ETSI EN 302 372-1 V1.1.1 (2006-01)

Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Equipment for Detection and Movement; Tanks Level Probing Radar (TLPR) operating in the frequency bands 5,8 GHz, 10 GHz, 25 GHz, 61 GHz and 77 GHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods

DEN/ERM-TGTLPR-0113-1

Elektromagnetna združljivost in zadeve v zvezi z radijskim spektrom (ERM) – Naprave kratkega dosega (SRD) – Oprema za odkrivanje in premikanje – Radar za sondiranje nivoja v rezervoarjih (TLPR), ki deluje v frekvenčnih pasovih 5,8 GHz, 10 GHz, 25 GHz, 61 GHz in 77 GHz – 1. del: Tehnične karakteristike in preskusne metode

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 02-Apr-2006
• Technical Committee: ERM TGTLPR - Tank Level Probing Radar
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 10-Apr-2006
• Completion Date: 03-Apr-2006
• Ref Project: SIST EN 302 372-1 V1.1.1:2006 - Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Equipment for Detection and Movement; Tanks Level Probing Radar (TLPR) operating in the frequency bands 5,8 GHz, 10 GHz, 25 GHz, 61 GHz and 77 GHz; Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods

Standards Content (Sample)

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2006
(OHNWURPDJQHWQD]GUXåOMLYRVWLQ]DGHYHY]YH]L]UDGLMVNLPVSHNWURP(50±
1DSUDYHNUDWNHJDGRVHJD65'±2SUHPD]DRGNULYDQMHLQSUHPLNDQMH±5DGDU]D
VRQGLUDQMHQLYRMDYUH]HUYRDUMLK7/35NLGHOXMHYIUHNYHQþQLKSDVRYLK*+]
*+]*+]*+]LQ*+]±GHO7HKQLþQHNDUDNWHULVWLNHLQSUHVNXVQH
PHWRGH
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices
(SRD); Equipment for Detection and Movement; Tanks Level Probing Radar (TLPR)
operating in the frequency bands 5,8 GHz, 10 GHz, 25 GHz, 61 GHz and 77 GHz; Part
1: Technical characteristics and test methods
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 302 372-1 Version 1.1.1
ICS:
33.060.20 Sprejemna in oddajna Receiving and transmitting
oprema equipment
33.100.01 Elektromagnetna združljivost Electromagnetic compatibility
na splošno in general
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

ETSI EN 302 372-1 V1.1.1 (2006-04)
European Standard (Telecommunications series)

Electromagnetic compatibility
and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Short Range Devices (SRD);
Equipment for Detection and Movement;
Tanks Level Probing Radar (TLPR) operating in the
frequency bands 5,8 GHz, 10 GHz, 25 GHz, 61 GHz and 77 GHz;
Part 1: Technical characteristics and test methods

