ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.0 (2014-10)

Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement method for power consumption and energy efficiency of wireless access network equipment

RES/EE-EEPS00022ed141

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 18-Dec-2014
• Technical Committee: EE EEPS - EE Eco Environmental Product Standards
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 26-Dec-2014
• Completion Date: 19-Dec-2014
• Mandate: M/462

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.1 (2014-12)






ETSI STANDARD
Environmental Engineering (EE);
Measurement method for power consumption and
energy efficiency of wireless access network equipment

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2 ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.1 (2014-12)



Reference
RES/EE-EEPS00022ed141
Keywords
energy efficiency, GSM, LTE, WCDMA
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: [phone]  Fax: [phone]

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the
print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2014.
All rights reserved.

TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP and LTE™ are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI

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3 ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.1 (2014-12)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviations . 9
4 Assessment method . 10
4.1 Assessment levels . 10
4.2 Assessment procedure . 10
5 Reference configurations and Measurement conditions . 11
5.1 Reference configurations . 11
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements . 12
5.2.1 BS Configuration . 13
5.2.2 RF output (transmit) power/signal . 13
5.2.3 Environmental conditions . 13
5.2.4 Power supply . 14
6 Static power consumption measurement . 14
6.1 Calculation of average static power consumption for integrated BS . 14
6.2 Calculation of average static power consumption for distributed BS. 14
6.3 Measurement method for static BS power consumption . 15
6.3.1 Test setup for power consumption measurment. 15
6.3.2 Power consumption measurement procedure . 16
7 Dynamic BS energy efficiency measurement . 16
7.1 Test setup for dynamic energy efficiency measurment . 16
7.2 Capacity test procedure . 17
7.2.1 UE distribution for dynamic test method . 17
7.2.2 UE performance requirements . 18
7.2.3 Throughput setup . 19
7.2.4 Verification of minimum data delivered to UEs . 21
7.2.5 Definition of power consumption for integrated BS in dynamic method . 22
7.2.6 Definition of power consumption for distributed BS in dynamic method . 22
7.2.7 Energy efficiency for WCDMA andLTE . 22
7.2.8 Energy efficiency for GSM . 24
7.3 Coverage efficiency test procedure . 24
7.4 Uncertainty . 25
8 Measurement report . 25
Annex A (normative): Test Reports . 26
A.1 General information to be reported . 26
A.2 Static power consumption report . 27
Annex B: Void . 30
Annex C (normative): Coverage area definition . 31
ETSI

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4 ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.1 (2014-12)
Annex D (normative): Reference parameters for GSM/EDGE system . 33
Annex E (normative): Reference parameters for WCDMA/HSDPA system . 35
Annex F (normative): Reference parameters for LTE system . 36
Annex G: Void . 40
Annex H (normative): Definition of load levels for dynamic test . 41
Annex I (informative): Reference parameters for multi-standard (MCPA) system . 44
Annex J (normative): Uncertainty assessment . 45
J.1 General requirements . 45
J.2 Components contributing to uncertainty . 46
J.2.1 Contribution of the measurement system . 46
J.2.1.1 Measurement equipment (static & dynamic) . 46
J.2.1.2 Attenuators, cables (static and dynamic) . 47
J.2.1.3 User equipment (UE) or UE emulator (dynamic) . 47
J.2.2 Contribution of physical parameters. 47
J.2.2.1 Impact of environmental parameters (static and dynamic) . 47
J.2.2.2 Impact of path loss(dynamic). 47
J.2.2.3 Data volume (dynamic) . 47
J.2.3 Variance of device under test . 47
J.3 Uncertainty assessment . 48
J.3.1 Combined and expanded uncertainties . 48
J.3.2 Cross correlation of uncertainty factors . 49
J.3.3 Maximum expanded uncertainty . 49
TM
Annex K (informative): Reference parameters for WiMAX system . 50
Annex L (informative): Derivation of formula for verification of minimum data delivered to
UEsduring dynamic test . 52
Annex M (informative): BS site efficiency parameters . 55
Annex N (informative): Example assessment . 57
Annex O (informative): Bibliography . 59
History . 60

