ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Transmission requirements for narrowband VoIP terminals (handset and headset) from a QoS perspective as perceived by the user
Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Transmission requirements for narrowband VoIP terminals (handset and headset) from a QoS perspective as perceived by the user
RES/STQ-242
Kakovost prenosa govora in večpredstavnih vsebin (STQ) - Prenosne zahteve za ozkopasovne terminale VoIP (ročne in naglavne) glede na kakovost storitev (QoS), kot jih dojema uporabnik
V tem dokumentu so podane zahteve glede učinkovitosti prenosa govora za 4-kHz ozkopasovne terminale VoIP (ročne in naglavne); obravnava vse vrste terminalov na podlagi naslova IP, vključno z brezžičnimi in programskimi telefoni.
V nasprotju z ostalimi standardi, ki opredeljujejo minimalne zahteve glede učinkovitosti, je namen tega dokumenta določiti zahteve za terminalsko opremo, ki proizvajalcem in ponudnikom storitev omogočajo, da zagotavljajo dobro kakovost govora od začetka do konca, kot jo dojema uporabnik.
Poleg osnovnih preskusnih postopkov ta dokument opisuje napredne preskusne postopke, ki upoštevajo še druge parametre kakovosti, kot jih dojema uporabnik.
Namen tega dokumenta je opisati parametre zmogljivosti terminalov, tako da je mogoče preostale spremembe parametrov oceniti zgolj z E-modelom.
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
ETSI STANDARD
Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ);
Transmission requirements for narrowband
VoIP terminals (handset and headset)
from a QoS perspective as perceived by the user
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Reference
RES/STQ-242
Keywords
narrowband, quality, speech, telephony, terminal,
VoIP
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org/standards-search
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the
print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
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Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2017.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP and LTE™ are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviations . 8
4 General considerations . 9
4.1 Default coding algorithm . 9
4.2 End-to-end considerations . 10
5 Test equipment . 10
5.1 IP half channel measurement adaptor . 10
5.2 Environmental conditions for tests . 10
5.3 Accuracy of measurements and test signal generation . 11
5.4 Network impairment simulation . 11
5.5 Acoustic environment . 12
5.6 Influence of terminal delay on measurements . 12
6 Requirements and associated measurement methodologies . 13
6.1 Notes . 13
6.2 Test setup. 13
6.2.1 General . 13
6.2.2 Setup for handsets and headsets . 14
6.2.3 Position and calibration of HATS . 14
6.2.4 Test signal levels . 15
6.2.5 Setup of background noise simulation . 15
6.3 Coding independent parameters . 15
6.3.1 Send frequency response . 15
6.3.2 Send Loudness Rating (SLR). 16
6.3.3 Mic mute . 17
6.3.4 Linearity range for SLR . 17
6.3.5 Send distortion . 18
6.3.6 Out-of-band signals in send direction . 19
6.3.7 Send noise . 19
6.3.8 Sidetone Masking Rating STMR (mouth to ear) . 20
6.3.9 Sidetone delay . 20
6.3.10 Terminal Coupling Loss weighted (TCLw) . 21
6.3.11 Stability loss. 21
6.3.12 Receive frequency response . 22
6.3.13 Receive Loudness Rating (RLR) . 25
6.3.14 Receive distortion . 25
6.3.15 Out-of-band signals in receive direction . 26
6.3.16 Minimum activation level and sensitivity in receive direction . 27
6.3.17 Receive noise . 27
6.3.18 Automatic level control in receive . 27
6.3.19 Double talk performance . 27
6.3.19.1 General . 27
6.3.19.2 Attenuation range in send direction during double talk A . 28
H,S,dt
6.3.19.3 Attenuation range in receive direction during double talk A . 29
H,R,dt
ETSI
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4 ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
6.3.19.4 Detection of echo components during double talk . 29
6.3.19.5 Minimum activation level and sensitivity of double talk detection . 31
6.3.20 Switching characteristics . 31
6.3.20.1 Note . 31
6.3.20.2 Activation in send direction . 31
6.3.20.3 Silence suppression and comfort noise generation . 31
6.3.21 Background noise performance . 32
6.3.21.1 Performance in send direction in the presence of background noise . 32
6.3.21.2 Speech quality in the presence of background noise . 32
6.3.21.3 Quality of background noise transmission (with far end speech). 33
6.3.22 Quality of echo cancellation . 34
6.3.22.1 Temporal echo effects . 34
6.3.22.2 Spectral echo attenuation . 34
6.3.22.3 Occurrence of artefacts . 35
6.3.22.4 Variable echo path. 35
6.3.23 Variant impairments; network dependant . 36
6.3.23.1 Clock accuracy send . 36
6.3.23.2 Clock accuracy receive . 37
6.3.23.3 Send delay variation . 37
6.3.24 Send and receive delay - round trip delay . 38
6.4 Codec specific requirements. 39
6.4.1 Objective listening speech quality MOS-LQO in send direction . 39
6.4.2 Objective listening quality MOS-LQO in receive direction . 40
6.4.3 Quality of jitter buffer adjustment . 42
Annex A (informative): Processing delays in VoIP terminals . 44
Annex B (informative): Example IP delay variation . 47
Annex C (informative): Bibliography . 48
History . 49
ETSI
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5 ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This ETSI Standard (ES) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Speech and multimedia Transmission
Quality (STQ).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Traditionally, the analogue and digital telephones were interfacing switched-circuit 64 kbit/s PCM networks. With the
fast growth of IP networks, terminals directly interfacing packet-switched networks (VoIP) are being rapidly
introduced. Such IP network edge devices may include gateways, specifically designed IP phones, soft phones or other
devices connected to the IP based networks and providing telephony service. Since the IP networks will be in many
cases interworking with the traditional PSTN and private networks, many of the basic transmission requirements have
to be harmonised with specifications for traditional digital terminals. However, due to the unique characteristics of the
IP networks including packet loss, delay, etc. new performance specifications, as well as appropriate measuring
methods, will have to be developed. Terminals are getting increasingly complex, advanced signal processing is used to
address the IP specific issues. Also, the VoIP terminals may use other than 64 kbit/s PCM (Recommendation ITU-T
G.711 [7]) speech algorithms.
