ETSI TBR 043 ed.1 (1998-05)
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) transmit-only, transmit-and-receive, receive-only satellite earth stations operating in the 4 GHz and 6 GHz frequency bands
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) transmit-only, transmit-and-receive, receive-only satellite earth stations operating in the 4 GHz and 6 GHz frequency bands
DTBR/SES-00021
Satelitske zemeljske postaje in sistemi (SES) - Satelitske zemeljske postaje s terminali z zelo majhno antensko odprtino (VSAT) samo za oddajanje, za oddajanje in sprejemanje ali samo za sprejemanje, ki delujejo v frekvenčnih pasovih 4 GHz in 6 GHz
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
3SIST TBR 043 E1:
01-oktober-
6DWHOLWVNH]HPHOMVNHSRVWDMHLQVLVWHPL 6(6 6DWHOLWVNH]HPHOMVNHSRVWDMHV
WHUPLQDOL]]HORPDMKQRDQWHQVNRRGSUWLQR 96$7 VDPR]DRGGDMDQMH]DRGGDMDQMH
LQVSUHMHPDQMHDOLVDPR]DVSUHMHPDQMHNLGHOXMHMRYIUHNYHQþQLKSDVRYLK*+]LQ
*+]
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT)
transmit-only, transmit-and-receive, receive-only satellite earth stations operating in the 4
GHz and 6 GHz frequency bands
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: TBR 043 E1
ICS:
33.060.30 Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski Radio relay and fixed satellite
komunikacijski sistemi communications systems
3SIST TBR 043 E1: en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL TBR 43
BASIS for May 1998
REGULATION
Source: SES Reference: DTBR/SES-00021
ICS: 33.020
Key words: Satellite, earth station, VSAT, type approval
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT)
transmit-only, transmit-and-receive, receive-only
satellite earth stations operating in the
4 GHz and 6 GHz frequency bands
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
Internet: secretariat@etsi.fr - http://www.etsi.fr - http://www.etsi.org
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1998. All rights reserved.
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TBR 43: May 1998
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.
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TBR 43: May 1998
Contents
Foreword .7
Introduction.7
1 Scope .9
2 Normative references.10
3 Definitions and abbreviations .10
3.1 Definitions .10
3.2 Abbreviations .12
4 Requirements.12
4.1 Off-axis spurious radiation.12
4.1.1 Justification.12
4.1.2 Specification .13
4.1.2.1 Transmit VSAT .13
4.1.2.2 Receive-only VSAT.14
4.1.3 Conformance test.14
4.2 On-axis spurious radiation for transmit VSAT .14
4.2.1 Justification.14
4.2.2 Specification .14
4.2.2.1 Specification 1: Carrier-on state .14
4.2.2.2 Specification 2: Carrier-off state and transmission
disabled state.15
4.2.3 Conformance test.15
4.3 Off-axis EIRP emission density (co-polar and cross-polar) within the band 5,850 GHz
to 6,650 GHz.15
4.3.1 Justification.15
4.3.2 Specification .15
4.3.3 Conformance test.16
4.4 Transmit polarization discrimination (linear) or voltage axial ratio (circular).16
4.4.1 Justification.16
4.4.2 Specification .16
4.4.2.1 Specification 1 .16
4.4.2.2 Specification 2 .16
4.4.3 Conformance test.16
4.5 Carrier suppression .16
4.5.1 Justification.16
4.5.2 Specification .16
4.5.3 Conformance test.17
4.6 ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) .17
4.7 Mechanical (antenna pointing) for transmit VSAT .17
4.7.1 Justification.17
4.7.2 Specification .17
4.7.3 Conformance test.17
4.8 Control and monitoring for transmit VSAT.17
4.8.1 General.17
4.8.1.1 Control and Monitoring Functions (CMF) .18
4.8.1.2 Specification of states.19
4.8.2 Control Channels (CC).19
4.8.2.1 Justification.19
4.8.2.2 Specification .20
4.8.2.3 Conformance test .20
4.8.3 Self monitoring functions.20
4.8.3.1 Processor monitoring.21
4.8.3.1.1 Justification .21
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TBR 43: May 1998
4.8.3.1.2 Specification. 21
4.8.3.1.3 Conformance test. 21
4.8.3.2 Transmit subsystem monitoring. 21
4.8.3.2.1 Justification . 21
4.8.3.2.2 Specification. 21
4.8.3.2.3 Conformance test. 21
4.8.3.3 VSAT transmission validation . 21
4.8.3.3.1 VSAT transmission validation by the
CCMF. 21
4.8.3.3.1.1 Justification . 21
4.8.3.3.1.2 Specification. 22
4.8.3.3.1.3 Conformance test. 22
4.8.3.3.2 VSAT transmission validation by
receiving station(s) . 22
4.8.3.3.2.1 Justification . 22
4.8.3.3.2.2 Specification. 22
4.8.3.3.2.3 Conformance test. 22
4.8.3.3.3 Transmission validation for VSAT
using external CC(s) . 22
4.8.3.3.3.1 Purpose. 22
4.8.3.3.3.2 Specification. 22
4.8.3.3.3.3 Conformance test. 22
4.8.4 Reception of commands from the CCMF. 22
4.8.4.1 Disable message . 23
4.8.4.1.1 Justification . 23
4.8.4.1.2 Specification. 23
4.8.4.1.3 Conformance test. 23
4.8.4.2 Enable message . 23
4.8.4.2.1 Justification . 23
4.8.4.2.2 Specification. 23
4.8.4.2.3 Conformance test. 23
4.8.5 Power-on/Reset . 23
4.8.5.1 Justification . 23
4.8.5.2 Specification. 23
4.8.5.3 Conformance test. 23
5 Test methods. 24
5.1 Off-axis spurious radiation . 24
5.1.1 Test method. 25
5.1.1.1 Up to 1 000 MHz . 25
5.1.1.1.1 Test site. 25
5.1.1.1.2 Measuring receivers. 25
5.1.1.1.3 Procedure. 26
5.1.1.2 Above 1 000 MHz. 26
5.1.1.2.1 Identification of the significant
frequencies of spurious radiation . 26
5.1.1.2.1.1 Test site. 26
5.1.1.2.1.2 Procedure. 26
5.1.1.2.2 Measurement of radiated power levels
of identified spurious radiation . 27
5.1.1.2.2.1 Test site. 27
5.1.1.2.2.2 Procedure. 27
5.1.1.2.3 Measurement of conducted spurious
radiation at the antenna flange. 28
5.1.1.2.3.1 Test site. 28
5.1.1.2.3.2 Procedure. 28
5.2 On-axis spurious radiation for transmit VSAT. 29
5.2.1 Test method. 29
5.2.1.1 Test site . 29
5.2.1.2 Method of measurement. 29
5.2.1.2.1 General. 29
5.2.1.2.2 Method of measurement at the
antenna flange. 29
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TBR 43: May 1998
5.2.1.2.3 Method of measurement with a test
antenna.30
5.3 Off-axis EIRP emission density within the band .31
5.3.1 Test method .31
5.3.1.1 Transmit output power density.31
5.3.1.1.1 Test site .31
5.3.1.1.2 Method of measurement.31
5.3.1.2 Antenna transmit gain.32
5.3.1.2.1 General .32
5.3.1.2.2 Test site .32
5.3.1.2.3 Method of measurement.32
5.3.1.3 Antenna transmit radiation patterns.33
5.3.1.3.1 General .33
5.3.1.3.2 Test site .33
5.3.1.3.3 Method of measurement.33
5.3.1.3.4 Co-polar radiation pattern - azimuth .34
5.3.1.3.5 Co-polar radiation pattern - elevation.34
5.3.1.3.6 Cross-polar radiation pattern - azimuth 35
5.3.1.3.7 Cross-polar radiation pattern -
elevation.35
5.3.2 Computation of results .36
5.4 Transmit polarization discrimination (linear) or voltage axial ratio (circular).36
5.4.1 General.36
5.4.2 Test method .36
5.4.2.1 Method of measurement.36
5.5 Carrier suppression .38
5.5.1 Test method .38
5.6 Antenna pointing for transmit VSAT .38
5.6.1 Test method .38
5.7 Control and monitoring for transmit VSAT.39
5.7.1 Test arrangement.39
5.7.2 Control channels .40
5.7.2.1 Test method.40
5.7.2.1.1 Test method for internal CC(s) .40
5.7.2.1.2 Test method for external CC(s) .40
5.7.3 Processor monitoring .41
5.7.3.1 Test method.41
5.7.4 Transmit subsystem monitoring .41
5.7.4.1 Test method.41
5.7.5 VSAT transmission validation.41
5.7.5.1 Test method for VSAT validation by the CCMF for VSAT
using internal CC(s).41
5.7.5.2 Test method for VSAT validation by receiving station(s)
for VSAT using internal CC(s) .41
5.7.5.3 Test method for transmission validation for VSAT using
external CC(s) .41
5.7.6 Reception of commands from the CCMF.42
5.7.6.1 Test method.42
5.7.7 Power-on/Reset.42
5.7.7.1 Test method.42
6. Test methods for modified VSAT .42
6.1 Antenna subsystem replacement .43
Annex A (normative): The TBR Requirements Table (TBR-RT).44
Annex B (informative): Pointing stability methodology .45
Annex C (informative): Bibliography.46
History.47
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Foreword
This Technical Basis for Regulation (TBR) has been produced by the Satellite Earth Stations and Systems
(SES) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European
Commission issued under Council Directive 83/189/EEC (as amended) laying down a procedure for the
provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations.