ETSI

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5 ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.1 (2014-12)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This ETSI Standard (ES) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "may not", "need", "need not", "will",
"will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms
for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Energy efficiency is one of the critical factors of the modern telecommunication systems. The energy consumption of
the access network is the dominating part of the wireless telecom network energy consumption. Therefore the core
network and the service network are not considered in the present document. In the radio access network, the power
consumption of the Base Station is dominating (depending on technology often also refered to as BTS, NodeB,
eNodeB, etc. and in the present document denoted as BS). The power consumption of Radio Network Control nodes
(RNC or BSC) are covered in ETSI ES 201 554 [5].
Since the scope of the present document is to define methods for evaluation of power consumption and energy
efficiency of base station in static and dynamic mode respectively the following definitions are defined:
• Average power consumption of BS equipment under static test conditions: the BS average power consumption
is based on measured BS power consumption data under static condition when the BS is loaded artifitially in a
lab for three different loads, low, medium and busy hour under given reference configuration.
• BS efficiency under dynamic load conditions: the BS capacity under dynamic traffic load provided within a
defined coverage area and the corresponding power consumption is measured for given reference
configurations.
ETSI

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6 ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.1 (2014-12)
1 Scope
The present document defines methods to analyse the power consumption and the energy efficiency of base stations in
static and dynamic mode respectively.
The present document version covers the following radio access technologies:
• GSM.
• WCDMA.
• LTE.
TM
• WiMAX (informative only).
The methodology described in the present document is to measure base station static power consumption and dynamic
energy efficiency. Within the present document they are referred to as static and dynamic measurements.
The results based on "static" measurements of the BS power consumption provide a power consumption figure for BS
under static load. The results based on "dynamic" measurements of the BS provide energy efficincy information for BS
with dynamic load.
Energy consumption of terminal (end-user) equipment is outside the scope of the present document.
The scope of the present document is not to define target values for the power consumption nor the energy efficiency of
equipment.
The results should only be used to assess and compare the power consumption and the energy efficiency of base
stations.
The present document does not cover multi RAT and MCPA. Only Wide Area Base Stations are covered in this version.
Other type of BS will be considered in future versions of the present document.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] Void.
[2] ETSI TS 125 104: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base Station (BS)
radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.104)".
[3] CENELEC EN 50160: "Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public electricity
networks".
[4] ETSI EN 300 132-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications and datacom (ICT) equipment; Part 2: Operated by -48 V direct current (dc)".
ETSI

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7 ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.1 (2014-12)
[5] ETSI ES 201 554: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement method for Energy efficiency
of Mobile Core network and Radio Access Control equipment".
[6] Void.
[7] ETSI TS 125 141 (V8.3.0): "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base
Station (BS) conformance testing (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.141 version 8.3.0 Release 8)".
[8] ETSI TS 125 101: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); User Equipment
(UE) radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.101)".
[9] ETSI TS 136 101: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment
(UE) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.101)".
[10] ETSI TS 136 211: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical
channels and modulation (3GPP TS 36.211)".
[11] ETSI TS 136 141 (V8.6.0): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base
Station (BS) conformance testing (3GPP TS 36.141 version 8.6.0 Release 8)".
[12] ETSI TS 136 104: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station
(BS) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.104)".
[13] IEEE 802.16e: "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 16: Air Interface for
Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment for Physical and Medium
Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands".
TM
NOTE: WiMAX Technologies and Standards.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Void.
[i.2] IEC/ISO Guide 98-3: "Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement" 2008 or equivalent GUM:2008/JCGM 100:2008.
NOTE: Available at http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/documents/jcgm/JCGM_100_2008_E.pdf.
[i.3] ETSI TS 145 005: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Radio transmission
and reception (3GPP TS 45.005)".
[i.4] ISO/IEC 17025: "General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories".
[i.5] ETSI TS 151 021: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Base Station System
(BSS) equipment specification; Radio aspects (3GPP TS 51.021)".
[i.6] IEC 62018: "Power consumption of information technology equipment - Measurement methods".
NOTE: Equivalent to CENELEC EN 62018.
[i.7] ETSI TS 102 706 (V1.2.1): "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement Method for Energy
Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment".
ETSI