The advanced signal processing of terminals is targeted to speech signals. Therefore, wherever possible speech signals
are used for testing in order to achieve mostly realistic test conditions and meaningful results.
The present document provides speech transmission performance for narrowband VoIP handset and headset terminals.
NOTE: Requirement limits are given in tables, the associated curve when provided is given for illustration.
ETSI
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6 ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
1 Scope
The present document provides speech transmission performance requirements for 4 kHz narrowband VoIP handset and
headset terminals; it addresses all types of IP based terminals, including wireless and soft phones.
In contrast to other standards which define minimum performance requirements it is the intention of the present
document to specify terminal equipment requirements which enable manufacturers and service providers to enable good
quality end-to-end speech performance as perceived by the user.
In addition to basic testing procedures, the present document describes advanced testing procedures taking into account
further quality parameters as perceived by the user.
It is the intention of the present document to describe terminal performance parameters in such way that the remaining
variation of parameters can be assessed purely by the E-model.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 300 726: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); Enhanced Full
Rate (EFR) speech transcoding (GSM 06.60)".
[2] ETSI TS 126 171: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Speech codec speech processing functions; Adaptive
Multi-Rate - Wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec; General description (3GPP TS 26.171)".
[3] Recommendation ITU-T G.107: "The E-model: a computational model for use in transmission
planning".
[4] Recommendation ITU-T G.108: "Application of the E-model: A planning guide".
[5] Recommendation ITU-T G.109: "Definition of categories of speech transmission quality".
[6] Recommendation ITU-T G.122: "Influence of national systems on stability and talker echo in
international connections".
[7] Recommendation ITU-T G.711: "Pulse code modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies".
[8] Recommendation ITU-T G.723.1: "Dual rate speech coder for multimedia communications
transmitting at 5.3 and 6.3 kbit/s".
[9] Recommendation ITU-T G.726: "40, 32, 24, 16 kbit/s Adaptive Differential Pulse Code
Modulation (ADPCM)".
[10] Recommendation ITU-T G.729: "Coding of speech at 8 kbit/s using conjugate-structure algebraic-
code-excited linear prediction (CS-ACELP)".
[11] Recommendation ITU-T G.729.1: "G.729-based embedded variable bit-rate coder: An 8-32 kbit/s
scalable wideband coder bitstream interoperable with G.729".
ETSI
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7 ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
[12] Recommendation ITU-T P.56: "Objective measurement of active speech level".
[13] Recommendation ITU-T P.57: "Artificial ears".
[14] Recommendation ITU-T P.58: "Head and torso simulator for telephonometry".
[15] Recommendation ITU-T P.64: "Determination of sensitivity/frequency characteristics of local
telephone systems".
[16] Recommendation ITU-T P.79: "Calculation of loudness ratings for telephone sets".
[17] Recommendation ITU-T P.340: "Transmission characteristics and speech quality parameters of
hands-free terminals".
[18] Recommendation ITU-T P.380: "Electro-acoustic measurements on headsets".
[19] Recommendation ITU-T P.501: "Test signals for use in telephonometry".
[20] Recommendation ITU-T P.502: "Objective test methods for speech communication systems using
complex test signals".
[21] Recommendation ITU-T P.581: "Use of head and torso simulator for hands-free and handset
terminal testing".
[22] IEC 61260-1: "Electroacoustics - Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters - Part 1:
Specifications".
[23] Recommendation ITU-T P.800.1: "Mean Opinion Score (MOS) terminology".
[24] ETSI ES 202 739: "Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Transmission
requirements for wideband VoIP terminals (handset and headset) from a QoS perspective as
perceived by the user".
[25] ETSI TS 103 224: "Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); A sound field
reproduction method for terminal testing including a background noise database".
[26] Recommendation ITU-T P.863: "Perceptual objective listening quality assessment".
[27] Recommendation ITU-T P.863.1: "Application guide for Recommendation ITU-T P.863".
[28] Recommendation ITU-T P.1010: "Fundamental voice transmission objectives for VoIP terminals
and gateways".
[29] IETF RFC 3550: "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI EG 201 377-1: "Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Specification and
measurement of speech transmission quality; Part 1: Introduction to objective comparison
measurement methods for one-way speech quality across networks".
[i.2] ETSI EG 202 425: "Speech Processing, Transmission and Quality Aspects (STQ); Definition and
implementation of VoIP reference point".
ETSI
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8 ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
[i.3] ETSI EG 202 396-3: "Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Speech Quality
performance in the presence of background noise; Part 3: Background noise transmission -
Objective test methods".
[i.4] NIST Net.
NOTE: Available at https://www-x.antd.nist.gov/itg/nistnet/.
[i.5] Netem.
NOTE: Available at http://www.linuxfoundation.org/en/Net:Netem.
