IEC 62619:2022
(Main)Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries, for use in industrial applications
IEC 62619:2022 specifies requirements and tests for the safe operation of secondary lithium cells and batteries used in industrial applications, including stationary applications. When there exists an IEC International Standard specifying test conditions and requirements for cells used in special applications and which is in conflict with this document, the former takes precedence (e.g., IEC 62660 series on road vehicles). The following are some examples of applications that utilize cells and batteries under the scope of this document:
- Stationary applications: telecom, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), electrical energy storage system, utility switching, emergency power, and similar applications.
- Motive applications: forklift truck, golf cart, automated guided vehicle (AGV), railway vehicles, and marine vehicles, with the exception of road vehicles.
Accumulateurs alcalins et autres accumulateurs à électrolyte non acide - Exigences de sécurité pour les accumulateurs au lithium pour utilisation dans des applications industrielles
IEC 62619:2022 spécifie les exigences et les essais pour le fonctionnement en toute sécurité des accumulateurs au lithium utilisés dans des applications industrielles, y compris les applications stationnaires. Lorsqu'il existe une Norme internationale IEC qui spécifie des conditions d'essai et des exigences pour des éléments destinés à des applications particulières, et qui est en contradiction avec le présent document, la publication particulière est appliquée en priorité (par exemple, la série IEC 62660 sur les véhicules routiers). Ci-après figurent des exemples d’applications qui emploient les éléments et les batteries inclus dans le domaine d’application du présent document :
- applications stationnaires: télécommunications, alimentation sans interruption (ASI), système de stockage d'énergie électrique, sélecteur de service, alimentation de secours et applications similaires;
- applications mobiles: chariot élévateur à fourche, voiturette de golf, véhicule à guidage automatique (AGV, automated guided vehicle), véhicules ferroviaires et marins, à l'exclusion des véhicules routiers.
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IEC 62619 ®
Edition 2.0 2022-05
COMMENTED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
electrolytes – Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries,
for use in industrial applications
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IEC 62619 ®
Edition 2.0 2022-05
COMMENTED VERSION
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
electrolytes – Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries,
for use in industrial applications
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
ICS 29.220.30 ISBN 978-2-8322-2705-3
– 2 – IEC 62619:2022 CMV © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD .4
1 Scope .6
2 Normative references .6
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 Parameter measurement tolerances . 10
5 General safety considerations . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Insulation and wiring . 11
5.3 Venting . 11
5.4 Temperature/voltage/current management . 11
5.5 Terminal contacts of the battery pack and/or battery system . 11
5.6 Assembly of cells, modules, or battery packs into battery systems. 11
5.6.1 General . 11
5.6.2 Battery system design . 12
5.7 Operating region of lithium cells and battery systems for safe use . 12
5.8 System lock (or system lock function) . 12
5.9 Quality plan . 12
6 Type test conditions . 13
6.1 General . 13
6.2 Test items . 13
7 Specific requirements and tests . 14
7.1 Charging procedures for test purposes . 14
7.2 Reasonably foreseeable misuse . 15
7.2.1 External short-circuit test (cell or cell block) . 15
7.2.2 Impact test (cell or cell block) . 15
7.2.3 Drop test (cell or cell block, and battery system) . 16
7.2.4 Thermal abuse test (cell or cell block) . 18
7.2.5 Overcharge test (cell or cell block) . 19
7.2.6 Forced discharge test (cell or cell block) . 19
7.3 Considerations for internal short-circuit – Design evaluation. 20
7.3.1 General . 20
7.3.2 Internal short-circuit test (cell). 20
7.3.3 Propagation test (battery system) . 22
8 Battery system safety (considering functional safety) . 23
8.1 General requirements . 23
8.2 Battery management system (or battery management unit) . 23
8.2.1 Requirements for the BMS . 23
8.2.2 Overcharge control of voltage (battery system) . 24
8.2.3 Overcharge control of current (battery system) . 26
8.2.4 Overheating control (battery system) . 27
9 EMC . 27
10 Information for safety . 27
11 Marking and designation . 27
12 Packaging and transport . 27
Annex A (normative) Operating region of cells for safe use . 28
A.1 General . 28
A.2 Charging conditions for safe use . 28
A.3 Considerations on charging voltage . 28
A.4 Considerations on temperature . 29
A.5 High temperature range . 29
A.6 Low temperature range . 29
A.7 Discharging conditions for safe use . 30
A.8 Example of operating region . 30
Annex B (informative) Procedure of propagation test by laser irradiation (see 7.3.3) . 32
B.1 General . 32
B.2 Test conditions . 32
B.2.1 Cell test (preliminary test) . 32
B.2.2 Battery system test (main test) . 33
Annex C (informative) Procedure of propagation test by methods other than laser (see
7.3.3) . 35
C.1 General . 35
C.2 Test conditions . 35
C.3 Methods for initiating the thermal runaway . 35
Annex D (informative) Packaging and transport . 36
Bibliography . 37
List of comments . 39
Figure 1 – Configuration of the impact test . 16
Figure 2 – Impact location . 18
Figure 3 – Configuration for the shortest edge drop test . 18
Figure 4 – Configuration for the corner drop test . 18
Figure 5 – Jig for pressing . 21
Figure 6 – Examples of BMS locations and battery system configurations . 24
Figure 7 – Example of the circuit configuration for overcharge control of voltage . 26
Figure A.1 – An example of operating region for charging of typical lithium ion cells . 30
Figure A.2 – An example of operating region for discharging of typical lithium ion cells . 31
Figure B.1 – Example of the test layout . 33
Figure B.2 – Example of typical temperature trend of the cell . 33
Table 1 – Sample size for type tests . 14
Table 2 – Drop test method and condition . 17
– 4 – IEC 62619:2022 CMV © IEC 2022
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SECONDARY CELLS AND BATTERIES CONTAINING
ALKALINE OR OTHER NON-ACID ELECTROLYTES –
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS
AND BATTERIES, FOR USE IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
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8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
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rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This commented version (CMV) of the official standard IEC 62619:2022 edition 2.0 allows
the user to identify the changes made to the previous IEC 62619:2017 edition
1.0. Furthermore, comments from IEC SC 21A experts are provided to explain the
reasons of the most relevant changes, or to clarify any part of the content.
