ETSI TR 101 506 V2.2.1 (2020-09)

Fixed Radio Systems; Generic definitions, terminology and applicability of essential requirements covering article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU to Fixed Radio Systems

RTR/ATTM-0443

General Information

• Status: Not Published
• Technical Committee: ATTM TM4 - Fixed Radio Systems
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 12-Sep-2020
• Completion Date: 14-Sep-2020

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 101 506 V2.2.1 (2020-09)






TECHNICAL REPORT
Fixed Radio Systems;
Generic definitions, terminology and applicability
of essential requirements covering article 3.2 of
Directive 2014/53/EU to Fixed Radio Systems

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2 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.2.1 (2020-09)



Reference
RTR/ATTM-0443
Keywords
DFRS, FWA, radio, regulation
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3 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.2.1 (2020-09)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Modal verbs terminology . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 References . 5
2.1 Normative references . 5
2.2 Informative references . 5
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 6
3.1 Terms . 6
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 General principles . 9
5 Application of technical parameters in ETSI EG 203 336 to DFRS . 9
5.0 Introduction . 9
5.1 DFRS which do not require air interface interoperability . 9
5.2 DFRS which do require air interface interoperability . 18
5.3 DFRS Antennas . 18
5.3.1 General . 18
5.3.2 P-P antenna parameters in HS. 18
5.3.2.1 General approach . 18
5.3.2.2 P-P antenna parameters in HS . 19
5.3.3 MP antenna parameters in HS. 19
Annex A: Change History . 20
History . 21


ETSI

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4 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.2.1 (2020-09)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Access, Terminals, Transmission and
Multiplexing (ATTM).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.

