ETSI TR 102 805-1 V1.1.1 (2009-11)

User Group; End-to-end QoS management at the Network Interfaces; Part 1: User's E2E QoS - Analysis of the NGN interfaces (user case)

DTR/USER-00029-1

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 19-Nov-2009
• Technical Committee: USER - User Group
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 19-Nov-2009
• Completion Date: 20-Nov-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 102 805-1 V1.1.1 (2009-11)
Technical Report


User Group;
End-to-end QoS management at the Network Interfaces;
Part 1: User's E2E QoS -
Analysis of the NGN interfaces (user case)

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2 ETSI TR 102 805-1 V1.1.1 (2009-11)



Reference
DTR/USER-00029-1
Keywords
control, interface, interworking, QoS, signalling
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3 ETSI TR 102 805-1 V1.1.1 (2009-11)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 7
3.1 Definitions . 7
3.2 Abbreviations . 8
4 User QoS requirements information . 10
4.1 User case description . 10
4.2 User QoS . 13
4.2.1 QoS assessment . 13
4.2.2 Application to the User case . 13
5 Identification of InterWorking unit (IWU) . 15
5.1 Scenario 1: User mobility in mobile network . 16
5.2 Scenario 2: User mobility between mobile and fixed network, and service mobility . 17
5.3 Scenario 3: Terminal mobility in mobile network . 18
5.4 QoS framework in 3GPP and ETSI TISPAN . 19
5.4.1 QoS framework in ETSI TISPAN . 19
5.4.2 QoS framework in 3GPP . 20
6 QoS and E2E user-centric session . 21
6.1 Sequence diagram in ETSI TISPAN based architecture . 21
6.2 Sequence diagram in 3GPP based architecture . 25
7 Conclusion . 26
Annex A: Mapping of services and QoS requirements . 27
A.1 ITU-T Recommendation Y.1541 QoS class . . 32
A.2 UMTS Classes of Service (CoS) . 32
A.2.1 Conversational class . 33
A.2.2 Streaming class . 33
A.2.3 Interactive class . 33
A.2.4 Background class . 34
A.2.5 Summary and QoS Information processing . 34
A.3 ITU-T Recommendation G.1010 QoS categories . . 34
A.3.1 Key parameters impacting the user . 35
A.3.1.1 Delay . 35
A.3.1.2 Delay variation . 35
A.3.1.3 Information loss . 35
A.3.2 Application . 35
A.4 Per Hop Behaviour parameters (DIFFSERV) . 36
A.4.1 Assured Forwarding . 36
A.4.2 Best Effort . 36
A.4.3 Expedited Forwarding . 36
A.5 QoS criteria depending classes (INTRADIFF) . 37
Annex B: Bibliography . 38
History . 39

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4 ETSI TR 102 805-1 V1.1.1 (2009-11)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI User Group (USER).
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering the End-to-end QoS management at the Network
Interfaces, as identified below:
Part 1: "User's E2E QoS - Analysis of the NGN interfaces (user case)";
Part 2: "Control and management planes solution - QoS continuity";
Part 3: "QoS informational structure".
Introduction
In all parts of this multi-part deliverable, the Quality of Service (QoS) should be seen from the end-user standpoint. This
means that the QoS assessment should be performed with regards to the users' requirements. Telecommunication world
evolves and is now user centric in opposition to system centric (behaviours are constrained by the system) and network
centric (behaviours are constrained by the network).
User-centric requirements are expressed through user-related information, such as QoS parameters and end-user's
preferences. The QoS commitments of the related providers should match that of the end-user's requirements and can be
defined in his contract as unilateral commitments or with a Service Level Agreement negotiated with the customer
(generally corporate end-user).
As networks are evolving towards NGN (Next Generation Network), the network environment is becoming more and
more complex. Heterogeneity and mobility are two specific characteristics in NGN that take into account end-user
terminals, access networks, core networks and services. Mobility allows end-users to communicate regardless of
location, device used, access mode or network across multiple spatial domains.