A vertical bar appears in the margin wherever a change has been made. Additions are in
green text, deletions are in strikethrough red text. Experts' comments are identified by a
blue-background number. Mouse over a number to display a pop-up note with the
comment.
This publication contains the CMV and the official standard. The full list of comments is
available at the end of the CMV.
IEC 62619 has been prepared by subcommittee 21A: Secondary cells and batteries containing
alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes, of IEC technical committee 21: Secondary cells and
batteries. It is an International Standard.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2017. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) new requirements for moving parts;
b) addition of requirements for hazardous live parts;
c) addition of requirements for battery system design;
d) new requirements for system lock;
e) new requirements for EMC;
f) addition of procedure of propagation test by laser.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
21A/785/FDIS 21A/787/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
– 6 – IEC 62619:2022 CMV © IEC 2022
SECONDARY CELLS AND BATTERIES CONTAINING
ALKALINE OR OTHER NON-ACID ELECTROLYTES –
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS
AND BATTERIES, FOR USE IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements and tests for the safe operation of secondary lithium cells
and batteries used in industrial applications, including stationary applications.
When there exists an IEC International Standard specifying test conditions and requirements
for cells used in special applications and which is in conflict with this document, the former
takes precedence (e.g., IEC 62660 series on road vehicles).
The following are some examples of applications that utilize cells and batteries under the scope
of this document:
• Stationary applications: telecom, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), electrical energy
storage system, utility switching, emergency power, and similar applications.
• Motive applications: forklift truck, golf cart, automated guided vehicle (AGV), railway
vehicles, and marine vehicles, with the exception of road vehicles. 1
Since this document covers batteries for various industrial applications, it includes those
requirements which are common and minimum to the various applications.
Electrical safety is included only as a part of the risk analysis of Clause 8. In regard to details
for addressing electrical safety, the end use application standard requirements have need to be
considered.
This document applies to cells and batteries. If the battery is divided into smaller units, the
smaller unit can be tested as the representative of the battery. The manufacturer clearly
declares the tested unit. The manufacturer may can add functions, which are present in the
final battery to the tested unit.
This document addresses first life cells and batteries. Reuse, repurpose, second life use or
similar are not taken into consideration by this document. 2
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 62133:2012, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
electrolytes – Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary cells, and for batteries made
from them, for use in portable applications
IEC 62133-2:2017, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
electrolytes – Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary lithium cells, and for batteries
made from them, for use in portable applications – Part 2: Lithium systems
IEC 62620:2014, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
electrolytes – Secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications
ISO/IEC Guide 51, Safety aspects – Guidelines for their inclusion in standards
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC Guide 51, and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
safety
freedom from unacceptable risk
3.2
risk
combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.9, modified – deletion of Note 1 to entry.]
3.3
harm
physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or to the environment
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.1]
3.4
hazard
potential source of harm
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.2]
3.5
intended use
use of a product, process or service in accordance with specifications, instructions and
information provided by the supplier
3.6
reasonably foreseeable misuse
use of a product, process or service in a way not intended by the supplier, but which may can
result from readily predictable human behaviour
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.7, modified – "or system" has been replaced with
"process or service" and notes to entry deleted.]
3.7
secondary lithium cell
cell
secondary cell where electrical energy is derived from the insertion/extraction reactions of
lithium ions or oxidation/reduction reaction of lithium between the negative electrode and the
positive electrode
– 8 – IEC 62619:2022 CMV © IEC 2022
Note 1 to entry: The cell typically has an electrolyte that consists of a lithium salt and organic solvent compound in
liquid, gel or solid form and has a metal or a laminate film casing. It is not ready for use in an application because it
is not yet fitted with its final housing, terminal arrangement and electronic control device.
3.8
cell block
group of cells connected together in parallel configuration with or without protective devices
(e.g. fuse or positive temperature coefficient device (PTC)) and monitoring circuitry
Note 1 to entry: The cell block is not ready for use in an application because it is not yet fitted with its final housing,
terminal arrangement and electronic control device.
3.9
module
group of cells connected together either in a series and/or parallel configuration with or without
protective devices (e.g. fuse or positive temperature coefficient device (PTC)) and monitoring
circuitry
3.10
battery pack
energy storage device, which is comprised of comprises one or more cells or modules
electrically connected and has monitoring circuitry which provides information (e.g. cell voltage)
to a battery system to influence the battery's safety, performance and/or service life
Note 1 to entry: It has a monitoring circuitry which provides information (e.g. cell voltage) to a battery system.
Note 2 1 to entry: The battery pack may incorporate a protective housing and be provided with terminals or other
interconnection arrangements.
3.11
battery system
battery
system which comprises one or more cells, modules or battery packs and has a battery
management system capable of controlling current in case of overcharge, overcurrent,
overdischarge, and overheating
Note 1 to entry: It has a battery management system to cut off in case of overcharge, overcurrent, overdischarge,
and overheating.
Note 1 to entry: Overdischarge cut-off is not mandatory if there is an agreement between the cell manufacturer and
the customer.
Note 2 to entry: The battery system may have cooling or heating units. More than one battery system may constitute
a larger battery system. The battery system is sometimes also referred to as a battery.
3.12
battery management system
BMS
h has functions to cut off control current in case
electronic system associated with a battery whic
of overcharge, overcurrent, overdischarge, and overheating and which monitors and/or
manages the battery's state, calculates secondary data, reports that data and/or controls its
environment to influence the battery's safety, performance and/or service life
Note 1 to entry: It monitors and/or manages its state, calculates secondary data, reports that data and/or controls
its environment to influence the battery’s safety, performance and/or service life.
Note 1 to entry: Overdischarge cut-off is not mandatory if there is an agreement between the cell manufacturer and
the customer.
Note 2 to entry: The function of the BMS can be assigned to the battery pack or to equipment that uses the battery.
(See Figure 6.)
Note 3 to entry: The BMS can be divided and it can be found partially in the battery pack and partially on the
equipment that uses the battery. (See Figure 6.)
Note 4 to entry: The BMS is sometimes also referred to as a BMU (battery management unit)
3.13
leakage
visible escape of liquid electrolyte
3.14
venting
release of excessive internal pressure from a cell, module, battery pack, or battery system in a
manner intended by design to preclude rupture or explosion
3.15
rupture
mechanical failure of a cell container or battery case induced by an internal or external cause,
resulting in exposure or spillage but not ejection of materials
3.16
explosion
failure that occurs when a cell container or battery case opens violently and solid components
are forcibly expelled
Note 1 to entry: Liquid, gas, and smoke are erupted excepted.