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8 ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.1 (2014-12)
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
activity level: traffic model in dynamic measurement is divided into three activity levels corresponding to low-,
medium- and busy hour traffic
activity time: time to generate data from the server to at least one UE (in the scenario for dynamic measurement this
corresponds to the transmission time for the UE group with highest path loss)
Base Station (BS): radio access network component which serves one or more radio cells and interfaces the user
terminal (through air interface) and a wireless network infrastructure
BS test control unit: unit which can be used to control and manage BS locally in a lab
busy hour: period during which occurs the maximum total load in a given 24-hour period
busy hour load: in static measurement it is the highest measurement level of radio resource configuration and in
dynamic measurement is the highest activity level
distributed BS: BS architecture which contains remote radio heads (i.e. RRH) close to antenna element and a central
element connecting BS to network infrastructure
dynamic measurement: power consumption measurement performed with different activity levels and path losses
efficiency: througout the present document document the term efficiency is used as the relation between the useful
output (telecom service, etc.) and energy consumption
integrated BS: BS architecture in which all BS elements are located close to each other; for example in one single
cabinet
NOTE: The integrated BS architecture may include Tower Mount Amplifier (TMA) close to antenna.
IPERF: Software that allows the user to set various parameters that can be used for testing a network, or alternately for
optimizing or tuning a network
NOTE: IPERF has a client and server functionality, and can measure the throughput between the two ends, either
unidirectonally or bi-directionally. It is open source software and runs on various platforms including
Linux, Unix and Windows.
low load: in static measurement it is the lowest measurement level of radio resource configuration and in dynamic
measurement is the lowest activity level
medium load: in static measurement it is the medium measurement level of radio resource configuration and in
dynamic measurement is the medium activity level
power saving feature: software/hardware feature in a BS which contributes to decrease power consumption
site correction factor: scaling factor to scale the BS equipment power consumption for reference site configuration
taking into account different power supply solutions, different cooling solutions and power supply losses
static measurement: power consumption measurement performed with different radio resource configurations with
pre-defined and fixed load levels
UE group: group of UEs whose pathlosses to the BS are identical
Wide Area Base stations: Base Stations that are characterized by requirements derived from Macro Cell scenarios with
a BS to UE minimum coupling loss equals to 70 dB and having a rated ouput power (PRAT) above 38 dBm, where the
Rated output power, PRAT, of the BS is the mean power level per carrier for BS operating in single carrier,
multi-carrier, or carrier aggregation configurations that the manufacturer has declared to be available at the antenna
connector during the transmitter ON period according to 3GPP standardization, ETSI TS 136 104 [12] and ETSI
TS 125 104 [2]
ETSI

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9 ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.1 (2014-12)
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AC Alternating Current
AMR Adaptive Multi Rate
BCCH Broadcast Control CHannel
BER Bit Error Rate
BH Busy Hour
BS Base Station
BSC Base Station Controller
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BW Bandwidth
CCE Control Channel Elements
CCH Common CHannel
CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel
CF Cooling Factor
CPICH Common PIlot CHannel
CS Circuit Switched
DC Direct Current
DL DownLink
DPCH Dedicated Physical CHannel
DUT Device Under Test
EC Energy for Central part
EDGE Enhanced Datarate GSM Evolution
EPRE Emitted Power per Resource Element
ERRH Energy for Remote Radio Part
FCH Frequency Correction Channel
GERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
GUM Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
HSPA High Speed Packet Access
HW HardWare
JCGM Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LTE Long Term Evolution
MAP Media Access Protocol
MCPA Multi Carrier Power Amplifier
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
NA Not Applicable
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
PA Power Amplifier
PBCH Packet Broadcast Control Channel
PBH Power during Busy Hour
PC Power for Central Part
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator CHannel
PCH Paging Channel
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control CHannel
PDF Proportional Distribution Function
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared CHannel
PFF Power Feeding Factor
PHICH Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator CHannel
PICH Paging Indicator Channel
PRB Physical Resource Block
PRRH Power for Remote Radio Head
PSF Power Supply Factor
PSS Primary Synchronizing Signal
RAT Radio Access Technology
RBS Radio Base Station
ETSI

