ETSI TR 103 581 V1.1.1 (2019-11)

Use of measurement detectors in radio measurement methods

DTR/ERM-RM-270

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 21-Nov-2019
• Technical Committee: ERM WGRM - ERM Radio Matters
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 22-Nov-2019
• Completion Date: 22-Nov-2019

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 103 581 V1.1.1 (2019-11)






TECHNICAL REPORT
Use of measurement detectors
in radio measurement methods

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2 ETSI TR 103 581 V1.1.1 (2019-11)



Reference
DTR/ERM-RM-270
Keywords
measurement, radio, testing, validation
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3 ETSI TR 103 581 V1.1.1 (2019-11)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 5
Foreword . 5
Modal verbs terminology . 5
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Terms . 8
3.2 Symbols . 8
3.3 Abbreviations . 8
4 Regulatory requirements . 9
4.0 General . 9
4.1 Overview . 9
4.2 Examples of regulations without requirements on detectors . 10
4.3 Examples of regulations with requirements on detectors . 11
4.3.1 Definitions from Radio Regulations . 11
4.3.2 UWB regulations . 11
4.3.3 ERC Recommendation 74-01 . 12
4.3.4 FCC Part 15 . 12
4.4 Summary and consequences for the present document . 12
5 Detectors as parts of measurement instruments . 12
5.0 Introduction . 12
5.1 General . 13
5.2 Basic function of measurement instruments . 13
5.2.0 Generic . 13
5.2.1 Conventional measurement instrument (without FFT- based functions) . 14
5.2.2 FFT-based measurement instrument . 15
5.3 Detector influence to trace display and trace functions . 15
5.4 The resolution bandwidth (RBW) . 18
5.5 The video bandwidth (VBW) . 18
5.6 RBW- and VBW influence to sweep time . 18
5.7 Differences between spectrum analysers and EMI receivers . 19
6 Description of detectors. 20
6.0 Introduction . 20
6.1 General notes on detectors. 20
6.2 CISPR-detectors . 22
6.2.0 General . 22
6.2.1 The CISPR peak detector . 22
6.2.2 The CISPR Quasi-peak detector . 22
6.2.3 The CISPR-Average detector . 23
6.2.4 The CISPR RMS-average detector . 23
6.3 Spectrum analyser detectors . 24
6.3.0 General . 24
6.3.1 The peak detector (positive or max peak) . 24
6.3.2 The RMS detector . 24
6.3.3 The average detector . 25
6.3.4 The sample detector . 25
7 Measurement examples . 26
7.0 Introduction . 26
7.1 Test signals . 26
ETSI

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4 ETSI TR 103 581 V1.1.1 (2019-11)
7.2 Measurement equipment . 27
7.3 Measurement result discussion . 27
7.3.0 General . 27
7.3.1 Signal type 1 (16-QAM) . 28
7.3.2 Signal type 2 (slow pulse) . 28
7.3.3 Signal type 3 (slow pulsed AM) . 29
7.3.4 Signal type 4 (fast pulsed) . 30
8 Summary . 30
9 Recommendations . 33
Annex A: Measurements . 34
A.1 Signal 1, 16 QAM . 34
A.2 Signal 2, slow pulsed . 47
A.3 Signal 3, slow pulsed AM . 50
A.4 Signal 4, fast pulsed . 56
Annex B: Change History . 58
History . 59


ETSI

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5 ETSI TR 103 581 V1.1.1 (2019-11)
Intellectual Property Rights
Essential patents
IPRs essential or potentially essential to normative deliverables may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (https://ipr.etsi.org/).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Trademarks
The present document may include trademarks and/or tradenames which are asserted and/or registered by their owners.
ETSI claims no ownership of these except for any which are indicated as being the property of ETSI, and conveys no
right to use or reproduce any trademark and/or tradename. Mention of those trademarks in the present document does
not constitute an endorsement by ETSI of products, services or organizations associated with those trademarks.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio
spectrum Matters (ERM).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and "cannot" are to be
interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
At the ETSI TC ERM meeting #62 in June 2017 the issue of measurement detectors was discussed and it was indicated
by ERM WGRM chairman that the Quasi Peak (QP) detector may be no longer appropriate in radio standards and
should possibly be avoided in future. Concerns were raised that before ETSI will take any decision in this regard ETSI
should carefully consider the issue of measurement detectors. Measurement results not only with QP also with RMS
and Average detector vary with signal shape and measurement receiver setting, which is not the intention of typical
radio measurements. Harmonised standards covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Radio Equipment
Directive (RED) [i.23] should contain reproducible measurements. But common measurement procedures and settings
for the different detectors are currently not available in ETSI.