Figure 1: NGN context
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5 ETSI TR 102 805-1 V1.1.1 (2009-11)
The end-user wishes to choose any terminal or any access as a mean to use any service in a heterogeneous environment.
Meanwhile, the end-user expects to have a continuous comprehensive service throughout the whole session while
moving (terminal mobility) or changing terminal (user mobility). During this session, service connectivity is considered
as a composition of elements in each layer (User, Terminal, Network and Service).
The solution today is located at the intersection of the three domains defined in [i.9]: User-centric, mobility and
heterogeneity as shown in figure 1. As networks become more and more complex and new services emerge
continuously, the requirement for an end-to-end (E2E) QoS for the end-user is growing.
Taking all the above into consideration, the goal is now to identify at which point end-users could and should enter their
choices and preferences, etc. in the future network. These interactions have been taken into consideration in the user
case. That is why in clause 4, all the scenarios representing and concerning the NGN context are identified as well as
the QoS aspects from the end-user's viewpoint with a particular attention to the sensitivity to QoS criteria of the services
used. In clause 5, the components, which play a key role in the interactions with the end-users, are delineated and
identified. The functional procedures of the scenarios are described in order to define the interworking unit such as AF,
RACS, PCRF, and GGSN. The transfer of the QoS information between networks, included in signalling or managing
messages, is analyzed in clause 6. In clause 7, the conclusion introduces in TR 102 805-2 [i.3].
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6 ETSI TR 102 805-1 V1.1.1 (2009-11)
1 Scope
The present document provides an analysis of the NGN interfaces by using a user case designed to show how the QoS
could be handled in the NGN context to ensure end-to-end QoS from the end-user's viewpoint.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• Non-specific reference may be made only to a complete document or a part thereof and only in the following
cases:
- if it is accepted that it will be possible to use all future changes of the referenced document for the
purposes of the referring document;
- for informative references.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of the present document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For non-specific references, the latest edition of the referenced document
(including any amendments) applies.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not essential to the use of the present document but they assist the user with
regard to a particular subject area. For non-specific references, the latest version of the referenced document (including
any amendments) applies.
[i.1] ITU-T Recommendation G.1010 (11/2001): "End-user multimedia QoS categories".
[i.2] ITU-T Recommendation Y.1541 (02/2006): "Network performance objectives for IP-based
services".
[i.3] ETSI TR 102 805-2 (V1.1.1): "User Group; End-to-end QoS management at the Network
Interfaces; Part 2: Control and management planes solution - QoS continuity".
[i.4] ETSI EG 202 009-1: "User Group; Quality of Telecom Services; Part 1: Methodology for
identification of parameters relevant to the Users".
[i.5] ETSI TS 102 464 (V1.1.1): "Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Broadband Satellite
Multimedia (BSM); Interworking with DiffServ Qos".
[i.6] ETSI TS 123 107 (2009-01): "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal
Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Quality of Service (QoS) concept and
architecture (3GPP TS 23.107 version 8.0.0 Release 8)".
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7 ETSI TR 102 805-1 V1.1.1 (2009-11)
[i.7] ETSI TS 129 207 (2005-09): "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal
Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS);Policy control over Go interface (3GPP TS 29.207
version 6.5.0 Release 6)".
[i.8] ETSI TS 101 329-2 (V2.1.3): "Telecommunications and Internet Protocol Harmonization Over
Networks (TIPHON) Release 3;End-to-end Quality of Service in TIPHON systems;
Part 2: Definition of speech Quality of Service (QoS) classes".
[i.9] ETSI STF 360 report (January 2009): "Analysis of current E2E QoS standardization state".
[i.10] IETF RFC 1633: "Integrated Services in the Internet Architecture: an Overview".
[i.11] IETF RFC 2474: "Definition of the Differentiated Services Field (DS Field) in the IPv4 and IPv6
Headers".
[i.12] IETF RFC 2475: "Architecture for Differentiated Services".
[i.13] ITU Study Group 19 - Contribution 25 (2007): "Considerations of horizontal handover and vertical
handover".
[i.14] ETSI ES 282 003: "Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for
Advanced Networking (TISPAN); Resource and Admission Control Sub-System (RACS):
Functional Architecture".
[i.15] ETSI ES 283 003: "Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for
Advanced Networking (TISPAN); IP Multimedia Call Control Protocol based on Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP) and Session Description Protocol (SDP) Stage 3 [3GPP TS 24.229
[Release 7], modified]".
[i.16] IETF RFC 854: "Telnet Protocol Specification".
[i.17] ETSI TR 102 805-3: "User Group; End-to-end QoS management at the Network Interfaces;
Part 3: QoS informational structure".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
AmbientGrid: information inference (AmbientGrid) based on the profiles' matching, to structure with grid covering the
needed end-user centric environment
class of service: way of traffic management in the network by grouping similar types of traffic and treating them as its
own level of service priority
DiffServ networks: classify packets into one of a small number of aggregated flows or 'classes', based on the DiffServ
codepoint (DSCP) in the packet's IP header
NOTE: This is known as behaviour aggregate (BA) classification (RFC 2475 [i.12]). At each DiffServ router,
packets are subjected to a 'per-hop behaviour' (PHB), which is invoked by the DSCP (RFC 2474 [i.11]).
equipment: any material with its related OS, through its CPU and memory, which contributes to the end-to-end QoS
horizontal handover: handover within homogeneous access networks
NOTE 1: Generally it is referred to as the Intra-AN handover.
NOTE 2: ITU Study Group 19 - Contribution 25: Considerations of horizontal handover and vertical handover,
2007 [i.13].
infosphere: decisional knowledge base managing, in the real time, all the personalization and ambient environment
information
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8 ETSI TR 102 805-1 V1.1.1 (2009-11)
IntServ (integrated services architecture): set of extensions to the traditional best effort model of the Internet with the