2 ETSI EN 302 372-1 V1.1.1 (2006-04)

Reference
DEN/ERM-TGTLPR-0113-1
Keywords
EHF, radar, regulation, SHF, short range, SRD,
testing, UWB
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ETSI
3 ETSI EN 302 372-1 V1.1.1 (2006-04)
Contents
Intellectual Property Rights.5
Foreword.5
1 Scope.6
2 References.6
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations .7
3.1 Definitions.7
3.2 Symbols.8
3.3 Abbreviations.8
4 Technical requirements specifications.9
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes.9
4.2 Choice of model for testing .9
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design.9
4.3.1 Marking (equipment identification).9
4.3.1.1 Equipment identification.9
4.4 Auxiliary test equipment .9
4.5 General requirements for RF cables .10
4.6 Interpretation of the measurement results .10
4.6.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum acceptable uncertainty.10
4.6.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than maximum acceptable uncertainty.10
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient temperatures .11
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions .11
5.2 External test power source.11
5.3 Normal test conditions.11
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity.11
5.3.2 Normal test power source .11
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage.11
5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power source.12
5.3.2.3 Other power sources.12
5.4 Extreme test conditions .12
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures.12
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures.12
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges.12
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages.12
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage.12
5.4.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power source.12
5.4.2.3 Other power sources.12
6 General conditions.13
6.1 Radiated measurement arrangements.13
6.2 Measuring receiver.13
7 Measurement uncertainty.13
8 Methods of measurement and limits.14
8.1 Frequency band of operation.14
8.1.1 Definition.14
8.1.2 Method of measurement.14
8.1.3 Limits.15
8.2 Duty cycle.15
8.2.1 Duty cycle resulting from application.15
8.2.2 Duty cycle resulting from modulation .16
8.2.2.1 Method of measurement.16
8.3 Equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.) .16
8.3.1 Definition.16
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4 ETSI EN 302 372-1 V1.1.1 (2006-04)
8.3.2 Method of measurement.16
8.3.3 Limits.18
8.4 Emissions.18
8.4.1 Definition.18
8.4.2 Method of measurement.18
8.4.3 Limits.20
Annex A (normative): Radiated measurement.21
A.1 Test sites and general arrangements for measurements involving the use of radiated fields.21
A.1.1 Anechoic Chamber.21
A.1.2 Anechoic Chamber with a conductive ground plane.22
A.1.3 Open Area Test Site (OATS) .23
A.1.4 Test antenna.24
A.1.5 Substitution antenna.24
A.1.6 Measuring antenna.25
A.2 Guidance on the use of radiation test sites .25
A.2.1 Verification of the test site .25
A.2.2 Preparation of the EUT.25
A.2.3 Power supplies to the EUT.25
A.2.4 Range length.25
A.2.5 Site preparation.26
A.3 Coupling of signals.27
A.3.1 General.27
Annex B (normative): Installation requirements of Tank Level Probing Radar (TLPR)
Equipment .28
Annex C (informative): Measurement antenna and preamplifier specifications .29
Annex D (informative): Electromagnetic leakage from a EUT.30
D.1 General.30
D.2 Survey of sources of leakage.30
Annex E (normative): Requirements on Test Tank.32
Annex F (informative): Practical test distances for accurate measurements .33
F.1 Introduction.33
F.2 Conventional near-field measurements distance limit .33
F.3 Near-field conditions outside a test tank .33
History .34

ETSI
5 ETSI EN 302 372-1 V1.1.1 (2006-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://webapp.etsi.org/IPR/home.asp).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This European Standard (Telecommunications series) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee
Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM).
For non-EU countries, the present document may be used for regulatory (Type Approval) purposes.
The present document is part 1 of a multi-part deliverable covering Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum
Matters (ERM); Short Range Devices (SRD); Equipment for Detection and Movement; Tanks Level Probing Radar
(TLPR) operating in the frequency bands 5,8 GHz, 10 GHz, 25 GHz, 61 GHz and 77 GHz, as identified below:
Part 1: "Technical characteristics and test methods";
Part 2: "Harmonized EN under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".

National transposition dates
Date of adoption of this EN: 24 March 2006
Date of latest announcement of this EN (doa): 30 June 2006
Date of latest publication of new National Standard
or endorsement of this EN (dop/e): 31 December 2006
Date of withdrawal of any conflicting National Standard (dow): 31 December 2006