ETSI

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6 ETSI TR 103 581 V1.1.1 (2019-11)
1 Scope
The present document provides to ETSI technical group's information on the use of measurement detectors (e.g. quasi
peak, RMS, average, peak) in radio measurement methods.
The focus in the present document is on measurement detectors used in spectrum analysers and EMI receivers. Various
other technologies to measure RF signals do exist, like specific true RMS sensors and selective voltmeters. They are not
further studied in the present document but could be of specific use in some cases.
EMI measurement methods and audio measurements/detectors (e.g. SINAD) are not in the scope of the present
document.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
Normative references are not applicable in the present document.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] CENELEC EN 55016-1-1:2010 + A1:2010 + A2:2014: "Specification for radio disturbance and
immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity
measuring apparatus - Measuring apparatus".
[i.2] CENELEC EN 55016-1-1: 2004: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring
apparatus and methods - Part 1-1: Radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus -
Measuring apparatus".
[i.3] Application note by Dipl. -Ing. Dieter Schwarzbeck: "The EMI-Receiver according to
CISPR 16-1-1".
NOTE: Available at http://www.schwarzbeck.de/appnotes/EMIRcvrCISPR16.pdf.
[i.4] Commission implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1483 of 8 August 2017 amending Decision
2006/771/EC on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices and repealing
Decision 2006/804/EC.
[i.5] ERC Recommendation 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)", 13 October
2017.
[i.6] ETSI EN 300 330 (V2.1.1): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Radio equipment in the frequency range
9 kHz to 25 MHz and inductive loop systems in the frequency range 9 kHz to 30 MHz;
Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.7] ETSI EN 300 220-2 (V3.1.1): "Short Range Devices (SRD) operating in the frequency range
25 MHz to 1 000 MHz; Part 2: Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of
article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU for non specific radio equipment".
ETSI

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7 ETSI TR 103 581 V1.1.1 (2019-11)
[i.8] ETSI EN 300 328 (V2.1.1): "Wideband transmission systems; Data transmission equipment
operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM band and using wide band modulation techniques; Harmonised
Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.9] ECC/DEC(04)03: "ECC Decision of 19 March 2004 on the frequency band 77 - 81 GHz to be
designated for the use of Automotive Short Range Radars".
[i.10] ECC/DEC(06)04: "ECC Decision of 24 March 2006 amended 9 December 2011 on the
harmonised conditions for devices using UWB technology in bands below 10.6 GHz".
[i.11] ECC/DEC(06)08: "ECC Decision of 1 December 2006 on the conditions for use of the radio
spectrum by Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar (GPR/WPR) imaging systems".
[i.12] ECC/DEC(11)02: "ECC Decision of 11 March 2011 on industrial Level Probing Radars (LPR)
operating in frequency bands 6-8.5 GHz, 24.05-26.5 GHz, 57-64 GHz and 75-85 GHz".
[i.13] ERC Recommendation 74-01: "Unwanted emissions in the spurious domain", Cardiff 2011.
[i.14] ITU Radio Regulations, Edition of 2016.
[i.15] ANSI 63.10-2013: "American National Standard of Procedures for Compliance Testing of
Unlicensed Wireless Devices".
[i.16] FCC Part 15: "Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, Title 47: Telecommunication,
Part 15: Radio frequency devices", May 15, 2018.
[i.17] FCC Knowledge Database (KDB).
NOTE: Available at https://apps.fcc.gov/oetcf/kdb/index.cfm.
[i.18] SEAMCAT, Spectrum Engineering Advanced Monte Carlo Analysis Tool.
NOTE: Available at www.seamcat.org.
[i.19] CENELEC EN 55016-2-3: 2010 + A1:2010 + AC:2013 + A2:2014: "Specification for radio
disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods - Part 2-3: Methods of measurement
of disturbances and immunity - Radiated disturbance measurements".
[i.20] RAUSCHER, C.: "Fundamentals of Spectrum Analysis", 7th edition, 2011,
ISBN 978-3-939837-01-5.
[i.21] LIEBL, DETLEV: "Measuring with modern spectrum analysers", 02/2013.
NOTE: Available at https://cdn.rohde-
schwarz.com/pws/dl_downloads/dl_application/application_notes/1ma201_1/1MA201_9e_spectrum_anal
yzers_meas.pdf.
[i.22] CENELEC EN 55013: "Sound and television broadcast receivers and associated equipment -
Radio disturbance characteristics - Limits and methods of measurement".
[i.23] Directive 2014/53/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on the
harmonisation of the laws of the Member States relating to the making available on the market of
radio equipment and repealing Directive 1999/5/EC.
[i.24] ETSI EN 302 264 (V2.1.1): "Short Range Devices; Transport and Traffic Telematics (TTT); Short
Range Radar equipment operating in the 77 GHz to 81 GHz band; Harmonised Standard covering
the essential requirements of article 3.2 of Directive 2014/53/EU".
[i.25] ETSI EN 302 065-1 (V2.1.1): "Short Range Devices (SRD) using Ultra Wide Band technology
(UWB); Harmonised Standard covering the essential requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive
2014/53/EU; Part 1: Requirements for Generic UWB applications".
[i.26] ETSI EN 302 066 (V2.1.1): "Short Range Devices (SRD); Ground- and Wall- Probing Radar
applications (GPR/WPR) imaging systems; Harmonised Standard covering the essential
requirements of article 3.2 of the Directive 2014/53/EU".
ETSI

