ETSI TR 103 290 V1.1.1 (2015-04)

Machine-to-Machine communications (M2M); Impact of Smart City Activity on IoT Environment

DTR/SmartM2M-022ed111 SmartCit

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 27-Apr-2015
• Technical Committee: SmartM2M - Smart M2M
• Current Stage: 12 - Completion
• Due Date: 28-Apr-2015
• Completion Date: 28-Apr-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

ETSI TR 103 290 V1.1.1 (2015-04)






TECHNICAL REPORT
Machine-to-Machine communications (M2M);
Impact of Smart City Activity on IoT Environment

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2 ETSI TR 103 290 V1.1.1 (2015-04)



Reference
DTR/SmartM2M-022ed111 SmartCit
Keywords
IoT, M2M
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Contents
Intellectual Property Rights . 4
Foreword . 4
Modal verbs terminology . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 References . 5
2.1 Normative references . 5
2.2 Informative references . 5
3 Abbreviations . 7
4 Definition of Smart City . 8
5 Stakeholders involved in Smart City . 9
6 Use case examples of communities that have created Smart Cities in the following areas . 10
6.1 Transport . 10
6.2 Smart Cites, Smart Water . 10
6.3 Building Management (Residential and Commercial) . 11
6.4 Culture & tourism . 11
6.5 Governance & administration. 12
6.6 Smart City Communities Use cases . 13
6.6.1 Developed Cities . 13
6.6.2 Developing Cities . 13
6.6.3 Green field . 13
7 Framework required to build a Smart City . 14
7.0 General . 14
7.1 IoT Infrastructure for Smart Cities . 15
7.2 Machine to Machine Communication . 15
7.3 Smart Cities Service integration . 16
8 Role of Information Security for Smart Cities . 19
9 Potential standards available . 21
9.0 General . 21
9.1 Data communication within white goods and its relevance to Smart Cities . 21
9.2 Information Management in SGAM. 21
10 Conclusion . 22
Annex A: T- CITY . 23
Annex B: Bibliography . 25
History . 26

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4 ETSI TR 103 290 V1.1.1 (2015-04)
Intellectual Property Rights
IPRs essential or potentially essential to the present document may have been declared to ETSI. The information
pertaining to these essential IPRs, if any, is publicly available for ETSI members and non-members, and can be found
in ETSI SR 000 314: "Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs); Essential, or potentially Essential, IPRs notified to ETSI in
respect of ETSI standards", which is available from the ETSI Secretariat. Latest updates are available on the ETSI Web
server (http://ipr.etsi.org).
Pursuant to the ETSI IPR Policy, no investigation, including IPR searches, has been carried out by ETSI. No guarantee
can be given as to the existence of other IPRs not referenced in ETSI SR 000 314 (or the updates on the ETSI Web
server) which are, or may be, or may become, essential to the present document.
Foreword
This Technical Report (TR) has been produced by ETSI Technical Committee Smart Machine-to-Machine
communications (SmartM2M).
Modal verbs terminology
In the present document "shall", "shall not", "should", "should not", "may", "need not", "will", "will not", "can" and
"cannot" are to be interpreted as described in clause 3.2 of the ETSI Drafting Rules (Verbal forms for the expression of
provisions).
"must" and "must not" are NOT allowed in ETSI deliverables except when used in direct citation.
ETSI