[i.6] Trace Control for Netem (TCN): "A. Keller, Trace Control for Netem, Semester Thesis
SA-2006-15, ETH Zürich, 2006".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
artificial ear: device for the calibration of earphones incorporating an acoustic coupler and a calibrated microphone for
the measurement of the sound pressure and having an overall acoustic impedance similar to that of the median adult
human ear over a given frequency band
codec: combination of an analogue-to-digital encoder and a digital-to-analogue decoder operating in opposite directions
of transmission in the same equipment
Composite Source Signal (CSS): signal composed in time by various signal elements
diffuse field equalization: equalization of the HATS sound pick-up, equalization of the difference, in dB, between the
spectrum level of the acoustic pressure at the ear Drum Reference Point (DRP) and the spectrum level of the acoustic
pressure at the HATS Reference Point (HRP) in a diffuse sound field with the HATS absent using the reverse nominal
curve given in table 3 of Recommendation ITU-T P.58 [14]
Ear Reference Point (ERP): virtual point for geometric reference located at the entrance to the listener's ear,
traditionally used for calculating telephonometric loudness ratings
ear-Drum Reference Point (DRP): point located at the end of the ear canal, corresponding to the ear-drum position
freefield reference point: point located in the free sound field, at least in 1,5 m distance from a sound source radiating
in free air
NOTE: In case of a head and torso simulator (HATS) in the centre of the artificial head with no artificial head
present.
Head And Torso Simulator (HATS) for telephonometry: manikin extending downward from the top of the head to
the waist, designed to simulate the sound pick-up characteristics and the acoustic diffraction produced by a median
human adult and to reproduce the acoustic field generated by the human mouth
Mouth Reference Point (MRP): point located on axis and 25 mm in front of the lip plane of a mouth simulator
nominal setting of the volume control: when a receive volume control is provided, the setting which is closest to the
nominal RLR of 2 dB
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AM-FM Amplitude Modulation-Frequency Modulation
AMR Adaptative Multi-Rate
ETSI
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9 ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
AMR-NB Adaptive Multi-Rate NarrowBand
CS Composite Source
CSS Composite Source Signal
DRP ear Drum Reference Point
EC Echo Canceller
EFR Enhanced Full Rate
EL Echo Loss
ERP Ear Reference Point
ETH Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule
FFT Fast Fourrier Transform
GSM Global System for Mobile communications
HATS Head And Torso Simulator
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IP Internet Protocol
IPDV IP Packet Delay Variation
ITU-T International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication standardization sector
MOS Mean Opinion Score
MOS-LQOy Mean Opinion Score - Listening Quality Objective
NOTE: y being N for narrow-band, M for mixed and S for superwideband. See Recommendation
ITU-T P.800.1 [23].
MRP Mouth Reference Point
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
NLP Non Linear Processor
PBX Private Branch eXchange
PC Personal Computer
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
POLQA Perceptual Objective Listening Quality Assessment
PLC Packet Loss Concealment
PN Pseudo-random Noise
POI Point Of Interconnect
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
QoS Quality of Service
RLR Receive Loudness Rating
RMS Root Mean Square
RTP Real Time Protocol
SLR Send Loudness Rating
STMR SideTone Masking Rating
TCLw Terminal Coupling Loss (weighted)
TCN Trace Control for Netem
TDM Time Division Multiplex
TOSQA Telecommunication Objective Speech Quality Assessment
VAD Voice Activity Detector
4 General considerations
4.1 Default coding algorithm
VoIP terminals shall support the coding algorithm according to Recommendation ITU-T G.711 [7] (both µ-law and
A-law). VoIP terminals may support other coding algorithms.
NOTE: Associated Packet Loss Concealment (PLC) e.g. as defined in Recommendation ITU-T G.711 [7]
appendix I should be used.
ETSI
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10 ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
4.2 End-to-end considerations
In order to achieve a desired end-to-end speech transmission performance (mouth-to-ear) it is recommended that the
general rules of transmission planning are carried out with the E-model of Recommendation ITU-T G.107 [3] taking
into account that the E-model does not yet address headsets; this includes the a-priori determination of the desired
category of speech transmission quality as defined in Recommendation ITU-T G.109 [5].
While, in general, the transmission characteristics of single circuit-oriented network elements, such as switches or
terminals can be assumed to have a single input value for the planning tasks of Recommendation ITU-T G.108 [4], this
approach is not applicable in packet based systems and thus there is
...
Final draft ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2016-10)
ETSI STANDARD
Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ);
Transmission requirements for narrowband
VoIP terminals (handset and headset)
from a QoS perspective as perceived by the user
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 Final draft ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2016-10)
Reference
RES/STQ-242
Keywords
narrowband, quality, speech, telephony, terminal,
VoIP
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88
Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org/standards-search
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the
print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
https://portal.etsi.org/TB/ETSIDeliverableStatus.aspx
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
https://portal.etsi.org/People/CommiteeSupportStaff.aspx
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2016.
All rights reserved.
TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP and LTE™ are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 Final draft ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2016-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviations . 8
4 General considerations . 9
4.1 Default coding algorithm . 9
4.2 End-to-end considerations . 10
5 Test equipment . 10
5.1 IP half channel measurement adaptor . 10
5.2 Environmental conditions for tests . 10
5.3 Accuracy of measurements and test signal generation . 11
5.4 Network impairment simulation . 11
5.5 Acoustic environment . 12
5.6 Influence of terminal delay on measurements . 12
6 Requirements and associated measurement methodologies . 12
6.1 Notes . 12
6.2 Test setup. 13
6.2.1 General . 13
6.2.2 Setup for handsets and headsets . 13
6.2.3 Position and calibration of HATS . 14
6.2.4 Test signal levels . 14
6.2.5 Setup of background noise simulation . 14
6.3 Coding independent parameters . 15
6.3.1 Send frequency response . 15
6.3.2 Send Loudness Rating (SLR). 16
6.3.3 Mic mute . 16
6.3.4 Linearity range for SLR . 17
6.3.5 Send distortion . 18
6.3.6 Out-of-band signals in send direction . 18
6.3.7 Send noise . 19
6.3.8 Sidetone Masking Rating STMR (mouth to ear) . 19
6.3.9 Sidetone delay . 20
6.3.10 Terminal Coupling Loss weighted (TCLw) . 20
6.3.11 Stability loss. 21
6.3.12 Receive frequency response . 22
6.3.13 Receive Loudness Rating (RLR) . 25
6.3.14 Receive distortion . 25
6.3.15 Out-of-band signals in receive direction . 26
6.3.16 Minimum activation level and sensitivity in receive direction . 26
6.3.17 Receive noise . 26
6.3.18 Automatic level control in receive . 27
6.3.19 Double talk performance . 27
6.3.19.1 General . 27
6.3.19.2 Attenuation range in send direction during double talk A . 27
H,S,dt
6.3.19.3 Attenuation range in receive direction during double talk A . 28
H,R,dt
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4 Final draft ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2016-10)
6.3.19.4 Detection of echo components during double talk . 29
6.3.19.5 Minimum activation level and sensitivity of double talk detection . 30
6.3.20 Switching characteristics . 30
6.3.20.1 Note . 30
6.3.20.2 Activation in send direction . 30
6.3.20.3 Silence suppression and comfort noise generation . 31
6.3.21 Background noise performance . 31
6.3.21.1 Performance in send direction in the presence of background noise . 31
6.3.21.2 Speech quality in the presence of background noise . 32
6.3.21.3 Quality of background noise transmission (with far end speech). 33
6.3.22 Quality of echo cancellation . 34
6.3.22.1 Temporal echo effects . 34
6.3.22.2 Spectral echo attenuation . 34
6.3.22.3 Occurrence of artefacts . 35
6.3.22.4 Variable echo path. 35
6.3.23 Variant impairments; network dependant . 36
6.3.23.1 Clock accuracy send . 36
6.3.23.2 Clock accuracy receive . 36
6.3.23.3 Send delay variation . 36
6.3.24 Send and receive delay - round trip delay . 37
6.4 Codec specific requirements. 39
6.4.1 Objective listening speech quality MOS-LQO in send direction . 39
6.4.2 Objective listening quality MOS-LQO in receive direction . 39
6.4.3 Quality of jitter buffer adjustment . 41
Annex A (informative): Processing delays in VoIP terminals . 43
Annex B (informative): Example IP delay variation . 46
Annex C (informative): Bibliography . 47
History . 48
ETSI
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5 Final draft ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2016-10)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This final draft ETSI Standard (ES) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Speech and multimedia
Transmission Quality (STQ), and is now submitted for the ETSI standards Membership Approval Procedure.
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Traditionally, the analogue and digital telephones were interfacing switched-circuit 64 kbit/s PCM networks. With the
fast growth of IP networks, terminals directly interfacing packet-switched networks (VoIP) are being rapidly
introduced. Such IP network edge devices may include gateways, specifically designed IP phones, soft phones or other
devices connected to the IP based networks and providing telephony service. Since the IP networks will be in many
cases interworking with the traditional PSTN and private networks, many of the basic transmission requirements have
to be harmonised with specifications for traditional digital terminals. However, due to the unique characteristics of the
IP networks including packet loss, delay, etc. new performance specifications, as well as appropriate measuring
methods, will have to be developed. Terminals are getting increasingly complex, advanced signal processing is used to
address the IP specific issues. Also, the VoIP terminals may use other than 64 kbit/s PCM (Recommendation
ITU-T G.711 [7]) speech algorithms.
The advanced signal processing of terminals is targeted to speech signals. Therefore, wherever possible speech signals
are used for testing in order to achieve mostly realistic test conditions and meaningful results.
The present document provides speech transmission performance for narrowband VoIP handset and headset terminals.
NOTE: Requirement limits are given in tables, the associated curve when provided is given for illustration.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
6 Final draft ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2016-10)
1 Scope
The present document provides speech transmission performance requirements for 4 kHz narrowband VoIP handset and
headset terminals; it addresses all types of IP based terminals, including wireless and soft phones.
In contrast to other standards which define minimum performance requirements it is the intention of the present
document to specify terminal equipment requirements which enable manufacturers and service providers to enable good
quality end-to-end speech performance as perceived by the user.
In addition to basic testing procedures, the present document describes advanced testing procedures taking into account
further quality parameters as perceived by the user.
It is the intention of the present document to describe terminal performance parameters in such way that the remaining
variation of parameters can be assessed purely by the E-model.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 300 726: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); Enhanced Full
Rate (EFR) speech transcoding (GSM 06.60)".
[2] ETSI TS 126 171: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Speech codec speech processing functions; Adaptive
Multi-Rate - Wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec; General description (3GPP TS 26.171)".
[3] Recommendation ITU-T G.107: "The E-model: a computational model for use in transmission
planning".
[4] Recommendation ITU-T G.108: "Application of the E-model: A planning guide".
[5] Recommendation ITU-T G.109: "Definition of categories of speech transmission quality".
[6] Recommendation ITU-T G.122: "Influence of national systems on stability and talker echo in
international connections".