goal of allowing end-to-end QOS to be provided to applications
NOTE 1: One of the key components of the architecture is a set of service; the current set of services consists of the
controlled load and guaranteed services. The architecture assumes that some explicit setup mechanism is
used to convey information to routers so that they can provide requested services to flows that require
them. While RSVP is the most widely known example of such a setup mechanism, the IntServ
architecture is designed to accommodate other mechanisms.
NOTE 2: See RFC 1633 [i.10].
multi-homing: end-user's services can be provided by more than one service or network provider
network mobility: network's ability, where a set of fixed or mobile nodes are networked to each other, to change, as a
unit, its point of attachment to the corresponding network upon the network's movement itself
Per-Hop Behaviour (PHB): externally observable forwarding treatment applied at a differentiated services-compliant
node to a behaviour aggregate
NOTE: See TS 102 464 [i.5].
policy control: adaptation and configuration of QoS according to particular goals dependent of user, network operator
and service provider
QoS Classification: definition of class priority for QoS by describing traffic condition or performance parameters
QoS handover: ensures QoS state establishes when vertical/horizontal handover occurs
QoS Interworking: ensures the transfer of all different types of packet data with different QoS parameters in
heterogeneous environment whenever the ANs and CNs are of different releases and types by mapping the QoS
attributes
service mobility: ability to consistently provide services to the end-user, to maintain the expected QoS, at the system's
initiative, regardless of the end-user's location, terminals, or networks.
NOTE: To maintain the service continuity, the session mobility is used.
session mobility: ability to keep the continuity of a service regardless the mobility of the terminal, of the access
network, of the core network or of any service components as well as the Service Provider
terminal mobility: end-user uses his equipment to move across the same or different networks while having access to
the same set of subscribed services
user mobility: ability for a subscriber to move to different physical locations and be able to use one or more devices
connected to one or more access networks to gain access to their services without interruption
user-centric session: period of communication between one end-user and another or other end-users or servers
characterized by a starting time and a termination time, including setting up the relation of the end-user equipment,
access network, core network and services invoked during this period
userware: innovative user centric middleware (Userware) enhancing the seamless feasibility along with the location
and activity, personalization and end-user's ambient contexts
vertical handover: handover across heterogeneous access networks. Generally, it is referred to as the Inter-AN
handover
NOTE: ITU Study Group 19 - Contribution 25: Considerations of horizontal handover and vertical handover,
2007 [i.13].
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
3GPP The 3rd Generation Partnership Project
AA Authentication & Authorization
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9 ETSI TR 102 805-1 V1.1.1 (2009-11)
AAA Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting
AAR AA-Request
ABG Access Border Gateway
ACK Acknowledgement
AF Application Function
AMF Access Management Function
AN Access Network
A-RACF Access Resource and Admission Control Function
AS Application Server
CAC Connection Admission Control
CCA Credit Control Answer
C-BGF Core Border Gateway Function
CLF Connectivity session and repository Location Function
CNG Customer Network Gateway
CODEC COder / DECoder
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
CSCF Call Session Control Function
DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
DSCP Differentiated Service Code Point
DiffServ Differentiated services (IETF)
E2E QoS End-to-End QoS
ETSI European Telecommunications Standards Institute
FIFO First In First Out (queue)
GGSN Gateway GPRS Service Node
GPRS General Packet Radio Service
GTP GPRS Tunnelling Protocol
GW Gateway
HSS Home Subscriber Server
I-BGF Interconnection Border Gateway Function
I/CBG Interconnection/Core Border Gateway
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force
IMEI International Mobile Equipment Identifier
IMEISV IMEI Software Version
IMPI IP Multimedia Private Identity
IMPU IP Multimedia PUblic identity
IMS IP based Multimedia Subsystem
INTRADIFF INTRANET-DIFFSERV (an INRIA project)
IntServ Integrated Services (IETF)
IP-CAN IP Connectivity Access Network
IPDV IP packet Delay Variation
IPER IP packet Error Ratio
IPLR IP packet Loss Ratio
IPRR IP Packet Reordering Ratio
IPTD IP packet Transfer Delay
ITU-T International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication standardization sector
IWU InterWorking Unit
MS GSM Mobile Station
NACF Network Access Configuration Function
NASS Network Attachment Subsystem
NAT Network Address Translation
NGN Next Generation Network
PC Personal Computer
PCEF Policy Enforcement Point
PCRF Policy and Charging Rule Function
P-CSCF Proxy CSCF
PDA Personal Digital Assistant
PDP Pack Data Protocol
PHB Per Hop Behaviour
PPP Point of Presence Protocol
QoS Quality of Service
RACS Resource and Admission Control Subsystem
RCEF Resource Control Enforcement Function
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10 ETSI TR 102 805-1 V1.1.1 (2009-11)
RSVP Resource ReserVation Protocol
SAA Server Assignment Answer
SAR Server Assignment Request
SD Service Data
SDL Session Description Language
SDP Session Description Protocol
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
SIP Session Initiation Protocol
SP Service Provider
SPDF Service Policy Decision Function
TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TISPAN Telecommunications and Internet converged Services and Protocols for Advanced Networking
UAAF User Access Authorization Function
UE User Equipment
UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems
UPSF User Profile Server Function
4 User QoS requirements information
In this clause, based on a user case (clause 4.1) highlighting the specificities of the NGN context, the QoS information
(clause 4.2) which are relevant to the end-user will be identified.
4.1 User case description
The user case described below is that of an end-user which needs to stay connected both at home and while going and
getting at work. This user case clearly highlights the specificities of the NGN context. It shows how the end-user goes
from end-user mobility to terminal mobility, changing services on heterogeneous networks. Such scenarios details are
described below figure 2.