3.17
fire
emission of flames from a cell, module, battery pack, or battery system for more than 1 s
Note 1 to entry: Sparks and arcing are not considered as flames.
3.18
rated capacity
capacity value of a cell or battery determined under specified conditions and declared by the
manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: The rated capacity is the quantity of electricity C Ah (ampere-hours) declared by the manufacturer
n
which a single cell or battery can deliver during an n-hour period when charging, storing and discharging under the
conditions specified in IEC 62620:2014, 6.3.1.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-03-15, modified – Addition of the words "cell or" in the
definition and of Note 1 to entry.]
3.19
upper limit charging voltage
highest charging voltage in the cell operating region specified by the cell
manufacturer
3.20
lower limit discharging voltage
lowest discharging voltage in the cell operating region specified by the cell
manufacturer
3.21
maximum charging current
the maximum highest charging current in the cell operating region specified by the
cell manufacturer
3.22
maximum discharging current
highest discharging current in the cell operating region specified by the cell
manufacturer
– 10 – IEC 62619:2022 CMV © IEC 2022
3.23
thermal runaway
uncontrolled intensive increase in the temperature of a cell driven by exothermic reaction
4 Parameter measurement tolerances
The overall accuracy of controlled or measured values, relative to the specified or actual
parameters, shall be within these tolerances:
a) ±0,5 % for voltage;
b) ±1 % for current;
c) ±2 °C for temperature;
d) ±0,1 % for time;
e) ±1 % for mass;
f) ±1 % for dimensions.
These tolerances comprise the combined accuracy of the measuring instruments, the
measurement techniques used, and all other sources of error in the test procedure.
The details of the instrumentation used shall be provided in any report of results.
5 General safety considerations
5.1 General
The safety of lithium secondary cells and batteries battery systems requires the consideration
of two sets of applied conditions:
1) intended use;
2) reasonably foreseeable misuse.
Cells and batteries battery systems shall be designed and constructed so that they are safe
under conditions of both intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. It may also be
expected that cells and batteries battery systems subjected to intended use shall not only be
safe but shall continue to be functional in all respects.
It is expected that cells or batteries battery systems subjected to misuse may fail to function.
However, even if such a situation occurs, they shall not present any significant hazards.
Potential hazards which are the subject of this document are:
a) fire,
b) burst/explosion,
c) critical electrical short-circuit due to leakage of cell electrolyte,
d) venting which continuously vents out flammable gases with continuous emission of
flammable and/or toxic gas and/or smoke, 3
e) rupture of the casing of cell, module, battery pack, and or battery system with exposure of
internal components.
Conformity with 5.1 a) and b) to 5.6 is checked by the tests of Clause 6, Clause 7, and 8.2,
and in accordance with the appropriate standard (see Clause 2). Conformity with 5.1 c) to e)
and with 5.2 to 5.6 is checked by analysis of documents mentioned in 8.1.
Moving parts that have potential to cause human injuries shall be applied using an appropriate
design and necessary measures to reduce the risk of injuries, including those injuries that may
be incurred during installation, while cells or battery systems are being incorporated into
equipment. 4
5.2 Insulation and wiring
Wiring and its insulation shall be sufficient to withstand the maximum anticipated voltage,
current, temperature, altitude and humidity requirements. The design of an internal wiring shall
be such that adequate clearances and creepage distances are maintained between conductors
and live parts at different voltages or between live parts and non-current-carrying accessible
parts. Hazardous live parts of the battery system shall be protected to avoid the risk of electric
shocks, including during installation. 5
The mechanical integrity of the whole battery system (cell/module/BMS) and their connections
shall be sufficient to accommodate conditions of reasonably foreseeable misuse.
5.3 Venting
The casing of a cell, module, battery pack, and battery system shall incorporate a pressure
relief function that will preclude rupture or explosion. If encapsulation is used to support cells
within an outer case, the type of encapsulant encapsulating material and the method of
encapsulation shall neither cause the battery system to overheat during normal operation nor
inhibit pressure relief.
5.4 Temperature/voltage/current management
The design of batteries battery systems shall be such that abnormal temperature-rise conditions
are prevented. Battery systems shall be designed within voltage, current, and temperature limits
specified by the cell manufacturer. Battery systems shall be provided with specifications and
charging instructions for equipment manufacturers so that associated chargers are designed to
maintain charging within the voltage, current and temperature limits specified.
NOTE Where applicable, means can be provided to limit current to safe levels during charge and discharge.
5.5 Terminal contacts of the battery pack and/or battery system
Terminals shall have clear polarity marking(s) on the external surface of the battery pack or
battery system.
NOTE Exception: Battery packs with keyed external connectors designed for connection to
specific end products need not be marked with polarity markings if the design of the external
connector prevents reverse polarity connections.
The size and shape of the terminal contacts shall ensure that they can carry the maximum
anticipated current. External terminal contact surfaces shall be formed from conductive
materials with good mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. Terminal contacts shall be
arranged so as to minimize the risk of short-circuits, for example to minimize the risk of short-
circuits by metal tools. Compliance is determined through a review of the terminal specifications.
5.6 Assembly of cells, modules, or battery packs into battery systems
5.6.1 General
The assembly of cells, modules or battery packs to constitute the battery system shall respect
the following rules to support adequate mitigation of risks as regard to the battery system:
• Each battery system shall have an independent control and protection method(s).
NOTE For the independent control and protection method(s), see 8.2.
– 12 – IEC 62619:2022 CMV © IEC 2022
• The cell manufacturer shall provide recommendations about current, voltage, temperature
limits and should provide mounting advice, storage conditions, maximum number of cells in
series (for cell internal protection such as a current interrupt device (CID)) 6 so that the
battery system manufacturer/designer may ensure proper design and assembly.
ems that are designed for the selective discharging of a portion of their
• Batteries Battery syst
series connected cells shall incorporate separate circuitry to prevent the cell reversal
caused by uneven discharging.
• Protective circuit components should be added as appropriate and consideration given to
the end-device application.