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[i.27] ECC Report 64 (February 2005): "The protection requirements of radiocommunications systems
below 10.6 GHz from generic UWB applications".
3 Definition of terms, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Terms
For the purposes of the present document, following terms apply:
CISPR-detector: measurement detector as defined in CENELEC EN 55016-1-1 [i.1] and as used in an EMI receiver
EMI receiver: measurement instrument as defined in CENELEC EN 55016-1-1 [i.1]
measurement instrument: EMI receiver or spectrum analyser, both with or without FFT-based functions
Occupied Bandwidth (OBW) (according to [i.14] Article 1.153): "The width of a frequency band such that, below
the lower and above the upper frequency limits, the mean powers emitted are each equal to a specified percentage 0.5%
of the total mean power of a given emission."
Spectrum Analyser (SA): measurement instrument to assess the spectrum's shape and energy content of the signal at
its input
3.2 Symbols
Void.
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ADC Analog-to-Digital Converter
AM Amplitude Modulation
AV Average
BW Bandwidth
CEPT European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations
CISPR Comité International Spécial des Perturbations Radioélectriques (International Special Committee
on Radio Interference)
CR Trace mode clear write
CW Continuous Wave
DC Duty Cycle
DUT Device Under Test
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropic radiated power
EC European Commission
ECC Electronic Communications Committee of CEPT
EMC Electromagnetic Compatibility
EMI Electromagnetic Interference
EU European Union
EUT Equipment Under Test
FCC Federal Communications Commission
FFT Fast Fourier Transform
IF Intermediate Frequency
ISM Industrial, Scientific and Medical
KDB Knowledge Database
LO Local Oscillator
LPR Level Probing Radar
MH Maxhold
OBW Occupied Bandwidth
OFDM Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing
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9 ETSI TR 103 581 V1.1.1 (2019-11)
PEP Peak Envelope Power
PK Peak
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
QAM Quadrature Amplitude Modulation
QP Quasi Peak
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RC Resistor-Capacitor
REC Recommendation
RF Radio Frequency
RMS Root Mean Square
RMS-AV RMS-Average
RTA RealTime spectrum Analyser (FFT based)
SA Spectrum Analyser
SINAD Signal-to-Interference ratio including Noise And Distortion
SRD Short Range Devices
SRdoc System Reference document
SRR Short Range Radar
SWT Sweeptime
SZ Spectrum analyser Zero span
TGSRR Tasks Group Short Range Radar
Ton Time period when the signal is switched on
Toff Time period when the signal is switched off
UWB Ultra-WideBand
VBW Video Bandwidth
WGFM Working Group Frequency Management
WGRM Working Group Radio Matters
WGSE Working Group Spectrum Engineering
4 Regulatory requirements
4.0 General
Clause 4 provides an overview on the current practice on the consideration of the measurement detectors in ETSI and
CEPT, before an in-depth analysis of measurement detectors and measurement instruments is offered in clauses 5, 6 and
7.
4.1 Overview
A common European process from the idea of a new radio system to the harmonised standard with measurement
procedures (ETSI, CEPT, EC) is shortly summarized in Table 1. Table 1 also includes some indication on the
importance of a measurement detector in the different steps.
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10 ETSI TR 103 581 V1.1.1 (2019-11)
Table 1: The importance of a measurement detector
A new radio systems is described in a System Reference The measurement detector is usually
ETSI SRdoc Document (SRdoc) by ETSI to trigger the rule-making in not considered in the SRdoc
CEPT.
CEPT considers the SRdoc in Working Group Frequency The compatibility studies do seldom
Management (WGFM) and will typically first request the contain information on the
Working Group Spectrum Engineering (WGSE) to conduct measurement detectors
compatibility studies. WGSE analyses then if the new radio
CEPT
systems can coexist with existing systems and will publish
Compatibility
their results in an ECC Report; these studies are
studies
considering more and more the probability of interference
by using Monte Carlo simulations (e.g. with the open
source software SEAMCAT [i.18]), by observing the time-,
frequency- and spatial domain.
WGFM creates a new regulation based on the WGSE The regulatory limits do seldom
CEPT rule
studies. contain information on the
making
measurement detectors
ETSI may then create a harmonised standard including The measurement detector is an
ETSI harmonised
measurement procedures for the regulatory requirements, essential part for each requirement
standard
that leads to reproducible and stable measurement results.