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1 Scope
The present document would undertake compilation and review of activities taking place in the area of Smart City. It
will analyse the relevance of Smart City applications, and possible underlying network architecture. The present
document will describe use case descriptions for Smart City applications in context of but not limited to IoT
communications.
2 References
2.1 Normative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
Referenced documents which are not found to be publicly available in the expected location might be found at
http://docbox.etsi.org/Reference.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are necessary for the application of the present document.
Not applicable.
2.2 Informative references
References are either specific (identified by date of publication and/or edition number or version number) or
non-specific. For specific references, only the cited version applies. For non-specific references, the latest version of the
reference document (including any amendments) applies.
NOTE: While any hyperlinks included in this clause were valid at the time of publication, ETSI cannot guarantee
their long term validity.
The following referenced documents are not necessary for the application of the present document but they assist the
user with regard to a particular subject area.
[i.1] Toward a framework for Smart Cities: A Comparison of Seoul, San Francisco & Amsterdam.
NOTE: Available at http://iis-db.stanford.edu/evnts/7239/Jung_Hoon_Lee_final.pdf
[i.2] Gordon Falconer Shane Mitchell: "Smart City Framework A Systematic Process for Enabling
Smart+Connected Communities".
NOTE: Available at https://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac79/docs/ps/motm/Smart-City-Framework.pdf
[i.3] The Role of Standards in Smart Cities Issue 1.
[i.4] http://www.gartner.com/technolog.
[i.5] http://www.idc.com.
[i.6] CleanTechnica: "Predictive Energy Optimization: Smart Buildings, Smart Grids, Smart Cities".
NOTE: Available at http://cleantechnica.com/2014/02/12/predictive-energy-optimization-smart-buildings-smart-
grids-smart-cities/#OkeRr1jvH9JBiACL.99
[i.7] IBM: "Smarter Buildings".
NOTE: http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/us/en/green_buildings/overview/
[i.8] http://www.smartsantander.eu/.
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[i.9] SmartSantanderRA: "Santander Augmented Reality Application".
NOTE: Available at http://www.smartsantander.eu/index.php/blog/item/174-smartsantanderra-santander-
augmented-reality-application.
[i.10] Ojo et al.: "Designing next generation smart city initiatives - Harnessing findings and lessons from
a study of ten smart city programs".
NOTE: Available at http://ecis2014.eu/E-poster/files/0575-file1.pdf.
[i.11] CEN/CENELEC: "Smart cities".
NOTE: Available at http://www.cencenelec.eu/standards/Sectors/SmartLiving/smartcities/Pages/default.aspx
[i.12] "A vision of a smarter city".
NOTE: Available at www.foresightfordevelopment.org/sobipro/download-file/46-155/54.
[i.13] "Smart cities in Europe".
NOTE: Available at http://www.smartcitiesineurope.com/category/best-practices/?orderby=title&order=ASC.
[i.14] ANSSC: "Directory of Smart and Sustainable Cities Standardization Initiatives and Related
Activities".
NOTE: Available at http://bit.ly/1hVCr1Y.
[i.15] ETSI TS 103 264: "SmartM2M Smart Appliances Common Ontology and SmartM2M/oneM2M
mapping".
[i.16] ETSI TS 103 267: "SmartM2M Smart Appliances Application of ETSI M2M Communication
Framework".
[i.17] Smart Grid Task Force EG2 deliverable: "Proposal for a list of Security Measures for Smart Grids
(EnisaSG)".
[i.18] ETSI TS 118 102: "Requirements".
[i.19] ETSI TS 118 101: "Functional Architecture".
[i.20] ETSI TS 102 689: "Machine-to-Machine communications (M2M); M2M Service Requirements".
[i.21] ETSI TS 102 690: "Machine-to-Machine communications (M2M); Functional architecture".
[i.22] European Parliament: "Mapping Smart Cities in the EU".
NOTE: Available at http://issuu.com/aie_eur_electrical_contractors/docs/ipol-itre_et_2014_507480_en/1.
[i.23] BS 25999-1: "Business continuity management -Part 1: Code of practice".
[i.24] ISO 22301: "Business Continuity Management System Self Assessment Questionaire".
[i.25] Hatzelhoffer, L. et al.: "Smart City in Practice". Jovis Verlag, Berlin, 2012.
[i.26] CEN-CENELEC-ETSI Smart Grid Coordination Group: "SG-CG/M490/F-Overview of SG-CG
Methodologies", Version 3.0, November 2014 (Annex 5 to CENELEC BT149/DG9624/DV).
[i.27] ISO/IEC 27001: "Information technology -- Security techniques -- Information security
management systems -- Requirements".
[i.28] ISO/IEC 29100: "Information technology -- Security techniques -- Privacy framework".
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3 Abbreviations
For the purposes of the present document, the following abbreviations apply:
ADSL Asymmetric digital subscriber line
AKA Also Known As
API Application Programming Interface
APTS Advanced Public Transportation Systems
ATIS Advanced Traveller Information Systems
ATMS Advanced Traffic Management Systems
BCM Business Continuity Management
BSI British Standards Institute
BUTLER uBiquitous secUre inTernet_of_things with Location and contEx-awaReness
COSEM Companion Specification for Energy Metering
CSE Common Services Entity
DSL Digital Subscriber Line
EC European Commission
ENISA European Network and Information Security Agency
EnisaSG European Network and Information Security Agency Security Group
GPRS General packet radio service
HSDPA High Speed Downlink Packet Access
IBM International Business Machines
ICT Information and Communication Technology
IDC International Data Corporation
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IP Internet protocol
ISO International Organisation for Standards
ITS Intelligent Transport Systems
LTE Long Term Evolution
M2M Machine-to-Machine
M-bus Meter - Bus
NFC Near Field Communication
NGN Next Generation Network
NGO Non Governmental Organisation
NRW Non - Revenue Water
PLT Power Line Telecommunication
POI Points Of Interest
QoE Quality of Experience
QoS Quality of Service
SAP Smart Appliances
SAR Special Administration Region
SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition
SCL Service Capability Layer
SGAM Smart Grid Architecture Model
URI Universal Resource Identifier
VDSL Very high speed Digital Subscriber Line
Wi-Fi Wireless Fidelity
WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
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4 Definition of Smart City
A city can be defined as 'smart' when investments in human and social capital and traditional (transport) and modern
(ICT) communication infrastructure fuel sustainable economic development and a high quality of life, with a wise
management of natural resources, through participatory governance. Figure 1 shows the elements involved in making a
City Smart.