The present document is intended to become a Harmonized Standard, the reference of which will be
published in the Official Journal of the European Communities referencing the Council Directive
93/97/EEC of 29 October 1993 supplementing Directive 91/263/EEC in respect of satellite earth station
equipment (the "SES Directive").
A common technical regulation may be established by the European Commission in accordance with the
Directive.
Introduction
The Satellite Earth Station (SES) Directive [1] which supplements the Telecommunications Terminal
Equipment (TTE) Directive [2] concerns the harmonisation of conditions for the placing on the market of
such equipment.
Two classes of standard are applicable to SES equipment. European Telecommunication Standards
(ETS) give the full technical specifications for this equipment, whereas Technical Bases for Regulation
(TBR) give the essential requirements under the SES Directive [1] and the TTE Directive [2] for placing
such equipment on the market. Receive-only equipment, not intended for terrestrial connection to the
public telecommunications network, may be put into use. Nothing in this TBR is construed to prevent the
use of Community internal production control procedures as set out in the annexes to the two Directives
for such receive-only equipment. This TBR is based on ETS 300 332, ETS 300 333, ETS 300 160 and
ETS 300 456 (see annex C, Bibliography).
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1 Scope
This Technical Basis for Regulation (TBR) specifies the technical requirements that apply to Very Small
Aperture Terminal (VSAT) for compliance with Articles 4.1 and 4.3 of the SES Directive [1].
The VSAT has the following characteristics:
- the VSAT is operating in the following bands allocated to the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS), shared
with other services, e.g. the Fixed Service (FS) and the Mobile Service (MS):
- 5,85 GHz to 6,65 GHz (earth-to-space);
- 3,40 GHz to 4,20 GHz (space-to-earth);
- the VSAT uses linear or circular polarization;
- the VSAT operates through a geostationary satellite at least 3° away from any other geostationary
satellite operating in the same frequency band and covering the same area;
- the VSAT antenna diameter does not exceed 7,3 m, or equivalent effective area;
- the VSAT is either:
- transmit-only VSAT: designed for transmission-only of radio-communications signals in the
frequency band specified above; or
- transmit-and-receive VSAT: designed for transmission-and-reception of radio-
communications signals in the frequency band specified above; or
- receive-only VSAT: designed for reception-only of radio-communications signals in the
frequency band specified above;
- the VSAT is designed usually for unattended operation;
- the VSAT is operating as part of a satellite network (e.g. star, mesh or point-to-point) used for the
distribution and/or exchange of information between users;
- the transmit-only and transmit-and-receive VSAT is controlled and monitored by a Centralized
Control and Monitoring Function (CCMF). The CCMF is outside the scope of this TBR.
This TBR applies to the VSAT (including its ancillary equipment and its various terrestrial ports) operated
under the conditions which are within the ranges of humidity, temperature and supply voltage declared by
the manufacturer.
The requirements have been selected to ensure an adequate level of compatibility with other radio
services. The levels, however, do not cover extreme cases which may occur in any location but with a low
probability of occurrence.
This TBR may not cover those cases where a potential source of interference which is producing
individually repeated transient phenomena or a continuous phenomenon is present, e.g. a radar or
broadcast site in the near vicinity. In such a case it may be necessary to use special protection applied to
either the source of interference, or the interfered part or both.
This TBR does not contain any requirement, recommendation or information about the installation of the
VSAT.
Compliance of a VSAT to the requirements of this TBR does not imply compliance to any requirement
related to the use of the VSAT (e.g. licensing requirements).
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TBR 43: May 1998
2 Normative references
This TBR incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of any of these publications apply to this TBR
only when incorporated into it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies.
[1] SES Directive: "Council Directive 93/97/EEC (1993) supplementing Directive
91/263/EEC in respect of satellite earth station equipment".
[2] TTE Directive: "Council Directive 91/263/EEC (1991) on the approximation of
the laws of Member States concerning telecommunications terminal equipment,
including the mutual recognition of their conformity".
[3] ETS 300 673 (1996): "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); ElectroMagnetic
Compatibility (EMC) standard for 4/6 GHz and 11/12/14 GHz Very Small
Aperture Terminal (VSAT) equipment and 11/12/13/14 GHz Satellite News
Gathering (SNG) Transportable Earth Station (TES) equipment".
[4] CISPR N 16-1 (1993): "Specification for radio interference measuring apparatus
and measurements methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus" (Annex G: Validation of the open area test site for the
frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz).
NOTE: This TBR also contains a number of informative references which have been included
to indicate the sources from which various material has been derived, hence they do
not have an associated normative reference number. Details of these publications are
given in annex C (Bibliography).
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this TBR, the following definitions apply:
ancillary equipment: Equipment used in connection with the VSAT is considered ancillary if the three
following conditions are met:
a) the equipment is intended for use in conjunction with the VSAT to provide additional operational
and/or control features (e.g. to extend control to another position or location); and
b) the equipment cannot be used on a stand alone basis, to provide user functions independently of
the VSAT; and
c) the absence of the equipment does not inhibit the operation of the VSAT.
carrier-off state: A VSAT is in this state when it is authorized by the Centralized Control and Monitoring
Functions (CCMF) to transmit, but when it does not transmit any signal.
NOTE 1: The existence of a carrier-off state depends on the system of transmission used. For
VSAT designed for continuous transmission mode there may be no carrier-off state.
carrier-on state: A VSAT is in this state when it is authorized by the CCMF to transmit and when it
transmits a signal.
Centralized Control and Monitoring Functions (CCMF): A set of functional entities that, at system
level, monitor and control the correct operation of all transmit VSAT in a network.
Control Channel (CC): A channel or channels by which VSAT receive control information from the
CCMF.