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10 ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.1 (2014-12)
REG Resource Element Group
RF Radio Frequency
RNC Radio Network Controller
RRH Remote Radio Head
RS Reference Signals
RX Receiver
SAE System Architecture Evolution
SCH Synchronization Channel
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SIMO Single Input Multiple Output
SSS Secondary Synchronizing Signal
SW SoftWare
TD Time during one Duty cycle
TF Tolerance Factor
TMA Tower Mount Amplifier
TP ThroughPut
TRX Transceiver
TS Time Slot
TX Transmitter
UDP User Data Protocol
UE User Equipment
UL UpLink
UL/DL Uplink/Downlink
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
TM
WiMAX Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access
4 Assessment method
This clause is valid for both static and dynamic measurement methods.
4.1 Assessment levels
The present document defines a two level assessment methods to be used to both evaluate power consumption and
energy efficiency of base stations. The two levels are:
• BS equipment average power consumption for which the present document defines reference BS equipment
configurations and reference load levels to be used when measuring BS power consumption.
• BS equipment energy efficiency defined as the measured capacity for a defined coverage area is devided by
the simultaneously measured energy consumption.
4.2 Assessment procedure
The assessment procedure contains the following tasks:
1) Identification of equipment under test:
1.1 Identify BS basic parameters (table A.1 in annex A).
1.2 List BS configuration and traffic load(s) for measurements (annexes D, E, F, H, K).
1.3 List of used power saving features and capacity enhancement features.
2) Static power measurement, Measure BS equipment power consumption for required load levels (see clause 6).
3) Efficiency measurement under dynamic load conditions, Measure BS equipment capacity and power
consumption under required conditions (see clause 7).
4) Collect and report the measurement results.
ETSI

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11 ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.1 (2014-12)
5 Reference configurations and Measurement
conditions
This clause is valid for both static and dynamic measurement methods.
The BS equipment is a network component which serves one or more cells and interfaces the mobile station (through air
interface) and a wireless network infrastructure (BSC or RNC) ([i.3] and [2]).
5.1 Reference configurations
TM
Reference configurations are defined for the different technologies (GSM/EDGE, WCDMA/HSPA, LTE, WiMAX )
in the corresponding annexes (anne
...

Final draft ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.0 (2014-10)






ETSI STANDARD
Environmental Engineering (EE);
Measurement method for power consumption and
energy efficiency of wireless access network equipment

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
2 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.0 (2014-10)



Reference
RES/EE-EEPS00022ed141
Keywords
energy efficiency, GSM, LTE, WCDMA
ETSI
650 Route des Lucioles
F-06921 Sophia Antipolis Cedex - FRANCE

Tel.: [phone]  Fax: [phone]

Siret N° 348 623 562 00017 - NAF 742 C
Association à but non lucratif enregistrée à la
Sous-Préfecture de Grasse (06) N° 7803/88

Important notice
The present document can be downloaded from:
http://www.etsi.org
The present document may be made available in electronic versions and/or in print. The content of any electronic and/or
print versions of the present document shall not be modified without the prior written authorization of ETSI. In case of any
existing or perceived difference in contents between such versions and/or in print, the only prevailing document is the
print of the Portable Document Format (PDF) version kept on a specific network drive within ETSI Secretariat.
Users of the present document should be aware that the document may be subject to revision or change of status.
Information on the current status of this and other ETSI documents is available at
http://portal.etsi.org/tb/status/status.asp
If you find errors in the present document, please send your comment to one of the following services:
http://portal.etsi.org/chaircor/ETSI_support.asp
Copyright Notification
No part may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying
and microfilm except as authorized by written permission of ETSI.
The content of the PDF version shall not be modified without the written authorization of ETSI.
The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.