ETSI
6 ETSI EN 302 372-1 V1.1.1 (2006-04)
1 Scope
The present document specifies the requirements for Tank Level Probing Radar (TLPR) applications based on pulse RF,
FMCW, or similar wideband techniques, operating in the following frequency bands or part hereof:
• 4,5 GHz to 7 GHz;
• 8,5 GHz to 10,6 GHz;
• 24,05 GHz to 27 GHz;
• 57 GHz to 64 GHz;
• 75 GHz to 85 GHz.
TLPRs are used for tank level measurement applications.
The scope is limited to TLPRs operating as Short Range Devices, in which the devices are installed in closed metallic
tanks or reinforced concrete tanks, or similar enclosure structures made of comparable attenuating material, holding a
substance, liquid or powder.
The radar applications in the present document are not intended for communications purposes. Their intended usage
excludes any intended radiation into free space.
The present document applies to TLPRs radiating RF signals directly from the tank top downwards to the surface of a
substance contained in a closed tank. Any radiation outside of the tank is caused by leakage and is considered as
unintentional emission. It applies only to TLPRs fitted with dedicated antennas. The present document does not
necessarily include all the characteristics, which may be required by a user, nor does it necessarily represent the
optimum performance achievable.
The present document contains the technical characteristics and test methods for TLPR applications and references
CEPT/ERC Recommendation for SRDs, CEPT/ERC/Recommendation 70-03 [1].
2 References
The following documents contain provisions which, through reference in this text, constitute provisions of the present
document.
• References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific.
• For a specific reference, subsequent revisions do not apply.
• For a non-specific reference, the latest version applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
[1] CEPT/ERC/Recommendation 70-03: "Relating to the use of Short Range Devices (SRD)".
[2] CISPR 16: "Specification for radio disturbance and immunity measuring apparatus and methods".
[3] ETSI TR 102 215: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Recommended approach, and possible limits for measurement uncertainty for the measurement of
radiated electromagnetic fields above 1 GHz".
[4] ANSI C63.5 (2004): "American National Standard for Electromagnetic Compatibility-Radiated
Emission Measurements in Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) Control-Calibration of Antennas
(9 kHz to 40 GHz)".
ETSI
7 ETSI EN 302 372-1 V1.1.1 (2006-04)
[5] ETSI TR 102 273 (all parts): "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM);
Improvement on Radiated Methods of Measurement (using test site) and evaluation of the
corresponding measurement uncertainties".
[6] ETSI EN 302 372-2: "Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters (ERM); Short
Range Devices (SRD); Equipment for Detection and Movement; Tanks Level Probing Radar
(TLPR) operating in the frequency bands 5,8 GHz, 10 GHz, 25 GHz, 61 GHz and 77 GHz; Part 2:
Harmonized EN under article 3.2 of the R&TTE Directive".
3 Definitions, symbols and abbreviations
3.1 Definitions
For the purposes of the present document, the following terms and definitions apply:
dedicated antenna: antenna that is designed as an indispensable part of the equipment
Device Under Test (DUT): TLPR under test without a test tank
duty cycle: ratio of the total on time of the transmitter to the total time in any one-hour period reflecting normal
operational mode
emissions: signals that leaked or are scattered into the air within the frequency range (that includes harmonics) which
depend on equipment's frequency band of operation
NOTE: For TLPRs there is no intended emission outside the tank.
Equipment Under Test (EUT): TLPR under test mounted on a test tank
equivalent isotropically radiated power (e.i.r.p.): total power transmitted, assuming an isotropic radiator
NOTE: e.i.r.p. is conventionally the product of "power into the antenna" and "antenna gain". e.i.r.p. is used for
both peak and average power.
Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar: radar where the transmitter power is fairly constant but
possibly zero during periods giving a big duty cycle (such as 0,1 to 1)
NOTE: The frequency is modulated in some way giving a very wideband spectrum with a power versus time
variation which is clearly not pulsed.
integral antenna: permanent fixed antenna, which may be built-in, designed as an indispensable part of the equipment
operating frequency (operating centre frequency): nominal frequency at which equipment is operated