Figure 1
Some other definitions of Smart cities are the following:
"A smart city is based on intelligent exchanges of information that flow between its many different Subsystems. This
flow of information is analysed and translated into citizen and commercial services.
The city will act on this information flow to make its wider ecosystem more resource-efficient and Sustainable. The
information exchange is based on a smart governance operating framework Designed for cities sustainable." (Gartner,
2011 [i.4])
"Smart city" [refers to] a local entity - a district, city, region or small country - which takes a Holistic approach to
employ[ing] information technologies with real-time analysis that encourages Sustainable economic development."
(IDC, 2011 [i.5])
Smart city is about connecting users and data across multiple domains to share information. It can be described as a City
described by the many technologies see figure 2 (from [i.1]) this shows the main domain covered in Smart city:
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Figure 2
5 Stakeholders involved in Smart City
There are many interpretation of a Smart city Framework, however the key stakeholders that should be covered in any
framework should be according to the following list [i.2]:
• Government or City authorities: should support the initiative of smart city for it to work. The government will
be able to bring multiple groups together to establish common language for Smart Cites. For example in the
UK the British Standards Institution backed by the government is developing standards for Smart Cities [i.3].
• Private Sector: the private sector need to be educated on "how"-policies and business models necessary for
implementing Smart City solutions works, without the private sector the whole community does not get a buy
in.
• Public Sector: Smart cities are not likely to develop without initiative and involvement from the local public
authorities to federate all actors (water, energy, waste utilities; Healthcare and emergency services; Public
transport and traffic regulation; and telecommunication service providers), whether they are public or privately
operated.
• Service providers: Smart cities need to accommodate the involvement of multiple service providers, as it is
likely that the multiple sectors to aggregate will not accommodate a universal choice, especially if services are
to be offered to citizens on their own devices. Furthermore, to support a viable ecosystem, the diversity of
services involved in the aggregation, which are each of significant complexity, can potentially be operated by
specialized actors: Telecommunication, M2M data dissemination, Analytics, Security and Trust, etc.
• Academics and NGOs: are stakeholders that focusing on the "how" rather than on the "why". Both, of course,
are important, but focusing too much on the "why" will hinder quick adoption of solutions and initiatives.
• Residents of the city: this group of stakeholder are the recipient of Smart city services.
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6 Use case examples of communities that have
created Smart Cities in the following areas
6.1 Transport
With the boom in motorization, urbanization and population growth over the last century, transport has played a
fundamental role in the development of the economy and society, and as a direct consequence has shaped daily life.
However, transport supply has often been unable to fulfil the rapidly increasing demand for it, and has itself contributed
to a number of problems including congestion and pollution. Solving these problems by suppressing demand or
expanding supply is not realistic as in either case there are constraints in place. However, the rapid development of
information and communication technology in the last few decades provides new opportunities to manage and perhaps
alleviate such problems. Intelligent transport systems (ITS) in which knowledge of transport patterns, preferences of the
transport users, the status of the transport infrastructure and other factors are brought together may help in better
managing the factors that cause these problems. The beneficial impacts are expected to be centred on more efficient use
of the available transport infrastructure on behalf of its users with additional benefits in improved safety, and reduced
vehicle wear, improved journey transportation times, and reductions in the overall energy consumption of the transport
infrastructure.
Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) are a specialized subset of machine-to-machine communications in a software
driven and all-connected world. There are a number of dimensions of ITS as indicated in the following list:
• Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS);
