IEC 60436:2004
(Main)Electric dishwashers for household use - Methods for measuring the performance
Electric dishwashers for household use - Methods for measuring the performance
Lave-vaisselle électriques à usage domestique - Méthodes de mesure de l'aptitude à la fonction
La CEI 60436:2004 s'applique aux lave-vaisselle électriques à usage domestique alimentés en eau chaude et/ou froide. L'objet de la présente norme est d établir et de définir les caractéristiques principales d aptitude à la fonction des lave-vaisselle électriques à usage domestique et de décrire les méthodes normalisées de mesure de ces caractéristiques.
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD 60436
Third edition
2004-02
Electric dishwashers for household use –
Methods for measuring the performance
Reference number
Publication numbering
As from 1 January 1997 all IEC publications are issued with a designation in the
60000 series. For example, IEC 34-1 is now referred to as IEC 60034-1.
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edition numbers 1.0, 1.1 and 1.2 refer, respectively, to the base publication, the
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INTERNATIONAL IEC
STANDARD 60436
Third edition
2004-02
Electric dishwashers for household use –
Methods for measuring the performance
IEC 2004 Copyright - all rights reserved
No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
International Electrotechnical Commission, 3, rue de Varembé, PO Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland
Telephone: +41 22 919 02 11 Telefax: +41 22 919 03 00 E-mail: inmail@iec.ch Web: www.iec.ch
PRICE CODE
Commission Electrotechnique Internationale XA
International Electrotechnical Commission
МеждународнаяЭлектротехническаяКомиссия
For price, see current catalogue
– 2 – 60436 IEC:2004(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
1 Scope.7
2 Normative references.7
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 List of measurements .9
5 General conditions for measurements.9
5.1 General.9
5.2 Conditioning of the machine under test and sequence of test procedures .10
5.3 Electricity supply for machines .10
5.4 Test programme.11
5.5 Ambient conditions.11
5.6 Water supply.11
5.7 Detergent.12
5.8 Rinse agent.13
5.9 Salt.13
6 Cleaning performance.13
6.1 General and purpose .13
6.2 Load.13
6.3 Soiling agents.14
6.4 Preparation and application of soiling agents.14
6.5 Drying of the soiled dishes .21
6.6 Loading and operating .22
6.7 Evaluation.22
6.8 Expressing results.27
7 Drying performance.27
7.1 General and purpose .27
7.2 Load.27
7.3 Loading and operating .27
7.4 Evaluation.28
7.5 Expressing results.31
8 Energy consumption, water consumption and time .31
8.1 General and purpose .31
8.2 Method of measurement.31
9 Airborne acoustical noise.33
Annex A (normative) Place settings and serving pieces (non-AHAM style load) .34
Annex B (normative) AHAM style load.36
Annex C (informative) Illustration of soil distribution.39
Annex D (normative) Test materials for laboratories.40
Annex E (normative) Description of the reference machine .42
Annex F (informative) Addresses of suppliers .46
Annex G (normative) Microwave oven and through-circulation thermal cabinet .50
60436 IEC:2004(E) – 3 –
Annex H (informative) Guidelines for assessing cleaning performance.51
Annex I (normative) Test enclosure for built-in dishwasher.53
Annex J (informative) Flow chart – test sequence for IEC 60436.54
Annex K (normative) Shade chart.55
Annex L (informative) Test report format .56
Annex M (informative) Adjusting water consumption in the reference dishwasher.59
Bibliography.60
Figure 1 – Position of the glasses on the microwave turntable .16
Figure I.1 – Test enclosure for built-in dishwasher .53
Table 1 – Evaluation of Cleaning Tests .23
Table 2 – Evaluation to determine the cleaning index.24
Table 3 – Numerical Values of the t-factor for statistical calculations .26
Table 4 – Evaluation to determine the drying index .29
– 4 – 60436 IEC:2004(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTRIC DISHWASHERS FOR HOUSEHOLD USE –
METHODS FOR MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
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with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
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4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
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between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
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Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60436 has been prepared by subcommittee 59A: Electric
dishwashers, of IEC technical committee 59: Performance of household electrical appliances.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1981 and constitutes a
technical revision. Major changes introduced in the second edition include
• changes made to the soils used in the standard;
• the use of an oven and microwave oven to dry the soils;
• the alternate 15 to 18 hour air dry method to dry the soils;
• the addition of a reference dishwasher;
• the recognition of alternate supply voltages and frequencies;
• the recognition of a cold or hot water supply to the dishwasher;
• the detergent and rinse aid compositions have been uprated to reflect current technology;
• the addition of the Aham load;
• the evaluation of the filter systems;
60436 IEC:2004(E) – 5 –
• the modification of the scoring system from 2 to 5 grades;
• the definition of program and cycle time;
• the temperature correction for energy testing;
• harmonization of ambient conditions.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
59A/114A/FDIS 59A/116/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
2006. At this date, the publication will be either:
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
– 6 – 60436 IEC:2004(E)
INTRODUCTION
In 1996, IEC subcommittee 59A charged its Working Group 2 with the revision of the second
edition of IEC 60436 to make it suitable for the international needs and to make it suitable for
the current levels of dishwasher performance and technology.