[7] Recommendation ITU-T G.711: "Pulse code modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies".
[8] Recommendation ITU-T G.723.1: "Dual rate speech coder for multimedia communications
transmitting at 5.3 and 6.3 kbit/s".
[9] Recommendation ITU-T G.726: "40, 32, 24, 16 kbit/s Adaptive Differential Pulse Code
Modulation (ADPCM)".
[10] Recommendation ITU-T G.729: "Coding of speech at 8 kbit/s using conjugate-structure algebraic-
code-excited linear prediction (CS-ACELP)".
[11] Recommendation ITU-T G.729.1: "G.729-based embedded variable bit-rate coder: An 8-32 kbit/s
scalable wideband coder bitstream interoperable with G.729".
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
7 Final draft ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2016-10)
[12] Recommendation ITU-T P.56: "Objective measurement of active speech level".
[13] Recommendation ITU-T P.57: "Artificial ears".
[14] Recommendation ITU-T P.58: "Head and torso simulator for telephonometry".
[15] Recommendation ITU-T P.64: "Determination of sensitivity/frequency characteristics of local
telephone systems".
[16] Recommendation ITU-T P.79: "Calculation of loudness ratings for telephone sets".
[17] Recommendation ITU-T P.340: "Transmission characteristics and speech quality parameters of
hands-free terminals".
[18] Recommendation ITU-T P.380: "Electro-acoustic measurements on headsets".
[19] Recommendation ITU-T P.501: "Test signals for use in telephonometry".
[20] Recommendation ITU-T P.502: "Objective test methods for speech communication systems using
complex test signals".
[21] Recommendation ITU-T P.581: "Use of head and torso simulator for hands-free and handset
terminal testing".
[22] IEC 61260-1: "Electroacoustics - Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters - Part 1:
Specifications".
[23] Recommendation ITU-T P.800.1: "Mean Opinion Score (MOS) terminology".
[24] ETSI ES 202 739: "Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Transmission
requirements for wideband VoIP terminals (handset and headset) from a QoS perspective as
perceived by the user".
[25] ETSI TS 103 224: "Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); A sound field
reproduction method for terminal testing including a background noise database".
[26] Recommendation ITU-T P.863: "Perceptual objective listening quality assessment".
[27] Recommendation ITU-T P.863.1: "Application guide for Recommendation ITU-T P.863".
[28] Recommendation ITU-T P.1010: "Fundamental voice transmission objectives for VoIP terminals
and gateways".
[29] IETF RFC 3550: "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI EG 201 377-1: "Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Specification and
measurement of speech transmission quality; Part 1: Introduction to objective comparison
measurement methods for one-way speech quality across networks".
[i.2] ETSI EG 202 425: "Speech Processing, Transmission and Quality Aspects (STQ); Definition and
implementation of VoIP reference point".
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
8 Final draft ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2016-10)
[i.3] ETSI EG 202 396-3: "Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Speech Quality
performance in the presence of background noise; Part 3: Background noise transmission -
Objective test methods".
[i.4] NIST Net.
NOTE: Available at http://snad.ncsl.nist.gov/itg/nistnet/.
[i.5] Netem.
NOTE: Available at http://www.linuxfoundation.org/en/Net:Netem.
[i.6] Trace Control for Netem (TCN): "A. Keller, Trace Control for Netem, Semester Thesis
SA-2006-15, ETH Zürich, 2006".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
artificial ear: device for the calibration of earphones incorporating an acoustic coupler and a calibrated microphone for
the measurement of the sound pressure and having an overall acoustic impedance similar to that of the median adult
human ear over a given frequency band
codec: combination of an analogue-to-digital encoder and a digital-to-analogue decoder operating in opposite directions
of transmission in the same equipment
Composite Source Signal (CSS): signal composed in time by various signal elements
diffuse field equalization: equalization of the HATS sound pick-up, equalization of the difference, in dB, between the
spectrum level of the acoustic pressure at the ear Drum Reference Point (DRP) and the spectrum level of the acoustic
pressure at the HATS Reference Point (HRP) in a diffuse sound field with the HATS absent using the reverse nominal
curve given in table 3 of Recommendation ITU-T P.58 [14]
Ear Reference Point (ERP): virtual point for geometric reference located at the entrance to the listener's ear,
traditionally used for calculating telephonometric loudness ratings
ear-Drum Reference Point (DRP): point located at the end of the ear canal, corresponding to the ear-drum position
freefield reference point: point located in the free sound field, at least in 1,5 m distance from a sound source radiating
in free air
NOTE: In case of a head and torso simulator (HATS) in the centre of the artificial head with no artificial head
present.
Head And Torso Simulator (HATS) for telephonometry: manikin extending downward from the top of the head to
the waist, designed to simulate the sound pick-up characteristics and the acoustic diffraction produced by a median
human adult and to reproduce the acoustic field generated by the human mouth
Mouth Reference Point (MRP): point located on axis and 25 mm in front of the lip plane of a mouth simulator
nominal setting of the volume control: when a receive volume control is provided, the setting which is closest to the
nominal RLR of 2 dB
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AM-FM Amplitude Modulation-Frequency Modulation
AMR Adaptative Multi-Rate
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
9 Final draft ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2016-10)
AMR-NB Adaptive Multi-Rate NarrowBand
CS Composite Source
CSS Composite Source Signal
DRP ear Drum Reference Point
EC Echo Canceller
EFR Enhanced Full Rate
EL Echo Loss
ERP Ear Reference Point
ETH Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule
FFT Fast Fourrier Transform
GSM Global System for Mobile communications
HATS Head And Torso Simulator
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IP Internet Protocol
IPDV IP Packet Delay Variation
ITU-T International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication standardization sector
MOS Mean Opinion Score
MOS-LQOy Mean Opinion Score - Listening Quality Objective, y being N for narrow-band, M for mixed and S
for superwideband
NOTE: See Recommendation ITU-T P.800.1 [23].