© European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2014.
All rights reserved.

TM TM TM
DECT , PLUGTESTS , UMTS and the ETSI logo are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members.
TM
3GPP and LTE™ are Trade Marks of ETSI registered for the benefit of its Members and
of the 3GPP Organizational Partners.
GSM® and the GSM logo are Trade Marks registered and owned by the GSM Association.
ETSI

---------------------- Page: 2 ----------------------
3 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.0 (2014-10)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 7
3 Definitions and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Abbreviations . 9
4 Assessment method . 10
4.1 Assessment levels . 10
4.2 Assessment procedure . 10
5 Reference configurations and Measurement conditions . 11
5.1 Reference configurations . 11
5.2 Measurement and test equipment requirements . 12
5.2.1 BS Configuration . 13
5.2.2 RF output (transmit) power/signal . 13
5.2.3 Environmental conditions . 13
5.2.4 Power supply . 14
6 Static power consumption measurement . 14
6.1 Calculation of average static power consumption for integrated BS . 14
6.2 Calculation of average static power consumption for distributed BS. 14
6.3 Measurement method for static BS power consumption . 15
6.3.1 Test setup for power consumption measurment. 15
6.3.2 Power consumption measurement procedure . 16
7 Dynamic BS energy efficiency measurement . 16
7.1 Test setup for dynamic energy efficiency measurment . 16
7.2 Capacity test procedure . 17
7.2.1 UE distribution for dynamic test method . 17
7.2.2 UE performance requirements . 18
7.2.3 Throughput setup . 19
7.2.4 Verification of minimum data delivered to UEs . 21
7.2.5 Definition of power consumption for integrated BS in dynamic method . 22
7.2.6 Definition of power consumption for distributed BS in dynamic method . 22
7.2.7 Energy efficiency for WCDMA andLTE . 22
7.2.8 Energy efficiency for GSM . 24
7.3 Coverage efficiency test procedure . 24
7.4 Uncertainty . 25
8 Measurement report . 25
Annex A (normative): Test Reports . 26
A.1 General information to be reported . 26
A.2 Static power consumption report . 27
Annex B: Void . 30
Annex C (normative): Coverage area definition . 31
ETSI

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4 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.0 (2014-10)
Annex D (normative): Reference parameters for GSM/EDGE system . 33
Annex E (normative): Reference parameters for WCDMA/HSDPA system . 35
Annex F (normative): Reference parameters for LTE system . 36
Annex G: Void . 40
Annex H (normative): Definition of load levels for dynamic test . 41
Annex I (informative): Reference parameters for multi-standard (MCPA) system . 44
Annex J (normative): Uncertainty assessment . 45
J.1 General requirements . 45
J.2 Components contributing to uncertainty . 46
J.2.1 Contribution of the measurement system . 46
J.2.1.1 Measurement equipment (static & dynamic) . 46
J.2.1.2 Attenuators, cables (static and dynamic) . 47
J.2.1.3 User equipment (UE) or UE emulator (dynamic) . 47
J.2.2 Contribution of physical parameters. 47
J.2.2.1 Impact of environmental parameters (static and dynamic) . 47
J.2.2.2 Impact of path loss(dynamic). 47
J.2.2.3 Data volume (dynamic) . 47
J.2.3 Variance of device under test . 47
J.3 Uncertainty assessment . 48
J.3.1 Combined and expanded uncertainties . 48
J.3.2 Cross correlation of uncertainty factors . 49
J.3.3 Maximum expanded uncertainty . 49
TM
Annex K (informative): Reference parameters for WiMAX system . 50
Annex L (informative): Derivation of formula for verification of minimum data delivered to
UEsduring dynamic test . 52
Annex M (informative): BS site efficiency parameters . 55
Annex N (informative): Example assessment . 57
Annex O (informative): Bibliography . 59
History . 60