The second edition was published in 1981 and has not been significantly updated.
SC59A instructed the WG2 to take the Cenelec draft standard EN 50242 as the basis for the
third edition.
An important reason for the third edition was the need to take into account the needs of all
countries such as varying voltages and frequencies, different water supply temperatures and
water hardness and availability of specified soils in in the various countries.
To meet the goal the following significant technical changes were made.
• The repeatability and reproducibility of the test results have been improved by the
introduction of the same model reference dishwasher specified for all locations.
• The soils have been changed to reflect the modern dishwasher's capability.
• The preparation of the soils has been improved to enhance repeatability and reproducibility
by the introduction of new drying methods.
• The standard also recognizes various supply voltages and frequencies,cold or hot water
supply, an alternate Aham load, the evaluation of dishwasher filter systems.
• The standard has updated the formulation of the detergent and rinse agents to reflect the
producs on the market today.
• The standard has increased the sensitivity of the grading scale from two to five points to
improve repeatability and reproducibility.
• Ambient conditions have been brought closer to harmonization.
• More detailed instructions have been provided for the installation of the various designs of
dishwashers.
• Correction formulae have been provided for the correction of energy consumption
measurements for varying water supply temperature.
60436 IEC:2004(E) – 7 –
ELECTRIC DISHWASHERS FOR HOUSEHOLD USE –
METHODS FOR MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE
1 Scope
This international standard applies to electric dishwashers for household use that are supplied
with hot and/or cold water.
The object is to state and define the principal performance characteristics of electric
dishwashers for household use and to describe the standard methods of measuring these
characteristics.
This standard is concerned neither with safety nor with performance requirements.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60350, Electric cooking ranges, hobs, ovens and grills for household use – Methods for
measuring performance
IEC 60704-2-3, Household and similar electrical appliances – Test code for the determination
of airborne acoustical noise – Part 2-3: Particular requirements for dishwashers
IEC 60704-3, Test code for the determination of airborne acoustical noise emitted by
household and similar electrical appliances – Part 3: Procedure for determining and verifying
declared noise emission values
IEC 60705, Household microwave ovens – Methods for measuring performance
IEC 60734, Household electrical appliances – Performance – Hard water for testing
ISO 607, Surface active agents and detergents – Methods of sample division
AHAM DW-1:2003: Performance testing methods for household electric dishwashers
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
dishwasher
machine which cleans, rinses, and dries dishware, glassware, cutlery, and, in some cases,
cooking utensils by chemical, mechanical, thermal, and electric means. A dishwasher may or
may not have a specific drying operation at the end of the program
– 8 – 60436 IEC:2004(E)
3.2
rated dishwasher capacity
whole number of place settings together with the serving pieces (see Annexes A & B) stated
by the manufacturer, which can be cleaned and dried when loaded in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions
3.3
operation
each event that occurs during the dishwasher programme such as cleaning, rinsing or drying
3.4
programme
series of operations which are pre-defined within the dishwasher and which are declared as
suitable for specified levels of soil and/or type of load and together form a complete cycle
3.5
cycle
complete washing, rinsing, and drying process, as defined by the programme selected,
consisting of a series of operations
3.6
programme time
programme time is measured from the initiation of the programme (excluding any user
programmed delay) until an end of programme indicator. If there is no end of programme
indicator, the programme time is equal to the cycle time
3.7
cycle time
cycle time is measured from the initiation of the programme (excluding any user programmed
delay) until all activity ceases (i.e. the end of the cycle)
3.8
automatic dispenser
device activated automatically which injects or dispenses detergent, rinse agent, etc., one or
more times into the dishwasher at predetermined points in the dishwasher cycle
3.9
non-automatic dispenser
device, usually a fixed cup or cavity on the dishwasher door, cover, or dish rack, which
deposits a previously measured amount of detergent, rinse agent, etc., into the dishwasher at
the beginning of the dishwasher cycle
3.10
water softener
device which reduces the hardness of water
3.11
rack
support for holding dishware, cutlery, and/or glassware in the dishwasher
3.12
detergent
cleaning agent in powder, granular, tablet or liquid form, manufactured for use in household
electric dishwashers to aid in the removal of food soils by chemical means
NOTE A reference detergent in powder form is specified for use in this standard (see 5.7).