• Advanced Traffic Management Systems (ATMS);
• ITS-Enabled Transportation Pricing Systems;
• Advanced Public Transportation Systems (APTS);
• Vehicle-to-Infrastructure Integration (VII); and
• Vehicle-to-Vehicle Integration (V2V).
Supporting each of these capabilities both separately and together is a crucial aspect of Smart City. Integration of ITS to
Smart City can be viewed from a number of perspectives: Data integration; Communication integration. In practical use
data integration (syntactic and semantic) enables the sharing of data from multiple sources and is key to the
development of new economic models in Smart City through the merging of data - this may be seen in ITS services
such as multi-modal routing and multi-modal congestion monitoring.
6.2 Smart Cites, Smart Water
One of a city's most important pieces of critical infrastructure is its water system. With populations in cities growing, it
is inevitable that water consumption will grow as well. The term "smart water" points to water and wastewater
infrastructure that ensures this precious resource - and the energy used to transport it - is managed effectively. A smart
water system is designed to gather meaningful and actionable data about the flow, pressure and distribution of a city's
water. Further, it is critical that that the consumption and forecasting of water use is accurate.
A city's water distribution and management system has to be sound and viable in the long term to maintain its growth
and should be equipped with the capacity to be monitored and networked with other critical systems to obtain more
sophisticated and granular information on how they are performing and affecting each other. Additional efficiencies are
gained when departments are able to share relevant, actionable information. One example is that the watershed
management team can automatically share storm water modelling information which indicates probable flooding zones
and times based on predictive precipitation intelligence. The transportation department can then reroute traffic
accordingly and pre-emptively alert the population using mass notification.
Incorporating smart water technologies allows water providers to minimize non-revenue water (NRW) by finding leaks
quickly and even predicatively using real-time SCADA data and comparing that to model network simulations.
Reducing NRW also allows municipalities to recover costs incurred in treatment and pumping - this can be significant.
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6.3 Building Management (Residential and Commercial)
This example was taken from the Smart building project [i.6]. It describes how a building can be aware of what is about
to happen. It describes how without no prompting or programming, the building knew how to be more aggressive
during an overnight purge; the fans and maybe part of the plant would work harder, which could mean the prices could
be adjusted to suit the consumer. Also if we imagine a building knew that on Fridays it is OK to re-set static pressure a
bit earlier than the rest of the days because most tenants are out. Maybe it also knows that a gradual decrease in the
discharge air temperature is the way to avoid a morning spike on some days, but not others. Perhaps it also knows how
to curtail usage in the plant and fans on one of those dreadful peak demand days. Finally imagine a building that could
automatically communicate with the utility company to become more responsive to the grid. During demand response
events, the building automatically curtails non-critical building loads or turns on back-up energy sources. Through
automated demand response and predictive controls, the energy consumption is continuously adjusted to reduce demand
at critical times of the day in response to hourly pricing signals from the grid. For this, you receive compensation from
the utility provider. So all of a sudden your building is not only using less energy and decreasing your energy bill, but it
is actually making money for you.
These examples are current example of Smart buildings and the NV-energy company in Las Vegas are one of the first
utility providers to integrate predictive energy optimization. In 2013, the Las Vegas' utility provider launched a new
energy management program, called mPowered, which is helping its largest customers - including Las Vegas' famous
casinos and resorts - become smart buildings.
Las Vegas is an example of what the future world of Smart Cities will look like - fully connected infrastructures that
utilize big data, analytics, cloud-based predictive energy optimization technology to proactively manage our most
valuable resources, protecting our earth and creating a healthy environment for future generations [i.7].