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TBR 43: May 1998
Cross-Polarization Discrimination (XPD): The ratio of the on-axis co-polar gain to the cross-polar gain
in a given direction, at a transmit or receive frequency.
external Control Channel (CC): A control channel which is either (i) carried by the VSAT network via the
same or another satellite, but not within the internal protocol of the VSAT system, or (ii) carried by the
PSTN or some other means.
external Response Channel (RC): A response channel which is either (i) carried by the VSAT network
via the same or another satellite, but not within the internal protocol of the VSAT system, or (ii) carried by
the PSTN or some other means.
indoor unit: Is composed of that part of the VSAT which is not part of the outdoor unit. It is generally
installed inside a building and is connected to the outdoor unit. The connection cable between the outdoor
and indoor unit is considered part of the indoor unit.
internal Control Channel (CC): A control channel which is carried by the VSAT network via the same
satellite as used for transmission of user data and within the internal protocol of the VSAT system.
internal Response Channel (RC): A response channel which is carried by the VSAT network via the
same satellite as used for transmission of user data and within the internal protocol of the VSAT system.
manufacturer: The legal entity responsible under the terms of the Council Directive 93/97/EEC [1] for
placing the product on the market in a member state.
network: In this TBR a network is any network configuration including star, mesh and point-to-point
configurations.
nominated bandwidth: The bandwidth of the VSAT radio frequency transmission is nominated by the
manufacturer. The nominated bandwidth is centred on the transmit frequency and does not exceed
5 times the occupied bandwidth.
NOTE 2: The nominated bandwidth is wide enough to encompass all spectral elements of the
transmission which have a level greater than the specified spurious radiation limits.
The nominated bandwidth is wide enough to take account of the transmit carrier
frequency stability. This definition is chosen to allow flexibility regarding adjacent
channel interference levels which will be taken into account by operational procedures
depending on the exact transponder carrier assignment situation.
occupied Bandwidth (Bo): For a digital modulation scheme - the width of the signal spectrum 10 dB
below the maximum in-band density. For an analogue modulation scheme - the width of a frequency band
such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency limits, the mean power emitted is equal to
0,5 % of the total mean power of the emission.
outdoor unit: The part of the VSAT intended to be installed outdoor, as declared by the manufacturer, or
as indicated in the user documentation.
The outdoor unit usually comprises three main parts:
a) the antenna sub-system which converts the incident radiation field into a guided wave and
vice versa;
b) the Low Noise Block (LNB) down-converter, which is a device that amplifies, with very low internal
noise, the received signals in the Radio Frequency (RF) band and converts them to intermediate
frequencies;
c) the up-converter and the power amplifier which convert from the intermediate frequency to RF and
amplify the low level RF signals for transmission through the antenna subsystem.
NOTE 3: The installation equipment (means of attachment) is outside the scope of this TBR.
However, the antenna structures and other components directly mounted on the
antenna and forming an integral part of it, are subject to the specifications of this TBR.
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TBR 43: May 1998
Response Channel (RC): A channel by which VSAT transmit monitoring information to the CCMF.
spurious radiation: Any radiation outside the nominated bandwidth.
NOTE 4: For a receive-only VSAT there is no nominated bandwidth therefore any radiation is a
spurious radiation.
transmission disabled state: A VSAT is in this state when it is not authorized by the CCMF to transmit.
transmit VSAT: A VSAT capable of being used either for transmission-only, or for transmission-and-
reception.
voltage axial ratio: The voltage axial ratio of an antenna at a transmit or a receive frequency is the ratio
r equal to (x + 1)/(x - 1) where x is the square root of the Cross-Polarization Discrimination (XPD) (not
expressed in dB).
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this TBR, the following abbreviations apply:
CC Control Channel
CCD Central Control Disable
CCE Central Control Enable
CCMF Centralized Control and Monitoring Functions
CMF Control and Monitoring Functions
CV Control Variable
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EUT Equipment Under Test
FS Fixed Service
FSS Fixed Satellite Service
IF Intermediate Frequency
LNB Low Noise Block (low noise amplifier and down-converter)
MS Mobile Service
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
RC Response Channel
RE Reset Event
RF Radio Frequency
SMF Status Monitoring Fail
SMP Status Monitoring Pass
SMV Self Monitoring Variable
STE Specialized Test Equipment
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal
XPD Cross-Polarization Discrimination
4 Requirements
4.1 Off-axis spurious radiation
4.1.1 Justification
To limit the level of interference to terrestrial and satellite radio services.
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TBR 43: May 1998
4.1.2 Specification
4.1.2.1 Transmit VSAT
1) The VSAT shall not exceed the limits for radiated interference field strength over the frequency
range from 30 MHz to 1,0 GHz specified in table 1.
Table 1: Radiated field strength at a distance of 10 m
Frequency range Quasi-peak limits
(MHz) dB (μV/m)
30 to 230 30
230 to 1 000 37
The lower limits shall apply at the transition frequency.
2) When the VSAT is in the transmission disabled state, the off-axis spurious Equivalent Isotropically
Radiated Power (EIRP) from the VSAT, in any 100 kHz band, shall not exceed the limits in table 2,
for all off-axis angles greater than 7°.
Table 2: Limits of spurious EIRP - transmission disabled state
Frequency band EIRP limit
(GHz) (dBpW)
1,0 to 10,7 48
10,7 to 21,2 54
21,2 to 40,0 60
The lower limits shall apply at the transition frequency.
3) This specification applies outside the nominated bandwidth.
For both the carrier-on and carrier-off states, the off-axis spurious EIRP from the VSAT, in any
100 kHz band shall not exceed the limits in table 3, for all off-axis angles greater than 7°.
Table 3: Limits of spurious EIRP
Frequency band EIRP limit
(GHz) (dBpW)
1,0 to 3,4 49
3,4 to 5,7 55
5,7 to 5,85 75 (note)
6,65 to 6,8 75 (note)
6,8 to 10,7 55
10,7 to 21,2 61
21,2 to 40,0 67
NOTE: This limit may be exceeded in a frequency band which shall not exceed 50 MHz, centred
on the carrier frequency, provided that the on-axis EIRP density at the considered
frequency is 50 dB below the maximum on-axis EIRP density of the signal (within the
nominated bandwidth) expressed in dBW/100 kHz.
The lower limits shall apply at the transition frequency.
In the frequency bands 5,450 GHz to 5,700 GHz and 6,800 GHz to 7,050 GHz, for any 20 MHz
band within which one or more spurious signals exceeding the above limit of 55 dBpW are present,
then the power of each of those spurious signals exceeding the limit shall be added in watts, and
the sum shall not exceed 78 dBpW.
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TBR 43: May 1998
In the frequency band 11,700 GHz to 13,300 GHz, for any 20 MHz band within which one or more
spurious signals exceeding the above limit of 61 dBpW are present, then the power of each of
those spurious signals exceeding the limit shall be added in watts, and the sum shall not exceed
78 dBpW.
For VSAT designed to transmit simultaneously several different carriers (multi-carrier operation),
the above limits apply to each individual carrier when transmitted alone.
4) These limits are applicable to the complete VSAT equipment, comprising of the indoor and outdoor
units with at least 10 m of cable connecting them.
4.1.2.2 Receive-only VSAT
1) The VSAT shall not exceed the limits for radiated interference field strength over the frequency
range from 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz specified in table 4.
Table 4: Limits of radiated field strength at a test distance of 10 m
Frequency range Quasi-peak limits
(MHz) dB (μV/m)
30 to 230 30
230 to 1 000 37
The lower limits shall apply at the transition frequency.
2) The off-axis spurious EIRP from the VSAT, in any 100 kHz band, shall not exceed the limits in
table 5, for all off-axis angles greater than 7°.
Table 5: Limits of spurious EIRP
Frequency band EIRP limit
(GHz) (dBpW)
1,0 to 10,7 48
10,7 to 21,2 54
21,2 to 40,0 60
The lower limits shall apply at the transition frequency.
3) These limits are applicable to the complete VSAT equipment, comprising of the indoor and outdoor
units with at least 10 m of cable connecting them.
4.1.3 Conformance test
Conformance test shall be carried out in accordance with subclause 5.1.
4.2 On-axis spurious radiation for transmit VSAT
4.2.1 Justification
To limit the level of interference to satellite radio services.
4.2.2 Specification
4.2.2.1 Specification 1: Carrier-on state
In the 5,850 GHz to 6,650 GHz band the EIRP spectral density of the spurious radiation and outside the
nominated bandwidth shall not exceed 4 - 10 log N dBW in any 100 kHz band.