60436 IEC:2004(E) – 9 –
3.13
rinse agent
chemical agent added to the water in the last rinsing operation to improve the drying effect
and reduce water marks
NOTE Two reference rinse agents are specified for use in this standard (see 5.8).
3.14
serving pieces
defined set of crockery and cutlery for serving (see Annexes A and B)
3.15
place settings
defined set of crockery, glass and cutlery for use by one person(see Annexes A and B)
4 List of measurements
Standard methods of measuring the performance characteristics are determined as follows:
– cleaning performance according to Clause 6;
– drying performance according to Clause 7;
– energy, water consumption and time according to Clause 8;
– airborne acoustical noise according to Clause 9.
5 General conditions for measurements
5.1 General
The dishwasher manufacturer’s instructions regarding installation and use of the dishwasher
shall be followed, except where there is a conflict, in which case this standard shall prevail.
Performance tests according to this standard shall be generally carried out on a new machine,
with a reference machine running parallel with the machine(s) under test, i.e., at the same
time under the same conditions using soil prepared at the same time from the same batch.
The reference machine shall be in accordance with the description given in Annex E.
The reference machine shall always be installed as a free standing machine independent of
the type of machine under test.
Before commencing measurements, the dishwasher and the reference machine shall be
checked to ensure that they are operating properly.
All tests shall be started with the appliances at the ambient temperature according to 5.5.
5.1.1 Free standing dishwashers
Dishwashers shall be tested as free standing except where they are designated as built–in or
integrated (refer to 5.1.2). Dishwashers that can be installed as either free standing or built-
in/integrated shall be tested as free standing.
5.1.2 Built in and integrated dishwashers
Built-in dishwashers have to be installed in an enclosure. See Figure I.1.
– 10 – 60436 IEC:2004(E)
The front edge of the housing of the dishwasher (except the door) shall be 20 mm to 25 mm
behind the front edge of the test enclosure. If required by the manufacturer’s instructions, the
enclosure shall be provided with ventilation openings accordingly.
If an appliance is provided with spacers, strips or other special means of solid or resilient
material for closing the gap(s) between the contours of the appliance and the cabinet
enclosure, these means shall be used accordingly. If such means are not provided, the gap(s)
shall be left open.
Appliances to be integrated shall be installed under the same conditions as built-in
appliances. In addition, the door of the dishwasher shall be equipped, in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instruction, with a board of the maximum size allowed by the manufacturer and
of the same material and thickness as the test enclosure; see Annex I.
Moreover, for integrated types, the test enclosure shall be provided, in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions, at its lower front side with a skirting board of the maximum height
which corresponds with the size of the board on the door of the appliance and of the same
material and thickness as the test enclosure, see Annex I. If no instructions are given by the
manufacturer, a skirting board as described above shall be pressed against the skirting board
of the appliance.
5.2 Conditioning of the machine under test and sequence of test procedures
Before conducting the performance tests, the dishwasher shall be operated for at least 3
complete cycles using a clean load with reference detergent (specified in 5.7) and without
rinse agent. The following cycle(s) can be a noise test according to Clause 9. No additional
cycles shall be carried out on the machine under test between the sequential steps specified
in the following procedure.