5.6.2 Battery system design
The voltage control function of the battery system design shall ensure that the voltage of each
cell or cell block shall not exceed the upper limit charging voltage specified by the manufacturer
of the cells, except in the case where the stationary application devices or motive application
devices provide an equivalent the end-devices provide the voltage control function. In such a
case, the end-devices are considered as part of the battery system. Refer to Note 2 and Note
3 in 3.12.
The following should be considered at the battery system level and by the battery manufacturer:
For the battery system which has series-connected plural single cells, modules or battery packs,
it is recommended that the voltages of any one of the single cells or cell blocks do not exceed
the upper limit of the charging voltage, specified by the cell manufacturer, by monitoring the
voltage of every single cell or cell block.
The battery shall be designed so that the maximum charging current or the maximum
discharging current of the cell are not exceeded before the maximum allowed charging or
discharging current of the battery is reached. 7
5.7 Operating region of lithium cells and battery systems for safe use
The cell manufacturer shall specify the cell operating region. The battery system manufacturer
shall design the battery system to comply with the cell operating region. Determination of the
cell operating region is explained in accordance with Annex A.
5.8 System lock (or system lock function)
The battery system shall have a non-resettable function to stop operation when one or more
cells in the battery system deviates from the operating region during operation. This feature
shall not be user resettable or allow for automatic reset.
The function of the battery system may be returned after checking that the status of the battery
system complies with the battery system manufacturer manual, i.e. the battery system
maintenance manual shall clearly set out this procedure.
Depending on the application, a battery system may allow a final discharge, for example to
provide emergency functions. In this case, cell limits (e.g. lower limit discharge voltage or upper
temperature limit) may deviate once within the range where the cell does not cause dangerous
reactions. Therefore, the cell manufacturer shall provide the second set of limits in which the
cell in the battery system may accept one discharge without dangerous reactions. The cell
should not be further recharged after this last discharge. 8
5.9 Quality plan
The battery system manufacturer shall prepare and implement a quality plan that defines
procedures for the inspection of materials, components, cells, modules, battery packs, and
battery systems and which covers the whole process of producing each type of cell, module,
battery pack, and battery system (e.g. ISO 9001, etc.). Manufacturers should understand their
process capabilities and should institute the necessary process controls in relation to product
safety.
6 Type test conditions
6.1 General
A cell in the battery system that is used outside of its operating region may exhibit hazards
resulting from the cells or batteries battery systems. Such risks have to shall be taken into
consideration in order to prepare a safe test plan.
The test facility should have sufficient structural integrity and a fire suppression system to
sustain the conditions of overpressure and fire that may occur as a result of testing. The facility
should have a ventilation system to remove and capture gas which might be produced during
the tests. Consideration should be given to high voltage hazards when applicable.
Warning: THESE TESTS USE PROCEDURES WHICH MAY RESULT IN HARM IF ADEQUATE PRECAUTIONS
ARE NOT TAKEN. TESTS SHOULD ONLY BE PERFORMED BY QUALIFIED AND EXPERIENCED
TECHNICIANS USING ADEQUATE PROTECTION. TO PREVENT BURNS, CAUTION SHOULD BE
TAKEN FOR THOSE CELLS OR BATTERIES BATTERY SYSTEMS WHOSE CASINGS MAY EXCEED
75 °C AS A RESULT OF TESTING.
6.2 Test items
Tests are made with the number of cells or batteries battery systems specified in Table 1, using
cells or batteries battery systems that are stored for not more than six months, under conditions
specified by the cell or battery system manufacturer.
Cells or batteries battery systems charged in accordance with the method specified in 7.1 shall
deliver the rated capacity or more according to IEC 62620:2014, 6.3.1 when they are discharged
at 25 °C ± 5 °C, at a constant current of 0,2 I A according to IEC 62620:2014, 6.3.1, down to a
t
specified final voltage. This capacity confirmation may be done during the cell manufacturer
shipping inspection. In the case of a battery system, the capacity may be calculated on the
basis of the cell capacity measurements as measured during the cell manufacturer shipping
inspection.
Unless otherwise specified, tests are carried out in an ambient temperature of 25 °C ± 5 °C.
NOTE Test conditions are for type tests only and do not imply that intended use includes operation under these
conditions. Similarly, the limit of six months is introduced for consistency and does not imply that cell and battery
system safety is reduced after six months.
– 14 – IEC 62619:2022 CMV © IEC 2022
Table 1 – Sample size for type tests
Test items Test unit
Cell Battery system
Category Test
(see a) (see b and e)
7.2.1 External short-circuit test R -
7.2.2 Impact test R (see c) -
7.2.3 Drop test R R
7.2.4 Thermal abuse test R -
Product safety test
7.2.5 Overcharge test R (see d) -
(safety of cell and
battery system)
7.2.6 Forced discharge test R -
7.3 Considerations 7.3.2 Internal short- R* -
for internal short- circuit test
circuit (select one
7.3.3 Propagation - R
of the two options)
test
8.2.2 Overcharge control of voltage - R
Functional safety test
(safety of battery 8.2.3 Overcharge control of current - R
system)
8.2.4 Overheating control - R
"R" = required (minimum of 1)
"R*" = required. As for the sample number, refer to IEC 62133:2012, 8.3.9 IEC 62133-2:2017, 7.3.9.
"-" = unnecessary or not applicable
a The manufacturer can use "cell block(s)" instead of "cell(s)" for any test that specifies "cell(s)" as the test unit
in this document. The manufacturer clearly declares the test unit for each test.
b If a battery system is divided into smaller units, the unit can be tested as representative of the battery system.
The manufacturer can add functions which are present in the final battery system to the tested unit. The
manufacturer clearly declares the tested unit.
c Cylindrical cell or cell block: 1 direction, prismatic cell (including cell with laminate film case) or cell block: 2
directions.
d The test is performed with the cells or cell blocks in those battery systems that are provided with only a single
control or protection for charging voltage control.
e If the positive and negative terminals of a battery are not accessible, the manufacturer is allowed to modify
the sample(s) to make the terminals available, for example, in accordance with 7.2.1. The modification shall
be done in a way which makes it unlikely that the test result is influenced.
7 Specific requirements and tests
7.1 Charging procedures for test purposes
Prior to charging, the cell or battery system shall be discharged in an ambient temperature of
25 °C ± 5 °C, at a constant current of 0,2 I A, down to a specified final voltage.
t
Unless otherwise stated in this document, cells or batteries battery systems shall be charged
in an ambient temperature of 25 °C ± 5 °C, using the method specified by the manufacturer.