ETSI

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5 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.0 (2014-10)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This final draft ETSI Standard (ES) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Environmental Engineering (EE),
and is now submitted for the ETSI standards Membership Approval Procedure.
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "may not", "need", "need not", "will",
"will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms
for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
Energy efficiency is one of the critical factors of the modern telecommunication systems. The energy consumption of
the access network is the dominating part of the wireless telecom network energy consumption. Therefore the core
network and the service network are not considered in the present document. In the radio access network, the power
consumption of the Base Station is dominating (depending on technology often also refered to as BTS, NodeB,
eNodeB, etc. and in the present document denoted as BS). The power consumption of Radio Network Control nodes
(RNC or BSC) are covered in ETSI ES 201 554 [5].
Since the scope of the present document is to define methods for evaluation of power consumption and energy
efficiency of base station in static and dynamic mode respectively the following definitions are defined:
• Average power consumption of BS equipment under static test conditions: the BS average power consumption
is based on measured BS power consumption data under static condition when the BS is loaded artifitially in a
lab for three different loads, low, medium and busy hour under given reference configuration.
• BS efficiency under dynamic load conditions: the BS capacity under dynamic traffic load provided within a
defined coverage area and the corresponding power consumption is measured for given reference
configurations.
ETSI

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6 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.0 (2014-10)
1 Scope
The present document defines methods to analyse the power consumption and the energy efficiency of base stations in
static and dynamic mode respectively.
The present document version covers the following radio access technologies:
• GSM.
• WCDMA.
• LTE.
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• WiMAX (informative only).
The methodology described in the present document is to measure base station static power consumption and dynamic
energy efficiency. Within the present document they are referred to as static and dynamic measurements.
The results based on "static" measurements of the BS power consumption provide a power consumption figure for BS
under static load. The results based on "dynamic" measurements of the BS provide energy efficincy information for BS
with dynamic load.
Energy consumption of terminal (end-user) equipment is outside the scope of the present document.
The scope of the present document is not to define target values for the power consumption nor the energy efficiency of
equipment.
The results should only be used to assess and compare the power consumption and the energy efficiency of base
stations.
The present document does not cover multi RAT and MCPA. Only Wide Area Base Stations are covered in this version.
Other type of BS will be considered in future versions of the present document.
2 References
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
2.1 Normative references
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
[1] Void.
[2] ETSI TS 125 104: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base Station (BS)
radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.104)".
[3] CENELEC EN 50160: "Voltage characteristics of electricity supplied by public electricity
networks".
[4] ETSI EN 300 132-2: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications and datacom (ICT) equipment; Part 2: Operated by -48 V direct current (dc)".
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7 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.0 (2014-10)
[5] ETSI ES 201 554: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement method for Energy efficiency
of Mobile Core network and Radio Access Control equipment".
[6] Void.
[7] ETSI TS 125 141 (V8.3.0): "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Base
Station (BS) conformance testing (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.141 version 8.3.0 Release 8)".
[8] ETSI TS 125 101: "Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); User Equipment
(UE) radio transmission and reception (FDD) (3GPP TS 25.101)".
[9] ETSI TS 136 101: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); User Equipment
(UE) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.101)".