The tests shall be performed in the following order: cleaning performance (Clause 6) then
drying performance (Clause 7). The determination of energy, water and cycle/program time
(Clause 8) shall be done in conjunction with a wash performance test (Clause 6).
NOTE 1 The above sequence is necessary for better reproducibility, i.e. to avoid differences in drying
performance due to the ageing process of the plastic parts in the dishwasher (for example, racks).
NOTE 2 Any cycles or operations performed on the appliance during the manufacture of the product are ignored.
NOTE 3 Noise tests require that the test should be carried out before the rinse aid dispenser is filled for the first
time.
5.3 Electricity supply for machines
5.3.1 Electricity supply for test machine
5.3.1.1 Voltage
The test voltage shall be set at the rated voltage of the machine and maintained within the
range of ±2 % throughout the test. If a voltage range is indicated, then the test voltage shall
be set at the nominal voltage of the country in which the appliance is intended to be used. The
measured voltage shall be reported.
NOTE If the rated voltage of the machine differs from the system voltage of the country of intended use,
measurements should be carried out at the nominal voltage of the country of intended use.
5.3.1.2 Frequency
The supply frequency shall be set at the rated frequency of the machine and maintained within
the range ±1 % throughout the test. If a frequency range is indicated, then the testing shall be
carried out at the nominal frequency of the country in which the appliance is intended to be
used. The measured frequency shall be reported.
60436 IEC:2004(E) – 11 –
NOTE If the rated frequency of the machine differs from the system frequency of the country of intended use,
measurements should be carried out at the nominal frequency of the country of intended use.
5.3.2 Electricity supply for the reference machine
5.3.2.1 Voltage
The supply voltage shall be set at 230 V a.c. and maintained within ±2 % throughout the test.
The measured voltage shall be reported.
5.3.2.2 Frequency
The supply frequency shall be set at 50 Hz and maintained within ±1 % throughout the test.
The measured frequency shall be reported.
5.4 Test programme
The first programme to be tested shall be the one recommended by the manufacturer for a
normally soiled load.
NOTE In some countries the manufacturer has to declare the programme to be used, for the purpose of energy
labelling (which may not be for a normally soiled load), in which case this programme shall be the one tested first.
The same programme shall be used for measuring the cleaning performance according to
Clause 6, the drying performance according to Clause 7, the energy and water consumption
and time according to Clause 8, and the noise according to Clause 9, if tested.
Additional programmes may then be tested.
5.5 Ambient conditions
The following ambient conditions shall be maintained throughout the measurements.
Oven drying method
– Ambient temperature of the room: (20 ± 2) °C
– Relative humidity: (55 ± 10) % RH
Air dry method
– Ambient temperature of the room: (20 ± 2) °C
– Relative humidity: (65 ± 10) % RH
The ambient temperature and the relative humidity measured during the tests shall be
reported in the test report.
5.6 Water supply
5.6.1 General
The actual water conditions (temperature, hardness, and pressure) maintained during the
tests shall be reported in the test report.
NOTE Some countries specify a hot water temperature for regulatory purposes, in which case this water
temperature should be used for testing.
5.6.2 Water supply – Temperature
The temperature of the supply water shall be
– cold water feed temperature:
– 12 – 60436 IEC:2004(E)
• (15 ± 2) °C.
– hot water feed temperature:
• temperature indicated by the manufacturer ±2 °C, or
• where a range is specified which does include 60 °C, (60 ± 2) °C, or
• where a range is specified which does not include 60 °C, the value nearest to
60 °C ± 2 °C, or
• (60 ± 2) °C, if instructions are not given.
5.6.3 Hardness
A water hardness of (2,5 ± 0,5) mmol/l for hard water areas or ≤0,7 mmol/l for soft water areas
shall be used. If water hardness needs to be adjusted to meet these specifications, it shall be
prepared according to IEC 60734 – Method C. The measured water hardness shall be
reported. The water hardness used in the test shall be the one most applicable to the country
of intended use.
NOTE The impact of water hardness variation between 0,0 mmol/l to 0,7 mmol/l is still under investigation.