MRP Mouth Reference Point
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
NLP Non Linear Processor
PBX Private Branch eXchange
PC Personal Computer
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
POLQA Perceptual Objective Listening Quality Assessment
PLC Packet Loss Concealment
PN Pseudo-random Noise
POI Point Of Interconnect
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
QoS Quality of Service
RLR Receive Loudness Rating
RMS Root Mean Square
RTP Real Time Protocol
SLR Send Loudness Rating
STMR SideTone Masking Rating
TCLw Terminal Coupling Loss (weighted)
TCN Trace Control for Netem
TDM Time Division Multiplex
TOSQA Telecommunication Objective Speech Quality Assessment
VAD Voice Activity Detector
4 General considerations
4.1 Default coding algorithm
VoIP terminals shall support the coding algorithm according to Recommendation ITU-T G.711 [7] (both µ-law and
A-law). VoIP terminals may support other coding algorithms.
NOTE: Associated Packet Loss Concealment (PLC) e.g. as defined in Recommendation ITU-T G.711 [7]
appendix I should be used.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
10 Final draft ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2016-10)
4.2 End-to-end considerations
In order to achieve a desired end-to-end speech transmission performance (mouth-to-ear) it is recommended that the
general rules of transmission planning are carried out with the E-model of Recommendation ITU-T G.107 [3] taking
into account that the E-model does not yet address headsets; this includes the a-priori determination of the desired
category of speech transmission quality as defined in Recommendation ITU-T G.109 [5].
While, in general, the transmission characteristics of single circuit-oriented network elements, such as sw
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
SIST ES 202 737 V1.5.1:2017
01-marec-2017
.DNRYRVWSUHQRVDJRYRUDLQYHþSUHGVWDYQLKYVHELQ 674 3UHQRVQH]DKWHYH]D
R]NRSDVRYQHWHUPLQDOH9R,3 URþQHLQQDJODYQH JOHGHQDNDNRYRVWVWRULWHY 4R6
NRWMLKGRMHPDXSRUDEQLN
Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ) - Transmission requirements for
narrowband VoIP terminals (handset and headset) from a QoS perspective as perceived
by the user
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
ICS:
33.050.01 Telekomunikacijska Telecommunication terminal
terminalska oprema na equipment in general
splošno
SIST ES 202 737 V1.5.1:2017 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
SIST ES 202 737 V1.5.1:2017
---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
SIST ES 202 737 V1.5.1:2017
ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
ETSI STANDARD
Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ);
Transmission requirements for narrowband
VoIP terminals (handset and headset)
from a QoS perspective as perceived by the user
---------------------- Page: 3 ----------------------
SIST ES 202 737 V1.5.1:2017
2 ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Reference
RES/STQ-242
Keywords
narrowband, quality, speech, telephony, terminal,
VoIP
ETSI
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© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2017.
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GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 4 ----------------------
SIST ES 202 737 V1.5.1:2017
3 ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviations . 8
4 General considerations . 9
4.1 Default coding algorithm . 9
4.2 End-to-end considerations . 10
5 Test equipment . 10
5.1 IP half channel measurement adaptor . 10
5.2 Environmental conditions for tests . 10
5.3 Accuracy of measurements and test signal generation . 11
5.4 Network impairment simulation . 11
5.5 Acoustic environment . 12
5.6 Influence of terminal delay on measurements . 12
6 Requirements and associated measurement methodologies . 13
6.1 Notes . 13
6.2 Test setup. 13
6.2.1 General . 13
6.2.2 Setup for handsets and headsets . 14
6.2.3 Position and calibration of HATS . 14
6.2.4 Test signal levels . 15
6.2.5 Setup of background noise simulation . 15
6.3 Coding independent parameters . 15
6.3.1 Send frequency response . 15
6.3.2 Send Loudness Rating (SLR). 16
6.3.3 Mic mute . 17
6.3.4 Linearity range for SLR . 17
6.3.5 Send distortion . 18
6.3.6 Out-of-band signals in send direction . 19
6.3.7 Send noise . 19
6.3.8 Sidetone Masking Rating STMR (mouth to ear) . 20
6.3.9 Sidetone delay . 20
6.3.10 Terminal Coupling Loss weighted (TCLw) . 21
6.3.11 Stability loss. 21
6.3.12 Receive frequency response . 22
6.3.13 Receive Loudness Rating (RLR) . 25
6.3.14 Receive distortion . 25
6.3.15 Out-of-band signals in receive direction . 26
6.3.16 Minimum activation level and sensitivity in receive direction . 27
6.3.17 Receive noise . 27
6.3.18 Automatic level control in receive . 27
6.3.19 Double talk performance . 27
6.3.19.1 General . 27
6.3.19.2 Attenuation range in send direction during double talk A . 28
H,S,dt
6.3.19.3 Attenuation range in receive direction during double talk A . 29
H,R,dt
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 5 ----------------------
SIST ES 202 737 V1.5.1:2017
4 ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
6.3.19.4 Detection of echo components during double talk . 29
6.3.19.5 Minimum activation level and sensitivity of double talk detection . 31
6.3.20 Switching characteristics . 31
6.3.20.1 Note . 31
6.3.20.2 Activation in send direction . 31
6.3.20.3 Silence suppression and comfort noise generation . 31
6.3.21 Background noise performance . 32
6.3.21.1 Performance in send direction in the presence of background noise . 32
6.3.21.2 Speech quality in the presence of background noise . 32
6.3.21.3 Quality of background noise transmission (with far end speech). 33
6.3.22 Quality of echo cancellation . 34
6.3.22.1 Temporal echo effects . 34