NOTE 1 Charging and discharging currents for the tests are based on the value of the rated capacity (C Ah). These
n
currents are expressed as a multiple of I A, where: I A = C Ah/1 h (see IEC 61434).
t t n
NOTE 2 The battery system which cannot be discharged at a constant current of 0,2 I A can be discharged at the
t
current specified by the manufacturer.
7.2 Reasonably foreseeable misuse
7.2.1 External short-circuit test (cell or cell block)
a) Requirements
Short-circuit between the positive and negative terminals shall not cause fire or explosion.
b) Test
Fully charged cells are stored in an ambient temperature of 25 °C ± 5 °C. Each cell is then
short-circuited by connecting the positive and negative terminals with a total external
resistance of 30 mΩ ± 10 mΩ.
The cells are to remain on test for 6 h or until the case temperature declines by 80 % of the
maximum temperature rise, whichever is the sooner.
c) Acceptance criteria
No fire, no explosion.
7.2.2 Impact test (cell or cell block)
a) Requirements
An impact to the cell as mentioned in 7.2.2 b) shall not cause fire or explosion.
b) Test
The cell or cell block shall be discharged at a constant current of 0,2 I A, to 50 % SOC
t
capacity of the rated capacity.
The cell or cell block is placed on a flat concrete or metal floor.
...
IEC 62619 ®
Edition 2.0 2022-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
electrolytes – Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries,
for use in industrial applications
Accumulateurs alcalins et autres accumulateurs à électrolyte non acide –
Exigences de sécurité pour les accumulateurs au lithium pour utilisation dans
des applications industrielles
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IEC 62619 ®
Edition 2.0 2022-05
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
electrolytes – Safety requirements for secondary lithium cells and batteries,
for use in industrial applications
Accumulateurs alcalins et autres accumulateurs à électrolyte non acide –
Exigences de sécurité pour les accumulateurs au lithium pour utilisation dans
des applications industrielles
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 29.220.30 ISBN 978-2-8322-2497-7
– 2 – IEC 62619:2022 © IEC 2022
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 6
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 Parameter measurement tolerances . 10
5 General safety considerations . 10
5.1 General . 10
5.2 Insulation and wiring . 11
5.3 Venting . 11
5.4 Temperature/voltage/current management . 11
5.5 Terminal contacts of the battery pack and/or battery system . 11
5.6 Assembly of cells, modules, or battery packs into battery systems . 11
5.6.1 General . 11
5.6.2 Battery system design . 12
5.7 Operating region of lithium cells and battery systems for safe use . 12
5.8 System lock (or system lock function) . 12
5.9 Quality plan . 12
6 Type test conditions . 12
6.1 General . 12
6.2 Test items . 13
7 Specific requirements and tests . 14
7.1 Charging procedures for test purposes . 14
7.2 Reasonably foreseeable misuse . 15
7.2.1 External short-circuit test (cell or cell block) . 15
7.2.2 Impact test (cell or cell block) . 15
7.2.3 Drop test (cell or cell block, and battery system) . 16
7.2.4 Thermal abuse test (cell or cell block) . 18
7.2.5 Overcharge test (cell or cell block) . 19
7.2.6 Forced discharge test (cell or cell block) . 19
7.3 Considerations for internal short-circuit – Design evaluation . 20
7.3.1 General . 20
7.3.2 Internal short-circuit test (cell) . 20
7.3.3 Propagation test (battery system) . 22
8 Battery system safety (considering functional safety) . 23
8.1 General requirements . 23
8.2 Battery management system (or battery management unit) . 23
8.2.1 Requirements for the BMS . 23
8.2.2 Overcharge control of voltage (battery system) . 24
8.2.3 Overcharge control of current (battery system) . 25
8.2.4 Overheating control (battery system) . 26
9 EMC . 26
10 Information for safety . 26
11 Marking and designation . 27
12 Packaging and transport . 27
Annex A (normative) Operating region of cells for safe use . 28
A.1 General . 28
A.2 Charging conditions for safe use . 28
A.3 Considerations on charging voltage . 28
A.4 Considerations on temperature . 29
A.5 High temperature range . 29
A.6 Low temperature range . 29
A.7 Discharging conditions for safe use . 30
A.8 Example of operating region . 30
Annex B (informative) Procedure of propagation test by laser irradiation (see 7.3.3) . 32
B.1 General . 32
B.2 Test conditions . 32
B.2.1 Cell test (preliminary test) . 32
B.2.2 Battery system test (main test) . 33
Annex C (informative) Procedure of propagation test by methods other than laser (see
7.3.3) . 35
C.1 General . 35
C.2 Test conditions . 35
C.3 Methods for initiating the thermal runaway . 35
Annex D (informative) Packaging and transport . 36
Bibliography . 37
Figure 1 – Configuration of the impact test . 16
Figure 2 – Impact location . 18
Figure 3 – Configuration for the shortest edge drop test . 18
Figure 4 – Configuration for the corner drop test . 18
Figure 5 – Jig for pressing . 21
Figure 6 – Examples of BMS locations and battery system configurations . 24
Figure 7 – Example of the circuit configuration for overcharge control of voltage . 25
Figure A.1 – An example of operating region for charging of typical lithium ion cells . 30
Figure A.2 – An example of operating region for discharging of typical lithium ion cells . 31
Figure B.1 – Example of the test layout . 33
Figure B.2 – Example of typical temperature trend of the cell . 33
Table 1 – Sample size for type tests . 14
Table 2 – Drop test method and condition . 17
– 4 – IEC 62619:2022 © IEC 2022
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
SECONDARY CELLS AND BATTERIES CONTAINING
ALKALINE OR OTHER NON-ACID ELECTROLYTES –
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS
AND BATTERIES, FOR USE IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote international
co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and
in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications, Technical Reports,
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC Publication(s)”). Their
preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with
may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising
with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence between
any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of patent
rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
IEC 62619 has been prepared by subcommittee 21A: Secondary cells and batteries containing
alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes, of IEC technical committee 21: Secondary cells and
batteries. It is an International Standard.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2017. This edition
constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous
edition:
a) new requirements for moving parts;
b) addition of requirements for hazardous live parts;
c) addition of requirements for battery system design;
d) new requirements for system lock;
e) new requirements for EMC;
f) addition of procedure of propagation test by laser.