5.6.4 Water pressure
The pressure of the water supply at each water inlet shall be set at 240 kPa and shall be
maintained within the range ±20 kPa, including during all fills. The measured water pressure
shall be reported. Where the manufacturer specifies a range of water pressure that does not
include 240 kPa ± 20 kPa, the water pressure shall be set at the end of the pressure range
closest to 240 kPa ± 20 kPa.
5.7 Detergent
The reference detergent C, as described in Annex D, shall be used in the reference machine
and test machine(s) when measuring performance. The quantity shall be as recommended by
the manufacturer. But shall not be more than
– 15,0 g + 1,25 g per place setting.
If no recommendation is given by the manufacturer, use
– 12,0 g + 1,0 g per place setting
For dishwashers not equipped with a water softener and being tested with hard water (see
5.6.3), follow the manufacturer’s recommendation, but the quantity shall not exceed
15,0 g + 1,25 g per place setting, in both the pre-wash and the main wash. If no
recommendation is given by the manufacturer, use 12,0 g + 1,0 g per place setting, in both
the pre-wash and the main wash. The quantity of detergent used in g/place setting during the
tests shall be recorded.
The detergent shall be placed in the dishwasher immediately prior to starting the programme.
If a dispenser is incorporated in the dishwasher it shall be used. The dispenser shall be clean
and dry prior to the placement of detergent. In the absence of manufacturer’s
recommendations, the detergent shall be placed in the main compartment of the dispenser.
Detergent from the same batch shall be used for the dishwasher under test and for the
reference dishwasher.
Before use the detergent shall be homogenized in accordance with ISO 607 (refer to Annex F
for suitable equipment).
60436 IEC:2004(E) – 13 –
5.8 Rinse agent
The rinse agent as described in Annex D shall be used. For a water hardness of 2,5 mmol/l,
Formula III rinse aid (acidic) shall be used. For a water hardness of ≤0,7 mmol/l, Formula IV
(neutral) rinse aid shall be used.
NOTE 1 As a guide, acidic rinse agent is to be used with hard water and neutral rinse agent with soft water.
However, where one type of rinse aid is not generally available in the country of intended use, the other may be
specified regardless of the water hardness. In dishwashers with softeners in hardwater areas, the hardness in the
final rinse will be below 0,7 mmol/l.
For dishwashers with an adjustable automatic dispenser, the setting shall be as recommended
by the manufacturer. In the absence of such an indication, the setting shall be used which
gives the lowest quantity of rinse aid.
NOTE 2 Any recommendation by the manufacturer to the user to manually adjust the initial setting, based on
experience, is disregarded.
For machines without automatic dispensers, the rinse agent shall be added manually, if so
recommended by the manufacturer and in accordance with their instructions.
5.9 Salt
If the dishwasher is equipped with a water softener that requires salt, fill in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions for the water hardness used for the test. For specification of
the salt, see Annex D.
6 Cleaning performance
6.1 General and purpose
The purpose of this test is to measure how well the appliance cleans normally soiled place
settings and serving pieces.
The tests are carried out in parallel with the reference machine specified in Annex E. Soiling
of the test loads for the test machine(s) and the reference machine shall be prepared in
parallel.
The reference machine shall also be run in parallel with any test machine(s). For a large
number of test loads, it may be necessary to have more than one person preparing soils, but
one person shall prepare each soil type for all loads. Similarly, one person shall apply each
soil type for all loads (person preparing soils may be different than the person applying soils).
Detergent and rinse agents are used according to 5.7 and 5.8.
The sequence of the test procedure as specified in 5.2 shall be followed.
NOTE If only a cleaning evaluation is to be undertaken, the evaluation may be commenced as soon as the
dishwasher indicates the end of the programme and the evaluator can safely handle the load.
6.2 Load
The test load shall consist of the whole number of complete place settings plus the
corresponding serving pieces (see Annex A or B) which together comprise the manufacturer’s
rated capacity.
NOTE The reference machine always uses a load style from Annex A, irrespective of the load style used on the
test machine.
All items shall be thoroughly clean and dry so that they could achieve a score of 5 before
soiling. Any evaluation shall be done in accordance with 6.7. If a load item needs to be
– 14 – 60436 IEC:2004(E)
cleaned or reconditioned, items can be washed by hand or washed in a dishwasher but all
reconditioned items shall be washed in a dishwasher that dispenses IEC rinse aid (refer to
Annex D) in the final operation prior to the next test.