In a bandwidth of 5 times the occupied bandwidth centred on the carrier centre frequency, the EIRP
spectral density of the spurious radiation outside the nominated bandwidth, shall not exceed
18 - 10 log N dBW in any 100 kHz band.
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TBR 43: May 1998
N is the maximum number of VSAT which are expected to transmit simultaneously in the same carrier
frequency band. This number shall not be exceeded for more than 0,01% of the time. The value of N and
the operational conditions of the system shall be declared by the manufacturer.
NOTE 1: The on-axis spurious radiation, outside the 5,850 GHz to 6,650 GHz band, are
indirectly limited by the off-axis limits given in subclause 4.1.2.1. Consequently no
specification is needed.
NOTE 2: Inter-modulation limits inside the band 5,850 GHz to 6,650 GHz are to be determined
by system design, subject to satellite operator specifications.
For VSAT designed to transmit simultaneously several different carriers (multi-carrier operation), the
above limits apply to each individual carrier when transmitted alone.
4.2.2.2 Specification 2: Carrier-off state and transmission disabled state
In the 5,850 GHz to 6,650 GHz band the EIRP spectral density of the spurious radiation outside the
nominated bandwidth shall not exceed -21 dBW in any 100 kHz band.
4.2.3 Conformance test
Conformance test shall be carried out in accordance with subclause 5.2.
4.3 Off-axis EIRP emission density (co-polar and cross-polar) within the band 5,850 GHz to
6,650 GHz
4.3.1 Justification
Protection of other satellite (uplink) systems.
4.3.2 Specification
The maximum EIRP in any 4 kHz band within the nominated bandwidth of the co-polarized component in
any direction F degrees from the antenna main beam axis shall not exceed the following limits:
dBW for 2,5°
32 - 25 log F - 10 log N £F£ 7°
dBW for 7° <
11 - 10 log N F£ 9,2°
dBW for 9,2° <
35 - 25 log F - 10 log N F£ 48°
dBW for > 48°
-7 - 10 log NF
Where F is the angle, in degrees, between the main beam axis and the direction considered, and N is the
maximum number of VSAT which may transmit simultaneously in the same carrier frequency band. This
number shall be declared by the manufacturer.
For f > 70° the values given above may be increased to 4 - 10 log N dBW over the range of angles for
which the particular feed system may give rise to relatively high levels of spillover.
For antennas designed for minimum off-axis gain in the direction of the geostationary orbit, the
specification for f between 2,5° and 20° need only be met within – 3° of a plane bisected by the main
beam axis. This plane shall be marked and identified on the antenna in order to be able to align it
tangentially to the geostationary orbit. There shall be an axis of rotation along or parallel to the main beam
axis, with adjustment capability to an accuracy of 0,5°. The antenna shall be capable of having the above
plane aligned with the geostationary orbit plane.
In addition the maximum EIRP in any 4 kHz band within the nominated bandwidth of the cross-polarized
component in any direction F degrees from the antenna main beam axis shall not exceed the following
limits:
dBW for 2,5°
22 - 25 log F - 10 log N £F£ 7°
dBW for 7° <
1 - 10 log N F£ 9,2°
Page 16
TBR 43: May 1998
Where F is the angle, in degrees, between the main beam axis and the direction considered, and N is the
maximum number of VSAT which may transmit simultaneously in the same carrier frequency band. This
number shall be declared by the manufacturer.
4.3.3 Conformance test
Conformance test shall be carried out in accordance with subclause 5.3.1 with the results being computed
in accordance with subclause 5.3.2.
4.4 Transmit polarization discrimination (linear) or voltage axial ratio (circular)
4.4.1 Justification
Protection of signals on the orthogonal polarization.
4.4.2 Specification
4.4.2.1 Specification 1
When linear polarization is used, the polarization discrimination of the antenna in the transmit frequency
band shall exceed the limits of table 6.
When circular polarization is used, the voltage axial ratio of the antenna in the transmit frequency band
shall be less than the limits of table 6.
Table 6: Limits for Cross-Polarization Discrimination (XPD) and voltage axial ratio
Antenna Diameter (D) Linear polarization Circular polarization
Cross-Polarization Discrimination voltage axial ratio
(XPD)
25 dB 1,3
D £ 4,5 m
D > 4,5 m 27 dB 1,09
The above specification applies to all off-axis angles of less than 0,1° plus the pointing accuracy. See
subclause 4.7.2, a), specification 1.
NOTE: Some satellite operators may require a better performance.
4.4.2.2 Specification 2
When linear polarization is used, the polarization discrimination of the antenna in the transmit frequency
band shall exceed 20 dB within the -10 dB contour of the main beam.
NOTE: Some satellite operators may require a better performance.
4.4.3 Conformance test
Conformance test shall be carried out in accordance with subclause 5.4.
4.5 Carrier suppression
4.5.1 Justification
To allow for the satisfactory suppression of transmissions of a VSAT by the Centralized Control and
Monitoring Function (CCMF).
4.5.2 Specification
When the VSAT carrier is suppressed the VSAT shall be in the transmission disabled state and the EIRP
density shall not exceed 4 dBW in any 4 kHz band within the nominated bandwidth.
Page 17
TBR 43: May 1998
4.5.3 Conformance test
Conformance test shall be carried out in accordance with subclause 5.5.
4.6 ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
There are no specific EMC requirements under this TBR however ETS 300 673 [3] contains the EMC
requirements for VSAT.
4.7 Mechanical (antenna pointing) for transmit VSAT
4.7.1 Justification
Protection of signals to and from both the same and adjacent satellites.
4.7.2 Specification
a) Pointing stability:
Under the condition of 100 km/h maximum wind speed, with gusts of 130 km/h lasting
3 seconds, the installation shall not show any sign of permanent distortion and shall not need
re-pointing after the application of the wind load.
b) Pointing accuracy capability:
Specification 1: Main beam pointing accuracy
The antenna mount shall allow the position of the antenna transmit main beam axis to
be maintained with an accuracy better than the off-axis angle measured when the
main beam gain has decreased by 1 dB at any frequency in the equipment operating
band, over the full range of azimuth and elevation movement available to the antenna.
Specification 2: Non-symmetrical main beam orientation
This specification applies to antennas designed for minimum off-axis gain in the
direction of the geostationary orbit (e.g. elliptical antennas). The plane bisected by the
main beam axis and where the off-axis is minimum shall be marked on the antenna.
There shall be an axis of rotation along or parallel to the main beam axis, with
adjustment capability to an accuracy of 0,5°. The antenna shall be capable of having
the above plane aligned with the geostationary orbit plane.
c) Linear polarization angle alignment capability:
When linear polarization is used, the polarization angle shall be continuously adjustable in a
range of at least 180°; it shall be possible to fix the transmit antenna polarization angle with
an accuracy of at least 1°.
4.7.3 Conformance test
Conformance test shall be carried out in accordance with subclause 5.6.
4.8 Control and monitoring for transmit VSAT
4.8.1 General
The following minimum set of Control and Monitoring Functions (CMF) shall be implemented in VSAT in
order to minimise the probability that they may originate transmissions that may interfere with other
systems.
Under any fault condition when the VSAT transmissions are being suppressed the EIRP density shall not
exceed the limits for the transmission disabled state specified in subclauses 4.1, 4.2 and 4.5.
Page 18
TBR 43: May 1998
4.8.1.1 Control and Monitoring Functions (CMF)
A VSAT shall implement two sets of CMF:
a) Monitoring functions: these functions encompass all the checks and verifications that the VSAT
shall perform in order to identify any anomalous situation which may cause impairments to other
systems.
The overall result of these checks and verifications are contained in a functional variable named
Self Monitoring Variable (SMV). The states of this variable are "pass" and "fail".
The state of the SMV may change as a result of events. These are:
- Status Monitoring Pass event (SMP);
...
