ETSI TS 105 174-4-1 V1.2.1 (2015-09)

Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Broadband Deployment and Energy Management; Part 4: Access Networks; Sub-part 1: Fixed access networks (excluding cable)

RTS/ATTM-02031

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 02-Sep-2015
• Technical Committee: ATTM AT2 - Infrastructure, Physical Networks & Communication Systems
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 29-Sep-2015
• Completion Date: 03-Sep-2015
• Mandate: M/462

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TS 105 174-4-1 V1.2.1 (2015-09)






TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM);
Broadband Deployment and Energy Management;
Part 4: Access Networks;
Sub-part 1: Fixed access networks (excluding cable)

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2 ETSI TS 105 174-4-1 V1.2.1 (2015-09)



Reference
RTS/ATTM-02031
Keywords
access, cable, optical, site engineering

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3 ETSI TS 105 174-4-1 V1.2.1 (2015-09)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Modal verbs terminology . 4
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 References . 6
2.1 Normative references . 6
2.2 Informative references . 6
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations . 8
3.1 Definitions . 8
3.2 Symbols . 9
3.3 Abbreviations . 9
4 Overview of access network solutions . 11
4.1 Customer access point . 11
4.2 Principal access technologies . 11
4.2.1 Introduction. 11
4.2.2 Metallic Loop . 12
4.2.3 Other metallic-based solutions . 12
4.2.4 Optical Fibre . 12
4.2.4.1 General discussion . 12
4.2.4.2 Fibre To The Cabinet (FTTCab) . 13
4.2.4.3 Fibre To The distribution point (FTTdp) . 14
4.2.4.4 Fibre to the Building (FTTB) . 15
4.2.4.5 Fibre to the Home (FTTH) . 15
4.2.5 Other access technologies . 15
4.3 Up to 400 VDC versus AC . 15
5 Energy efficiency standards and metrics . 16
5.1 Review of activities outside ETSI . 16
5.1.1 Broadband Code of Conduct . 16
5.2 Monitoring of energy management . 16
5.2.1 Generalities . 16
5.2.2 Objective Key Performance Indicators . 17
5.2.2.1 Definitions . 17
5.2.2.2 Energy consumption in FAN sites . 17
5.2.3 Global KPI . 17
5.2.3.1 DC in a site . 17
EM
5.2.3.2 Global KPI (KPI ) for a group of ICT sites . 18
DCEM
Annex A (informative): Relationship between KPI(s) . 20
Annex B (informative): Factors impacting energy efficiency . 21
Annex C (informative): Bibliography . 22
History . 23

ETSI

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4 ETSI TS 105 174-4-1 V1.2.1 (2015-09)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Specification (TS) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Access, Terminals, Transmission
and Multiplexing (ATTM).
The present document is part 4, sub-part 1 of a multi-part deliverable. Full details of the entire series can be found in
part 1 [i.10].
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
Introduction
The increasing interaction between the different elements of the Information Communication Technology (ICT) sector
(hardware, middleware, software, services, etc.) supports the concept of convergence in which:
• a variety of multi-service packages can be delivered over a common infrastructure;
• a variety of infrastructures is able to deliver these packages;
• a single multi-service-package may be delivered over several different infrastructures.
As a result of this convergence, the development of new services, applications and content there is an increasing
demand for bandwidth, reliability, quality and performance. The consequent increase in the demand for energy which
implications for cost and, in some cases, availability. It is therefore important to maximize the energy efficiency of
network equipment at all levels.
New technologies and infrastructure strategies are expected to enable operators to decrease the energy consumption, for
a given level of service, of their existing and future infrastructures thus decreasing their costs. This requires a common
understanding among market participants that only standards can produce.
The present document is Part 4, sub-part 1 of a multi-part set which has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM) in close collaboration with CENELEC via the
Co-ordination Group on Installations and Cabling (CGIC). The document set offers a contribution to the required
standardization process by establishing an initial basis for work on ICT networks and transmission engineering, with
active collaboration from a number of other ETSI and CENELEC Technical Bodies. When complete, the document set
contains information that has been jointly evolved to present developments in installations and transmission
implementation, and describing their progress towards energy efficiency in next generation networks (NGN).
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5 ETSI TS 105 174-4-1 V1.2.1 (2015-09)
The present document analyses the work on Fixed Access Networks whilst details of each of the other parts of the
document set can be found in Part 1 [i.10]. Clearly the energy efficiencies of Operator Sites, Data Centres, the Core
Networks and Customer Network Infrastructures are also important in maximizing the end-to-end energy efficiency of
broadband communications and these issues are covered in other parts of the document set. However, Access Networks
differ from the other network components in that they are likely to include a very large number of locations each
consuming a relatively low amount of energy. Not only do such small installations tend to be inefficient in their power
utilization but when multiplied by their number, their total energy usage becomes considerable. Thus any energy saving
which can be achieved becomes significant when the number of sites is taken into account.