pulsed radar (or here simply "pulsed TLPR"): radar where the transmitter signal has a microwave power consisting
of short RF pulses
power spectral density (psd): amount of the total power inside the measuring receiver bandwidth
expressed in dBm/MHz
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF): inverse of the Pulse Repetition Interval, averaged over a sufficiently long time to
cover all PRF variations
radiated measurements: measurements that involve the absolute measurement of a radiated field
radiation: signals emitted intentionally inside a tank for level measurements
ETSI
8 ETSI EN 302 372-1 V1.1.1 (2006-04)
3.2 Symbols
For the purposes of the present document, the following symbols apply:
f Frequency
f Frequency at which the emission is the peak power at maximum
C
f Highest frequency of the frequency band of operation
H
f Lowest frequency of the frequency band of operation
L
t Time
k Boltzmann constant
T Temperature
G Efficient antenna gain of radiating structure
G Declared measurement antenna gain
a
d Largest dimension of the antenna aperture of the TLPR
d Largest dimension of the DUT/dipole after substitution (m)
d Largest dimension of the test antenna (m)
D Duty cycle
D Duty cycle determined by the users transmission time
U
D Duty cycle determined by the transmitters modulation type
X
P Output power of the signal generator measured by power meter
s
Δf Bandwidth
X Minimum radial distance (m) between the DUT and the test antenna
λ Wavelength
3.3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
dB deciBel
dBi antenna gain in deciBels relative to an isotropic antenna
DUT Device Under Test
e.i.r.p. equivalent isotropically radiated power
EMC ElectroMagnetic Compatibility
ERC European Radiocommunication Committee
EUT Equipment Under Test
FMCW Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave
LNA Low Noise Amplifier
OATS Open Area Test Site
ppm parts per million
PRF Pulse Repetition Frequency
PSD Power Spectral Density
R&TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
RBW Resolution BandWidth
RF Radio Frequency
SA Spectrum Analyser
SRD Short Range Device
TLPR Tank Level Probing Radar
Tx Transmitter
VBW Video BandWidth
VSWR Voltage Standing Wave Ratio
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9 ETSI EN 302 372-1 V1.1.1 (2006-04)
4 Technical requirements specifications
4.1 Presentation of equipment for testing purposes
Equipment submitted for testing, where applicable, shall fulfil the requirements of the present document on all
frequencies over which it is intended to operate.
The provider shall submit one or more samples of the equipment as appropriate for testing.
Additionally, technical documentation and operating manuals, sufficient to allow testing to be performed, shall be
supplied.
The performance of the equipment submitted for testing shall be representative of the performance of the corresponding
production model. In order to avoid any ambiguity in that assessment, the present document contains instructions for the
presentation of equipment for testing purposes (clause 4), conditions of testing (clauses 5 and 6) and the measurement
methods (clause 8).
The provider shall offer equipment complete with any auxiliary equipment needed for testing. The provider shall also
submit a suitable test tank, as described in annex E.
The provider shall declare the frequency range(s), the range of operation conditions and power requirements, as
applicable, in order to establish the appropriate test conditions.
4.2 Choice of model for testing
If an equipment has several optional features, considered not to affect the RF parameters then the tests need only to be
performed on the equipment configured with that combination of features considered to create the highest unintentional
emissions outside the tank structure.
In addition, when a device has the capability of using different dedicated antennas, tank connections or other features
that affect the RF parameters, at least the worst combination of features from an emission point of view as agreed
between the provider and the test laboratory shall be tested.
The choice of model(s) for testing shall be recorded in the test report.
4.3 Mechanical and electrical design
The equipment submitted by the provider shall be designed, constructed and manufactured in accordance with good
engineering practice and with the aim of minimizing harmful interference to other equipment and services.
4.3.1 Marking (equipment identification)
The equipment shall be marked in a visible place. This marking shall be legible and durable. Where this is not possible
