ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
Short Range Devices (SRD); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radio determination (GPR/WPR) devices; Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum
Short Range Devices (SRD); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radio determination (GPR/WPR) devices; Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum
REN/ERM-TGUWB-146
Naprave kratkega dosega (SRD) - Naprave za radijsko sondiranje tal in zidov (GPR/WPR) - Harmonizirani standard za dostop do radijskega spektra
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
Draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.0 (2019-04)
HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Short Range Devices (SRD);
Ground- and Wall- Probing Radio
determination (GPR/WPR) devices;
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum
2 Draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.0 (2019-04)
Reference
REN/ERM-TGUWB-146
Keywords
harmonised standard, radio, SRD, testing, UWB
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3 Draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.0 (2019-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms . 8
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Technical requirements specifications . 9
4.1 Environmental conditions . 9
4.2 General . 9
4.3 Transmitter Conformance Requirements . 10
4.3.1 Operating Bandwidth . 10
4.3.1.1 Applicability. 10
4.3.1.2 Description . 10
4.3.1.3 Limits . 10
4.3.1.4 Conformance . 10
4.3.2 Maximum value of mean power spectral density . 10
4.3.3 Maximum value of peak power . 10
4.3.4 All undesired emissions . 10
4.3.4.1 Applicability. 10
4.3.4.2 Description . 11
4.3.4.3 Limits . 11
4.3.4.4 Conformance . 11
4.3.5 Other Emissions . 11
4.3.6 Transmitter unwanted emissions . 11
4.4 Receiver Conformance Requirements . 11
4.4.1 General . 11
4.4.2 Receiver spurious emissions . 11
4.4.3 Receiver dynamic range (sensitivity) for GPR/WPR . 11
4.4.3.1 Applicability. 11
4.4.3.2 Description . 12
4.4.3.3 Limits . 12
4.4.3.4 Conformance . 12
4.4.4 Receiver blocking for GPR/WPR . 12
4.4.4.1 Applicability. 12
4.4.4.2 Description . 12
4.4.4.3 Limits . 12
4.4.4.4 Conformance . 12
4.5 Other Requirements and Mitigation techniques . 12
4.5.1 Deactivation mechanism . 12
4.5.1.1 Applicability. 12
4.5.1.2 Description . 13
4.5.1.3 Limits . 13
4.5.1.4 Conformance . 13
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 13
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 13
5.2 General conditions for testing . 13
6 Conformance test suites. 13
6.1 Test setup. 13
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6.1.1 Setup description for small GPR/WPR . 13
6.1.2 Setup description for other GPR/WPR . 14
6.2 Conformance methods of measurement for transmitter . 16
6.2.1 General . 16
6.2.2 Operating Bandwidth(s) . 16
6.2.3 Mean power spectral density measurements . 16
6.2.4 Peak power measurements . 16
6.2.5 All undesired emissions measurement . 16
6.2.6 Other emissions . 18
6.2.7 Transmitter unwanted emissions . 18
6.3 Conformance methods of measurement for receiver . 18
6.3.1 Receiver spurious emissions . 18
6.3.2 Receiver dynamic range (sensitivity) and blocking . 18
6.3.2.0 General . 18
6.3.2.1 Test scenario . 18
6.3.2.2 Interferer test frequencies and interferer power levels . 19
6.3.2.3 Measurement of the maximum signal M for the receiver . 20
6.3.2.4 Measurement of the noise level N with the interferer deactivated . 20
6.3.2.5 Measurement of the received signal I with the interferer activated . 20
6.3.2.6 Calculation of D1 . 20
6.3.2.7 Calculation of D2 . 20
6.4 Other test suites . 20
6.4.1 Deactivation mechanism . 20
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 21
Annex B (normative): Deactivation mechanism . 22
Annex C (normative): Calculation of the Mean Power Density. 23
C.0 General . 23
C.1 Measurement of τ, transmit pulse width. 24
C.1.0 Introduction . 24
C.1.1 Time domain . 24
C.1.2 Frequency domain . 25
Annex D (normative): Receiver parameters for GPR/WPR . 26
D.0 General . 26
D.1 Resilience of GPR/WPR receiver against interferences . 26
D.1.0 Introduction . 26
D.1.1 Maximum signal M for the RX in the linear region of operation . 27
D.1.2 Noise level N for the RX in the linear region of operation . 27
D.1.3 Signal I recorded in presence of the interferer. 27
D.2 Performance criteria for GPR/WPR . 28
Annex E (informative): Bibliography . 30
Annex F (informative): Change History . 31
History . 32
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Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
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Foreword
This draft Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic
compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the combined Public Enquiry and Vote
phase of the ETSI standards EN Approval Procedure.
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.5] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.1].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive and associated
EFTA regulations.
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 18 months after doa
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
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1 Scope
The present document specifies the requirements for Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar imaging systems applications.
Ground Probing Radars (GPR) and Wall Probing Radars (WPR) are used in survey and detection applications.
The scope is limited to GPR and WPR radars, which are imaging systems are designed to operate while in contact with,
or in close proximity to the ground or the wall, and their emissions being directed into the ground or wall (e.g. measured
by a proximity sensor or imposed by the mechanical design). It does not include radars operated from aircraft or
spacecraft.
The GPR/WPR applications in the present document are not intended for communications purposes, and the intended
signal is not radiated into free space.
The emissions into the air resulting from the operation of GPR/WPR imaging systems are therefore defined as those
emissions radiated in all directions above the ground from the GPR/WPR equipment, including direct emissions from
the housing/structure of the equipment and emissions reflected or passing through the media under inspection (referred
in ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2] and in the present document as "undesired emissions"); they are therefore dependent on the
operational conditions and are meaningful only if the GPR/WPR are coupled with the material being investigated.
Figure 1 shows the scenario to be considered for the emissions radiated into the air by GPR/WPR.
Figure 1: Hatched area around the GPR/WPR shows the emissions
to be considered in this clause
NOTE 1: Equipment covered by the present document is intended to be used by competent professional personnel.
The present document applies to:
1) Ground Probing Radars (GPR) operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly
downwards into the ground.
2) Wall Probing Radars (WPR) operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly into a
"wall". The "wall" is a building material structure, the side of a bridge, the wall of a mine or another physical
structure that absorbs a significant part of the signal transmitted by the radar.
These equipment can either:
1) be fitted with integral antennas and without antenna connector; or
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2) use different imaging heads (antennas) with an antenna connector, to allow operation at different operating
bandwidths frequencies.
NOTE 2: Equipment covered by the present document operates in accordance with ECC/DEC(06)08 [i.2].
These radio equipment types are capable of operating in all or part of the frequency bands given in table 1.
Table 1: Permitted ranges of operation
Permitted range of operation
Transmit 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz
Receive 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz
NOTE 1: Limits in table 2, clause 4.3.4 are to be met.
NOTE 2: The frequency usage conditions for GPR/WPR are not fully harmonised in the
EU and CEPT. Some National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) may not have a
general frequency allocation for GPR/WPT and may have established individual
licensing requirements (e.g. registration of the user). Annex 2 of
ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2] gives some guidance to administrations.
NOTE 3: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.1] is given in annex A.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are specific, identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number. Only the cited
version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 303 883 (V1.1.1) (09-2016): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band
(UWB); Measurement Techniques".
[2] ETSI TS 103 361 (V1.1.1) (03-2016): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band
technology (UWB); Receiver technical requirements, parameters and measurement procedures to
fulfil the requirements of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
[3] CENELEC EN 55016-1-1 (March 2010 + A1 October 2010 + A2 September 2014): "Specification
for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1-1: Radio disturbance
and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus".
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2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.2] ECC/DEC/(06)08: "ECC Decision of 1 December 2006 on the conditions for use of the radio
spectrum by Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar (GPR/WPR) imaging systems".
[i.3] ETSI TS 103 051 (V1.1.1) (08-2011): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Expanded measurement uncertainty for the measurement of radiated electromagnetic
fields".
[i.4] Void.
[i.5] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.6] ETSI EG 203 336 (V1.1.1) (08-2015): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Guide for the selection of technical parameters for the production of Harmonised
Standards covering article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.7] Recommendation ITU-R SM.1755: "Characteristics of ultra-wideband technology".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI EN 303 883 [1] and the following apply:
footsize: outside dimension of the DUT in the horizontal plane
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI), averaged over a sufficiently long
time to cover all PRI variations
Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI): time between the rising edges of the transmitted (pulsed) output power
small GPR/WPR: GPR/WPR having its largest dimension up to 1 meter in the horizontal plane
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
time window: length of time that the GPR/WPR receiver is activated to collect reflections from a single transmitted
signal
undesired emissions: emissions radiated in all directions above the ground from the GPR/WPR equipment, including
direct emissions from the housing/structure of the equipment and emissions reflected or passing through the media
under inspection (see ETSI EG 203 336 [i.6])
user manual: end user documentation to be included with the device
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3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in ETSI EN 303 883 [1] and the following apply:
dB DeciBel
dBi Gain in decibels relative to an isotropic antenna
D1 Difference between M and N
D2 Difference between M and I
E Electrical field strength
f Frequency at which the emission is the peak power at maximum
c
Ι Signal recorded by the receiver in presence of the interferer
λ Wavelength
M Maximum signal for the receiver in the linear region of operation
N Receiver noise level
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI EN 303 883 [1] and the following apply:
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
DT DwellTime
DUT Device Under Test
e.r.p. effective radiated power
GPR Ground Probing Radar, Ground Penetrating Radar
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PRI Pulse Repetition Interval
RNSS Radio Navigation Satellite Service
RX Receiver
SA Spectrum Analyser
ST ScanTime
TX Transmitter
WPR Wall Probing Radar
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Environmental conditions
The technical requirements of the present document apply under the environmental profile for operation of the
equipment, which shall be declared by the manufacturer. The equipment shall comply with all the technical
requirements of the present document which are identified as applicable in annex A at all times when operating within
the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile.
4.2 General
UWB devices in the scope of the present document can operate in a broad permitted range of frequencies from 30 MHz
to 12,4 GHz, as defined in table 1.
In order to clearly identify the required limits and thus measurement procedures it is essential to define the operational
bandwidth of the UWB equipment under test, The operating bandwidth of the UWB equipment under test shall be
the -10 dB bandwidth of the intended UWB signal under normal operational conditions as defined in clause 4.3.1.
A single UWB device can have more than one operational bandwidth. All UWB related emissions shall be measured in
the identified operational bandwidth of the UWB device under test. The required mitigation techniques are only valid in
the operational bandwidth.
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The RX conformance test considers the dynamic range and the resilience of the receiver against interference signals in
the operational bandwidth and on some clearly identified frequencies inside and outside the operational bandwidth(s),
see clause 4.4.4.
Test site and general arrangements for compliance measurements are defined in clauses 6.1.1 and 6.1.2.