ETSI

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6 ETSI TS 105 174-4-1 V1.2.1 (2015-09)
1 Scope
The present document details measures which may be taken to improve the energy efficiency of access networks for
broadband deployment. The present document:
• identifies the standardization bodies working on diverse aspects of the access networks infrastructures
interfaces, cabling, installation, operation, etc.;
• outlines some of the principal access network topographies and their differences in respect of energy
consumption;
• provides strategic analysis of energy consumption trends within access networks.
This enables the proper implementation of services, applications and content on an energy efficient infrastructure,
though it is not the goal of the present document to provide detailed standardized solutions for network architecture.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] "EC Code of Conduct on Energy Consumption of Broadband Equipment" V5.
[i.2] Recommendation ITU-T G.984.1 (03/2008): "Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (GPON):
General characteristics".
[i.3] Recommendation ITU-T G.984.2 (03/2008): "Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (GPON):
Physical Media Dependent (PMD) layer specification".
[i.4] Recommendation ITU-T G.984.3 (04/2012): "Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (GPON):
Transmission convergence layer specification".
[i.5] Recommendation ITU-T G.984.5 (10/2009): "Enhancement band for gigabit capable optical access
networks".
[i.6] Recommendation ITU-T G.984.6 (05/2012): "Gigabit-capable passive optical networks (GPON):
Reach extension".
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7 ETSI TS 105 174-4-1 V1.2.1 (2015-09)
[i.7] Recommendation ITU-T G.992.1 (03/2003): "Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL)
transceivers - Annex A: Specific requirements for an ADSL system operating in the frequency
band above POTS".
[i.8] Recommendation ITU-T G.992.3 (06/2008): "Asymmetric digital subscriber line transceivers 2
(ADSL2) - Annex J: All digital mode ADSL with improved spectral compatibility with ADSL
over ISDN".
[i.9] Recommendation ITU-T G.992.5 (01/2009): "Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL)
transceivers - Extended bandwidth ADSL2 (ADSL2plus)".
[i.10] ETSI TS 105 174-1: "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Broadband
Deployment and Energy Management; Part 1: Overview, common and generic aspects".
[i.11] Recommendation ITU-T G.987.1 (04/2012): "10 Gigabit-capable passive optical networks
(XG-PON): General requirements".
[i.12] Recommendation ITU-T G.987.2 (02/2012): "10-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks
(XG-PON): Physical media dependent (PMD) layer specification".
[i.13] Recommendation ITU-T G.987.3 (06/2012): "10-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks
(XG-PON): Transmission convergence (TC) layer specification".
[i.14] Recommendation ITU-T G.987.4 (06/2012): "10-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks
(XG-PON): Reach Extension".
[i.15] Recommendation ITU-T G.989.1 (03/2013): "40-Gigabit-capable passive optical networks
(NG-PON2): General requirements".
[i.16] Recommendation ITU-T G.985 (01/2009): "100 Mbit/s point-to-point Ethernet based optical
access system".
[i.17] Recommendation ITU-T G.986 (01/2009): "1 Gbit/s point-to-point Ethernet-based optical access
system".
[i.18] ETSI GS OEU 012: "Operational energy Efficiency for Users (OEU); Technical Global KPIs for
Fixed Access Networks".
[i.19] ETSI EN 300 132 series: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications and datacom (ICT) equipment".
[i.20] ETSI EN 300 132-3-1: "Environmental Engineering (EE); Power supply interface at the input to
telecommunications and datacom (ICT) equipment; Part 3: Operated by rectified current source,
alternating current source or direct current source up to 400 V; Sub-part 1: Direct current source
up to 400 V".
[i.21] ETSI TS 105 174-2: "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Broadband
Deployment and Energy Management Part 2: ICT sites".
[i.22] IEEE 802.3-2012 - "IEEE Standard for Ethernet".
[i.23] IEEE 802.11-2012 - "IEEE Standard for Information technology--Telecommunications and
information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific
requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)
Specifications".
[i.24] ETSI ES 205 200-3: "Access, Terminals, Transmission and Multiplexing (ATTM); Energy
management; Global KPIs; Operational infrastructures; Part 3: Global KPIs of ICT Sites".
ETSI