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
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Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES); Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT)
transmit-only, transmit-and-receive, receive-only satellite earth stations operating in the 4
GHz and 6 GHz frequency bands
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: TBR 043 Edition 1
ICS:
33.060.30 Radiorelejni in fiksni satelitski Radio relay and fixed satellite
komunikacijski sistemi communications systems
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL TBR 43
BASIS for May 1998
REGULATION
Source: SES Reference: DTBR/SES-00021
ICS: 33.020
Key words: Satellite, earth station, VSAT, type approval
Satellite Earth Stations and Systems (SES);
Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT)
transmit-only, transmit-and-receive, receive-only
satellite earth stations operating in the
4 GHz and 6 GHz frequency bands
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
ETSI Secretariat
Postal address: F-06921 Sophia Antipolis CEDEX - FRANCE
Office address: 650 Route des Lucioles - Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne - FRANCE
Internet: secretariat@etsi.fr - http://www.etsi.fr - http://www.etsi.org
Tel.: +33 4 92 94 42 00 - Fax: +33 4 93 65 47 16
Copyright Notification: No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the
foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 1998. All rights reserved.
Page 2
TBR 43: May 1998
Whilst every care has been taken in the preparation and publication of this document, errors in content,
typographical or otherwise, may occur. If you have comments concerning its accuracy, please write to
"ETSI Editing and Committee Support Dept." at the address shown on the title page.
Page 3
TBR 43: May 1998
Contents
Foreword .7
Introduction.7
1 Scope .9
2 Normative references.10
3 Definitions and abbreviations .10
3.1 Definitions .10
3.2 Abbreviations .12
4 Requirements.12
4.1 Off-axis spurious radiation.12
4.1.1 Justification.12
4.1.2 Specification .13
4.1.2.1 Transmit VSAT .13
4.1.2.2 Receive-only VSAT.14
4.1.3 Conformance test.14
4.2 On-axis spurious radiation for transmit VSAT .14
4.2.1 Justification.14
4.2.2 Specification .14
4.2.2.1 Specification 1: Carrier-on state .14
4.2.2.2 Specification 2: Carrier-off state and transmission
disabled state.15
4.2.3 Conformance test.15
4.3 Off-axis EIRP emission density (co-polar and cross-polar) within the band 5,850 GHz
to 6,650 GHz.15
4.3.1 Justification.15
4.3.2 Specification .15
4.3.3 Conformance test.16
4.4 Transmit polarization discrimination (linear) or voltage axial ratio (circular).16
4.4.1 Justification.16
4.4.2 Specification .16
4.4.2.1 Specification 1 .16
4.4.2.2 Specification 2 .16
4.4.3 Conformance test.16
4.5 Carrier suppression .16
4.5.1 Justification.16
4.5.2 Specification .16
4.5.3 Conformance test.17
4.6 ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) .17
4.7 Mechanical (antenna pointing) for transmit VSAT .17
4.7.1 Justification.17
4.7.2 Specification .17
4.7.3 Conformance test.17
4.8 Control and monitoring for transmit VSAT.17
4.8.1 General.17
4.8.1.1 Control and Monitoring Functions (CMF) .18
4.8.1.2 Specification of states.19
4.8.2 Control Channels (CC).19
4.8.2.1 Justification.19
4.8.2.2 Specification .20
4.8.2.3 Conformance test .20
4.8.3 Self monitoring functions.20
4.8.3.1 Processor monitoring.21
4.8.3.1.1 Justification .21
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TBR 43: May 1998
4.8.3.1.2 Specification. 21
4.8.3.1.3 Conformance test. 21
4.8.3.2 Transmit subsystem monitoring. 21
4.8.3.2.1 Justification . 21
4.8.3.2.2 Specification. 21
4.8.3.2.3 Conformance test. 21
4.8.3.3 VSAT transmission validation . 21
4.8.3.3.1 VSAT transmission validation by the
CCMF. 21
4.8.3.3.1.1 Justification . 21
4.8.3.3.1.2 Specification. 22
4.8.3.3.1.3 Conformance test. 22
4.8.3.3.2 VSAT transmission validation by
receiving station(s) . 22
4.8.3.3.2.1 Justification . 22
4.8.3.3.2.2 Specification. 22
4.8.3.3.2.3 Conformance test. 22
4.8.3.3.3 Transmission validation for VSAT
using external CC(s) . 22
4.8.3.3.3.1 Purpose. 22
4.8.3.3.3.2 Specification. 22
4.8.3.3.3.3 Conformance test. 22
4.8.4 Reception of commands from the CCMF. 22
4.8.4.1 Disable message . 23
4.8.4.1.1 Justification . 23
4.8.4.1.2 Specification. 23
4.8.4.1.3 Conformance test. 23
4.8.4.2 Enable message . 23
4.8.4.2.1 Justification . 23
4.8.4.2.2 Specification. 23
4.8.4.2.3 Conformance test. 23
4.8.5 Power-on/Reset . 23
4.8.5.1 Justification . 23
4.8.5.2 Specification. 23
4.8.5.3 Conformance test. 23
5 Test methods. 24
5.1 Off-axis spurious radiation . 24
5.1.1 Test method. 25
5.1.1.1 Up to 1 000 MHz . 25
5.1.1.1.1 Test site. 25
5.1.1.1.2 Measuring receivers. 25
5.1.1.1.3 Procedure. 26
5.1.1.2 Above 1 000 MHz. 26
5.1.1.2.1 Identification of the significant
frequencies of spurious radiation . 26
5.1.1.2.1.1 Test site. 26
5.1.1.2.1.2 Procedure. 26
5.1.1.2.2 Measurement of radiated power levels
of identified spurious radiation . 27
5.1.1.2.2.1 Test site. 27
5.1.1.2.2.2 Procedure. 27
5.1.1.2.3 Measurement of conducted spurious
radiation at the antenna flange. 28
5.1.1.2.3.1 Test site. 28
5.1.1.2.3.2 Procedure. 28
5.2 On-axis spurious radiation for transmit VSAT. 29
5.2.1 Test method. 29
5.2.1.1 Test site . 29
5.2.1.2 Method of measurement. 29
5.2.1.2.1 General. 29
5.2.1.2.2 Method of measurement at the
antenna flange. 29
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TBR 43: May 1998
5.2.1.2.3 Method of measurement with a test
antenna.30
5.3 Off-axis EIRP emission density within the band .31
5.3.1 Test method .31
5.3.1.1 Transmit output power density.31
5.3.1.1.1 Test site .31
5.3.1.1.2 Method of measurement.31
5.3.1.2 Antenna transmit gain.32
5.3.1.2.1 General .32
5.3.1.2.2 Test site .32
5.3.1.2.3 Method of measurement.32
5.3.1.3 Antenna transmit radiation patterns.33
5.3.1.3.1 General .33
5.3.1.3.2 Test site .33
5.3.1.3.3 Method of measurement.33
5.3.1.3.4 Co-polar radiation pattern - azimuth .34
5.3.1.3.5 Co-polar radiation pattern - elevation.34
5.3.1.3.6 Cross-polar radiation pattern - azimuth 35
5.3.1.3.7 Cross-polar radiation pattern -
elevation.35
5.3.2 Computation of results .36
5.4 Transmit polarization discrimination (linear) or voltage axial ratio (circular).36
5.4.1 General.36
5.4.2 Test method .36
5.4.2.1 Method of measurement.36
5.5 Carrier suppression .38
5.5.1 Test method .38
5.6 Antenna pointing for transmit VSAT .38
5.6.1 Test method .38
5.7 Control and monitoring for transmit VSAT.39
5.7.1 Test arrangement.39
5.7.2 Control channels .40
5.7.2.1 Test method.40
5.7.2.1.1 Test method for internal CC(s) .40
5.7.2.1.2 Test method for external CC(s) .40
5.7.3 Processor monitoring .41
5.7.3.1 Test method.41
5.7.4 Transmit subsystem monitoring .41
5.7.4.1 Test method.41
5.7.5 VSAT transmission validation.41
5.7.5.1 Test method for VSAT validation by the CCMF for VSAT
using internal CC(s).41
5.7.5.2 Test method for VSAT validation by receiving station(s)
for VSAT using internal CC(s) .41
5.7.5.3 Test method for transmission validation for VSAT using
external CC(s) .41
5.7.6 Reception of commands from the CCMF.42
5.7.6.1 Test method.42
5.7.7 Power-on/Reset.42
5.7.7.1 Test method.42
6. Test methods for modified VSAT .42
6.1 Antenna subsystem replacement .43
Annex A (normative): The TBR Requirements Table (TBR-RT).44
Annex B (informative): Pointing stability methodology .45
Annex C (informative): Bibliography.46
History.47
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TBR 43: May 1998
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TBR 43: May 1998
Foreword
This Technical Basis for Regulation (TBR) has been produced by the Satellite Earth Stations and Systems
(SES) Technical Committee of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
The present document has been produced by ETSI in response to a mandate from the European
Commission issued under Council Directive 83/189/EEC (as amended) laying down a procedure for the
provision of information in the field of technical standards and regulations.