Figure 3
6.4 Culture & tourism
Sandanter is one of the first truly smart cities, showing how digital technology can be used to make cities a better place
to live. Transforming Santander into a smart city was no easy task. Around 180 000 people live in the city with its
beaches, leisure facilities, casinos and history, Santander is as much a tourist destination as it is a modern European city.
The project team was to install more than 12 000 sensors around the city, around an area of approximately 35 kmsq, or
13,4 square miles. The work commenced in September 2010 and the installation was completed in October 2013. A
large proportion of the sensors were hidden inside white boxes and attached to street infrastructure such as street lamps,
buildings and utility poles, while others were buried into the actual pavement. Not all of the sensors were static; some
were placed on the city's public transport network, including buses, taxis and police cars. By downloading an app to
their smartphones even the residents of Santander could become moving sensors in their own right.
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12 ETSI TR 103 290 V1.1.1 (2015-04)
These sensors measure a variety of variables, from light and pressure to humidity and temperature. Vehicles broadcast
their positions in real time while other sensors measure air quality levels, for example. The sensor infrastructure
deployed across the streets of Santander is wirelessly connected through the backbone network to the Telefónica M2M
service platform (IDAS/DCA, AKA, Smart Business Control platform). This technology enables the network of sensors
to transmit data back to the project hub as often as every two minutes. Once there Telefónica's big data platform extracts
intelligence, allowing the enormous amounts of big data to be analysed and observed in real time by the Council
employees.
Some of the advantages are that the municipals officials have a real time view of key city metrics, which enables them
to make better decisions and engage in a more cost effective planning. Also resources can be planned and allocated
faster and more effectively while cost savings can be realized more effectively. Also the project allows the council to
operate in a more transparent manner. It can publish data and information on its digital properties to allow
Santandarians to make more informed choices about their city. Local issues are escalated faster and can be tracked
online by the public and media alike, meaning the council is more accountable than ever [i.8].
Santander Augmented Reality Application (SmartSantanderRA) is an application that was developed as part of the
Smart city project. The (Application i.e. App includes information about 2 700 places in the city of Santander divided in
different categories: beaches, park and gardens, monuments, Points Of Interest (POI), tourism offices, shops, art
galleries, museums, libraries, culture events agenda, shops, public buses, taxis, bikes, parking places, etc. The App
works by allowing real time access to traffic and beaches cameras, weather reports and forecast, public buses
information and bike-rental service, generating a unique ecosystem for citizens and visitors when walking around the
city. On starting the Augmented Reality view, the App creates on a smartphone screen, an overlay over the camera with
nearby POIs. If a particular POI i
...