due to physical constraints, the marking shall be included in the user's manual.
4.3.1.1 Equipment identification
The marking shall include as a minimum:
• the name of the manufacturer or his trademark;
• the type designation.
4.4 Auxiliary test equipment
All necessary test signal sources, set-up information, and the test tank shall accompany the equipment when it is
submitted for testing.
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10 ETSI EN 302 372-1 V1.1.1 (2006-04)
4.5 General requirements for RF cables
Due to the low power levels involved in the measurements, all RF cables including their connectors at both ends used
within the measurement arrangements and set-ups shall be of coaxial or waveguide type featuring within the frequency
range they are used:
• a nominal characteristic impedance of 50 Ω;
• a VSWR of less than 1,2 at either end;
• a shielding loss in excess of 60 dB.
4.6 Interpretation of the measurement results
The interpretation of the results recorded on the appropriate test report for the measurements described in the present
document shall be as follows:
• the measured value relating to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether an equipment meets the
requirements of the present document;
• the measurement uncertainty value for the measurement of each parameter shall be included in the test report.
The measurement uncertainty is explained in clause 7. Additionally, the interpretation of the measured results
depending on the measurement uncertainty is described in clauses 4.6.1 and 4.6.2.
4.6.1 Measurement uncertainty is equal to or less than maximum
acceptable uncertainty
The interpretation of the results when comparing measurement values with specification limits shall be as follows:
a) when the measured value does not exceed the limit value the equipment under test meets the requirements of
the present document;
b) when the measured value exceeds the limit value the equipment under test does not meet the requirements of
the present document;
c) the measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician carrying out the measurement should be
recorded in the test report;
d) the measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician may be a maximum value for a range of values
of measurement, or may be the measurement uncertainty for the specific measurement undertaken. The
method used should be recorded in the test report.
4.6.2 Measurement uncertainty is greater than maximum acceptable
uncertainty
The interpretation of the results when comparing measurement values with specification limits should be as follows:
a) when the measured value plus the difference between the maximum acceptable measurement uncertainty and
the measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician does not exceed the limit value the equipment
under test meets the requirements of the present document;
b) when the measured value plus the difference between the maximum acceptable measurement uncertainty and
the measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician exceeds the limit value the equipment under test
does not meet the requirements of the present document;
c) the measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician carrying out the measurement should be
recorded in the test report;
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11 ETSI EN 302 372-1 V1.1.1 (2006-04)
d) the measurement uncertainty calculated by the test technician may be a maximum value for a range of values
of measurement, or may be the measurement uncertainty for the specific measurement undertaken. The
method used should be recorded in the test report.
5 Test conditions, power sources and ambient
temperatures
5.1 Normal and extreme test conditions
Testing shall be made under normal test conditions, and where stated, under extreme test conditions.
The test conditions and procedures shall be as specified in clauses 5.2 to 5.4.
5.2 External test power source
During tests, the power source of the equipment shall be an external test power source, capable of producing normal and
extreme test voltages. The internal impedance of the external test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the
test results to be negligible.
The test voltage shall be measured at the point of connection of the power cable to the equipment.
During tests, the external test power source voltages shall be within a tolerance of ±1 % relative to the voltage at the
beginning of each test. The level of this tolerance can be critical for certain measurements. Using a smaller tolerance
provides a reduced uncertainty level for these measurements.