4.3 Transmitter Conformance Requirements
4.3.1 Operating Bandwidth
4.3.1.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all DUT.
4.3.1.2 Description
The operating bandwidth(s) of GPR/WPR is/are the -10 dB bandwidth(s) of effective emissions radiated into the air by
the equipment.
This definition is in accordance to appendix 1 of ECC/DEC(06)08 [i.2] and to Recommendation ITU-R SM.1755 [i.7].
4.3.1.3 Limits
Any operating bandwidth of all the DUT shall lie within the permitted frequency range of operation of the device (see
table 1) and shall be > 50 MHz.
4.3.1.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for operating bandwidth shall be as defined in clause 6.2.2.
4.3.2 Maximum value of mean power spectral density
There is no regulatory limit for the UWB maximum mean power spectral density in the main lobe of the GPR/WPR
antenna (towards ground or wall) due to the nature of the GPR/WPR applications (see scope of the present document).
The relevant mean power spectral density emissions (according to [i.2]) of the GPR/WPR device will be considered in
clause 4.3.4 (undesired emission limit) and annex C (calculation of the mean power density).
4.3.3 Maximum value of peak power
There is no regulatory limit for the UWB maximum peak power in the main lobe of the GPR/WPR antenna (towards
ground or wall) due to the nature of the GPR/WPR applications (see scope of the present document). The relevant peak
power emissions (according to [i.2]) of the GPR/WPR device will be tested under clause 4.3.4 (undesired emissions
limit).
4.3.4 All undesired emissions
4.3.4.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all DUT.
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4.3.4.2 Description
Definition "undesired emissions" see clause 3.1.
See also clause 4.3.5 for the other emissions.
4.3.4.3 Limits
The effective radiated power of any emission from GPR/WPR shall not exceed the values given in table 2.
Table 2: Power limits of radiated emissions [i.2]
Frequency range Peak power limit values for emission
(MHz)
30 to 230 -44,5 dBm/120 kHz (e.r.p)
> 230 to 1 000 -37,5 dBm/120 kHz (e.r.p)
> 1 000 to 18 000 -30 dBm/MHz (e.i.r.p.)
The maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density which is based on the peak values measured according to clause 6.2.5,
shall be calculated as set out in annex C and shall not exceed the values in table C.1.
4.3.4.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite shall be as defined in clause 6.2.6.
4.3.5 Other Emissions
This requirement does not apply for GPR/WPR. The total undesired emissions from a GPR/WPR already include direct
non UWB based (TX/RX) emissions from the housing/structure/electronics; therefore this clause does not apply
because covered by the measurement of all undesired emissions in clause 4.3.4 (see ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2]).
4.3.6 Transmitter unwanted emissions
Transmitter unwanted emissions are specified as Out-Of-Band (OOB) and spurious emissions. For GPR/WPR these
emissions are covered by the spectrum mask as defined in clause 4.3.4 and annex C and will be tested under
clause 4.3.4 (undesired emissions limit).
4.4 Receiver Conformance Requirements
4.4.1 General
For a detailed description for GPR/WPR receiver requirements, see annex D.
4.4.2 Receiver spurious emissions
Receiver spurious emissions are measured as part of the emissions resulting from the operation of GPR/WPR imaging
systems, see clause 4.3.4.
4.4.3 Receiver dynamic range (sensitivity) for GPR/WPR
4.4.3.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all DUT.
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4.4.3.2 Description
Receiver dynamic range is broadly defined as the range of input signal levels over which a receiver functions at a
specified performance level.
For GPR/WPR this performance criterion is set upon the difference D1 between the maximum signal M for the RX in
the linear region of operation and the noise level N.
D1[dB] = M [dB] – N [dB] (1)
NOTE: More details on this RX-requirement are given in clause D.1.
4.4.3.3 Limits
D1 ≥ 40 dB (2)
4.4.3.4 Conformance
The conformance tests for Receiver dynamic range shall be as defined in clause 6.3.2.
4.4.4 Receiver blocking for GPR/WPR
4.4.4.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all DUT.
4.4.4.2 Description
For GPR/WPR, receiver blocking is defined as the measure of the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted signal
without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of an unwanted input signal at any frequency within the
operating bandwidth; it evaluates the capability of the GPR/WPR to operate as intended in coexistence with interferers.
This parameter is also defined as "Interferer signal handling" in ETSI TS 103 361 [2].
Operation as intended is evaluated using a performance criterion. For GPR/WPR this performance criterion is set upon
the difference D2 between the maximum signal M for the RX in the linear region of operation and output signal I in
presence of the interferer.
D2[dB] = M [dB] – I [dB] (3)
NOTE: More details on this RX-requirement are given in clause D.1.
4.4.4.3 Limits
D2 ≥ 20 dB (4)
4.4.4.4 Conformance
The conformance tests for GPR/WPR receiver blocking shall be as defined in clause 6.3.2.
4.5 Other Requirements and Mitigation techniques
4.5.1 Deactivation mechanism
4.5.1.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all DUT.
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4.5.1.2 Description
GPR/WPR applications are not intended for communications purposes. Their intended usage excludes radiation into the
free space and this should be avoided due to a proper mechanism that deactivates the equipment when normal use is
interrupted.
4.5.1.3 Limits
The deactivation mechanism requirements are defined in annex B.
4.5.1.4 Conformance
The conformance tests for the deactivation mechanism shall be as defined in clause 6.4.
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing
Tests defined in the present document shall be carried out at representative points within the boundary limits of the
declared operational environmental profile.
Where technical performance varies subject to environmental conditions, tests shall be carried out under a sufficient
variety of environmental conditions (within the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile) to
give confidence of compliance for the affected technical requirements.
5.2 General conditions for testing
ETSI EN 303 883 [1] provides additional information on general conditions for testing, e.g. test environment and test
conditions.
ETSI TS 103 051 [i.3] provides additional information on general conditions for measurement uncertainty.
6 Conformance test suites
6.1 Test setup
6.1.1 Setup description for small GPR/WPR
An anechoic chamber is the test site to be used for radiated testing of small GPR/WPR.
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Figure 2: Calibrated setup for small GPR/WPR
In this case the DUT shall be placed at a height of 80 cm on a non-conducting support with the emitter directed
downwards. If the DUT emissions are expected to have components below 500 MHz, a layer of ferrite tile should be
placed directly on the floor below the DUT. Pyramidal or wedge-shaped RF absorbers up to 80 cm in height shall be
placed directly below the DUT. Some sections of absorber may be inverted and placed over other absorbers to form a
solid block. Care shall be taken not to place any RF absorber between the device and the search antenna, as this would
prevent energy not directed downwards from reflecting from the ground screen. The placement of the absorber shall not
be disturbed when the device is rotated. This arrangement prevents energy directed downwards from consideration in
the measurement.
The test antenna is placed three metres away from the boresight (vertical centre axis) of the DUT; it should be mounted
on a support capable of allowing the antenna to be used in either horizontal or vertical polarization. Moreover the
support should additionally allow the height of antenna centre above the ground to be varied from 1 to 4 meters.
Care shall be taken to avoid having the main lobe of the receiving antenna receiving a floor reflection.
For both the horizontal and vertical polarization of the test antenna, a sufficient measurements in azimuth and elevation
shall be taken for each frequency of interest to ensure that the maximum emission value has been recorded.
6.1.2 Setup description for other GPR/WPR
Other GPR/WPR shall be tested over a dry sand pit and the emission of GPR/WPR is to be directed towards the sand
pit. The sand pit shall be 50 cm deep and greater in area than the DUT. The ground of the sand pit shall consist of thin
plastic sheet or other suitable barrier to preserve sand condition.
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Figure 3: Calibrated setup for other GPR/WPR and measurements below 960 MHz
During the measurement, the DUT shall be placed on the testbed of sand with its antenna pointing directly into the sand
and the test antenna is placed three metres away from the boresight (vertical centre axis) of the DUT.
For measurement below 960 MHz, the test antenna is placed three metres away from the boresight (vertical centre axis)
of the DUT; it should be mounted on a support capable of allowing the antenna to be used in either horizontal or
vertical polarization. Moreover the support should additionally allow the height of antenna centre above the ground to
be varied from 1 to 4 meters to ensure that the maximum emission is recorded. Measurement shall be repeated for both
the test antenna polarizations, by rotating the DUT from 0° to 360° degrees with 45° step increment.
Figure 4: Calibrated setup for other GPR/WPR and measurements above 960 MHz
For measurement above 960 MHz, the test antenna is placed three metres away from the boresight (vertical centre axis)
of the DUT; it should be mounted on a support capable of allowing the antenna to be used in either horizontal or
vertical polarization. The test antenna is pointed in the direction of the DUT to ensure that the maximum emission is
recorded. Measurement shall be repeated by rotating the DUT from 0° to 360° degrees with 45° step increment.
ETSI
16 Draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.0 (2019-04)
6.2 Conformance methods of measurement for transmitter
6.2.1 General
The DUT shall be measured for:
• the operating bandwidth(s);
• the undesired emissions.
6.2.2 Operating Bandwidth(s)
The DUT shall be tested with the setup described in clause 6.1.1 or 6.1.2 depending on DUT dimensions.
The dimensions of the DUT and the setup used shall be recorded in the test report.
In both measurements for the lower and upper frequency bound f and f , there shall be no point in the emission below
L H
f and above f where the level increases above the level recorded at f and f . This ensures that peaks and valleys
L H L H
occurring near f are not used prematurely as the upper and lower bounds of the emission.
C
The peak of the radiated emission shall be determined by a peak power measurement, that indicates the maximum of the
emission, f .
C
The peak power of the emission shall be measured by:
• Set the spectrum analyser detector to positive peak.
• Centre the span on the peak of the emission and set the span to a value large enough to display the full
emissions spectrum.
• Set the RBW to no less than 1 MHz and the VBW to no less than the RBW.
• A VBW of three times the RBW is preferred to eliminate video averaging.
The DUT shall be tested by directly coupling the normal operational transmitted signal, via a free-line-of-sight towards
the measuring test antenna in a manner to ensure the test antenna receives a sufficient signal.
For the lower frequency bound f , the emission shall be searched from a frequency lower than the peak that has, by
L
inspection, a much lower PSD than the peak PSD -10 dB and increasing in frequency towards the peak until the PSD
indicates a level of 10 dB less than at the peak of the radiated emission.
The process shall be repeated for the upper frequency bound f , beginning at a frequency higher than the peak that has,
H
by inspection, a much lower PSD than the peak PSD -10 dB.
, f , the operating bandwidth and f shall be reported in the test report.
The results for fL H C
6.2.3 Mean power spectral density measurements
The mean power spectral density (according to ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2]) of the GPR/WPR device is considered under
clause 6.2.5 (undesired emissions).
6.2.4 Peak power measurements
The peak power (according to [i.2]) of the GPR/WPR device is considered under clause 6.2.5 (undesired emissions).