Figure 2: User case
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11 ETSI TR 102 805-1 V1.1.1 (2009-11)
The Services used by the end-user in the user case are:
• AS12: Video Conference.
• AS31: Telephony Service.
• AS51: Web Services.
• AS22: Video Broadcast Service.
• AS43: Text to Voice Service.
Description of the user case:
While still at home the end-user Tom starts his PC (QoS1) at 8h30 in the morning and engages in a Video Conference
service AS12 (Service 1 for a QoS2) provided by the service provider SP1. Tom uses his home network environment
and accesses to the service through an Access Network AN1, which is a mobile GPRS access.
Before leaving his home, Tom switches terminals (User Mobility), leaving his PC for his PDA (QoS2), keeping both the
same home network environment and Access Network AN1. Tom can still access his services though the same opened
session, while keeping his predefined preferences.
On his way to work (Terminal Mobility), Tom starts another Video Conference service AS12 provided by the same
Service Provider SP1 than before, but using another Access Network AN2 (Vertical Handover).
At this point, Tom, as a pedestrian, prefers to receive his message in vocal mode rather than in text mode, by accessing
the Text to Voice AS43 (Service 4 for a QoS3) provided by the same Service Provider SP1through the same Access
Network AN2.
When arriving at work, Tom's PDA is still attached to the same Access Network AN2 but has changed his Access Point
(Horizontal Handover). Tom decides to end both his Video Conference and listening to his messages.
At work, Tom changes his terminal for another one (User Mobility), switching from his PDA to his laptop.
The laptop is connected to another Access Network AN3 than the one previously used for the PDA, through which Tom
is now able to access different services provided by another Service Provider SP2 (Service mobility): web service AS51
(Service 5 for a QoS1), Telephony Service AS31 (Service 3 for a QoS1) and Video broadcast Service AS22 (Service 2
for a QoS2).
• At 11AM, Tom closes the session, which he opened at home at 8h30AM.
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12 ETSI TR 102 805-1 V1.1.1 (2009-11)
Table 1: User case scenario detail
Private NW Application
End- Transport
Mobility (User/ Access Network Server
user (IP Network)
corporate) (ASxx)
PC
(GPRS) N.A Video conf
(QoS1) AS12
GGSN N.A x N.A SP1
PDA
(GPRS) N.A
(QoS2)

Video conf
AS12+
PDA N.A GGSN N.A x N.A SP1
Text to voice
AS43


Web service
AS 51+
Telephony
PC CPE IP Edge CBG x CBG service AS31+ SP2
Video broadcast
service
AS22


Video conf
N.A GGSN N.A x N.A SP1
AS12


Video conf
AS12+
N.A N.A x N.A SP1
Text to voice
AS43


Video conf
AS12+
N.A GGSN N.A x N.A SP1
Text to voice
AS43


Video conf
AS12+
N.A GGSN N.A x N.A Text to voice SP1
AS 43

(QoS6)

Web service
AS 51+
Telephony
CPE IP
...