5.3 Normal test conditions
5.3.1 Normal temperature and humidity
The normal temperature and humidity conditions for tests shall be any convenient combination of temperature and
humidity within the following ranges:
• temperature: +15°C to +35°C;
• relative humidity: 20 % to 75 %.
When it is impracticable to carry out tests under these conditions, a note to this effect, stating the ambient temperature
and relative humidity during the tests, shall be added to the test report.
5.3.2 Normal test power source
The internal impedance of the test power source shall be low enough for its effect on the test results to be negligible.
For the purpose of the tests, the voltage of the external test power source shall be measured at the input terminals of the
equipment.
5.3.2.1 Mains voltage
The normal test voltage for equipment to be connected to the mains shall be the nominal mains voltage. For the purpose
of the present document, the nominal voltage shall be the declared voltage, or any of the declared voltages, for which
the equipment was designed.
The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 Hz and 51 Hz.
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12 ETSI EN 302 372-1 V1.1.1 (2006-04)
5.3.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power source
When the radio equipment is intended for operation with the usual types of regulated lead-acid battery power source,
the normal test voltage shall be 1,1 multiplied by the nominal voltage of the battery (e.g. 6 V, 12 V, etc.).
5.3.2.3 Other power sources
For operation from power sources or types of battery other than lead acid (primary or secondary), the normal test
voltage and frequency shall be that declared by the provider. Such values shall be stated in the test report.
5.4 Extreme test conditions
5.4.1 Extreme temperatures
5.4.1.1 Procedure for tests at extreme temperatures
Before measurements are made, the equipment shall have reached thermal balance in the test chamber. The equipment
shall not be switched off during the temperature-stabilizing period.
In the case of equipment containing temperature stabilization circuits designed to operate continuously, the temperature
stabilization circuits shall be switched on for 15 minutes after thermal balance has been obtained, and the equipment
shall then meet the specified requirements.
If the thermal balance is not checked by measurements, a temperature-stabilizing period of at least one hour, or such
period as may be decided by the accredited test laboratory, shall be allowed. The sequence of measurements shall be
chosen, and the humidity content in the test chamber shall be controlled so that excessive condensation does not occur.
5.4.1.2 Extreme temperature ranges
For tests at extreme temperatures, measurements shall be made in accordance with the procedures specified in
clause 5.4.1.1, at the upper and lower temperatures at following temperature range as a minimum requirement:
• Temperature: -20 °C to +55 °C.
For special applications, the manufacturer can specify a different temperature range than given as a minimum above.
This shall be reflected in manufacturer's product literature.
The test report shall state which range is used.
5.4.2 Extreme test source voltages
5.4.2.1 Mains voltage
The extreme test voltages for equipment to be connected to an ac mains source shall be the nominal mains voltage
±10 %.
The frequency of the test power source corresponding to the ac mains shall be between 49 Hz and 51 Hz.
5.4.2.2 Regulated lead-acid battery power source
The extreme test voltages for equipment shall be the nominal voltage ±10 %.
5.4.2.3 Other power sources
For equipment using other power sources than lead acid, or capable of being operated from a variety of power sources,
the extreme test voltages shall be that declared by the provider. These shall be recorded in the test report.
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13 ETSI EN 302 372-1 V1.1.1 (2006-04)
6 General conditions
6.1 Radiated measurement arrangements
Detailed descriptions of the radiated measurement arrangements are included in annex A. In general, measurements
shall be carried out under far field conditions. The far field condition requires a minimum radial distance "X" that shall
2 2
be a minimum of 2d /λ , where d = largest dimension of the antenna aperture. An equivalent formulation of 2d /λ is
0,2 λG where G is the efficient antenna gain of the radiating structure. The diffuse emission outside of the tank has a
low gain G (~ a few dB) and thus measurements on a small distance does not violate the 2d /λ condition in spite of