ETSI

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5 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.2.1 (2020-09)
1 Scope
The present document, is intended for complementing the ETSI EG 203 336 [i.1] for specific guidance related to
Digital Fixed Radio Systems (DFRS) in the production of candidate harmonised standards covering Directive
2014/53/EU [i.2]. Consequently the present document should always be used in conjunction with ETSI
EG 203 336 [i.1] whenever DFRS are concerned.
NOTE: The previous versions of the present document were developed for similar purpose related to the now
superseded ETSI EG 201 399 [i.10] V2.1.1 and Directive 1999/5/EC [i.11] repealed in June 2016 by
Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2].
The present document identifies, among the generic technical parameters, relevant for the article 3.2 of the Directive,
presently quoted by ETSI EG 203 336 [i.1], those which are relevant and applicable and those that are considered not
applicable, for the various typologies of DFRS. Taking also into account the general principle of avoiding
overregulation, they are justified through specific peculiarities of the DFRS technologies employed.
Moreover it gives the cross reference from the generic terminology used in ETSI EG 203 336 [i.1] and that currently
used within the Fixed Radio technical community.
Considerations about technical parameters related to article 3.1 (health, safety and EMC) and article 3.3 (interworking
and other special requirements) of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] are outside the scope of the present document.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI EG 203 336 (V1.2.1): "Guide for the selection of technical parameters for the production of
Harmonised Standards covering article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.2] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.3] ITU Radio Regulations.
[i.4] Recommendation ITU-R F.1191: "Necessary and occupied bandwidths and unwanted emissions of
digital fixed service systems".
[i.5] Recommendation ITU-R F.1399: "Vocabulary of terms for wireless access".
[i.6] ETSI EN 301 390: "Fixed Radio Systems; Point-to-point and Multipoint Systems; Unwanted
emissions in the spurious domain and receiver immunity limits at equipment/antenna port of
Digital Fixed Radio Systems".
[i.7] CEPT/ERC Recommendation 74-01 (May 2019): "Spurious Emissions".
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6 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.2.1 (2020-09)
[i.8] ETSI EN 302 217-1: "Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point
equipment and antennas; Part 1: Overview, common characteristics and system-independent
requirements".
[i.9] ETSI EN 302 217-4: "Fixed Radio Systems; Characteristics and requirements for point-to-point
equipment and antennas; Part 4: Antennas".
[i.10] ETSI EG 201 399 (V2.2.1): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
A guide to the production of Harmonized Standards for application under the R&TTE Directive".
NOTE: Version under Directive 1999/5/EC [i.11], superseded, for use under Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2], by
preliminarily version V3.1.1 and finally by ETSI EG 203 336 [i.1].
[i.11] Directive 1999/5/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 March 1999 on radio
equipment and telecommunications terminal equipment and the mutual recognition of their
conformity.
NOTE: Repealed by Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2].
[i.12] ETSI EN 302 326-3: "Fixed Radio Systems; Multipoint equipment and antennas; Part 3:
Harmonized EN covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive for
Multipoint Radio Antennas".
NOTE: HS under Directive 1999/5/EC [i.11] and no longer needed for covering Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2]. At
the moment of publication of the present document, the EN is under revision as a not HS EN.
[i.13] Electronics Notes: "What is Reciprocal Mixing: measurement & specification".
NOTE: Available at https://www.electronics-notes.com/articles/radio/radio-receiver-sensitivity/reciprocal-
mixing.php.
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms apply:
NOTE: The definitions hereby identified are generally used in the present document with the use of italic
characters (e.g. dedicated antenna).
active antenna: antenna that contains active electronic components independently from their directional characteristics
air interface interoperability: capability of DFRS terminals from different manufacturers can be connected as
terminals of the same P-P radio link or the same P-MP cell
NOTE: It requires standardization of the physical radio layer (e.g. modulation format, digital codings,
synchronization procedures, etc.) and part or all of the higher network layers protocols.
backhauling network: part of fixed network interconnecting the Base Stations (BS) of a mobile network,
collecting/distributing data traffic from/to those BS to/from core network access points
NOTE 1: In various mobile systems standardization organization terminologies, specific links in the backhauling
networks can be identified with different terms (e.g. backhaul, midhaul or fronthaul) depending on the
specific structure of the mobile BSs.
NOTE 2: Various backhauling network structures are possible (e.g. links interconnected in chains, trees or rings).
bandwidth adaptive systems: From ETSI EN 302 217-1 [i.8]: "System, the capacity of which may be dynamically
changed by means of bandwidth reduction during adverse propagation conditions".
dedicated antenna: From ETSI EN 302 217-1 [i.8]: "Antenna specifically designed for being attached to the radio
equipment (i.e. with special mechanical fixing to the antenna port of the specific radio supplied), but can be separated
from the equipment (typically for transport purpose) using normal tools".
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7 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.2.1 (2020-09)
Digital Fixed Radio Systems (DFRS): Point-to-Point (P-P) or Point-to-MultiPoint (P-MP) or MultiPoint-to-MultiPoint
(MP-MP) radio equipment, which may be used in fixed locations as part of public or private networks in the core,
backhauling or access segments
NOTE 1: It is equivalent to the ITU-R definition of Fixed Wireless Systems (FWS) and comprises Fixed Wireless
Access (FWA) systems and, in specific cases, their optional extension to Nomadic Wireless Access
(NWA) (see note 3).
NOTE 2: The two latter generically identified as MultiPoint (MP) systems.
NOTE 3: NWA systems are defined in Recommendation ITU-R F.1399 [i.5] as (quoting from it) "Wireless access
application in which the location of the end-user termination may be in different places but it must be
stationary while in use".
essential parameter: radio frequency characteristic related to the essential requirements under article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.2] capable of being expressed in terms of quantifiable technical parameters
frequency tolerance: From Radio Regulations [i.3] article 1.151: "The maximum permissible departure by the centre
frequency of the frequency band occupied by an emission from the assigned frequency or, by the characteristic
frequency of an emission from the reference frequency".
harmonized radio frequency band: commonly referred as a portion of the frequency spectrum that CEPT/ECC and/or
European Commission (EC) allocates to a specific service through CEPT/ECC and/or European Commission (EC)
Decision
NOTE: It should be noted that, presently, no radio frequency band allocation to Fixed Service is harmonized.
integral (integrated) antenna: From ETSI EN 302 217-1 [i.8]: "Antenna which is declared as part of the radio
equipment by the manufacturer; it is not physically separable from the equipment, unless it is returned to the
manufacturer premises".
mixed-mode system: From ETSI EN 302 217-1 [i.8]: "System having the capability for stations to operate, according
network and operator needs (e.g. according propagation variations), on different modulation orders and/or different
error correction coding, switching dynamically between them within the same assigned radio frequency channel,
adapting the system capacity accordingly (multirate operation)".
Out-Of-Band (OOB) domain: From Radio Regulations [i.3] article 1.146A: "The frequency range, immediately
outside the necessary bandwidth but excluding the spurious domain, in which out-of-band emissions generally
predominate. Out-of-band emissions, defined based on their source, occur in the out-of-band domain and, to a lesser
extent, in the spurious domain. Spurious emissions likewise may occur in the out-of-band domain as well as in the
spurious domain".
radio equipment: From Article 2 of Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2]: "Radio equipment means an electrical or electronic
product, which intentionally emits and/or receives radio waves for the purpose of radio communication and/or