The text of this International Standard is based on the following documents:
Draft Report on voting
21A/785/FDIS 21A/787/RVD
Full information on the voting for its approval can be found in the report on voting indicated in
the above table.
The language used for the development of this International Standard is English.
This document was drafted in accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2, and developed in
accordance with ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1 and ISO/IEC Directives, IEC Supplement, available
at www.iec.ch/members_experts/refdocs. The main document types developed by IEC are
described in greater detail at www.iec.ch/standardsdev/publications.
The committee has decided that the contents of this document will remain unchanged until the
stability date indicated on the IEC website under webstore.iec.ch in the data related to the
specific document. At this date, the document will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates that it
contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding of its
contents. Users should therefore print this document using a colour printer.
– 6 – IEC 62619:2022 © IEC 2022
SECONDARY CELLS AND BATTERIES CONTAINING
ALKALINE OR OTHER NON-ACID ELECTROLYTES –
SAFETY REQUIREMENTS FOR SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS
AND BATTERIES, FOR USE IN INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS
1 Scope
This document specifies requirements and tests for the safe operation of secondary lithium cells
and batteries used in industrial applications, including stationary applications.
When there exists an IEC International Standard specifying test conditions and requirements
for cells used in special applications and which is in conflict with this document, the former
takes precedence (e.g., IEC 62660 series on road vehicles).
The following are some examples of applications that utilize cells and batteries under the scope
of this document:
• Stationary applications: telecom, uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), electrical energy
storage system, utility switching, emergency power, and similar applications.
• Motive applications: forklift truck, golf cart, automated guided vehicle (AGV), railway
vehicles, and marine vehicles, with the exception of road vehicles.
Since this document covers batteries for various industrial applications, it includes those
requirements which are common and minimum to the various applications.
Electrical safety is included only as a part of the risk analysis of Clause 8. In regard to details
for addressing electrical safety, the end use application standard requirements need to be
considered.
This document applies to cells and batteries. If the battery is divided into smaller units, the
smaller unit can be tested as the representative of the battery. The manufacturer clearly
declares the tested unit. The manufacturer can add functions, which are present in the final
battery to the tested unit.
This document addresses first life cells and batteries. Reuse, repurpose, second life use or
similar are not taken into consideration by this document.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies.
For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any
amendments) applies.
IEC 62133-2:2017, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
electrolytes – Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary lithium cells, and for batteries
made from them, for use in portable applications – Part 2: Lithium systems
IEC 62620:2014, Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid
electrolytes – Secondary lithium cells and batteries for use in industrial applications
ISO/IEC Guide 51, Safety aspects – Guidelines for their inclusion in standards
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in ISO/IEC Guide 51, and
the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following
addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at http://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at http://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
safety
freedom from unacceptable risk
3.2
risk
combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.9, modified – deletion of Note 1 to entry.]
3.3
harm
physical injury or damage to the health of people, or damage to property or to the environment
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.1]
3.4
hazard
potential source of harm
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.2]
3.5
intended use
use of a product, process or service in accordance with specifications, instructions and
information provided by the supplier
3.6
reasonably foreseeable misuse
use of a product, process or service in a way not intended by the supplier, but which can result
from readily predictable human behaviour
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC Guide 51:2014, 3.7, modified – "or system" has been replaced with
"process or service" and notes to entry deleted.]
3.7
secondary lithium cell
cell
secondary cell where electrical energy is derived from the insertion/extraction reactions of
lithium ions or oxidation/reduction reaction of lithium between the negative electrode and the
positive electrode
Note 1 to entry: The cell typically has an electrolyte that consists of a lithium salt and organic solvent compound in
liquid, gel or solid form and has a metal or a laminate film casing. It is not ready for use in an application because it
is not yet fitted with its final housing, terminal arrangement and electronic control device.
– 8 – IEC 62619:2022 © IEC 2022
3.8
cell block
group of cells connected together in parallel configuration with or without protective devices
(e.g. fuse or positive temperature coefficient device (PTC)) and monitoring circuitry
Note 1 to entry: The cell block is not ready for use in an application because it is not yet fitted with its final housing,
terminal arrangement and electronic control device.
3.9
module
group of cells connected together either in a series and/or parallel configuration with or without
protective devices (e.g. fuse or positive temperature coefficient device (PTC)) and monitoring
circuitry
3.10
battery pack
energy storage device, which comprises one or more cells or modules electrically connected
and has monitoring circuitry which provides information (e.g. cell voltage) to a battery system
to influence the battery's safety, performance and/or service life
Note 1 to entry: The battery pack may incorporate a protective housing and be provided with terminals or other
interconnection arrangements.
3.11
battery system
battery
system which comprises one or more cells, modules or battery packs and has a battery
management system capable of controlling current in case of overcharge, overcurrent,
overdischarge, and overheating
Note 1 to entry: Overdischarge cut-off is not mandatory if there is an agreement between the cell manufacturer and
the customer.
Note 2 to entry: The battery system may have cooling or heating units. More than one battery system may constitute
a larger battery system. The battery system is sometimes also referred to as a battery.
3.12
battery management system
BMS
electronic system associated with a battery which has functions to control current in case of
overcharge, overcurrent, overdischarge, and overheating and which monitors and/or manages
the battery's state, calculates secondary data, reports that data and/or controls its environment
to influence the battery's safety, performance and/or service life
Note 1 to entry: Overdischarge cut-off is not mandatory if there is an agreement between the cell manufacturer and
the customer.
Note 2 to entry: The function of the BMS can be assigned to the battery pack or to equipment that uses the battery.
(See Figure 6.)
Note 3 to entry: The BMS can be divided and it can be found partially in the battery pack and partially on the
equipment that uses the battery. (See Figure 6.)
Note 4 to entry: The BMS is sometimes also referred to as a BMU (battery management unit).
3.13
leakage
visible escape of liquid electrolyte
3.14
venting
release of excessive internal pressure from a cell, module, battery pack, or battery system in a
manner intended by design to preclude rupture or explosion
3.15
rupture
mechanical failure of a cell container or battery case induced by an internal or external cause,
resulting in exposure or spillage but not ejection of materials
3.16
explosion
failure that occurs when a cell container or battery case opens violently and solid components
are forcibly expelled
Note 1 to entry: Liquid, gas, and smoke are excepted.