6.3.22.2 Spectral echo attenuation . 34
6.3.22.3 Occurrence of artefacts . 35
6.3.22.4 Variable echo path. 35
6.3.23 Variant impairments; network dependant . 36
6.3.23.1 Clock accuracy send . 36
6.3.23.2 Clock accuracy receive . 37
6.3.23.3 Send delay variation . 37
6.3.24 Send and receive delay - round trip delay . 38
6.4 Codec specific requirements. 39
6.4.1 Objective listening speech quality MOS-LQO in send direction . 39
6.4.2 Objective listening quality MOS-LQO in receive direction . 40
6.4.3 Quality of jitter buffer adjustment . 42
Annex A (informative): Processing delays in VoIP terminals . 44
Annex B (informative): Example IP delay variation . 47
Annex C (informative): Bibliography . 48
History . 49
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 6 ----------------------
SIST ES 202 737 V1.5.1:2017
5 ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This ETSI Standard (ES) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Speech and multimedia Transmission
Quality (STQ).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Traditionally, the analogue and digital telephones were interfacing switched-circuit 64 kbit/s PCM networks. With the
fast growth of IP networks, terminals directly interfacing packet-switched networks (VoIP) are being rapidly
introduced. Such IP network edge devices may include gateways, specifically designed IP phones, soft phones or other
devices connected to the IP based networks and providing telephony service. Since the IP networks will be in many
cases interworking with the traditional PSTN and private networks, many of the basic transmission requirements have
to be harmonised with specifications for traditional digital terminals. However, due to the unique characteristics of the
IP networks including packet loss, delay, etc. new performance specifications, as well as appropriate measuring
methods, will have to be developed. Terminals are getting increasingly complex, advanced signal processing is used to
address the IP specific issues. Also, the VoIP terminals may use other than 64 kbit/s PCM (Recommendation ITU-T
G.711 [7]) speech algorithms.
The advanced signal processing of terminals is targeted to speech signals. Therefore, wherever possible speech signals
are used for testing in order to achieve mostly realistic test conditions and meaningful results.
The present document provides speech transmission performance for narrowband VoIP handset and headset terminals.
NOTE: Requirement limits are given in tables, the associated curve when provided is given for illustration.
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 7 ----------------------
SIST ES 202 737 V1.5.1:2017
6 ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
1 Scope
The present document provides speech transmission performance requirements for 4 kHz narrowband VoIP handset and
headset terminals; it addresses all types of IP based terminals, including wireless and soft phones.
In contrast to other standards which define minimum performance requirements it is the intention of the present
document to specify terminal equipment requirements which enable manufacturers and service providers to enable good
quality end-to-end speech performance as perceived by the user.
In addition to basic testing procedures, the present document describes advanced testing procedures taking into account
further quality parameters as perceived by the user.
It is the intention of the present document to describe terminal performance parameters in such way that the remaining
variation of parameters can be assessed purely by the E-model.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 300 726: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+) (GSM); Enhanced Full
Rate (EFR) speech transcoding (GSM 06.60)".
[2] ETSI TS 126 171: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Universal Mobile
Telecommunications System (UMTS); LTE; Speech codec speech processing functions; Adaptive
Multi-Rate - Wideband (AMR-WB) speech codec; General description (3GPP TS 26.171)".
[3] Recommendation ITU-T G.107: "The E-model: a computational model for use in transmission
planning".
[4] Recommendation ITU-T G.108: "Application of the E-model: A planning guide".
[5] Recommendation ITU-T G.109: "Definition of categories of speech transmission quality".
[6] Recommendation ITU-T G.122: "Influence of national systems on stability and talker echo in
international connections".
[7] Recommendation ITU-T G.711: "Pulse code modulation (PCM) of voice frequencies".
[8] Recommendation ITU-T G.723.1: "Dual rate speech coder for multimedia communications
transmitting at 5.3 and 6.3 kbit/s".
[9] Recommendation ITU-T G.726: "40, 32, 24, 16 kbit/s Adaptive Differential Pulse Code
Modulation (ADPCM)".
[10] Recommendation ITU-T G.729: "Coding of speech at 8 kbit/s using conjugate-structure algebraic-
code-excited linear prediction (CS-ACELP)".
[11] Recommendation ITU-T G.729.1: "G.729-based embedded variable bit-rate coder: An 8-32 kbit/s
scalable wideband coder bitstream interoperable with G.729".
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 8 ----------------------
SIST ES 202 737 V1.5.1:2017
7 ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
[12] Recommendation ITU-T P.56: "Objective measurement of active speech level".
[13] Recommendation ITU-T P.57: "Artificial ears".
[14] Recommendation ITU-T P.58: "Head and torso simulator for telephonometry".
[15] Recommendation ITU-T P.64: "Determination of sensitivity/frequency characteristics of local
telephone systems".
[16] Recommendation ITU-T P.79: "Calculation of loudness ratings for telephone sets".
[17] Recommendation ITU-T P.340: "Transmission characteristics and speech quality parameters of
hands-free terminals".
[18] Recommendation ITU-T P.380: "Electro-acoustic measurements on headsets".