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8 ETSI TS 105 174-4-1 V1.2.1 (2015-09)
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
access circuit: telecommunications circuit connecting the operator site to the subscriber's premises
access network: part of the network that is deemed to include the last active component at the relevant operator site and
the first active element at the subscriber's premises
access point: termination point on a telecommunications network allowing access by nomadic devices to obtain
telecommunications services to which they have subscribed elsewhere
active element: network component that requires externally supplied electric power to enable it to perform its network
function
community network: communications network, usually wireless, established by and for a local community often to
compensate for lack of publicly available access to relevant facilities
customer: person or entity using a telecommunications service and who may or may not be the subscriber
Digital Access Carrier System (DACS): 0+2 pair gain system providing two separate telephone lines over one copper
pair using digital technology
Digital Subscribers Line (xDSL): access circuit over which information is carried in a digital format and where the
upstream and downstream transmission rates may be the symmetrical (SDSL) or asymmetrical (ADSL)
energy consumption: measure of the energy consumed by the operation of the electronic devices necessary to provide
a specific communications service
enterprise network: network established by a large company or similar enterprise to serve its internal
telecommunications needs with connectivity to one or more public networks
Ethernet: frame-based local area networking technology standardized as IEEE 802.3 [i.22]
fibre to the cabinet: optical fibre distribution network providing connectivity from the network operator's site to a
shared distribution node close to the end-user's premises
firewall: security measure designed to prevent unauthorized electronic access to a networked computer system
flexibility point: device in the access network where access circuits can be configured to their intended destination by
cross connecting metallic pairs
home network: network that supports and distributes within the home, those services to which a customer subscribes
intrusion detection system: mechanism by which any attempt by an unauthorized user or terminal to gain access to a
communications network is detected
meshed network: communications network, usually wireless, in which every node has connectivity with a number of
other nodes thus enabling a variety of possible communication paths between nodes
network gateway: device which will enable the interconnecting of two networks which inherently use different and
incompatible protocols
packet: information block identified by a label at layer 3 of the OSI reference model
peripheral: peripheral is a device attached to a host computer whose primary functionality is dependent upon the host,
and which expands the host's capabilities, but is not part of the core architecture of the system
point-to-multi-point: communications link operating between a network operator's site and a number of other locations
point-to-point: communications link operating between two, usually fixed, locations
service: provision of a defined functionality in a computer systems or telecommunications environment
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9 ETSI TS 105 174-4-1 V1.2.1 (2015-09)
sub-loop: secondary access circuit from a street cabinet or similar access node used to deliver one or more services to a
customer
subscriber: person or entity responsible for paying for a telecommunications service
Subscribers Loop Carrier (SLC): equipment providing multiple telephone circuits over one or two standard
subscriber's telephone lines (see also DACS)
triple play (telecommunications): provision of cable TV, telephony and broadband data as a combined service
offering, possibly using a single bearer medium
Watt (W): unit of power, the rate at which work is done; in electrical terms it is the product of the supply voltage
(volts) and the current passed (amps)
Watt-hour (Wh): unit of energy used or work done; the product of the rate at which work is done and the time for
which it done
NOTE: The terms "Watt" and "Watt-hour" are frequently confused.
WiFi: technology defined by the IEEE 802.11 standards [i.23]
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
DC Data Centre Gauge
G
DC Data Centre Performance
P
EC Total of energy consumptions by a data centre over a year
DC
EC Consumption of locally generated electricity based on fossil energy
FEN
EC Total of energy consumptions by equipment processing data, for purposes of calculating, storing
HE
or transporting, over a year
EC Consumption of locally generated electricity based on renewable sources
REN
EC Total of energy consumption from reused energy
REUSE
EER Energy Efficiency Ratio expressed as thermal kWh extracted by one electrical kWh