6.2.5 All undesired emissions measurement
The DUT shall be tested with the setup described in clause 6.1.1 or 6.1.2 depending on DUT dimensions.
The dimensions of the DUT and the setup used shall be recorded in the test report.
ETSI
...
Final draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-04)
HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Short Range Devices (SRD);
Ground- and Wall- Probing Radio
determination (GPR/WPR) devices;
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum
2 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-04)
Reference
REN/ERM-TGUWB-146
Keywords
harmonised standard, radio, SRD, testing, UWB
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ETSI
3 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms . 8
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Technical requirements specifications . 9
4.1 Environmental conditions . 9
4.2 General . 9
4.3 Transmitter Conformance Requirements . 10
4.3.1 Operating Bandwidth . 10
4.3.1.1 Applicability. 10
4.3.1.2 Definition . 10
4.3.1.3 Limits . 10
4.3.1.4 Conformance . 10
4.3.2 Maximum value of mean power spectral density . 10
4.3.3 Maximum value of peak power . 10
4.3.4 All undesired emissions . 10
4.3.4.1 Applicability. 10
4.3.4.2 Definition . 11
4.3.4.3 Limits . 11
4.3.4.4 Conformance . 11
4.3.5 Other Emissions . 11
4.3.6 Transmitter unwanted emissions . 11
4.4 Receiver Conformance Requirements . 11
4.4.1 General . 11
4.4.2 Receiver spurious emissions . 11
4.4.3 Receiver dynamic range (sensitivity) for GPR/WPR . 11
4.4.3.1 Applicability. 11
4.4.3.2 Definition . 12
4.4.3.3 Limits . 12
4.4.3.4 Conformance . 12
4.4.4 Receiver blocking for GPR/WPR . 12
4.4.4.1 Applicability. 12
4.4.4.2 Description . 12
4.4.4.3 Limits . 12
4.4.4.4 Conformance . 12
4.5 Other Requirements and Mitigation techniques . 12
4.5.1 Deactivation mechanism . 12
4.5.1.1 Applicability. 12
4.5.1.2 Description . 13
4.5.1.3 Limits . 13
4.5.1.4 Conformance . 13
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 13
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 13
5.2 General conditions for testing . 13
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4 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-04)
6 Conformance test suites. 13
6.1 Test setup. 13
6.1.1 Setup description for small GPR/WPR . 13
6.1.2 Setup description for large GPR/WPR. 14
6.2 Conformance methods of measurement for transmitter . 16
6.2.1 General . 16
6.2.2 Operating Bandwidth(s) . 16
6.2.3 Mean power spectral density measurements . 16
6.2.4 Peak power measurements . 17
6.2.5 All undesired emissions measurement . 17
6.2.6 Other emissions . 18
6.2.7 Transmitter unwanted emissions . 18
6.3 Conformance methods of measurement for receiver . 18
6.3.1 Receiver spurious emissions . 18
6.3.2 Receiver dynamic range (sensitivity) and blocking . 18
6.3.2.0 General . 18
6.3.2.1 Test scenario . 18
6.3.2.2 Interferer test frequencies and interferer power levels . 19
6.3.2.3 Measurement of the maximum signal M for the receiver . 20
6.3.2.4 Measurement of the noise level N with the interferer deactivated . 20
6.3.2.5 Measurement of the received signal I with the interferer activated . 20
6.3.2.6 Calculation of D1 . 20
6.3.2.7 Calculation of D2 . 20
6.4 Other test suites . 20
6.4.1 Deactivation mechanism . 20
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 21
Annex B (normative): Deactivation mechanism . 22
Annex C (normative): Calculation of the Mean Power Density. 23
C.0 General . 23
C.1 Measurement of τ, transmit pulse width. 24
C.1.0 Introduction . 24
C.1.1 Time domain . 24
C.1.2 Frequency domain . 25
Annex D (normative): Receiver parameters for GPR/WPR . 26
D.0 General . 26
D.1 Resilience of GPR/WPR receiver against interferences . 26
D.1.0 Introduction . 26
D.1.1 Maximum signal M for the RX in the linear region of operation . 27
D.1.2 Noise level N for the RX in the linear region of operation . 27
D.1.3 Signal I recorded in presence of the interferer. 27
D.2 Performance criteria for GPR/WPR . 28
D.3 Justification for missing RX requirements from ETSI EG 203 336 . 29
Annex E (normative): Characteristics of the sand for the conformance test suites . 30
E.1 General . 30
E.2 Physical characteristics of the sand for the test setup . 30
E.3 Verification of the humidy content of the sand . 31
Annex F (informative): Bibliography . 32
Annex G (informative): Change History . 33
History . 34
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5 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This final draft Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM), and is now submitted for the Vote phase of the
ETSI standards EN Approval Procedure.
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.5] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.1].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive and associated
EFTA regulations.
Proposed national transposition dates
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 3 months after ETSI publication
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 6 months after doa
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 18 months after doa
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
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6 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-04)
Introduction
GPR and WPR radars are imaging systems designed to operate while in contact with, or in close proximity to the
ground or the wall, and their emissions are directed into the ground or wall (e.g. measured by a proximity sensor or
imposed by the mechanical design).
The GPR/WPR applications in the present document are not intended for communications purposes, and the intended
signal is not radiated into free space. The emissions into the air resulting from the operation of GPR/WPR imaging
systems are defined as those emissions radiated in all directions above the ground from the GPR/WPR equipment,
including direct emissions from the housing/structure of the equipment and emissions reflected or passing through the
media under inspection (referred in ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2] and in the present document as "undesired emissions"); they
are therefore dependent on the operational conditions and are meaningful only if the GPR/WPR are coupled with the
material being investigated. Figure 1 shows the scenario to be considered for the emissions radiated into the air by
GPR/WPR.
Figure 1: Hatched area around the GPR/WPR shows the emissions
to be considered in this clause
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7 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-04)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the requirements for Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar imaging systems applications.
Ground Probing Radars (GPR) and Wall Probing Radars (WPR) are used in survey and detection applications.These do
not include radars operated from aircraft or spacecraft.
The present document applies to:
1) Ground Probing Radars (GPR) operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly
downwards into the ground.
2) Wall Probing Radars (WPR) operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly into a
"wall". The "wall" is a building material structure, the side of a bridge, the wall of a mine or another physical
structure that absorbs a significant part of the signal transmitted by the radar.
These equipment can either:
1) be fitted with integral antennas and without antenna connector; or
2) use different imaging heads (antennas) with an antenna connector, to allow operation at different operating
bandwidths frequencies.
NOTE 1: Equipment covered by the present document operates in accordance with ECC/DEC(06)08 [i.2].
These radio equipment types are capable of operating in all or part of the frequency bands given in table 1.
Table 1: Permitted ranges of operation
Permitted range of operation
Transmit 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz
Receive 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz
NOTE 1: Limits in table 2, clause 4.3.4 are to be met.
NOTE 2: The frequency usage conditions for GPR/WPR are not fully harmonised in the
EU and CEPT. Some National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) may not have a
general frequency allocation for GPR/WPT and may have established individual
licensing requirements (e.g. registration of the user). Annex 2 of
ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2] gives some guidance to administrations.
NOTE 2: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.1] is given in annex A.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are specific, identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number. Only the cited
version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 303 883 (V1.1.1) (09-2016): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band
(UWB); Measurement Techniques".
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8 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-04)
[2] ETSI TS 103 361 (V1.1.1) (03-2016): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band
technology (UWB); Receiver technical requirements, parameters and measurement procedures to
fulfil the requirements of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
[3] CENELEC EN 55016-1-1 (March 2010 + A1 October 2010 + A2 September 2014): "Specification
for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1-1: Radio disturbance
and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.2] ECC/DEC/(06)08: "ECC Decision of 1 December 2006 on the conditions for use of the radio
spectrum by Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar (GPR/WPR) imaging systems".
[i.3] ETSI TS 103 051 (V1.1.1) (08-2011): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Expanded measurement uncertainty for the measurement of radiated electromagnetic
fields".
[i.4] Void.
[i.5] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.6] ETSI EG 203 336 (V1.1.1) (08-2015): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Guide for the selection of technical parameters for the production of Harmonised
Standards covering article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.7] Recommendation ITU-R SM.1755: "Characteristics of ultra-wideband technology".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI EN 303 883 [1] and the following apply:
footsize: outside dimension of the DUT in the horizontal plane
large GPR/WPR: GPR/WPR with the largest dimension in the horizontal plane 1 metre or more
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI), averaged over a sufficiently long
time to cover all PRI variations
Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI): time between the rising edges of the transmitted (pulsed) output power
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated electromagnetic field
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9 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-04)
small GPR/WPR: GPR/WPR with all dimensions in the horizontal plane below 1 metre
time window: length of time that the GPR/WPR receiver is activated to collect reflections from a single transmitted
signal
undesired emissions: emissions radiated in all directions above the ground from the GPR/WPR equipment, including
direct emissions from the housing/structure of the equipment and emissions reflected or passing through the media
under inspection (see ETSI EG 203 336 [i.6])
user manual: end user documentation to be included with the device
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in ETSI EN 303 883 [1] and the following apply:
dB DeciBel
dBi Gain in decibels relative to an isotropic antenna
D1 Difference between M and N
D2 Difference between M and I
E Electrical field strength
f Frequency at which the emission is the peak power at maximum
c
Ι Signal recorded by the receiver in presence of the interferer
λ Wavelength
M Maximum signal for the receiver in the linear region of operation
N Receiver noise level
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI EN 303 883 [1] and the following apply:
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
DT DwellTime
DUT Device Under Test
e.r.p. effective radiated power
GPR Ground Probing Radar, Ground Penetrating Radar
RNSS Radio Navigation Satellite Service
RX Receiver
SA Spectrum Analyser
ST ScanTime
TX Transmitter
WPR Wall Probing Radar
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Environmental conditions
The technical requirements of the present document apply under the environmental profile for operation of the
equipment, which shall be declared by the manufacturer. The equipment shall comply with all the technical
requirements of the present document which are identified as applicable in annex A at all times when operating within
the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile.
4.2 General
UWB devices in the scope of the present document can operate in a broad permitted range of frequencies from 30 MHz
to 12,4 GHz, as defined in table 1.
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10 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-04)
In order to clearly identify the required limits and thus measurement procedures it is essential to define the operating
bandwidth of the UWB equipment under test, The operating bandwidth of the UWB equipment under test shall be
the -10 dB bandwidth of the intended UWB signal under normal operational conditions as defined in clause 4.3.1.
A single UWB device can have more than one operating bandwidth. All UWB related emissions shall be measured in
the identified operating bandwidth of the UWB device under test. The required mitigation techniques are only valid in
the operating bandwidth.
The RX conformance test considers the dynamic range and the resilience of the receiver against interference signals in
the operating bandwidth and on some clearly identified frequencies inside and outside the operating bandwidth(s), see
clause 4.4.4.