The present document is intended to become a Harmonized Standard, the reference of which will be
published in the Official Journal of the European Communities referencing the Council Directive
93/97/EEC of 29 October 1993 supplementing Directive 91/263/EEC in respect of satellite earth station
equipment (the "SES Directive").
A common technical regulation may be established by the European Commission in accordance with the
Directive.
Introduction
The Satellite Earth Station (SES) Directive [1] which supplements the Telecommunications Terminal
Equipment (TTE) Directive [2] concerns the harmonisation of conditions for the placing on the market of
such equipment.
Two classes of standard are applicable to SES equipment. European Telecommunication Standards
(ETS) give the full technical specifications for this equipment, whereas Technical Bases for Regulation
(TBR) give the essential requirements under the SES Directive [1] and the TTE Directive [2] for placing
such equipment on the market. Receive-only equipment, not intended for terrestrial connection to the
public telecommunications network, may be put into use. Nothing in this TBR is construed to prevent the
use of Community internal production control procedures as set out in the annexes to the two Directives
for such receive-only equipment. This TBR is based on ETS 300 332, ETS 300 333, ETS 300 160 and
ETS 300 456 (see annex C, Bibliography).
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TBR 43: May 1998
Blank page
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TBR 43: May 1998
1 Scope
This Technical Basis for Regulation (TBR) specifies the technical requirements that apply to Very Small
Aperture Terminal (VSAT) for compliance with Articles 4.1 and 4.3 of the SES Directive [1].
The VSAT has the following characteristics:
- the VSAT is operating in the following bands allocated to the Fixed Satellite Service (FSS), shared
with other services, e.g. the Fixed Service (FS) and the Mobile Service (MS):
- 5,85 GHz to 6,65 GHz (earth-to-space);
- 3,40 GHz to 4,20 GHz (space-to-earth);
- the VSAT uses linear or circular polarization;
- the VSAT operates through a geostationary satellite at least 3° away from any other geostationary
satellite operating in the same frequency band and covering the same area;
- the VSAT antenna diameter does not exceed 7,3 m, or equivalent effective area;
- the VSAT is either:
- transmit-only VSAT: designed for transmission-only of radio-communications signals in the
frequency band specified above; or
- transmit-and-receive VSAT: designed for transmission-and-reception of radio-
communications signals in the frequency band specified above; or
- receive-only VSAT: designed for reception-only of radio-communications signals in the
frequency band specified above;
- the VSAT is designed usually for unattended operation;
- the VSAT is operating as part of a satellite network (e.g. star, mesh or point-to-point) used for the
distribution and/or exchange of information between users;
- the transmit-only and transmit-and-receive VSAT is controlled and monitored by a Centralized
Control and Monitoring Function (CCMF). The CCMF is outside the scope of this TBR.
This TBR applies to the VSAT (including its ancillary equipment and its various terrestrial ports) operated
under the conditions which are within the ranges of humidity, temperature and supply voltage declared by
the manufacturer.
The requirements have been selected to ensure an adequate level of compatibility with other radio
services. The levels, however, do not cover extreme cases which may occur in any location but with a low
probability of occurrence.
This TBR may not cover those cases where a potential source of interference which is producing
individually repeated transient phenomena or a continuous phenomenon is present, e.g. a radar or
broadcast site in the near vicinity. In such a case it may be necessary to use special protection applied to
either the source of interference, or the interfered part or both.
This TBR does not contain any requirement, recommendation or information about the installation of the
VSAT.
Compliance of a VSAT to the requirements of this TBR does not imply compliance to any requirement
related to the use of the VSAT (e.g. licensing requirements).
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TBR 43: May 1998
2 Normative references
This TBR incorporates by dated or undated reference, provisions from other publications. These
references are cited at the appropriate places in the text and the publications are listed hereafter. For
dated references, subsequent amendments to, or revisions of any of these publications apply to this TBR
only when incorporated into it by amendment or revision. For undated references the latest edition of the
publication referred to applies.
[1] SES Directive: "Council Directive 93/97/EEC (1993) supplementing Directive
91/263/EEC in respect of satellite earth station equipment".
[2] TTE Directive: "Council Directive 91/263/EEC (1991) on the approximation of
the laws of Member States concerning telecommunications terminal equipment,
including the mutual recognition of their conformity".
[3] ETS 300 673 (1996): "Radio Equipment and Systems (RES); ElectroMagnetic
Compatibility (EMC) standard for 4/6 GHz and 11/12/14 GHz Very Small
Aperture Terminal (VSAT) equipment and 11/12/13/14 GHz Satellite News
Gathering (SNG) Transportable Earth Station (TES) equipment".
[4] CISPR N 16-1 (1993): "Specification for radio interference measuring apparatus
and measurements methods; Part 1: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus" (Annex G: Validation of the open area test site for the
frequency range of 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz).
NOTE: This TBR also contains a number of informative references which have been included
to indicate the sources from which various material has been derived, hence they do
not have an associated normative reference number. Details of these publications are
given in annex C (Bibliography).
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of this TBR, the following definitions apply:
ancillary equipment: Equipment used in connection with the VSAT is considered ancillary if the three
following conditions are met:
a) the equipment is intended for use in conjunction with the VSAT to provide additional operational
and/or control features (e.g. to extend control to another position or location); and
b) the equipment cannot be used on a stand alone basis, to provide user functions independently of
the VSAT; and
c) the absence of the equipment does not inhibit the operation of the VSAT.
carrier-off state: A VSAT is in this state when it is authorized by the Centralized Control and Monitoring
Functions (CCMF) to transmit, but when it does not transmit any signal.
NOTE 1: The existence of a carrier-off state depends on the system of transmission used. For
VSAT designed for continuous transmission mode there may be no carrier-off state.
carrier-on state: A VSAT is in this state when it is authorized by the CCMF to transmit and when it
transmits a signal.
Centralized Control and Monitoring Functions (CCMF): A set of functional entities that, at system
level, monitor and control the correct operation of all transmit VSAT in a network.
Control Channel (CC): A channel or channels by which VSAT receive control information from the
CCMF.