rather big size of tank, for further details see annex F.
Absolute power measurements shall be made only in the far field. The test site shall meet the appropriate requirements
as defined in published guidelines/standards (e.g. for OATS, the requirements are described in CISPR 16 [2]).
It may not be possible to measure at the power limits without low-noise amplification to reduce the overall noise figure
of the overall measurement system at a separation of approximately 3 meters in an RF quiet environment. A move to
lower separation distance may be required since the instrumentation noise floor should be below the limit within the
instrument bandwidth.
6.2 Measuring receiver
The term "measuring receiver" refers to a spectrum analyser. The reference bandwidth of the measuring receiver as
defined in CISPR 16 [2] shall be as given in table 1.
Table 1: Reference bandwidth of measuring receiver
Frequency being measured: f Spectrum analyser bandwidth (3 dB)
100 kHz
30 MHz ≤ f < 1 000 MHz
f ≥ 1 000 MHz 1 MHz
7 Measurement uncertainty
Interpretation of the results recorded in the test report for the measurements described in the present document shall be
as follows:
• The measured value related to the corresponding limit shall be used to decide whether equipment meets the
requirements of the present document.
Table 2: Maximum measurement uncertainties
Parameter Uncertainty
Radio frequency
±0,1 ppm
Radiated RF power ±6 dB
Temperature
±1°C
Humidity
±5 %
For the test methods, according to the present document the uncertainty figures shall be calculated according to the
methods described in TR 102 215 [3] and shall correspond to an expansion factor (coverage factor) k = 1,96 or k = 2.
(Which provide confidence levels of respectively 95 % and 95,45 % in cases where the distributions characterizing the
actual measurement uncertainties are normal (Gaussian)).
Table 2 is based on such expansion factors.
The particular expansion factor used for the evaluation of the measurement uncertainty shall be stated.
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14 ETSI EN 302 372-1 V1.1.1 (2006-04)
8 Methods of measurement and limits
Where the transmitter is designed with adjustable carrier power, then all transmitter parameters shall be measured using
the highest peak power level, as declared by the provider. The duty cycle of the transmitter as declared by the provider
shall not be exceeded. The actual duty cycle used during the measurements shall be recorded in the test report.
8.1 Frequency band of operation
8.1.1 Definition
The range of operating frequencies includes all frequencies on which the equipment operates within one or more of the
assigned frequency bands.
f is the point in the radiation where the power is at maximum. The frequency points where the power falls 10 dB below
C
the f level and above f level are designated as f and f respectively.
C C L H
The operating frequency range (i.e. the frequency band of operation) is defined as f - f
H L.
8.1.2 Method of measurement
In both measurements for the lower and upper frequency bound, f and f , there shall be no point in the radiation below
L H
f and above f where the level increases above the level recorded at f and f This ensures that peaks and valleys
L H L H.
occurring near f are not used prematurely as the upper and lower bounds of the radiation.
C
The maximum of the radiation is determined by a power measurement that indicates the maximum of the radiation at f .
C
The maximum power of the radiation is measured by:
a) Set the spectrum analyser detector to positive peak.
b) Centre the span on the peak of the radiation and set the span to zero.
c) Set the RBW to no less than 1 MHz and the VBW to no less than the RBW. A VBW of three times the RBW
is preferred to eliminate video averaging.
f shall be recorded in the test report. The DUT is tested by directly coupling the normal operational transmitted signal,
C
via a free-line-of-sight towards the measuring test antenna in a manner to ensure the test antenna receives a sufficient
signal.
For the lower frequency bound f the radiation is searched from a frequency lower than the peak that has, by inspection,
L,
a much lower PSD than the peak PSD -10 dB and increasing in frequency towards the peak until the PSD indicates a
level of -10 dB less than at the peak of the radiation.
The process is repeated for the upper frequency bound f beginning at a frequency higher than the peak that has, by
H,
inspection, a much lower PSD than peak PSD -10 dB.
The values for f and f shall be recorded in the test report.
L H
ETSI
15 ETSI EN 302 372-1 V1.1.1 (2006-04)
8.1.3 Limits
The permitted ranges of operating frequencies for radiation are given in table 3. Outside the permitted ranges of
operating frequencies the radiations shall be reduced by no less than 10 dB.
Table 3: Frequency bands of operation
Frequency bands of operation
4,5 GHz to 7 GHz
8,5 GHz to 10,6 GHz
24,05 GHz to 27 GHz
57 GHz to 64 GHz
75 GHz to 85 GHz
8.2 Duty cycle
Duty cycle, D, is defined as:
t
on
D =
t + t
on off
where:
• t is the time where the transmitter is active;
on
• t is the time where the transmitter is switched off.
off
The total equipment duty cycle is the result from the duty cycle, D , by the application, see clause 8.2.1 and the duty
U
cycle, D , by the modulation, see clause 8.2.2.
X
8.2.1 Duty cycle resulting from application
The duty cycle D , is under control of the user, determined by the users transmission time and is normally declared by
U
the user or applicant.
The provider shall declare the duty cycle D and the respective duty cycle class for the DUT as indicated in table 4.
U
This declaration shall be stated in the test report.
Table 4: Duty Cycle, D
U
Duty cycle Class Duty cycle ratio
1 ≤ 0,1 %
2 ≤ 1,0 %
≤ 10 %
4 Up to 100 %
ETSI
16 ETSI EN 302 372-1 V1.1.1 (2006-04)
8.2.2 Duty cycle resulting from modulation
8.2.2.1 Method of measurement
The duty cycle D , is determined by the transmitters modulation type and shall be measured by means a diode detector
X
and an oscilloscope or another appropriate instrument. The duty cycle D is important when the radiated power is
X
measured and the modulation cannot be switched off. This is specifically the case when the equipment is using a pulsed
type o
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