KPI Global KPI for data centre energy management
DCEM
KPI Objective KPI for "Energy Consumption"
EC
Objective KPI for "Renewable Energy"
KPI
REN
KPI Objective KPI for "Energy Reuse"
REUSE
KPI Objective KPI for "Task Efficiency"
TE
W Mitigation factor for KPI
REN REN
W Mitigation factor for KPI
REUSE REUSE
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
AC Alternative Current
ADSL Asymmetrical Digital Subscribers Line
NOTE: See Recommendation ITU-T G.992.1 [i.7].
ADSL2 Second generation ADSL with extended upstream bandwidth
NOTE: See Recommendation ITU-T G.992.3 [i.8].
ADSL2+ Second generation ADSL with extended downstream bandwidth
NOTE: See Recommendation ITU-T G.992.5 [i.9].
BEF Building Entrance Facility
CATV Cable Television
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10 ETSI TS 105 174-4-1 V1.2.1 (2015-09)
CGIC Co-ordination Group on Installations and Cabling
CO Central Office
CPE Customer Premises Equipment
DACS Digital Access Carrier System
NOTE: See also SLC.
DC Data Centre
DCEM Dataprocessing and Communication Energy Management
DPU Distribution Point unit
NOTE: ONU for FTTdp architectures.
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
EC European Commission
EE Environmental Engineering
EMC Electro Magnetic Compatibility
ENTI External Network Test Interface
FAN Fixed Access Node
FDM Frequency Division Multiplex
FTTB Fibre To The Building
FTTC Fibre To The Curb
FTTCab Fibre To The Cabinet
FTTdp Fibre To The distribution point
FTTD Fibre To The Door
FTTH Fibre To The Home
GPON Gigabit Passive Optical Network
HD Home Distribution
HEF Home Entrance Facility
HFC Hybrid Fibre Coaxial
ICT Information and Communications Technology
IEEE Institution of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (USA)
ISDN Integrated Services Digital Network
ISG Industry Specification Group
ITU International Telecommunications Union
ITU-T ITU's Telecommunication standardization sector
KPI Key Performance Indicator
KPIEC Key Performance Indicator Energy Consumption
KPIECG Key Performance Indicator total consumption of energy by the Group
LT Line Termination
NGN Next Generation Network
NTP Network Termination Point
OIE Operator Independent Equipment
OLT Optical Line Terminal
ONT Optical Network Termination for single user residential users (FTTH)
ONU Optical Network Unit for collective or in case of secondary transmission (e.g.: DSL)
OSE Operator Specific Equipment
PON Passive Optical Network
POTS Plain Old Telephone Service
PUE Power Usage Effectiveness
RPF Reverse Power Feeding
SDSL Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line
SLC Subscribers Line Carrier (system)
NOTE: See also DACS.
TDM Time Division Multiplex
UPS Uninterruptible Power Supply
VAC Voltage in an Alternating Current
VDC Voltage in a Direct Current
VDSL Very high-speed Digital Subscriber Line
VHBB Very High BroadBand
W Watt
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Distribution Distribution
 11 ETSI TS 105 174-4-1 V1.2.1 (2015-09)
WDM Wavelength Division Multiplex
Wh Watt hour
xDSL Digital Subscriber Line (generic title)
XG-PON 10 Gigabit Passive Optical Network
4 Overview of access network solutions
4.1 Customer access point
For the purposes of the present document, the access network is deemed to include the last active component at the
relevant operator site and the first active element at the subscriber's premises. The connection between the operator's
access network and the home distributor as shown in figure 1 (or the equivalent in non-generic cabling) is provided by
network access cabling and some type of network telecommunication equipment.
Network access cabling
in EN 50173-x standards
Access network
OIE ENTI
Service interface
OSE ENTI
Service
interface

Figure 1: Network access cabling and equipment
The access network normally includes a Network Termination Point (NTP) at the customer's premises. In the case of a
broadband connection this typically comprises a passive interface (ENTI) and an optional item of apparatus. The
apparatus may either be specific to the network operator (OSE) such as CATV modems or FTTH modems.
Some OSE may have functionality beyond that which is strictly necessary to provide adequate service termination. For
example, a DSL or cable modem may have an inbuilt router or WiFi terminal. When determining the energy efficiency
in these cases, it has to be determined how to identify what proportion of the total power requirement of the device
should be taken into account for the purposes of the calculation.
4.2 Principal access technologies
4.2.1 Introduction
Clause 4.2 examines the principal access network topologies used for the delivery of NGN services and describes them
in sufficient detail to define their typical power requirements. It should be appreciated that each of the topographies to
be described has a number of variants.
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12 ETSI TS 105 174-4-1 V1.2.1 (2015-09)
4.2.2 Metallic Loop
The traditional access network or local
...