure 1: ITS spectrum allocation including out-of-band mask based on 2008/671/EC [i.5],
ECC/DEC/(08)01 [i.7] and ECC/REC/(08)01 [i.8]
5.3 Licensing conditions
The spectrum for safety related ITS services should be individual license free.
Important conditions to note are:
• this is a public safety measure to improve road safety and as such politically prioritized;
• the practical problems of licensing in a global car market are immense;
• it is a common experience of the car manufacturers that neither drivers nor car holders are willing to pay for
the operation of safety systems, e.g. data transmission fees;
• ITS services are expected to have a very slow take-off if there are costly licensing policies.
5.4 Global usage
Industry is aiming for cost reasons (e.g. usage of components of the shelf to benefit from economy of scale) for
frequencies which are globally available, or if that is not possible at least for frequencies which are in the same range as
frequency allocations in other regions to allow the usage of the same hardware with different software. This degree of
harmonization of frequencies on the global level is necessary since there is a need for these applications throughout the
world, and since vehicles are marketed in the global marketplace. Different types of emergency communication system
may hinder safety.
Car manufacturers and their suppliers require that the same radio subsystem can be used in all cars. The usage of the
same antenna all over the world is an important cost factor for the OEMs because the shape of the car has a large
influence on the antenna design.
ETSI
Power Spectrum Density in dBm/MHz e.i.r.p.

14 ETSI TR 103 083 V1.1.1 (2014-03)
6 Proposed changes to regulation
6.1 Overview
In Europe the spectrum 5 855 MHz to 5 925 MHz has been identified as spectrum for ITS services split into 5 channel
with a bandwidth of 10 MHz each. Three of these channels (5 875 MHz to 5 905 MHz) are allocated for road safety
related ITS applications [i.5]. The band 5 855 MHz to 5 875 MHz is reserved for road efficiency and also road safety
related applications. The band 5 905 MHz to 5 925 MHz is for future extensions:
• The radiated power levels range from 0 dBm (e.i.r.p.) to 33 dBm (e.i.r.p.) to achieve communication distances
of up to 1 000 metres.
• These ITS services need protection which cannot be found in the 5 GHz WLAN frequency bands or in the
5,8 GHz ISM frequency band.
• These bands are harmonized with the US allocation for ITS services in the US [i.2].
The main difference in the allocation is the out-of-band emissions and the spectrum mask in the spurious domain of the
ITS systems.
6.2 Spectrum Mask in the out-of band and in the spurious
domain
+23 dBm/MHz
+ 20
+ 10
-10
Fu tu re
IT S- G5 B
Extension
- 20
non safe ty
IT S-G5A
-30dBm/MHz
related Road safety re late d
- 30
ITS-G5D
-40dBm/MHz
-40dBm/MHz Road
Non EU EU wide
- 40
safety
wide
re lat ed
- 50
- 60
- 70
5,79 5,80 5,81 5,82 5,83 5,84 5,85 5,86 5,87 5,88 5,89 5,90 5,91 5,92 5,93
Frequency in GHz
Figure 2: Proposed spectrum regulation with the focus on the out-of-band
The proposed new spectrum has relaxed spectrum restriction in the band 5,795 GHz to 5,850 GHz and above
5,925 GHz.
Additional mitigation mechanisms are required for the frequency range 5,795 GHz < f < 5,815 GHz and 5,855 GHz < f
< 5,925 GHz as described in clause D.3 in order to protect the road tolling.
ETSI
Power Spectrum Density in dBm/MHz e.i.r.p.

15 ETSI TR 103 083 V1.1.1 (2014-03)
The proposal in figure 2 is considered to be in line with Recommendation 74-01 which is to be used within a broader
context of Recommendations of the ITU-R, dealing with unwanted emissions that are summarized by the
ECC/REC/02-05 "Unwanted emissions". In particular, those ITU-R documents contain information and guidance on the
applicability and measurement of limits reported in this Recommendation, namely considering:
a) that Recommendation ITU-R SM.329 [i.31] provides options for different categories of limits for unwanted
emissions in the spurious domain; moreover it provides some degree of freedom to administrations, for
definition of frequency boundaries of spurious domain and the detailed transition of the limits nearby the
fundamental emission; in particular it allows, for digital modulations, different definition of spurious
emissions frequency boundaries;
b) that Recommendation ITU-R SM.1539 [i.32] and Appendix 3 of the ITU Radio Regulations deal with
variation of the boundary between the out-of-band and spurious domains, other than the specific 250 % of the
Necessary Bandwidth from the centre frequency of the emission.
No variation or exception from the generic 250 % rule has been set up so far for ITS in the 5 GHz range. Based on an
ITS channel bandwidth of 10 MHz, the spurious domain for ITS-G5A (road safety related ITS in 5 875 MHz to
5 905 MHz) begins in the most extreme cases (i.e. for channels with 5,88 GHz or 5,90 GHz centre frequencies) at
5,855 GHz or 5,925 MHz.
According to RR 1.145 Spurious emission: Emission on a frequency or frequencies which are outside the necessary
bandwidth and the level of which may be reduced without affecting the corresponding transmission of information.
Spurious emissions include harmonic emissions, parasitic emissions, intermodulation products and frequency
conversion products but exclude out-of-band emissions. This means for ITS-G5A it should be clarified that the spurious
emission limits apply above 5,925 GHz and below the 5,855 MHz frequencies.
6.3 Devices to be included in the regulation
As an addition to the existing regulation including only mobile devices installed in road vehicles for a license exempt
regime the updated regulation should cover the following devices under the same regulatory framework:
• infrastructure ITS station for a vehicle-to-roadside and an roadside-to-vehicle communication; and
• portable ITS station included in mobile phone or as standalone devices for inclusion of pedestrians and cyclists
into the overall road safety operation.
6.4 Additional possible mitigation factors
Based on the developed set of application for the road safety related deployment some additional mitigation factors
have been implemented [i.17] in the overall ITS system concept. These mitigation factors can be taken into account in
the evaluation of potential coexistence issues. The message frequency of a CAM message for cooperative awareness
applications is being controlled by the speed of the vehicle with a maximum value of 10 Hz. Taking into account the
typical message length of 1 ms a duty cycle of 1 % is reached. In addition this message frequency is under control of a
Decentralized Congestion Control (DCC) mechanism. This DCC mechanism should prevent the mobile channel from
being loaded to more than 75 % in order to guarantee a fair access to the media by all participants in the ITS road safety
communication. This mechanism will lead to a reduction in cumulated interference in a give region by reducing the
individual duty cycles and/or TX power levels of the devices participating in the communication. All ITS stations will
have to follow this control mechanism.
Event based messages might be generated with higher rate in case of an emergency situation. Here the proposed
frequency is 20 Hz, leading to a duty cycle of 2 %. These messages are only generated in limited situation like accidents
or other safety critical situations (see use case in clause A.1.2.2.3) for a restricted time frame.
Duty cycles of future applications are not yet clear but may be higher than for the already developed applications. One
such application is platooning for heavy vehicles. For these applications additional mitigation techniques might be
necessary.
ETSI
16 ETSI TR 103 083 V1.1.1 (2014-03)
For portable ITS stations inte
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