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TBR 43: May 1998
Cross-Polarization Discrimination (XPD): The ratio of the on-axis co-polar gain to the cross-polar gain
in a given direction, at a transmit or receive frequency.
external Control Channel (CC): A control channel which is either (i) carried by the VSAT network via the
same or another satellite, but not within the internal protocol of the VSAT system, or (ii) carried by the
PSTN or some other means.
external Response Channel (RC): A response channel which is either (i) carried by the VSAT network
via the same or another satellite, but not within the internal protocol of the VSAT system, or (ii) carried by
the PSTN or some other means.
indoor unit: Is composed of that part of the VSAT which is not part of the outdoor unit. It is generally
installed inside a building and is connected to the outdoor unit. The connection cable between the outdoor
and indoor unit is considered part of the indoor unit.
internal Control Channel (CC): A control channel which is carried by the VSAT network via the same
satellite as used for transmission of user data and within the internal protocol of the VSAT system.
internal Response Channel (RC): A response channel which is carried by the VSAT network via the
same satellite as used for transmission of user data and within the internal protocol of the VSAT system.
manufacturer: The legal entity responsible under the terms of the Council Directive 93/97/EEC [1] for
placing the product on the market in a member state.
network: In this TBR a network is any network configuration including star, mesh and point-to-point
configurations.
nominated bandwidth: The bandwidth of the VSAT radio frequency transmission is nominated by the
manufacturer. The nominated bandwidth is centred on the transmit frequency and does not exceed
5 times the occupied bandwidth.
NOTE 2: The nominated bandwidth is wide enough to encompass all spectral elements of the
transmission which have a level greater than the specified spurious radiation limits.
The nominated bandwidth is wide enough to take account of the transmit carrier
frequency stability. This definition is chosen to allow flexibility regarding adjacent
channel interference levels which will be taken into account by operational procedures
depending on the exact transponder carrier assignment situation.
occupied Bandwidth (Bo): For a digital modulation scheme - the width of the signal spectrum 10 dB
below the maximum in-band density. For an analogue modulation scheme - the width of a frequency band
such that, below the lower and above the upper frequency limits, the mean power emitted is equal to
0,5 % of the total mean power of the emission.
outdoor unit: The part of the VSAT intended to be installed outdoor, as declared by the manufacturer, or
as indicated in the user documentation.
The outdoor unit usually comprises three main parts:
a) the antenna sub-system which converts the incident radiation field into a guided wave and
vice versa;
b) the Low Noise Block (LNB) down-converter, which is a device that amplifies, with very low internal
noise, the received signals in the Radio Frequency (RF) band and converts them to intermediate
frequencies;
c) the up-converter and the power amplifier which convert from the intermediate frequency to RF and
amplify the low level RF signals for transmission through the antenna subsystem.
NOTE 3: The installation equipment (means of attachment) is outside the scope of this TBR.
However, the antenna structures and other components directly mounted on the
antenna and forming an integral part of it, are subject to the specifications of this TBR.
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TBR 43: May 1998
Response Channel (RC): A channel by which VSAT transmit monitoring information to the CCMF.
spurious radiation: Any radiation outside the nominated bandwidth.
NOTE 4: For a receive-only VSAT there is no nominated bandwidth therefore any radiation is a
spurious radiation.
transmission disabled state: A VSAT is in this state when it is not authorized by the CCMF to transmit.
transmit VSAT: A VSAT capable of being used either for transmission-only, or for transmission-and-
reception.
voltage axial ratio: The voltage axial ratio of an antenna at a transmit or a receive frequency is the ratio
r equal to (x + 1)/(x - 1) where x is the square root of the Cross-Polarization Discrimination (XPD) (not
expressed in dB).
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of this TBR, the following abbreviations apply:
CC Control Channel
CCD Central Control Disable
CCE Central Control Enable
CCMF Centralized Control and Monitoring Functions
CMF Control and Monitoring Functions
CV Control Variable
EIRP Equivalent Isotropically Radiated Power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
EUT Equipment Under Test
FS Fixed Service
FSS Fixed Satellite Service
IF Intermediate Frequency
LNB Low Noise Block (low noise amplifier and down-converter)
MS Mobile Service
PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
RC Response Channel
RE Reset Event
RF Radio Frequency
SMF Status Monitoring Fail
SMP Status Monitoring Pass
SMV Self Monitoring Variable
STE Specialized Test Equipment
VSAT Very Small Aperture Terminal
XPD Cross-Polarization Discrimination
4 Requirements
4.1 Off-axis spurious radiation
4.1.1 Justification
To limit the level of interference to terrestrial and satellite radio services.
Page 13
TBR 43: May 1998
4.1.2 Specification
4.1.2.1 Transmit VSAT
1) The VSAT shall not exceed the limits for radiated interference field strength over the frequency
range from 30 MHz to 1,0 GHz specified in table 1.
Table 1: Radiated field strength at a distance of 10 m
Frequency range Quasi-peak limits
(MHz) dB (μV/m)
30 to 230 30
230 to 1 000 37
The lower limits shall apply at the transition frequency.
2) When the VSAT is in the transmission disabled state, the off-axis spurious Equivalent Isotropically
Radiated Power (EIRP) from the VSAT, in any 100 kHz band, shall not exceed the limits in table 2,
for all off-axis angles greater than 7°.
Table 2: Limits of spurious EIRP - transmission disabled state
Frequency band EIRP limit
(GHz) (dBpW)
1,0 to 10,7 48
10,7 to 21,2 54
21,2 to 40,0 60
The lower limits shall apply at the transition frequency.
3) This specification applies outside the nominated bandwidth.
For both the carrier-on and carrier-off states, the off-axis spurious EIRP from the VSAT, in any
100 kHz band shall not exceed the limits in table 3, for all off-axis angles greater than 7°.
Table 3: Limits of spurious EIRP
Frequency band EIRP limit
(GHz) (dBpW)
1,0 to 3,4 49
3,4 to 5,7 55
5,7 to 5,85 75 (note)
6,65 to 6,8 75 (note)
6,8 to 10,7 55
10,7 to 21,2 61
21,2 to 40,0 67
NOTE: This limit may be exceeded in a frequency band which shall not exceed 50 MHz, centred
on the carrier frequency, provided that the on-axis EIRP density at the considered
frequency is 50 dB below the maximum on-axis EIRP density of the signal (within the
nominated bandwidth) expressed in dBW/100 kHz.
The lower limits shall apply at the transition frequency.
In the frequency bands 5,450 GHz to 5,700 GHz and 6,800 GHz to 7,050 GHz, for any 20 MHz
band within which one or more spurious signals exceeding the above limit of 55 dBpW are present,
then the power of each of those spurious signals exceeding the limit shall be added in watts, and
the sum shall not exceed 78 dBpW.
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TBR 43: May 1998
In the frequency band 11,700 GHz to 13,300 GHz, for any 20 MHz band within which one or more
spurious signals exceeding the above limit of 61 dBpW are present, then the power of each of
those spurious signals exceeding the limit shall be added in watts, and the sum shall not exceed
78 dBpW.
For VSAT designed to transmit simultaneously several different carriers (multi-carrier operation),
the above limits apply to each individual carrier when transmitted alone.
4) These limits are applicable to the complete VSAT equipment, comprising of the indoor and outdoor
units with at least 10 m of cable connecting them.
4.1.2.2 Receive-only VSAT
1) The VSAT shall not exceed the limits for radiated interference field strength over the frequency
range from 30 MHz to 1 000 MHz specified in table 4.
Table 4: Limits of radiated field strength at a test distance of 10 m
Frequency range Quasi-peak limits
(MHz) dB (μV/m)
30 to 230 30
230 to 1 000 37
The lower limits shall apply at the transition frequency.
2) The off-axis spurious EIRP from the VSAT, in any 100 kHz band, shall not exceed the limits in
table 5, for all off-axis angles greater than 7°.
Table 5: Limits of spurious EIRP
Frequency band EIRP limit
(GHz) (dBpW)
1,0 to 10,7 48
10,7 to 21,2 54
21,2 to 40,0 60
The lower limits shall apply at the transition frequency.
3) These limits are applicable to the complete VSAT equipment, comprising of the indoor and outdoor
units with at least 10 m of cable connecting them.
4.1.3 Conformance test
Conformance test shall be carried out in accordance with subclause 5.1.
4.2 On-axis spurious radiation for transmit VSAT
4.2.1 Justification
To limit the level of interference to satellite radio services.
4.2.2 Specification
4.2.2.1 Specification 1: Carrier-on state
In the 5,850 GHz to 6,650 GHz band the EIRP spectral density of the spurious radiation and outside the
nominated bandwidth shall not exceed 4 - 10 log N dBW in any 100 kHz band.