radiodetermination, or an electrical or electronic product which must be completed with an accessory, such as antenna,
so as to intentionally emit and/or receive radio waves for the purpose of radio communication and/or
radiodetermination".
reference mode (reference spectral efficiency class and channel separation): From ETSI EN 302 217-1 [i.8]: "In
mixed-mode systems, it identifies the operative mode, which characteristics (i.e. system capacity, spectral efficiency
class over a given channel separation) are used (i.e. declared in the licensing process) in the link per link coordination
analysis (see note)".
NOTE: It provides the reference availability objective commonly used for the whole network (i.e. the typical
99,99 % or any other generally used by the administration concerned for the frequency coordination of
licensed P-P links). When also bandwidth adaptive operation is active, the reference mode is always
related to the widest channel separation used.
spurious domain: From Radio Regulations [i.3] article 1.146B: "The frequency range beyond the out-of-band domain
in which spurious emissions generally predominate".
stand-alone antenna: From ETSI EN 302 217-1 [i.8]: "Antenna designed independently from the fixed radio
equipment, by the same or a different manufacturer and connected to the radio equipment in the field through standard
cables or waveguide".
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8 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.2.1 (2020-09)
unwanted emissions: From Radio Regulations [i.3] article 1.146: "Consist of spurious emissions and out-of-band
emissions".
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
dBi deciBels relative to isotropic radiator
GHz GigaHertz
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ACM Adaptive Code and Modulation
ATPC Automatic Transmission Power Control
BEM Bloch Edge Mask
BER Bit Error Ratio
CEPT Conférence Européenne des administrations des Postes et des Télécommunications
(European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications administrations)
CS Channel Separation
CW Continuous Wave
DFRS Digital Fixed Radio Systems
EC European Commission
ECC European Communication Committee
EIRP Effective Isotropic Radiation Power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
ERC European Radiocommunication Committee
NOTE: Now renamed ECC.
EU European Union
FDMA Frequency Division Multiple Access
FH Frequency Hopping
FS Fixed Service
FWA Fixed Wireless Access
FWS Fixed Wireless Systems
GSM Global System Mobile
HS Harmonised Standard
LBT Listen Before Talk
LO Local Oscillator
MP MultiPoint
NOTE: Term including both P-MP and MP-MP.
MP-MP MultiPoint-to-MultiPoint
NWA Nomadic Wireless Access
OOB Out-Of-Band
P-MP Point-to-MultiPoint
P-P Point-to-Point
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QoS Quality of Service
R&TTE Radio equipment and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RF Radio Frequency
RFC Remote Frequency Control
RPE Radiation Pattern Envelope
RSL Received Signal Level
RTPC Remote Transmit Power Control
TCAM Telecommunication Conformity Assessment and Market surveillance committee
TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
TPC Transmission Power Control
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9 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.2.1 (2020-09)
WG TM4 Working group TM4 of ETSI Technical Committee Access, Terminals, Transmission and
Multiplexing (TC ATTM)
XPD X(cross) Polar Discrimination
4 General principles
The objective of a harmonised standard covering Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] for DFRS is to define clear and
unambiguous provisions for fulfilling the essential requirements referred in that Directive, which are applicable to the
system concerned.
To aid the ETSI Technical Bodies in the production of candidate harmonised standards, ETSI produced the ETSI
EG 203 336 [i.1] that expands the general concepts of essential requirements into a more detailed subdivision and gives
guidance for identifying the technical parameters relevant to the essential requirement under consideration.
However, particularly in the parts that refer to article 3.2 "… effectively uses and supports the efficient use of radio
spectrum …" of the Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2], ETSI EG 203 336 [i.1] uses terminology and concepts that, when
applied to a specific family of radio systems such as the Fixed Radio, proves to be still too generic; therefore further
guidance, more technically based on the technology and terminology used by the relevant technical community, is
reported in the present document. Therefore the present document should always be used in conjunction with the ETSI
EG 203 336 [i.1] whenever Fixed Digital Radio Systems (DFRS) are concerned.
Whenever a technical parameter mentioned in ETSI EG 203 336 [i.1] is partially or not applicable for DFRS, technical
justifications is also given.
5 Application of technical parameters in ETSI
EG 203 336 to DFRS
5.0 Introduction
The content of the present document follows the guidance structure of ETSI EG 203 336 [i.1], clause 5. For each
technical parameter considerations are given on the applicability, DFRS based requirement identification (terminology)
and other useful background is given.
5.1 DFRS which do not require air interface interoperability
From the guidance given by the ETSI EG 203 336 [i.1], a more detailed applicability to DFRS of transmitter, receiver
and other parameters related to essential requirements may be derived as shown in table 1.
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10 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.2.1 (2020-09)
Table 1: Essential requirements and parameters relevant to DFRS which do not require air interface interoperability;
related background and terminology for parameters reported in ETSI EG 203 336 [i.1]
Essential Technical Relevance as standardized parameter Alternative Essential parameter
Requirement parameters for DFRS WG TM4 requirements Y=yes
(clause in ETSI terminology N=no
EG 203 336 [i.1]) and notes
3.2 (A) 5.2.2) Transmitter power have different impact on the use of the spectrum A1) Transmitter Y
(transmitting) Transmitter Power depending on the regulatory regime in the operating band (e.g. link-by- maximum power
limits link licensing, block assignment, light licensing or license exempt) and and EIRP NOTE: Requirements A1) and B) in
type of DFRS systems permitted (e.g. P-P and/or P-MP).  all cases. A2) Additional
and According to these distinctions different approaches to the relevant A2) Transmitter requirement only in bands
technical parameters should be adopted: combined power where link by link planning
(B) 5.2.3) 1) LINK-BY-LINK LICENSED BANDS: output and EIRP is not the unique licensing
Requirement: From Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] assessment point of
Transmitter Power limits method
accuracy view, harmonised standards define only the maximum output power, in
terms of either EIRP or power density (usually that in articles 21.3 and B) Transmitter output
21.5 of Radio Regulations [i.3]). Other specific bands limitations in other power
articles and some footnotes of Radio Regulations [i.3] (sometimes environmental
implying antenna azimuth angles limitation are generally fixed on variation
link-by-link license.
Rationale: In practice, a radio system, within those limits, may be
designed in order to transmit, with suitable power setting methods, the
appropriate transmission power to fulfil the performance, availability and
interference requirements for which it is designed. In actual links
deployment, the link-by-link planning process would define the actual
power needed for that specific link (in terms of nominal EIRP, based on
the needed antenna gain) for fulfil the required QoS and maintain the
planned interference levels to nearby links. Therefore from the essential
requirements point of view, relevant is the power variation on the
nominal activation (licensed) value (including ATPC effects), within
Remote and/or Automatic Transmit Power Control (RTPC/ATPC)
ranges, if any, to guarantee stable frequency co-ordination.
2) BLOCK ASSIGNMENT:
Requirement: From Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] assessment point of
view, equipment operating in this regulatory regime is not different from
the previous case.
Rationale: It should be noted that, in most cases, the block assignment,
for P-P, is used in some countries as alternative to link by link licensing,
while for P-MP is the most common method. In this case there is no link-
by-link power limitation, which will eventually be decided by the block
owner itself; however, the block usage rules may define maximum in-
block and out-of-block (e.g. BEM) power limitations; these are not
intended "technical requirements" for Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2]
assessment, but "licensing conditions".