Test site and general arrangements for compliance measurements are defined in clauses 6.1.1 and 6.1.2.
4.3 Transmitter Conformance Requirements
4.3.1 Operating Bandwidth
4.3.1.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all kind of GPR/WPR.
4.3.1.2 Definition
The operating bandwidth(s) of GPR/WPR is/are the -10 dB bandwidth(s) of the undesired emissions radiated into the air
by the equipment.
NOTE: This definition is in accordance with the -10 dB bandwidth as defined in Annex 1 of Recommendation
ITU-R SM.1755 [i.7].
4.3.1.3 Limits
Any operating bandwidth of all the DUT shall lie within the permitted frequency range of operation of the device (see
table 1) and shall be > 50 MHz.
4.3.1.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for operating bandwidth shall be as defined in clause 6.2.2.
4.3.2 Maximum value of mean power spectral density
There is no regulatory limit for the UWB maximum mean power spectral density in the main lobe of the GPR/WPR
antenna (towards ground or wall) due to the nature of the GPR/WPR applications (see scope of the present document).
The relevant mean power spectral density emissions (according to ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2]) of the GPR/WPR device is
considered in clause 4.3.4 (undesired emission limit) and annex C (calculation of the mean power density).
4.3.3 Maximum value of peak power
There is no regulatory limit for the UWB maximum peak power in the main lobe of the GPR/WPR antenna (towards
ground or wall) due to the nature of the GPR/WPR applications (see scope of the present document). The relevant peak
power emissions (according to ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2]) of the GPR/WPR device is tested under clause 4.3.4 (undesired
emissions limit).
4.3.4 All undesired emissions
4.3.4.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all kind of GPR/WPR.
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11 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-04)
4.3.4.2 Definition
Term "undesired emissions" see clause 3.1.
See also clause 4.3.5 for the other emissions.
4.3.4.3 Limits
The effective radiated power of any emission from GPR/WPR shall not exceed the values given in table 2.
Table 2: Power limits of radiated emissions [i.2]
Frequency range Peak power limit values for emission
(MHz)
30 to 230 -44,5 dBm/120 kHz (e.r.p.)
> 230 to 1 000 -37,5 dBm/120 kHz (e.r.p.)
> 1 000 to 18 000 -30 dBm/MHz (e.i.r.p.)
The maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density which is based on the peak values measured according to clause 6.2.5,
shall be calculated as set out in annex C and shall not exceed the values in table C.1.
4.3.4.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite shall be as defined in clause 6.2.6.
4.3.5 Other Emissions
This requirement does not apply for GPR/WPR. The total undesired emissions from a GPR/WPR already include direct
non UWB based (TX/RX) emissions from the housing/structure/electronics; therefore this clause does not apply
because covered by the measurement of all undesired emissions in clause 4.3.4 (see ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2]).
4.3.6 Transmitter unwanted emissions
Transmitter unwanted emissions are specified as Out-Of-Band (OOB) and spurious emissions. For GPR/WPR these
emissions are covered by the spectrum mask as defined in clause 4.3.4 and annex C and is tested under clause 4.3.4
(undesired emissions limit).
4.4 Receiver Conformance Requirements
4.4.1 General
For a detailed description for GPR/WPR receiver requirements, see annex D.
4.4.2 Receiver spurious emissions
Receiver spurious emissions are measured as part of the emissions resulting from the operation of GPR/WPR imaging
systems, see clause 4.3.4.
4.4.3 Receiver dynamic range (sensitivity) for GPR/WPR
4.4.3.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all kind of GPR/WPR.
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12 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-04)
4.4.3.2 Definition
Receiver dynamic range is defined in ETSI EG 203 336 [i.6]) as the range of input signal levels over which a receiver
functions at a specified performance level .
For GPR/WPR this performance criterion is set upon the difference D1 between the maximum signal M for the RX in
the linear region of operation and the noise level N.
D1[dB] = M [dB] – N [dB] (1)
NOTE: More details on this RX-requirement are given in clause D.1.
4.4.3.3 Limits
D1 ≥ 40 dB (2)
4.4.3.4 Conformance
The conformance tests for Receiver dynamic range shall be as defined in clause 6.3.2.
4.4.4 Receiver blocking for GPR/WPR
4.4.4.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all kind of GPR/WPR.
4.4.4.2 Description
For GPR/WPR, receiver blocking is defined as the measure of the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted signal
without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of an unwanted input signal at any frequency within the
operating bandwidth; it evaluates the capability of the GPR/WPR to operate as intended in coexistence with interferers.
This parameter is also defined as "Interferer signal handling" in ETSI TS 103 361 [2].
Operation as intended is evaluated using a performance criterion. For GPR/WPR this performance criterion is set upon
the difference D2 between the maximum signal M for the RX in the linear region of operation and output signal I in
presence of the interferer.
D2[dB] = M [dB] – I [dB] (3)
NOTE: More details on this RX-requirement are given in clause D.1.
4.4.4.3 Limits
D2 ≥ 20 dB (4)
4.4.4.4 Conformance
The conformance tests for GPR/WPR receiver blocking shall be as defined in clause 6.3.2.
4.5 Other Requirements and Mitigation techniques
4.5.1 Deactivation mechanism
4.5.1.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all kind of GPR/WPR.
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13 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-04)
4.5.1.2 Description
GPR/WPR applications are not intended for communications purposes. Their intended usage excludes radiation into the
free space and this should be avoided due to a proper mechanism that deactivates the equipment when normal use is
interrupted.
4.5.1.3 Limits
The deactivation mechanism requirements are defined in annex B.
4.5.1.4 Conformance
The conformance tests for the deactivation mechanism shall be as defined in clause 6.4.
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing
Tests defined in the present document shall be carried out at representative points within the boundary limits of the
declared operational environmental profile.
Where technical performance varies subject to environmental conditions, tests shall be carried out under a sufficient
variety of environmental conditions (within the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile) to
give confidence of compliance for the affected technical requirements.
5.2 General conditions for testing
Clause 5.4 of ETSI EN 303 883 [1] provides information on test conditions, power supply and ambient temperature.
ETSI TS 103 051 [i.3] provides additional information on measurement uncertainty.
6 Conformance test suites
6.1 Test setup
6.1.1 Setup description for small GPR/WPR
An semi-anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane is the test site to be used for radiated testing of small
GPR/WPR.
ETSI
14 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-04)
Figure 2: Calibrated setup for small GPR/WPR
In this case the DUT shall be placed at a height of 80 cm on a non-conducting support with the emitter directed
downwards. A layer of ferrite tile should be placed directly on the floor and above the turntable.
A stack of broadband, flat RF absorbers up to 80 cm in height shall be placed directly below the DUT.
The stack of absorbers shall guarantee an absorption greater than 20 dB for normal incident energy above 500 MHz; the
layer of ferrite tile shall guarantee an absorption greater than 20 dB for normal incident energy below 500 MHz.
If flat RF absorbers are not available, pyramidal or wedge-shaped RF absorbers may be used; in this case, some sections
of absorber may be inverted and placed over other absorbers to form a solid block.
Care shall be taken not to place any RF absorber between the end of the turntable and the measurement antenna, as this
would prevent energy not directed downwards from reflecting from the ground plane. The placement of the absorber
shall not be disturbed when the device is rotated. This arrangement prevents energy directed downwards from
consideration in the measurement.
The measurement antenna is placed three metres away from the boresight (vertical centre axis) of the DUT; it should be
mounted on a support capable of allowing the antenna to be used in either horizontal or vertical polarization. Moreover
the support should additionally allow the height of antenna centre above the ground to be varied from 1 metre to 4
metres.
For both the horizontal and vertical polarization of the test antenna, measurements in azimuth and elevation shall be
taken for each frequency of interest to ensure that the maximum emission value has been recorded.
6.1.2 Setup description for large GPR/WPR
An open area test site is to be used for radiated testing of large GPR/WPR.
Large GPR/WPR shall be tested in an open area Test site over a dry sand pit. Characteristics of the sand to be used for
filling up the pit are listed in annex E.
Emission of GPR/WPR is to be directed towards the sand pit. The sand pit shall be 50 cm deep and minimum 50 cm
larger than the DUT (see Figure 3). The DUT shall be placed in the middle of the sand pit. A thin plastic sheet or other
suitable barrier all around the pit will preserve sand condition.
ETSI
15 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-04)
The open area test site comprises the sand pit and an antenna mast of variable height above a ground plane, which in the
ideal case, is perfectly conducting and of infinite extent. In practice, whilst good conductivity can be achieved, the
ground plane size has to be limited.
The ground plane shall extend up to the edges of the sand pit (see Figure 3).
Figure 3: Calibrated setup for large GPR/WPR and measurements below 960 MHz
During the measurement, the DUT shall be placed on the testbed of sand with its antenna pointing directly into the sand
and the test antenna is placed three metres away from the boresight (vertical centre axis) of the DUT.
For measurement below 960 MHz, the test antenna is placed three metres away from the boresight (vertical centre axis)
of the DUT; it should be mounted on a support capable of allowing the antenna to be used in either horizontal or
vertical polarization. Moreover the support should additionally allow the height of antenna centre above the ground to
be varied from 1 metre to 4 metres to ensure that the maximum emission is recorded. Measurement shall be repeated for
both the test antenna polarizations, by rotating the DUT from 0° to 360° with 45° step increment.
Figure 4: Calibrated setup for large GPR/WPR and measurements above 960 MHz
ETSI
16 Final draft ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-04)
For measurement above 960 MHz, the test antenna is placed three metres away from the boresight (vertical centre axis)
of the DUT; it should be mounted on a support capable of allowing the antenna to be used in either horizontal or
vertical polarization. The test antenna is pointed in the direction of the DUT to ensure that the maximum emission is
recorded. Measurement shall be repeated by rotating the DUT from 0° to 360° degrees with 45° step increment.
6.2 Conformance methods of measurement for transmitter
6.2.1 General
The DUT shall be measured for:
• the operating bandwidth(s);
• the undesired emissions.
6.2.2 Operating Bandwidth(s)
The DUT shall be tested with the setup described in clause 6.1.1 or 6.1.2 depending on DUT dimensions.
Measurement shall be repeated for both test antenna polarizations, and by rotating the DUT from 0° to 360° degrees
with 45° step increment.Test antenna's height shall be varied from 1 metre to 4 metres to ensure that the maximum peak
of the emission is recorded.
The dimensions of the DUT and the setup used shall be recorded in the test report.
In both measurements for the lower and upper frequency bound f and f , there shall be no point in the emission below
L H
f and above f where the level increases above the level recorded at f and f . This ensures that peaks and valleys
L H L H
occurring near f are not used prematurely as the upper and lower bounds of the emission.
C
The peak of the radiated emiss
...
HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Short Range Devices (SRD);
Ground- and Wall- Probing Radio
determination (GPR/WPR) devices;
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum
2 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
Reference
REN/ERM-TGUWB-146
Keywords
harmonised standard, radio, SRD, testing, UWB
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms . 8
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Technical requirements specifications . 9
4.1 Environmental conditions . 9
4.2 General . 9
4.3 Transmitter Conformance Requirements . 10
4.3.1 Operating Bandwidth . 10
4.3.1.1 Applicability. 10
4.3.1.2 Definition . 10
4.3.1.3 Limits . 10
4.3.1.4 Conformance . 10
4.3.2 Maximum value of mean power spectral density . 10
4.3.3 Maximum value of peak power . 10
4.3.4 All undesired emissions . 10
4.3.4.1 Applicability. 10
4.3.4.2 Definition . 11
4.3.4.3 Limits . 11
4.3.4.4 Conformance . 11
4.3.5 Other Emissions . 11
4.3.6 Transmitter unwanted emissions . 11
4.4 Receiver Conformance Requirements . 11
4.4.1 General . 11
4.4.2 Receiver spurious emissions . 11
4.4.3 Receiver dynamic range (sensitivity) for GPR/WPR . 11
4.4.3.1 Applicability. 11
4.4.3.2 Definition . 12
4.4.3.3 Limits . 12
4.4.3.4 Conformance . 12
4.4.4 Receiver blocking for GPR/WPR . 12
4.4.4.1 Applicability. 12
4.4.4.2 Description . 12
4.4.4.3 Limits . 12
4.4.4.4 Conformance . 12
4.5 Other Requirements and Mitigation techniques . 12
4.5.1 Deactivation mechanism . 12
4.5.1.1 Applicability. 12
4.5.1.2 Description . 13
4.5.1.3 Limits . 13
4.5.1.4 Conformance . 13
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 13
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 13
5.2 General conditions for testing . 13
6 Conformance test suites. 13
6.1 Test setup. 13
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4 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
6.1.1 Setup description for small GPR/WPR . 13
6.1.2 Setup description for large GPR/WPR. 14
6.2 Conformance methods of measurement for transmitter . 16
6.2.1 General . 16
6.2.2 Operating Bandwidth(s) . 16
6.2.3 Mean power spectral density measurements . 16
6.2.4 Peak power measurements . 17
6.2.5 All undesired emissions measurement . 17
6.2.6 Other emissions . 18
6.2.7 Transmitter unwanted emissions . 18
6.3 Conformance methods of measurement for receiver . 18
6.3.1 Receiver spurious emissions . 18
6.3.2 Receiver dynamic range (sensitivity) and blocking . 18
6.3.2.0 General . 18
6.3.2.1 Test scenario . 18
6.3.2.2 Interferer test frequencies and interferer power levels . 19
6.3.2.3 Measurement of the maximum signal M for the receiver . 20
6.3.2.4 Measurement of the noise level N with the interferer deactivated . 20
6.3.2.5 Measurement of the received signal I with the interferer activated . 20
6.3.2.6 Calculation of D1 . 20
6.3.2.7 Calculation of D2 . 20
6.4 Other test suites . 20
6.4.1 Deactivation mechanism . 20
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 21
Annex B (normative): Deactivation mechanism . 22
Annex C (normative): Calculation of the Mean Power Density. 23
C.0 General . 23
C.1 Measurement of τ, transmit pulse width. 24
C.1.0 Introduction . 24
C.1.1 Time domain . 24
C.1.2 Frequency domain . 25
Annex D (normative): Receiver parameters for GPR/WPR . 26
D.0 General . 26
D.1 Resilience of GPR/WPR receiver against interferences . 26
D.1.0 Introduction . 26
D.1.1 Maximum signal M for the RX in the linear region of operation . 27
D.1.2 Noise level N for the RX in the linear region of operation . 27
D.1.3 Signal I recorded in presence of the interferer. 27
D.2 Performance criteria for GPR/WPR . 28
D.3 Justification for missing RX requirements from ETSI EG 203 336 . 29
Annex E (normative): Characteristics of the sand for the conformance test suites . 30
E.1 General . 30
E.2 Physical characteristics of the sand for the test setup . 30
E.3 Verification of the humidy content of the sand . 30
Annex F (informative): Bibliography . 31
Annex G (informative): Change History . 32
History . 33
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5 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic
compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.5] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.1].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive and associated
EFTA regulations.
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 9 June 2020
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 September 2020
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 March 2021
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 March 2022
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
Introduction
GPR and WPR radars are imaging systems designed to operate while in contact with, or in close proximity to the
ground or the wall, and their emissions are directed into the ground or wall (e.g. measured by a proximity sensor or
imposed by the mechanical design).
The GPR/WPR applications in the present document are not intended for communications purposes, and the intended
signal is not radiated into free space. The emissions into the air resulting from the operation of GPR/WPR imaging
systems are defined as those emissions radiated in all directions above the ground from the GPR/WPR equipment,
including direct emissions from the housing/structure of the equipment and emissions reflected or passing through the
media under inspection (referred in ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2] and in the present document as "undesired emissions"); they
are therefore dependent on the operational conditions and are meaningful only if the GPR/WPR are coupled with the
material being investigated. Figure 1 shows the scenario to be considered for the emissions radiated into the air by
GPR/WPR.
Figure 1: Hatched area around the GPR/WPR shows the emissions
to be considered in this clause
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7 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the requirements for Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar imaging systems applications.
Ground Probing Radars (GPR) and Wall Probing Radars (WPR) are used in survey and detection applications.These do
not include radars operated from aircraft or spacecraft.
The present document applies to:
1) Ground Probing Radars (GPR) operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly
downwards into the ground.
2) Wall Probing Radars (WPR) operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly into a
"wall". The "wall" is a building material structure, the side of a bridge, the wall of a mine or another physical
structure that absorbs a significant part of the signal transmitted by the radar.
These equipment can either:
1) be fitted with integral antennas and without antenna connector; or
2) use different imaging heads (antennas) with an antenna connector, to allow operation at different operating
bandwidths frequencies.
NOTE 1: Equipment covered by the present document operates in accordance with ECC/DEC(06)08 [i.2].
These radio equipment types are capable of operating in all or part of the frequency bands given in table 1.
Table 1: Permitted ranges of operation
Permitted range of operation
Transmit 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz
Receive 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz
NOTE 1: Limits in table 2, clause 4.3.4 are to be met.
NOTE 2: The frequency usage conditions for GPR/WPR are not fully harmonised in the
EU and CEPT. Some National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) may not have a
general frequency allocation for GPR/WPT and may have established individual
licensing requirements (e.g. registration of the user). Annex 2 of
ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2] gives some guidance to administrations.
NOTE 2: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.1] is given in annex A.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are specific, identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number. Only the cited
version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 303 883 (V1.1.1) (09-2016): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band
(UWB); Measurement Techniques".
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8 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
[2] ETSI TS 103 361 (V1.1.1) (03-2016): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band
technology (UWB); Receiver technical requirements, parameters and measurement procedures to
fulfil the requirements of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
[3] CENELEC EN 55016-1-1 (March 2010 + A1 October 2010 + A2 September 2014): "Specification
for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1-1: Radio disturbance
and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.2] ECC/DEC/(06)08: "ECC Decision of 1 December 2006 on the conditions for use of the radio
spectrum by Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar (GPR/WPR) imaging systems".
[i.3] ETSI TS 103 051 (V1.1.1) (08-2011): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Expanded measurement uncertainty for the measurement of radiated electromagnetic
fields".
[i.4] Void.
[i.5] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.6] ETSI EG 203 336 (V1.1.1) (08-2015): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Guide for the selection of technical parameters for the production of Harmonised
Standards covering article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.7] Recommendation ITU-R SM.1755: "Characteristics of ultra-wideband technology".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI EN 303 883 [1] and the following apply:
footsize: outside dimension of the DUT in the horizontal plane
large GPR/WPR: GPR/WPR with the largest dimension in the horizontal plane 1 metre or more
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI), averaged over a sufficiently long
time to cover all PRI variations
Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI): time between the rising edges of the transmitted (pulsed) output power
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated electromagnetic field
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9 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
small GPR/WPR: GPR/WPR with all dimensions in the horizontal plane below 1 metre
time window: length of time that the GPR/WPR receiver is activated to collect reflections from a single transmitted
signal
undesired emissions: emissions radiated in all directions above the ground from the GPR/WPR equipment, including
direct emissions from the housing/structure of the equipment and emissions reflected or passing through the media
under inspection (see ETSI EG 203 336 [i.6])
user manual: end user documentation to be included with the device
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in ETSI EN 303 883 [1] and the following apply:
dB DeciBel
dBi Gain in decibels relative to an isotropic antenna
D1 Difference between M and N
D2 Difference between M and I
E Electrical field strength
f Frequency at which the emission is the peak power at maximum
C
Ι Signal recorded by the receiver in presence of the interferer
λ Wavelength
M Maximum signal for the receiver in the linear region of operation
N Receiver noise level
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI EN 303 883 [1] and the following apply:
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications administrations
DT DwellTime
DUT Device Under Test
GPR Ground Probing Radar, Ground Penetrating Radar
RNSS Radio Navigation Satellite Service
RX Receiver
SA Spectrum Analyser
ST ScanTime
TX Transmitter
WPR Wall Probing Radar
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Environmental conditions
The technical requirements of the present document apply under the environmental profile for operation of the
equipment, which shall be declared by the manufacturer. The equipment shall comply with all the technical
requirements of the present document which are identified as applicable in annex A at all times when operating within
the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile.
4.2 General
UWB devices in the scope of the present document can operate in a broad permitted range of frequencies from 30 MHz
to 12,4 GHz, as defined in table 1.
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10 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
In order to clearly identify the required limits and thus measurement procedures it is essential to define the operating
bandwidth of the UWB equipment under test, The operating bandwidth of the UWB equipment under test shall be
the -10 dB bandwidth of the intended UWB signal under normal operational conditions as defined in clause 4.3.1.
A single UWB device can have more than one operating bandwidth. All UWB related emissions shall be measured in
the identified operating bandwidth of the UWB device under test. The required mitigation techniques are only valid in
the operating bandwidth.
The RX conformance test considers the dynamic range and the resilience of the receiver against interference signals in
the operating bandwidth and on some clearly identified frequencies inside and outside the operating bandwidth(s), see
clause 4.4.4.
Test site and general arrangements for compliance measurements are defined in clauses 6.1.1 and 6.1.2.
4.3 Transmitter Conformance Requirements
4.3.1 Operating Bandwidth
4.3.1.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all kind of GPR/WPR.
4.3.1.2 Definition
The operating bandwidth(s) of GPR/WPR is/are the -10 dB bandwidth(s) of the undesired emissions radiated into the air
by the equipment.
NOTE: This definition is in accordance with the -10 dB bandwidth as defined in Annex 1 of Recommendation
ITU-R SM.1755 [i.7].