3.17
fire
emission of flames from a cell, module, battery pack, or battery system for more than 1 s
Note 1 to entry: Sparks and arcing are not considered as flames.
3.18
rated capacity
capacity value of a cell or battery determined under specified conditions and declared by the
manufacturer
Note 1 to entry: The rated capacity is the quantity of electricity C Ah (ampere-hours) declared by the manufacturer
n
which a single cell or battery can deliver during an n-hour period when charging, storing and discharging under the
conditions specified in IEC 62620:2014, 6.3.1.
[SOURCE: IEC 60050-482:2004, 482-03-15, modified – Addition of the words "cell or" in the
definition and of Note 1 to entry.]
3.19
upper limit charging voltage
highest charging voltage in the cell operating region specified by the cell
manufacturer
3.20
lower limit discharging voltage
lowest discharging voltage in the cell operating region specified by the cell
manufacturer
3.21
maximum charging current
highest charging current in the cell operating region specified by the cell
manufacturer
3.22
maximum discharging current
highest discharging current in the cell operating region specified by the cell
manufacturer
3.23
thermal runaway
uncontrolled intensive increase in the temperature of a cell driven by exothermic reaction
– 10 – IEC 62619:2022 © IEC 2022
4 Parameter measurement tolerances
The overall accuracy of controlled or measured values, relative to the specified or actual
parameters, shall be within these tolerances:
a) ±0,5 % for voltage;
b) ±1 % for current;
c) ±2 °C for temperature;
d) ±0,1 % for time;
e) ±1 % for mass;
f) ±1 % for dimensions.
These tolerances comprise the combined accuracy of the measuring instruments, the
measurement techniques used, and all other sources of error in the test procedure.
The details of the instrumentation used shall be provided in any report of results.
5 General safety considerations
5.1 General
The safety of lithium secondary cells and battery systems requires the consideration of two sets
of applied conditions:
1) intended use;
2) reasonably foreseeable misuse.
Cells and battery systems shall be designed and constructed so that they are safe under
conditions of intended use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. It may also be expected that
cells and battery systems subjected to intended use shall not only be safe but shall continue to
be functional in all respects.
It is expected that cells or battery systems subjected to misuse may fail to function. However,
even if such a situation occurs, they shall not present any significant hazards.
Potential hazards which are the subject of this document are:
a) fire,
b) burst/explosion,
c) leakage of cell electrolyte,
d) venting with continuous emission of flammable and/or toxic gas and/or smoke,
e) rupture of the casing of cell, module, battery pack, or battery system with exposure of
internal components.
Conformity with 5.1 a) and b) is checked by the tests of Clause 6, Clause 7, and 8.2, and in
accordance with the appropriate standard (see Clause 2). Conformity with 5.1 c) to e) and with
5.2 to 5.6 is checked by analysis of documents mentioned in 8.1.
Moving parts that have potential to cause human injuries shall be applied using an appropriate
design and necessary measures to reduce the risk of injuries, including those injuries that may
be incurred during installation, while cells or battery systems are being incorporated into
equipment.
5.2 Insulation and wiring
Wiring and its insulation shall be sufficient to withstand the maximum anticipated voltage,
current, temperature, altitude and humidity requirements. The design of an internal wiring shall
be such that adequate clearances and creepage distances are maintained between conductors
and live parts at different voltages or between live parts and non-current-carrying accessible
parts. Hazardous live parts of the battery system shall be protected to avoid the risk of electric
shocks, including during installation.
The mechanical integrity of the whole battery system (cell/module/BMS) and their connections
shall be sufficient to accommodate conditions of reasonably foreseeable misuse.
5.3 Venting
The casing of a cell, module, battery pack, and battery system shall incorporate a pressure
relief function that will preclude rupture or explosion. If encapsulation is used to support cells
within an outer case, the type of encapsulating material and the method of encapsulation shall
neither cause the battery system to overheat during normal operation nor inhibit pressure relief.
5.4 Temperature/voltage/current management
The design of battery systems shall be such that abnormal temperature-rise conditions are
prevented. Battery systems shall be designed within voltage, current, and temperature limits
specified by the cell manufacturer. Battery systems shall be provided with specifications and
charging instructions for equipment manufacturers so that associated chargers are designed to
maintain charging within the voltage, current and temperature limits specified.
5.5 Terminal contacts of the battery pack and/or battery system
Terminals shall have clear polarity marking(s) on the external surface of the battery pack or
battery system.
Battery packs with keyed external connectors designed for connection to specific end products
need not be marked with polarity markings if the design of the external connector prevents
reverse polarity connections.
The size and shape of the terminal contacts shall ensure that they can carry the maximum
anticipated current. External terminal contact surfaces shall be formed from conductive
materials with good mechanical strength and corrosion resistance. Terminal contacts shall be
arranged so as to minimize the risk of short-circuits, for example to minimize the risk of short-
circuits by metal tools. Compliance is determined through a review of the terminal specifications.
5.6 Assembly of cells, modules, or battery packs into battery systems
5.6.1 General
The assembly of cells, modules or battery packs to constitute the battery system shall respect
the following rules to support adequate mitigation of risks as regard to the battery system:
• Each battery system shall have an independent control and protection method(s).
NOTE For the independent control and protection method(s), see 8.2.
• The cell manufacturer shall provide recommendations about current, voltage, temperature
limits and should provide mounting advice, storage conditions, maximum number of cells in
series (for cell internal protection such as a current interrupt device (CID)) so that the battery
system manufacturer/designer may ensure proper design and assembly.
• Battery systems that are designed for the selective discharging of a portion of their series
connected cells shall incorporate separate circuitry to prevent the cell reversal caused by
uneven discharging.
– 12 – IEC 62619:2022 © IEC 2022
• Protective circuit components should be added as appropriate and consideration given to
the end-device application.
5.6.2 Battery system design
The voltage control function of the battery system design shall ensure that the voltage of each
cell or cell block shall not exceed the upper limit charging voltage specified by the manufacturer
of the cells, except in the case where the end-devices provide the voltage control function. In
such a case, the end-devices are considered as part of the battery system. Refer to Note 2 and
Note 3 in 3.12.
The battery shall be designed so that the maximum charging current or the maximum
discharging current of the cell are not exceeded before the maximum allowed charging or
discharging current of the battery is reached.