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11 ETSI TR 101 506 V2.2.1 (2020-09)
Essential Technical Relevance as standardized parameter Alternative Essential parameter
Requirement parameters for DFRS WG TM4 requirements Y=yes
(clause in ETSI terminology N=no
EG 203 336 [i.1]) and notes
3) LICENSE EXEMPT OR LIGHT LICENSING:
Requirement: From Directive 2014/53/EU [i.2] assessment point of
view, harmonised standards define the maximum output power, in terms
of either EIRP or power density generally defined by the applicable
regulatory instruments (European Commission (EC) Decision and/or
ECC Decision or ECC Recommendations). Moreover, ETSI WG TM4
may define additional limitations (e.g. in terms of power and antenna
directivity) necessary for improving, in average, the efficient use of the
band in dense network deployment.
Rationale: These band access methods are typically used in some
specific bands.
In general, those bands, when harmonisation is sought, are regulated
through EC Decisions and/or ECC Decisions or ECC
Recommendations, which give emission limits and other requirements
for accessing the band; no further specific coordination is applied
among different users.
NOTE: However, in some bands, different licensing conditions are
applied by different EU administrations.
3.2 5.2.4) Transmitter Common practice for DFRS is to define a mask for spectral density 1) Transmitter Radio Y
(transmitting) Spectrum mask relative to actual centre frequency ranging up to 2,5 times of the actual Frequency spectrum
radio-frequency channel separation (see note 2 in last column), from mask NOTE 1: The spectrum mask for
which adjacent channel interference may be derived in conjunction with DFRS is extended over the
whole OOB domain;
the receiver sensitivity to like-interference. 2) Transmitter discrete
CW components at therefore, it is alternative to
Spectrum mask is the main tool to control interference to other like the symbol rate limits of unwanted
systems operating in adjacent channels as well as, when deployed emissions in the OOB
close to the band boundary, to other systems in adjacent bands. For this 3) Transmitter (other) domain.
reason also other factors possibly affecting the interfering potential discrete CW NOTE 2: In cases where channel
should be considered as follows: components separation is not defined,
exceeding the the Occupied Bandwidth
• interfering power from discrete spectral lines additional to the
transmitter spectrum (defined for FS systems in
integrated density power of the mask;
mask limit Recommendation ITU-R
• potential impact on spectrum mask due to automatic controls
F.1191 [i.4]) is used as CS
on the output frequency and power.
4) Transmitter power alternative.
and frequency NOTE 3: Possibly covered also
...