[10] ETSI TS 136 211: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Physical
channels and modulation (3GPP TS 36.211)".
[11] ETSI TS 136 141 (V8.6.0): "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base
Station (BS) conformance testing (3GPP TS 36.141 version 8.6.0 Release 8)".
[12] ETSI TS 136 104: "LTE; Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Base Station
(BS) radio transmission and reception (3GPP TS 36.104)".
[13] IEEE 802.16e: "IEEE Standard for Local and metropolitan area networks Part 16: Air Interface for
Fixed and Mobile Broadband Wireless Access Systems Amendment for Physical and Medium
Access Control Layers for Combined Fixed and Mobile Operation in Licensed Bands".
TM
NOTE: WiMAX Technologies and Standards.
2.2 Informative references
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Void.
[i.2] IEC/ISO Guide 98-3: "Evaluation of measurement data - Guide to the expression of uncertainty in
measurement" 2008 or equivalent GUM:2008/JCGM 100:2008.
NOTE: Available at http://www.bipm.org/utils/common/documents/jcgm/JCGM_100_2008_E.pdf.
[i.3] ETSI TS 145 005: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Radio transmission
and reception (3GPP TS 45.005)".
[i.4] ISO/IEC 17025: "General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories".
[i.5] ETSI TS 151 021: "Digital cellular telecommunications system (Phase 2+); Base Station System
(BSS) equipment specification; Radio aspects (3GPP TS 51.021)".
[i.6] IEC 62018: "Power consumption of information technology equipment - Measurement methods".
NOTE: Equivalent to CENELEC EN 62018.
[i.7] ETSI TS 102 706 (V1.2.1): "Environmental Engineering (EE); Measurement Method for Energy
Efficiency of Wireless Access Network Equipment".
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8 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.0 (2014-10)
3 Definitions and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
activity level: traffic model in dynamic measurement is divided into three activity levels corresponding to low-,
medium- and busy hour traffic
activity time: time to generate data from the server to at least one UE (in the scenario for dynamic measurement this
corresponds to the transmission time for the UE group with highest path loss)
Base Station (BS): radio access network component which serves one or more radio cells and interfaces the user
terminal (through air interface) and a wireless network infrastructure
BS test control unit: unit which can be used to control and manage BS locally in a lab
busy hour: period during which occurs the maximum total load in a given 24-hour period
busy hour load: in static measurement it is the highest measurement level of radio resource configuration and in
dynamic measurement is the highest activity level
distributed BS: BS architecture which contains remote radio heads (i.e. RRH) close to antenna element and a central
element connecting BS to network infrastructure
dynamic measurement: power consumption measurement performed with different activity levels and path losses
efficiency: througout the present document document the term efficiency is used as the relation between the useful
output (telecom service, etc.) and energy consumption
integrated BS: BS architecture in which all BS elements are located close to each other; for example in one single
cabinet
NOTE: The integrated BS architecture may include Tower Mount Amplifier (TMA) close to antenna.
IPERF: Software that allows the user to set various parameters that can be used for testing a network, or alternately for
optimizing or tuning a network
NOTE: IPERF has a client and server functionality, and can measure the throughput between the two ends, either
unidirectonally or bi-directionally. It is open source software and runs on various platforms including
Linux, Unix and Windows.
low load: in static measurement it is the lowest measurement level of radio resource configuration and in dynamic
measurement is the lowest activity level
medium load: in static measurement it is the medium measurement level of radio resource configuration and in
dynamic measurement is the medium activity level
power saving feature: software/hardware feature in a BS which contributes to decrease power consumption
site correction factor: scaling factor to scale the BS equipment power consumption for reference site configuration
taking into account different power supply solutions, different cooling solutions and power supply losses
static measurement: power consumption measurement performed with different radio resource configurations with
pre-defined and fixed load levels
UE group: group of UEs whose pathlosses to the BS are identical
Wide Area Base stations: Base Stations that are characterized by requirements derived from Macro Cell scenarios with