5.7 Operating region of lithium cells and battery systems for safe use
The cell manufacturer shall specify the cell operating region. The battery system manufacturer
shall design the battery system to comply with the cell operating region. Determination of the
cell operating region is in accordance with Annex A.
5.8 System lock (or system lock function)
The battery system shall have a non-resettable function to stop operation when one or more
cells in the battery system deviates from the operating region during operation. This feature
shall not be user resettable or allow for automatic reset.
The function of the battery system may be returned after checking that the status of the battery
system complies with the battery system manufacturer manual, i.e. the battery system
maintenance manual shall clearly set out this procedure.
Depending on the application, a battery system may allow a final discharge, for example to
provide emergency functions. In this case, cell limits (e.g. lower limit discharge voltage or upper
temperature limit) may deviate once within the range where the cell does not cause dangerous
reactions. Therefore, the cell manufacturer shall provide the second set of limits in which the
cell in the battery system may accept one discharge without dangerous reactions. The cell
should not be further recharged after this last discharge.
5.9 Quality plan
The battery system manufacturer shall prepare and implement a quality plan that defines
procedures for the inspection of materials, components, cells, modules, battery packs, and
battery systems and which covers the whole process of producing each type of cell, module,
battery pack, and battery system (e.g. ISO 9001, etc.). Manufacturers should understand their
process capabilities and should institute the necessary process controls in relation to product
safety.
6 Type test conditions
6.1 General
A cell in the battery system that is used outside of its operating region may exhibit hazards
resulting from the cells or battery systems. Such risks shall be taken into consideration in order
to prepare a safe test plan.
The test facility should have sufficient structural integrity and a fire suppression system to
sustain the conditions of overpressure and fire that may occur as a result of testing. The facility
should have a ventilation system to remove and capture gas which might be produced during
the tests. Consideration should be given to high voltage hazards when applicable.
Warning: THESE TESTS USE PROCEDURES WHICH MAY RESULT IN HARM IF ADEQUATE PRECAUTIONS
ARE NOT TAKEN. TESTS SHOULD ONLY BE PERFORMED BY QUALIFIED AND EXPERIENCED
TECHNICIANS USING ADEQUATE PROTECTION. TO PREVENT BURNS, CAUTION SHOULD BE
TAKEN FOR THOSE CELLS OR BATTERY SYSTEMS WHOSE CASINGS MAY EXCEED 75 °C AS A
RESULT OF TESTING.
6.2 Test items
Tests are made with the number of cells or battery systems specified in Table 1, using cells or
battery systems that are stored for not more than six months, under conditions specified by the
cell or battery system manufacturer.
Cells or battery systems charged in accordance with the method specified in 7.1 shall deliver
the rated capacity or more according to IEC 62620:2014, 6.3.1 when they are discharged
at 25 °C ± 5 °C, at a constant current of 0,2 I A according to IEC 62620:2014, 6.3.1, down to a
t
specified final voltage. This capacity confirmation may be done during the cell manufacturer
shipping inspection. In the case of a battery system, the capacity may be calculated on the
basis of the cell capacity as measured during the cell manufacturer shipping inspection.
Unless otherwise specified, tests are carried out in an ambient temperature of 25 °C ± 5 °C.
NOTE Test conditions are for type tests only and do not imply that intended use includes operation under these
conditions. Similarly, the limit of six months is introduced for consistency and does not imply that cell and battery
system safety is reduced after six months.
– 14 – IEC 62619:2022 © IEC 2022
Table 1 – Sample size for type tests
Test items Test unit
Cell Battery system
Category Test
(see a) (see b and e)
7.2.1 External short-circuit test R -
7.2.2 Impact test R (see c) -
7.2.3 Drop test R R
7.2.4 Thermal abuse test R -
Product safety test
7.2.5 Overcharge test R (see d) -
(safety of cell and
battery system)
7.2.6 Forced discharge test R -
7.3 Considerations 7.3.2 Internal short- R* -
for internal short- circuit test
circuit (select one
7.3.3 Propagation - R
of the two options)
test
8.2.2 Overcharge control of voltage - R
Functional safety test
(safety of battery 8.2.3 Overcharge control of current - R
system)
8.2.4 Overheating control - R
"R" = required (minimum of 1)
"R*" = required. As for the sample number, refer to IEC 62133-2:2017, 7.3.9.
"-" = unnecessary or not applicable
a The manufacturer can use "cell block(s)" instead of "cell(s)" for any test that specifies "cell(s)" as the test unit
in this document. The manufacturer clearly declares the test unit for each test.
b If a battery system is divided into smaller units, the unit can be tested as representative of the battery system.
The manufacturer can add functions which are present in the final battery system to the tested unit. The
manufacturer clearly declares the tested unit.
c Cylindrical cell or cell block: 1 direction, prismatic cell (including cell with laminate film case) or cell block: 2
directions.
d The test is performed with the cells or cell blocks in those battery systems that are provided with only a single
control or protection for charging voltage control.
e If the positive and negative terminals of a battery are not accessible, the manufacturer is allowed to modify
the sample(s) to make the terminals available, for example, in accordance with 7.2.1. The modification shall
be done in a way which makes it unlikely that the test result is influenced.
7 Specific requirements and tests
7.1 Charging procedures for test purposes
Prior to charging, the cell or battery system shall be discharged in an ambient temperature of
25 °C ± 5 °C, at a constant current of 0,2 I A, down to a specified final voltage.
t
Unless otherwise stated in this document, cells or battery systems shall be charged in an
ambient temperature of 25 °C ± 5 °C, using the method specified by the manufacturer.
NOTE 1 Charging and discharging currents for the tests are based on the value of the rated capacity (C Ah). These
n
currents are expressed as a multiple of I A, where: I A = C Ah/1 h (see IEC 61434).
t t n
NOTE 2 The battery system which cannot be discharged at a constant current of 0,2 I A can be discharged at the
t
current specified by the manufacturer.
7.2 Reasonably foreseeable misuse
7.2.1 External short-circuit test (cell or cell block)
a) Requirements
Short-circuit between the positive and negative terminals shall not cause fire or explosion.
b) Test
Fully charged cells are stored in an ambient temperature of 25 °C ± 5 °C. Each cell is then
short-circuited by connecting the positive and negative terminals with a total external
resistance of 30 mΩ ± 10 mΩ.
The cells are to remain on test for 6 h or until
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