4.3.1.3 Limits
Any operating bandwidth of all the DUT shall lie within the permitted frequency range of operation of the device (see
table 1) and shall be > 50 MHz.
4.3.1.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for operating bandwidth shall be as defined in clause 6.2.2.
4.3.2 Maximum value of mean power spectral density
There is no regulatory limit for the UWB maximum mean power spectral density in the main lobe of the GPR/WPR
antenna (towards ground or wall) due to the nature of the GPR/WPR applications (see scope of the present document).
The relevant mean power spectral density emissions (according to ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2]) of the GPR/WPR device is
considered in clause 4.3.4 (undesired emission limit) and annex C (calculation of the mean power density).
4.3.3 Maximum value of peak power
There is no regulatory limit for the UWB maximum peak power in the main lobe of the GPR/WPR antenna (towards
ground or wall) due to the nature of the GPR/WPR applications (see scope of the present document). The relevant peak
power emissions (according to ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2]) of the GPR/WPR device is tested under clause 4.3.4 (undesired
emissions limit).
4.3.4 All undesired emissions
4.3.4.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all kind of GPR/WPR.
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11 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
4.3.4.2 Definition
Term "undesired emissions" see clause 3.1.
See also clause 4.3.5 for the other emissions.
4.3.4.3 Limits
The effective radiated power of any emission from GPR/WPR shall not exceed the values given in table 2.
Table 2: Power limits of radiated emissions
(based on ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2], Annex 1)
Frequency range
Peak power limit values for emission
(MHz)
30 to 230 -44,5 dBm/120 kHz (e.r.p.)
> 230 to 1 000 -37,5 dBm/120 kHz (e.r.p.)
> 1 000 to 18 000 -30 dBm/MHz (e.i.r.p.)
The maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density which is based on the peak values measured according to clause 6.2.5,
shall be calculated as set out in annex C and shall not exceed the values in table C.1.
4.3.4.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite shall be as defined in clause 6.2.6.
4.3.5 Other Emissions
This requirement does not apply for GPR/WPR. The total undesired emissions from a GPR/WPR already include direct
non UWB based (TX/RX) emissions from the housing/structure/electronics; therefore this clause does not apply
because covered by the measurement of all undesired emissions in clause 4.3.4 (see ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2]).
4.3.6 Transmitter unwanted emissions
Transmitter unwanted emissions are specified as Out-Of-Band (OOB) and spurious emissions. For GPR/WPR these
emissions are covered by the spectrum mask as defined in clause 4.3.4 and annex C and is tested under clause 4.3.4
(undesired emissions limit).
4.4 Receiver Conformance Requirements
4.4.1 General
For a detailed description for GPR/WPR receiver requirements, see annex D.
4.4.2 Receiver spurious emissions
Receiver spurious emissions are measured as part of the emissions resulting from the operation of GPR/WPR imaging
systems, see clause 4.3.4.
4.4.3 Receiver dynamic range (sensitivity) for GPR/WPR
4.4.3.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all kind of GPR/WPR.
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12 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
4.4.3.2 Definition
Receiver dynamic range is defined in ETSI EG 203 336 [i.6] as the range of input signal levels over which a receiver
functions at a specified performance level.
For GPR/WPR this performance criterion is set upon the difference D1 between the maximum signal M for the RX in
the linear region of operation and the noise level N.
D1[dB] = M [dB] – N [dB] (1)
NOTE: More details on this RX-requirement are given in clause D.1.
4.4.3.3 Limits
D1 ≥ 40 dB (2)
4.4.3.4 Conformance
The conformance tests for Receiver dynamic range shall be as defined in clause 6.3.2.
4.4.4 Receiver blocking for GPR/WPR
4.4.4.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all kind of GPR/WPR.
4.4.4.2 Description
For GPR/WPR, receiver blocking is defined as the measure of the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted signal
without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of an unwanted input signal at any frequency within the
operating bandwidth; it evaluates the capability of the GPR/WPR to operate as intended in coexistence with interferers.
This parameter is also defined as "Interferer signal handling" in ETSI TS 103 361 [2].
Operation as intended is evaluated using a performance criterion. For GPR/WPR this performance criterion is set upon
the difference D2 between the maximum signal M for the RX in the linear region of operation and output signal I in
presence of the interferer.
D2[dB] = M [dB] – I [dB] (3)
NOTE: More details on this RX-requirement are given in clause D.1.
4.4.4.3 Limits
D2 ≥ 20 dB (4)
4.4.4.4 Conformance
The conformance tests for GPR/WPR receiver blocking shall be as defined in clause 6.3.2.
4.5 Other Requirements and Mitigation techniques
4.5.1 Deactivation mechanism
4.5.1.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all kind of GPR/WPR.
ETSI
13 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
4.5.1.2 Description
GPR/WPR applications are not intended for communications purposes. Their intended usage excludes radiation into the
free space and this should be avoided due to a proper mechanism that deactivates the equipment when normal use is
interrupted.
4.5.1.3 Limits
The deactivation mechanism requirements are defined in annex B.
4.5.1.4 Conformance
The conformance tests for the deactivation mechanism shall be as defined in clause 6.4.
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing
Tests defined in the present document shall be carried out at representative points within the boundary limits of the
declared operational environmental profile.
Where technical performance varies subject to environmental conditions, tests shall be carried out under a sufficient
variety of environmental conditions (within the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile) to
give confidence of compliance for the affected technical requirements.
5.2 General conditions for testing
Clause 5.4 of ETSI EN 303 883 [1] provides information on test conditions, power supply and ambient temperature.
ETSI TS 103 051 [i.3] provides additional information on measurement uncertainty.
6 Conformance test suites
6.1 Test setup
6.1.1 Setup description for small GPR/WPR
An semi-anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane is the test site to be used for radiated testing of small
GPR/WPR.
ETSI
14 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
Figure 2: Calibrated setup for small GPR/WPR
In this case the DUT shall be placed at a height of 80 cm on a non-conducting support with the emitter directed
downwards. A layer of ferrite tile should be placed directly on the floor and above the turntable.
A stack of broadband, flat RF absorbers up to 80 cm in height shall be placed directly below the DUT.
The stack of absorbers shall guarantee an absorption greater than 20 dB for normal incident energy above 500 MHz; the
layer of ferrite tile shall guarantee an absorption greater than 20 dB for normal incident energy below 500 MHz.
If flat RF absorbers are not available, pyramidal or wedge-shaped RF absorbers may be used; in this case, some sections
of absorber may be inverted and placed over other absorbers to form a solid block.
Care shall be taken not to place any RF absorber between the end of the turntable and the measurement antenna, as this
would prevent energy not directed downwards from reflecting from the ground plane. The placement of the absorber
shall not be disturbed when the device is rotated. This arrangement prevents energy directed downwards from
consideration in the measurement.
The measurement antenna is placed three metres away from the boresight (vertical centre axis) of the DUT; it should be
mounted on a support capable of allowing the antenna to be used in either horizontal or vertical polarization. Moreover
the support should additionally allow the height of antenna centre above the ground to be varied from 1 metre to
4 metres.
For both the horizontal and vertical polarization of the test antenna, measurements in azimuth and elevation shall be
taken for each frequency of interest to ensure that the maximum emission value has been recorded.
6.1.2 Setup description for large GPR/WPR
An open area test site is to be used for radiated testing of large GPR/WPR.
Large GPR/WPR shall be tested in an open area Test site over a dry sand pit. Characteristics of the sand to be used for
filling up the pit are listed in annex E.
Emission of GPR/WPR is to be directed towards the sand pit. The sand pit shall be 50 cm deep and minimum 50 cm
larger than the DUT (see figure 3). The DUT shall be placed in the middle of the sand pit. A thin plastic sheet or other
suitable barrier all around the pit will preserve sand condition.
ETSI
15 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
The open area test site comprises the sand pit and an antenna mast of variable height above a ground plane, which in the
ideal case, is perfectly conducting and of infinite extent. In practice, whilst good conductivity can be achieved, the
ground plane size has to be limited.
The ground plane shall extend up to the edges of the sand pit (see figure 3).
Figure 3: Calibrated setup for large GPR/WPR and measurements below 960 MHz
During the measurement, the DUT shall be placed on the testbed of sand with its antenna pointing directly into the sand
and the test antenna is placed three metres away from the boresight (vertical centre axis) of the DUT.
For measurement below 960 MHz, the test antenna is placed three metres away from the boresight (vertical centre axis)
of the DUT; it should be mounted on a support capable of allowing the antenna to be used in either horizontal or
vertical polarization. Moreover the support should additionally allow the height of antenna centre above the ground to
be varied from 1 metre to 4 metres to ensure that the maximum emission is recorded. Measurement shall be repeated for
both the test antenna polarizations, by rotating the DUT from 0° to 360° with 45° step increment.
Figure 4: Calibrated setup for large GPR/WPR and measurements above 960 MHz
ETSI
16 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
For measurement above 960 MHz, the test antenna is placed three metres away from the boresight (vertical centre axis)
of the DUT; it should be mounted on a support capable of allowing the antenna to be used in either horizontal or
vertical polarization. The test antenna is pointed in the direction of the DUT to ensure that the maximum emission is
recorded. Measurement shall be repeated by rotating the DUT from 0° to 360° degrees with 45° step increment.
6.2 Conformance methods of measurement for transmitter
6.2.1 General
The DUT shall be measured for:
• the operating bandwidth(s);
• the undesired emissions.
6.2.2 Operating Bandwidth(s)
The DUT shall be tested with the setup described in clause 6.1.1 or 6.1.2 depending on DUT dimensions.
Measurement shall be repeated for both test antenna polarizations, and by rotating the DUT from 0° to 360° degrees
with 45° step increment.Test antenna's height shall be varied from 1 metre to 4 metres to ensure that the maximum peak
of the emission is recorded.
The dimensions of the DUT and the setup used shall be recorded in the test report.
In both measurements for the lower and upper frequency bound f and f , there shall be no point in the emission below
L H
f and above f where the level increases above the level recorded at f and f . This ensures that peaks and valleys
L H L H
occurring near f are not used prematurely as the upper and lower bounds of the emission.
C
The peak of the radiated emission shall be determined by a peak power measurement, that indicates the maximum of the
emission, f .
C
The peak power of the emission shall be measured by:
• Set the spectrum analyser detector to positive peak.