a BS to UE minimum coupling loss equals to 70 dB and having a rated ouput power (PRAT) above 38 dBm, where the
Rated output power, PRAT, of the BS is the mean power level per carrier for BS operating in single carrier,
multi-carrier, or carrier aggregation configurations that the manufacturer has declared to be available at the antenna
connector during the transmitter ON period according to 3GPP standardization, ETSI TS 136 104 [12] and
ETSI TS 125 104 [2]
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9 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.0 (2014-10)
3.2 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AC Alternating Current
AMR Adaptive Multi Rate
BCCH Broadcast Control CHannel
BER Bit Error Rate
BH Busy Hour
BS Base Station
BSC Base Station Controller
BTS Base Transceiver Station
BW Bandwidth
CCE Control Channel Elements
CCH Common CHannel
CCPCH Common Control Physical Channel
CF Cooling Factor
CPICH Common PIlot CHannel
CS Circuit Switched
DC Direct Current
DL DownLink
DPCH Dedicated Physical CHannel
DUT Device Under Test
EC Energy for Central part
EDGE Enhanced Datarate GSM Evolution
EPRE Emitted Power per Resource Element
ERRH Energy for Remote Radio Part
FCH Frequency Correction Channel
GERAN GSM/EDGE Radio Access Network
GSM Global System for Mobile communication
GUM Guide to the expression of Uncertainty in Measurement
HSPA High Speed Packet Access
HW HardWare
JCGM Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology
KPI Key Performance Indicator
LTE Long Term Evolution
MAP Media Access Protocol
MCPA Multi Carrier Power Amplifier
MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
NA Not Applicable
NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex
PA Power Amplifier
PBCH Packet Broadcast Control Channel
PBH Power during Busy Hour
PC Power for Central Part
PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator CHannel
PCH Paging Channel
PCM Pulse Code Modulation
PDCCH Physical Downlink Control CHannel
PDF Proportional Distribution Function
PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared CHannel
PFF Power Feeding Factor
PHICH Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator CHannel
PICH Paging Indicator Channel
PRB Physical Resource Block
PRRH Power for Remote Radio Head
PSF Power Supply Factor
PSS Primary Synchronizing Signal
RAT Radio Access Technology
RBS Radio Base Station
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10 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.0 (2014-10)
REG Resource Element Group
RF Radio Frequency
RNC Radio Network Controller
RRH Remote Radio Head
RS Reference Signals
RX Receiver
SAE System Architecture Evolution
SCH Synchronization Channel
SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy
SIMO Single Input Multiple Output
SSS Secondary Synchronizing Signal
SW SoftWare
TD Time during one Duty cycle
TF Tolerance Factor
TMA Tower Mount Amplifier
TP ThroughPut
TRX Transceiver
TS Time Slot
TX Transmitter
UDP User Data Protocol
UE User Equipment
UL UpLink
UL/DL Uplink/Downlink
WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
TM
WiMAX Worldwide interoperability for Microwave Access
4 Assessment method
This clause is valid for both static and dynamic measurement methods.
4.1 Assessment levels
The present document defines a two level assessment methods to be used to both evaluate power consumption and
energy efficiency of base stations. The two levels are:
• BS equipment average power consumption for which the present document defines reference BS equipment
configurations and reference load levels to be used when measuring BS power consumption.
• BS equipment energy efficiency defined as the measured capacity for a defined coverage area is devided by
the simultaneously measured energy consumption.
4.2 Assessment procedure
The assessment procedure contains the following tasks:
1) Identification of equipment under test:
1.1 Identify BS basic parameters (table A.1 in annex A).
1.2 List BS configuration and traffic load(s) for measurements (annexes D, E, F, H, K).
1.3 List of used power saving features and capacity enhancement features.
2) Static power measurement, Measure BS equipment power consumption for required load levels (see clause 6).
3) Efficiency measurement under dynamic load conditions, Measure BS equipment capacity and power
consumption under required conditions (see clause 7).
4) Collect and report the measurement results.
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11 Final draft ETSI ES 202 706 V1.4.0 (2014-10)
5 Reference configurations and Measurement
conditions
This clause is valid for both static and dynamic measurement methods.
The BS equipment is a network component which serves one or more cells and interfaces the mobile station (through air
interface) and a wireless network infrast
...