4.2 Examples of regulations without requirements on detectors
Many frequency regulations only mention the frequency band and the radiated power limit in this band and there is no
information about the measurement detector (and also mostly no details on the measurement bandwidth).
A few popular examples for SRDs from EC Decision 2017/1483/EU [i.4] and ERC Recommendation 70-03 [i.5] are
provided in Table 2.
Table 2: Examples of frequency assignments
without information on measurement detectors from [i.4] and [i.5]
Category of short- Transmit power/field strength/power density limit
Frequency range
range devices
13 553 kHz - 13 567 kHz Inductive devices 42 d ΒμΑ/m at 10 metres
Non-specific short- 25 mW e.r.p.
868 MHz - 868,6 MHz
range devices
Wideband data 100 mW e.i.r.p. and 100 mW/100 kHz e.i.r.p. density
transmission devices applies when frequency hopping modulation is used,
2 400 MHz - 2 483,5 MHz
10 mW/MHz e.i.r.p. density applies when other types of
modulation are used

No requirements on the measurement detector are requested in these cases. What does that mean for the measurement
standard? It is completely up to the ETSI technical bodies to develop appropriate requirements for the measurement
detectors, since there is not common guidance available. The harmonised standards for the equipment in the above
frequency bands are containing for example the following requirements regarding measurement detectors:
• ETSI EN 300 330 [i.6] for 13,56 MHz: Quasi Peak
• ETSI EN 300 220-2 [i.7] for 868 MHz:
- "Unless stated otherwise, an RMS detector shall be used.
- The RBW of the spectrum analyser shall be wide enough to cover the complete power envelope of the
signal of the EUT.
- In the case of non-constant envelope modulation, a peak detector shall be used."
ETSI

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11 ETSI TR 103 581 V1.1.1 (2019-11)
• ETSI EN 300 328 [i.8] for 2,4 GHz:
- "The RF output power is defined as the mean equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) of the
equipment during a transmission burst.
- Use a fast power sensor suitable for 2,4 GHz and capable of minimum 1 MS/s.
- Sample speed 1 MS/s or faster.
- The samples shall represent the RMS power of the signal.
- Between the start and stop times of each individual burst calculate the RMS power over the burst…."
4.3 Examples of regulations with requirements on detectors
4.3.1
...