[19] Recommendation ITU-T P.501: "Test signals for use in telephonometry".
[20] Recommendation ITU-T P.502: "Objective test methods for speech communication systems using
complex test signals".
[21] Recommendation ITU-T P.581: "Use of head and torso simulator for hands-free and handset
terminal testing".
[22] IEC 61260-1: "Electroacoustics - Octave-band and fractional-octave-band filters - Part 1:
Specifications".
[23] Recommendation ITU-T P.800.1: "Mean Opinion Score (MOS) terminology".
[24] ETSI ES 202 739: "Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Transmission
requirements for wideband VoIP terminals (handset and headset) from a QoS perspective as
perceived by the user".
[25] ETSI TS 103 224: "Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); A sound field
reproduction method for terminal testing including a background noise database".
[26] Recommendation ITU-T P.863: "Perceptual objective listening quality assessment".
[27] Recommendation ITU-T P.863.1: "Application guide for Recommendation ITU-T P.863".
[28] Recommendation ITU-T P.1010: "Fundamental voice transmission objectives for VoIP terminals
and gateways".
[29] IETF RFC 3550: "RTP: A Transport Protocol for Real-Time Applications".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] ETSI EG 201 377-1: "Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Specification and
measurement of speech transmission quality; Part 1: Introduction to objective comparison
measurement methods for one-way speech quality across networks".
[i.2] ETSI EG 202 425: "Speech Processing, Transmission and Quality Aspects (STQ); Definition and
implementation of VoIP reference point".
ETSI
---------------------- Page: 9 ----------------------
SIST ES 202 737 V1.5.1:2017
8 ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
[i.3] ETSI EG 202 396-3: "Speech and multimedia Transmission Quality (STQ); Speech Quality
performance in the presence of background noise; Part 3: Background noise transmission -
Objective test methods".
[i.4] NIST Net.
NOTE: Available at https://www-x.antd.nist.gov/itg/nistnet/.
[i.5] Netem.
NOTE: Available at http://www.linuxfoundation.org/en/Net:Netem.
[i.6] Trace Control for Netem (TCN): "A. Keller, Trace Control for Netem, Semester Thesis
SA-2006-15, ETH Zürich, 2006".
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
artificial ear: device for the calibration of earphones incorporating an acoustic coupler and a calibrated microphone for
the measurement of the sound pressure and having an overall acoustic impedance similar to that of the median adult
human ear over a given frequency band
codec: combination of an analogue-to-digital encoder and a digital-to-analogue decoder operating in opposite directions
of transmission in the same equipment
Composite Source Signal (CSS): signal composed in time by various signal elements
diffuse field equalization: equalization of the HATS sound pick-up, equalization of the difference, in dB, between the
spectrum level of the acoustic pressure at the ear Drum Reference Point (DRP) and the spectrum level of the acoustic
pressure at the HATS Reference Point (HRP) in a diffuse sound field with the HATS absent using the reverse nominal
curve given in table 3 of Recommendation ITU-T P.58 [14]
Ear Reference Point (ERP): virtual point for geometric reference located at the entrance to the listener's ear,
traditionally used for calculating telephonometric loudness ratings
ear-Drum Reference Point (DRP): point located at the end of the ear canal, corresponding to the ear-drum position
freefield reference point: point located in the free sound field, at least in 1,5 m distance from a sound source radiating
in free air
NOTE: In case of a head and torso simulator (HATS) in the centre of the artificial head with no artificial head
present.
Head And Torso Simulator (HATS) for telephonometry: manikin extending downward from the top of the head to
the waist, designed to simulate the sound pick-up characteristics and the acoustic diffraction produced by a median
human adult and to reproduce the acoustic field generated by the human mouth
Mouth Reference Point (MRP): point located on axis and 25 mm in front of the lip plane of a mouth simulator
nominal setting of the volume control: when a receive volume control is provided, the setting which is closest to the
nominal RLR of 2 dB
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AM-FM Amplitude Modulation-Frequency Modulation
AMR Adaptative Multi-Rate
ETSI
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9 ETSI ES 202 737 V1.5.1 (2017-01)
AMR-NB Adaptive Multi-Rate NarrowBand
CS Composite Source
CSS Composite Source Signal
DRP ear Drum Reference Point
EC Echo Canceller
EFR Enhanced Full Rate
EL Echo Loss
ERP Ear Reference Point
ETH Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule
FFT Fast Fourrier Transform
GSM Global System for Mobile communications
HATS Head And Torso Simulator
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IP Internet Protocol
IPDV IP Packet Delay Variation
ITU-T International Telecommunication Union - Telecommunication standardization sector
MOS Mean Opinion Score
MOS-LQOy Mean Opinion Score - Listening Quality Objective
NOTE: y being N for narrow-band, M for mixed and S for superwideband. See Recommendation
ITU-T P.800.1 [23].
MRP Mouth Reference Point
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
NLP Non Linear Processor
PBX Private Branch eXchange
PC Personal Computer
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
POLQA Perceptual Objective Listening Quality Assessment
PLC Packet Loss Concealment
PN Pseudo-random Noise
POI Point Of Interconnect
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
QoS Quality of Service
RLR Receive Loudness Rating
RMS Root Mean Square
RTP Real Time Protocol
SLR Send Loudness Rating
STMR SideTone Masking Rating
TCLw Terminal Coupling Loss (weighted)
TCN Trace Control for Netem
TDM Time Division Multiplex
TOSQA Telecommunication Objective Speech Quality Assessment
VAD Voice Activity Detector
4 General considerations
4.1 Default coding
...
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