In a bandwidth of 5 times the occupied bandwidth centred on the carrier centre frequency, the EIRP
spectral density of the spurious radiation outside the nominated bandwidth, shall not exceed
18 - 10 log N dBW in any 100 kHz band.
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TBR 43: May 1998
N is the maximum number of VSAT which are expected to transmit simultaneously in the same carrier
frequency band. This number shall not be exceeded for more than 0,01% of the time. The value of N and
the operational conditions of the system shall be declared by the manufacturer.
NOTE 1: The on-axis spurious radiation, outside the 5,850 GHz to 6,650 GHz band, are
indirectly limited by the off-axis limits given in subclause 4.1.2.1. Consequently no
specification is needed.
NOTE 2: Inter-modulation limits inside the band 5,850 GHz to 6,650 GHz are to be determined
by system design, subject to satellite operator specifications.
For VSAT designed to transmit simultaneously several different carriers (multi-carrier operation), the
above limits apply to each individual carrier when transmitted alone.
4.2.2.2 Specification 2: Carrier-off state and transmission disabled state
In the 5,850 GHz to 6,650 GHz band the EIRP spectral density of the spurious radiation outside the
nominated bandwidth shall not exceed -21 dBW in any 100 kHz band.
4.2.3 Conformance test
Conformance test shall be carried out in accordance with subclause 5.2.
4.3 Off-axis EIRP emission density (co-polar and cross-polar) within the band 5,850 GHz to
6,650 GHz
4.3.1 Justification
Protection of other satellite (uplink) systems.
4.3.2 Specification
The maximum EIRP in any 4 kHz band within the nominated bandwidth of the co-polarized component in
any direction F degrees from the antenna main beam axis shall not exceed the following limits:
dBW for 2,5°
32 - 25 log F - 10 log N £F£ 7°
dBW for 7° <
11 - 10 log N F£ 9,2°
dBW for 9,2° <
35 - 25 log F - 10 log N F£ 48°
dBW for > 48°
-7 - 10 log NF
Where F is the angle, in degrees, between the main beam axis and the direction considered, and N is the
maximum number of VSAT which may transmit simultaneously in the same carrier frequency band. This
number shall be declared by the manufacturer.
For f > 70° the values given above may be increased to 4 - 10 log N dBW over the range of angles for
which the particular feed system may give rise to relatively high levels of spillover.
For antennas designed for minimum off-axis gain in the direction of the geostationary orbit, the
specification for f between 2,5° and 20° need only be met within – 3° of a plane bisected by the main
beam axis. This plane shall be marked and identified on the antenna in order to be able to align it
tangentially to the geostationary orbit. There shall be an axis of rotation along or parallel to the main beam
axis, with adjustment capability to an accuracy of 0,5°. The antenna shall be capable of having the above
plane aligned with the geostationary orbit plane.
In addition the maximum EIRP in any 4 kHz band within the nominated bandwidth of the cross-polarized
component in any direction F degrees from the antenna main beam axis shall not exceed the following
limits:
dBW for 2,5°
22 - 25 log F - 10 log N £F£ 7°
dBW for 7° <
1 - 10 log N F£ 9,2°
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TBR 43: May 1998
Where F is the angle, in degrees, between the main beam axis and the direction considered, and N is the
maximum number of VSAT which may transmit simultaneously in the same carrier frequency band. This
number shall be declared by the manufacturer.
4.3.3 Conformance test
Conformance test shall be carried out in accordance with subclause 5.3.1 with the results being computed
in accordance with subclause 5.3.2.
4.4 Transmit polarization discrimination (linear) or voltage axial ratio (circular)
4.4.1 Justification
Protection of signals on the orthogonal polarization.
4.4.2 Specification
4.4.2.1 Specification 1
When linear polarization is used, the polarization discrimination of the antenna in the transmit frequency
band shall exceed the limits of table 6.
When circular polarization is used, the voltage axial ratio of the antenna in the transmit frequency band
shall be less than the limits of table 6.
Table 6: Limits for Cross-Polarization Discrimination (XPD) and voltage axial ratio
Antenna Diameter (D) Linear polarization Circular polarization
Cross-Polarization Discrimination voltage axial ratio
(XPD)
25 dB 1,3
D £ 4,5 m
D > 4,5 m 27 dB 1,09
The above specification applies to all off-axis angles of less than 0,1° plus the pointing accuracy. See
subclause 4.7.2, a), specification 1.
NOTE: Some satellite operators may require a better performance.
4.4.2.2 Specification 2
When linear polarization is used, the polarization discrimination of the antenna in the transmit frequency
band shall exceed 20 dB within the -10 dB contour of the main beam.
NOTE: Some satellite operators may require a better performance.
4.4.3 Conformance test
Conformance test shall be carried out in accordance with subclause 5.4.
4.5 Carrier suppression
4.5.1 Justification
To allow for the satisfactory suppression of transmissions of a VSAT by the Centralized Control and
Monitoring Function (CCMF).
4.5.2 Specification
When the VSAT carrier is suppressed the VSAT shall be in the transmission disabled state and the EIRP
density shall not exceed 4 dBW in any 4 kHz band within the nominated bandwidth.
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TBR 43: May 1998
4.5.3 Conformance test
Conformance test shall be carried out in accordance with subclause 5.5.
4.6 ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
There are no specific EMC requirements under this TBR however ETS 300 673 [3] contains the EMC
requirements for VSAT.
4.7 Mechanical (antenna pointing) for transmit VSAT
4.7.1 Justification
Protection of signals to and from both the same and adjacent satellites.
4.7.2 Specification
a) Pointing stability:
Under the condition of 100 km/h maximum wind speed, with gusts of 130 km/h lasting
3 seconds, the installation shall not show any sign of permanent distortion and shall not need
re-pointing after the application of the wind load.
b) Pointing accuracy capability:
Specification 1: Main beam pointing accuracy
The antenna mount shall allow the position of the antenna transmit main beam axis to
be maintained with an accuracy better than the off-axis angle measured when the
main beam gain has decreased by 1 dB at any frequency in the equipment operating
band, over the full range of azimuth and elevation movement available to the antenna.
Specification 2: Non-symmetrical main beam orientation
This specification applies to antennas designed for minimum off-axis gain in the
direction of the geostationary orbit (e.g. elliptical antennas). The plane bisected by the
main beam axis and where the off-axis is minimum shall be marked on the antenna.
There shall be an axis of rotation along or parallel to the main beam axis, with
adjustment capability to an accuracy of 0,5°. The antenna shall be capable of having
the above plane aligned with the geostationary orbit plane.
c) Linear polarization angle alignment capability:
When linear polarization is used, the polarization angle shall be continuously adjustable in a
range of at least 180°; it shall be possible to fix the transmit antenna polarization angle with
an accuracy of at least 1°.
4.7.3 Conformance test
Conformance test shall be carried out in accordance with subclause 5.6.
4.8 Control and monitoring for transmit VSAT
4.8.1 General
The following minimum set of Control and Monitoring Functions (CMF) shall be implemented in VSAT in
order to minimise the probability that they may originate transmissions that may interfere with other
systems.
Under any fault condition when the VSAT transmissions are being suppressed the EIRP density shall not
exceed the limits for the transmission disabled state specified in subclauses 4.1, 4.2 and 4.5.
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TBR 43: May 1998
4.8.1.1 Control and Monitoring Functions (CMF)
A VSAT shall implement two sets of CMF:
a) Monitoring functions: these functions encompass all the checks and verifications that the VSAT
shall perform in order to identify any anomalous situation which may cause impairments to other
systems.
The overall result of these checks and verifications are contained in a functional variable named
Self Monitoring Variable (SMV). The states of this variable are "pass" and "fail".
The state of the SMV may change as a result of events. These are:
- Status Monitoring Pass event (SMP);
-
...
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