• Centre the span on the peak of the emission and se
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2020
Naprave kratkega dosega (SRD) - Naprave za radijsko sondiranje tal in zidov
(GPR/WPR) - Harmonizirani standard za dostop do radijskega spektra
Short Range Devices (SRD) - Ground- and Wall- Probing Radio determination
(GPR/WPR) devices - Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
ICS:
33.060.99 Druga oprema za radijske Other equipment for
komunikacije radiocommunications
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
HARMONISED EUROPEAN STANDARD
Short Range Devices (SRD);
Ground- and Wall- Probing Radio
determination (GPR/WPR) devices;
Harmonised Standard for access to radio spectrum
2 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
Reference
REN/ERM-TGUWB-146
Keywords
harmonised standard, radio, SRD, testing, UWB
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 References . 7
2.1 Normative references . 7
2.2 Informative references . 8
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms . 8
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Technical requirements specifications . 9
4.1 Environmental conditions . 9
4.2 General . 9
4.3 Transmitter Conformance Requirements . 10
4.3.1 Operating Bandwidth . 10
4.3.1.1 Applicability. 10
4.3.1.2 Definition . 10
4.3.1.3 Limits . 10
4.3.1.4 Conformance . 10
4.3.2 Maximum value of mean power spectral density . 10
4.3.3 Maximum value of peak power . 10
4.3.4 All undesired emissions . 10
4.3.4.1 Applicability. 10
4.3.4.2 Definition . 11
4.3.4.3 Limits . 11
4.3.4.4 Conformance . 11
4.3.5 Other Emissions . 11
4.3.6 Transmitter unwanted emissions . 11
4.4 Receiver Conformance Requirements . 11
4.4.1 General . 11
4.4.2 Receiver spurious emissions . 11
4.4.3 Receiver dynamic range (sensitivity) for GPR/WPR . 11
4.4.3.1 Applicability. 11
4.4.3.2 Definition . 12
4.4.3.3 Limits . 12
4.4.3.4 Conformance . 12
4.4.4 Receiver blocking for GPR/WPR . 12
4.4.4.1 Applicability. 12
4.4.4.2 Description . 12
4.4.4.3 Limits . 12
4.4.4.4 Conformance . 12
4.5 Other Requirements and Mitigation techniques . 12
4.5.1 Deactivation mechanism . 12
4.5.1.1 Applicability. 12
4.5.1.2 Description . 13
4.5.1.3 Limits . 13
4.5.1.4 Conformance . 13
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements . 13
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing . 13
5.2 General conditions for testing . 13
6 Conformance test suites. 13
6.1 Test setup. 13
ETSI
4 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
6.1.1 Setup description for small GPR/WPR . 13
6.1.2 Setup description for large GPR/WPR. 14
6.2 Conformance methods of measurement for transmitter . 16
6.2.1 General . 16
6.2.2 Operating Bandwidth(s) . 16
6.2.3 Mean power spectral density measurements . 16
6.2.4 Peak power measurements . 17
6.2.5 All undesired emissions measurement . 17
6.2.6 Other emissions . 18
6.2.7 Transmitter unwanted emissions . 18
6.3 Conformance methods of measurement for receiver . 18
6.3.1 Receiver spurious emissions . 18
6.3.2 Receiver dynamic range (sensitivity) and blocking . 18
6.3.2.0 General . 18
6.3.2.1 Test scenario . 18
6.3.2.2 Interferer test frequencies and interferer power levels . 19
6.3.2.3 Measurement of the maximum signal M for the receiver . 20
6.3.2.4 Measurement of the noise level N with the interferer deactivated . 20
6.3.2.5 Measurement of the received signal I with the interferer activated . 20
6.3.2.6 Calculation of D1 . 20
6.3.2.7 Calculation of D2 . 20
6.4 Other test suites . 20
6.4.1 Deactivation mechanism . 20
Annex A (informative): Relationship between the present document and the essential
requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU . 21
Annex B (normative): Deactivation mechanism . 22
Annex C (normative): Calculation of the Mean Power Density. 23
C.0 General . 23
C.1 Measurement of τ, transmit pulse width. 24
C.1.0 Introduction . 24
C.1.1 Time domain . 24
C.1.2 Frequency domain . 25
Annex D (normative): Receiver parameters for GPR/WPR . 26
D.0 General . 26
D.1 Resilience of GPR/WPR receiver against interferences . 26
D.1.0 Introduction . 26
D.1.1 Maximum signal M for the RX in the linear region of operation . 27
D.1.2 Noise level N for the RX in the linear region of operation . 27
D.1.3 Signal I recorded in presence of the interferer. 27
D.2 Performance criteria for GPR/WPR . 28
D.3 Justification for missing RX requirements from ETSI EG 203 336 . 29
Annex E (normative): Characteristics of the sand for the conformance test suites . 30
E.1 General . 30
E.2 Physical characteristics of the sand for the test setup . 30
E.3 Verification of the humidy content of the sand . 30
Annex F (informative): Bibliography . 31
Annex G (informative): Change History . 32
History . 33
ETSI
5 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Harmonised European Standard (EN) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic
compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
The present document has been prepared under the Commission's standardisation request C(2015) 5376 final [i.5] to
provide one voluntary means of conforming to the essential requirements of Directive 2014/53/EU on the harmonisation
of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of radio equipment and repealing
Directive 1999/5/EC [i.1].
Once the present document is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union under that Directive, compliance with
the normative clauses of the present document given in table A.1 confers, within the limits of the scope of the present
document, a presumption of conformity with the corresponding essential requirements of that Directive and associated
EFTA regulations.
National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 9 June 2020
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 September 2020
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 March 2021
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 March 2022
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
Introduction
GPR and WPR radars are imaging systems designed to operate while in contact with, or in close proximity to the
ground or the wall, and their emissions are directed into the ground or wall (e.g. measured by a proximity sensor or
imposed by the mechanical design).
The GPR/WPR applications in the present document are not intended for communications purposes, and the intended
signal is not radiated into free space. The emissions into the air resulting from the operation of GPR/WPR imaging
systems are defined as those emissions radiated in all directions above the ground from the GPR/WPR equipment,
including direct emissions from the housing/structure of the equipment and emissions reflected or passing through the
media under inspection (referred in ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2] and in the present document as "undesired emissions"); they
are therefore dependent on the operational conditions and are meaningful only if the GPR/WPR are coupled with the
material being investigated. Figure 1 shows the scenario to be considered for the emissions radiated into the air by
GPR/WPR.
Figure 1: Hatched area around the GPR/WPR shows the emissions
to be considered in this clause
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the requirements for Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar imaging systems applications.
Ground Probing Radars (GPR) and Wall Probing Radars (WPR) are used in survey and detection applications.These do
not include radars operated from aircraft or spacecraft.
The present document applies to:
1) Ground Probing Radars (GPR) operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly
downwards into the ground.
2) Wall Probing Radars (WPR) operating in the frequency range 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz radiating directly into a
"wall". The "wall" is a building material structure, the side of a bridge, the wall of a mine or another physical
structure that absorbs a significant part of the signal transmitted by the radar.
These equipment can either:
1) be fitted with integral antennas and without antenna connector; or
2) use different imaging heads (antennas) with an antenna connector, to allow operation at different operating
bandwidths frequencies.
NOTE 1: Equipment covered by the present document operates in accordance with ECC/DEC(06)08 [i.2].
These radio equipment types are capable of operating in all or part of the frequency bands given in table 1.
Table 1: Permitted ranges of operation
Permitted range of operation
Transmit 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz
Receive 30 MHz to 12,4 GHz
NOTE 1: Limits in table 2, clause 4.3.4 are to be met.
NOTE 2: The frequency usage conditions for GPR/WPR are not fully harmonised in the
EU and CEPT. Some National Regulatory Authorities (NRAs) may not have a
general frequency allocation for GPR/WPT and may have established individual
licensing requirements (e.g. registration of the user). Annex 2 of
ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2] gives some guidance to administrations.
NOTE 2: The relationship between the present document and essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive
2014/53/EU [i.1] is given in annex A.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are specific, identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number. Only the cited
version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
https://docbox.etsi.org/Reference/.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] ETSI EN 303 883 (V1.1.1) (09-2016): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band
(UWB); Measurement Techniques".
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
[2] ETSI TS 103 361 (V1.1.1) (03-2016): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band
technology (UWB); Receiver technical requirements, parameters and measurement procedures to
fulfil the requirements of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
[3] CENELEC EN 55016-1-1 (March 2010 + A1 October 2010 + A2 September 2014): "Specification
for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods; Part 1-1: Radio disturbance
and immunity measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus".
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.2] ECC/DEC/(06)08: "ECC Decision of 1 December 2006 on the conditions for use of the radio
spectrum by Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar (GPR/WPR) imaging systems".
[i.3] ETSI TS 103 051 (V1.1.1) (08-2011): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters
(ERM); Expanded measurement uncertainty for the measurement of radiated electromagnetic
fields".
[i.4] Void.
[i.5] Commission Implementing Decision C(2015) 5376 final of 4.8.2015 on a standardisation request
to the European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardisation and to the European
Telecommunications Standards Institute as regards radio equipment in support of Directive
2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council.
[i.6] ETSI EG 203 336 (V1.1.1) (08-2015): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Guide for the selection of technical parameters for the production of Harmonised
Standards covering article 3.1(b) and article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.7] Recommendation ITU-R SM.1755: "Characteristics of ultra-wideband technology".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, the terms given in ETSI EN 303 883 [1] and the following apply:
footsize: outside dimension of the DUT in the horizontal plane
large GPR/WPR: GPR/WPR with the largest dimension in the horizontal plane 1 metre or more
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI), averaged over a sufficiently long
time to cover all PRI variations
Pulse Repetition Interval (PRI): time between the rising edges of the transmitted (pulsed) output power
radiated measurements: measurements which involve the absolute measurement of a radiated electromagnetic field
ETSI
9 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
small GPR/WPR: GPR/WPR with all dimensions in the horizontal plane below 1 metre
time window: length of time that the GPR/WPR receiver is activated to collect reflections from a single transmitted
signal
undesired emissions: emissions radiated in all directions above the ground from the GPR/WPR equipment, including
direct emissions from the housing/structure of the equipment and emissions reflected or passing through the media
under inspection (see ETSI EG 203 336 [i.6])
user manual: end user documentation to be included with the device
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the symbols given in ETSI EN 303 883 [1] and the following apply:
dB DeciBel
dBi Gain in decibels relative to an isotropic antenna
D1 Difference between M and N
D2 Difference between M and I
E Electrical field strength
f Frequency at which the emission is the peak power at maximum
C
Ι Signal recorded by the receiver in presence of the interferer
λ Wavelength
M Maximum signal for the receiver in the linear region of operation
N Receiver noise level
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the abbreviations given in ETSI EN 303 883 [1] and the following apply:
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications administrations
DT DwellTime
DUT Device Under Test
GPR Ground Probing Radar, Ground Penetrating Radar
RNSS Radio Navigation Satellite Service
RX Receiver
SA Spectrum Analyser
ST ScanTime
TX Transmitter
WPR Wall Probing Radar
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Environmental conditions
The technical requirements of the present document apply under the environmental profile for operation of the
equipment, which shall be declared by the manufacturer. The equipment shall comply with all the technical
requirements of the present document which are identified as applicable in annex A at all times when operating within
the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile.
4.2 General
UWB devices in the scope of the present document can operate in a broad permitted range of frequencies from 30 MHz
to 12,4 GHz, as defined in table 1.
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10 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
In order to clearly identify the required limits and thus measurement procedures it is essential to define the operating
bandwidth of the UWB equipment under test, The operating bandwidth of the UWB equipment under test shall be
the -10 dB bandwidth of the intended UWB signal under normal operational conditions as defined in clause 4.3.1.
A single UWB device can have more than one operating bandwidth. All UWB related emissions shall be measured in
the identified operating bandwidth of the UWB device under test. The required mitigation techniques are only valid in
the operating bandwidth.
The RX conformance test considers the dynamic range and the resilience of the receiver against interference signals in
the operating bandwidth and on some clearly identified frequencies inside and outside the operating bandwidth(s), see
clause 4.4.4.
Test site and general arrangements for compliance measurements are defined in clauses 6.1.1 and 6.1.2.
4.3 Transmitter Conformance Requirements
4.3.1 Operating Bandwidth
4.3.1.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all kind of GPR/WPR.
4.3.1.2 Definition
The operating bandwidth(s) of GPR/WPR is/are the -10 dB bandwidth(s) of the undesired emissions radiated into the air
by the equipment.
NOTE: This definition is in accordance with the -10 dB bandwidth as defined in Annex 1 of Recommendation
ITU-R SM.1755 [i.7].
4.3.1.3 Limits
Any operating bandwidth of all the DUT shall lie within the permitted frequency range of operation of the device (see
table 1) and shall be > 50 MHz.
4.3.1.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite for operating bandwidth shall be as defined in clause 6.2.2.
4.3.2 Maximum value of mean power spectral density
There is no regulatory limit for the UWB maximum mean power spectral density in the main lobe of the GPR/WPR
antenna (towards ground or wall) due to the nature of the GPR/WPR applications (see scope of the present document).
The relevant mean power spectral density emissions (according to ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2]) of the GPR/WPR device is
considered in clause 4.3.4 (undesired emission limit) and annex C (calculation of the mean power density).
4.3.3 Maximum value of peak power
There is no regulatory limit for the UWB maximum peak power in the main lobe of the GPR/WPR antenna (towards
ground or wall) due to the nature of the GPR/WPR applications (see scope of the present document). The relevant peak
power emissions (according to ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2]) of the GPR/WPR device is tested under clause 4.3.4 (undesired
emissions limit).
4.3.4 All undesired emissions
4.3.4.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all kind of GPR/WPR.
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11 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
4.3.4.2 Definition
Term "undesired emissions" see clause 3.1.
See also clause 4.3.5 for the other emissions.
4.3.4.3 Limits
The effective radiated power of any emission from GPR/WPR shall not exceed the values given in table 2.
Table 2: Power limits of radiated emissions
(based on ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2], Annex 1)
Frequency range
Peak power limit values for emission
(MHz)
30 to 230 -44,5 dBm/120 kHz (e.r.p.)
> 230 to 1 000 -37,5 dBm/120 kHz (e.r.p.)
> 1 000 to 18 000 -30 dBm/MHz (e.i.r.p.)
The maximum mean e.i.r.p. spectral density which is based on the peak values measured according to clause 6.2.5,
shall be calculated as set out in annex C and shall not exceed the values in table C.1.
4.3.4.4 Conformance
The conformance test suite shall be as defined in clause 6.2.6.
4.3.5 Other Emissions
This requirement does not apply for GPR/WPR. The total undesired emissions from a GPR/WPR already include direct
non UWB based (TX/RX) emissions from the housing/structure/electronics; therefore this clause does not apply
because covered by the measurement of all undesired emissions in clause 4.3.4 (see ECC/DEC/(06)08 [i.2]).
4.3.6 Transmitter unwanted emissions
Transmitter unwanted emissions are specified as Out-Of-Band (OOB) and spurious emissions. For GPR/WPR these
emissions are covered by the spectrum mask as defined in clause 4.3.4 and annex C and is tested under clause 4.3.4
(undesired emissions limit).
4.4 Receiver Conformance Requirements
4.4.1 General
For a detailed description for GPR/WPR receiver requirements, see annex D.
4.4.2 Receiver spurious emissions
Receiver spurious emissions are measured as part of the emissions resulting from the operation of GPR/WPR imaging
systems, see clause 4.3.4.
4.4.3 Receiver dynamic range (sensitivity) for GPR/WPR
4.4.3.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all kind of GPR/WPR.
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12 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
4.4.3.2 Definition
Receiver dynamic range is defined in ETSI EG 203 336 [i.6] as the range of input signal levels over which a receiver
functions at a specified performance level.
For GPR/WPR this performance criterion is set upon the difference D1 between the maximum signal M for the RX in
the linear region of operation and the noise level N.
D1[dB] = M [dB] – N [dB] (1)
NOTE: More details on this RX-requirement are given in clause D.1.
4.4.3.3 Limits
D1 ≥ 40 dB (2)
4.4.3.4 Conformance
The conformance tests for Receiver dynamic range shall be as defined in clause 6.3.2.
4.4.4 Receiver blocking for GPR/WPR
4.4.4.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all kind of GPR/WPR.
4.4.4.2 Description
For GPR/WPR, receiver blocking is defined as the measure of the capability of the receiver to receive a wanted signal
without exceeding a given degradation due to the presence of an unwanted input signal at any frequency within the
operating bandwidth; it evaluates the capability of the GPR/WPR to operate as intended in coexistence with interferers.
This parameter is also defined as "Interferer signal handling" in ETSI TS 103 361 [2].
Operation as intended is evaluated using a performance criterion. For GPR/WPR this performance criterion is set upon
the difference D2 between the maximum signal M for the RX in the linear region of operation and output signal I in
presence of the interferer.
D2[dB] = M [dB] – I [dB] (3)
NOTE: More details on this RX-requirement are given in clause D.1.
4.4.4.3 Limits
D2 ≥ 20 dB (4)
4.4.4.4 Conformance
The conformance tests for GPR/WPR receiver blocking shall be as defined in clause 6.3.2.
4.5 Other Requirements and Mitigation techniques
4.5.1 Deactivation mechanism
4.5.1.1 Applicability
This requirement shall apply to all kind of GPR/WPR.
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13 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
4.5.1.2 Description
GPR/WPR applications are not intended for communications purposes. Their intended usage excludes radiation into the
free space and this should be avoided due to a proper mechanism that deactivates the equipment when normal use is
interrupted.
4.5.1.3 Limits
The deactivation mechanism requirements are defined in annex B.
4.5.1.4 Conformance
The conformance tests for the deactivation mechanism shall be as defined in clause 6.4.
5 Testing for compliance with technical requirements
5.1 Environmental conditions for testing
Tests defined in the present document shall be carried out at representative points within the boundary limits of the
declared operational environmental profile.
Where technical performance varies subject to environmental conditions, tests shall be carried out under a sufficient
variety of environmental conditions (within the boundary limits of the declared operational environmental profile) to
give confidence of compliance for the affected technical requirements.
5.2 General conditions for testing
Clause 5.4 of ETSI EN 303 883 [1] provides information on test conditions, power supply and ambient temperature.
ETSI TS 103 051 [i.3] provides additional information on measurement uncertainty.
6 Conformance test suites
6.1 Test setup
6.1.1 Setup description for small GPR/WPR
An semi-anechoic chamber with a conductive ground plane is the test site to be used for radiated testing of small
GPR/WPR.
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14 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
Figure 2: Calibrated setup for small GPR/WPR
In this case the DUT shall be placed at a height of 80 cm on a non-conducting support with the emitter directed
downwards. A layer of ferrite tile should be placed directly on the floor and above the turntable.
A stack of broadband, flat RF absorbers up to 80 cm in height shall be placed directly below the DUT.
The stack of absorbers shall guarantee an absorption greater than 20 dB for normal incident energy above 500 MHz; the
layer of ferrite tile shall guarantee an absorption greater than 20 dB for normal incident energy below 500 MHz.
If flat RF absorbers are not available, pyramidal or wedge-shaped RF absorbers may be used; in this case, some sections
of absorber may be inverted and placed over other absorbers to form a solid block.
Care shall be taken not to place any RF absorber between the end of the turntable and the measurement antenna, as this
would prevent energy not directed downwards from reflecting from the ground plane. The placement of the absorber
shall not be disturbed when the device is rotated. This arrangement prevents energy directed downwards from
consideration in the measurement.
The measurement antenna is placed three metres away from the boresight (vertical centre axis) of the DUT; it should be
mounted on a support capable of allowing the antenna to be used in either horizontal or vertical polarization. Moreover
the support should additionally allow the height of antenna centre above the ground to be varied from 1 metre to
4 metres.
For both the horizontal and vertical polarization of the test antenna, measurements in azimuth and elevation shall be
taken for each frequency of interest to ensure that the maximum emission value has been recorded.
6.1.2 Setup description for large GPR/WPR
An open area test site is to be used for radiated testing of large GPR/WPR.
Large GPR/WPR shall be tested in an open area Test site over a dry sand pit. Characteristics of the sand to be used for
filling up the pit are listed in annex E.
Emission of GPR/WPR is to be directed towards the sand pit. The sand pit shall be 50 cm deep and minimum 50 cm
larger than the DUT (see figure 3). The DUT shall be placed in the middle of the sand pit. A thin plastic sheet or other
suitable barrier all around the pit will preserve sand condition.
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15 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
The open area test site comprises the sand pit and an antenna mast of variable height above a ground plane, which in the
ideal case, is perfectly conducting and of infinite extent. In practice, whilst good conductivity can be achieved, the
ground plane size has to be limited.
The ground plane shall extend up to the edges of the sand pit (see figure 3).
Figure 3: Calibrated setup for large GPR/WPR and measurements below 960 MHz
During the measurement, the DUT shall be placed on the testbed of sand with its antenna pointing directly into the sand
and the test antenna is placed three metres away from the boresight (vertical centre axis) of the DUT.
For measurement below 960 MHz, the test antenna is placed three metres away from the boresight (vertical centre axis)
of the DUT; it should be mounted on a support capable of allowing the antenna to be used in either horizontal or
vertical polarization. Moreover the support should additionally allow the height of antenna centre above the ground to
be varied from 1 metre to 4 metres to ensure that the maximum emission is recorded. Measurement shall be repeated for
both the test antenna polarizations, by rotating the DUT from 0° to 360° with 45° step increment.
Figure 4: Calibrated setup for large GPR/WPR and measurements above 960 MHz
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16 ETSI EN 302 066 V2.2.1 (2020-06)
For measurement above 960 MHz, the test antenna is placed three metres away from the boresight (vertical centre axis)
of the DUT; it should be mounted on a support capable of allowing the antenna to be used in either horizontal or
vertical polarization. The test antenna is pointed in the direction of the DUT to ensure that the maximum emission is
recorded. Measurement shall be repeated by rotating the DUT from 0° to 360° degrees with 45°
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