NOTE Reconditioning in a dishwasher should be done using detergent B or C (refer to Annex D).
Any items with imperfections likely to affect the evaluation or with chips or cracks shall be
removed and replaced.
6.3 Soiling agents
The following soiling agents are required:
– milk;
– tea;
– minced meat;
– egg;
– oat flakes;
– spinach;
– margarine.
All food products, at the time they are used for the preparation of soiling agents to this
standard, shall be within the “use-by” date or before their expiry date stated on the product.
The remains of newly opened packets of tea and oat flakes may be used for subsequent tests
for a period of up to 60 d after opening, if the contents are stored in a sealed container.
Specific directions are provided in the following section for storage and re-use of spinach after
defrosting.
If the specified product is not available, the use of a similar product which provides equivalent
results is permitted. Equivalency shall be proven through testing.
6.4 Preparation and application of soiling agents
Unless specifically stated otherwise, all soiling agents are to be freshly prepared for each test.
The whole amount of each soiling agent needed for the test (grams/setting × number of
settings) shall be weighed out, divided into portions as necessary and applied as specified to
the parts of the setting.
It is then recommended to start by pre-heating the microwave oven for the milk soiling. During
this time prepare the tea soiling. During the pre-drying period for the tea (one hour) prepare
and apply the rest of the soiling agents.
NOTE Refer to Annex C for an illustration of soiling distribution and quantities.
6.4.1 Milk
6.4.1.1 Items required for preparation
– Any U.H.T. milk with 1,5 % – 2 % fat content may be used. U.H.T. milk shall have a “use-
by” date, or expiry date, of at least 1,5 months from the date of the test. Fresh 2 % fat
content homogenized milk may be used within its expiry date and shall be kept
refrigerated. U.H.T. milk shall be refrigerated after opening and shall be used within 2
days of opening.
– Microwave oven with a glass turntable as specified in Annex G.
– Laboratory glasses without drain (250 ml capacity – See Annex A or B) with the following
dimensions:
60436 IEC:2004(E) – 15 –
• height: 115 cm
• diameter: 60 cm
– Pipette (10 ml)
6.4.1.2 Conversion
If the power level of the microwave oven to be used is not equal to the specified rated values
(780 W and 150 W) according to Annex G but within the given tolerances, the pre-heating and
cooking times shall be corrected as follows:
P × T
d d
T =
u
P
u
where
P is the power level, determined ;
d
T is the cooking time, determined (in seconds);
d
P is the power level, used (measured according to IEC 60705);
u
T is the cooking time to use (in seconds).
u
Use levels which are as close to the specified power levels (wattage) as possible.
6.4.1.3 Pre-heating the microwave oven
Before cooking the milk in the glasses, heat up the microwave oven as follows:
– Place six glasses each filled with 50 ml of water, in the microwave oven;
– Place the glasses symmetrically in a circle with a radius of 9,5 cm – 10 cm (centre of the
circle = centre of the glass turntable). See Figure 1.
– Operate the microwave oven for 4 min at a power level of 780 W and then for 10 min at a
power level of 150 W, or at the corrected cooking times calculated above for the power
level used.
After pre-cooking, take the water-filled glasses out of the microwave oven.
6.4.1.4 Application
Upon removal from the refrigerator, shake the milk well for approximately 30 s before each
application. Immediately after the shaking, pour 10 ml into each glass using a pipette and
immediately carry out the cooking process. Use one glass for each place setting.
Any remaining milk shall be put back into the refrigerator, without delay.
6.4.1.5 Cooking process
Immediately after the pre-heating has been completed, place 6 glasses with milk (10 ml/glass)
in the microwave oven and cook the glasses continuously under the same conditions, i.e., for
4 min at 780 W and 10 min at 150 W, or at the corrected conditions.
During each cooking operation there shall always be 6 glasses, with milk, in the microwave
oven. The glasses shall be placed on the turntable as shown in Figure 1 and the base of
beaker shall remain flat on the turntable.
NOTE If more than 6 glasses are required for testing, an additional 6 may be cooked immediately after the first
set of 6 glasses, without repeating the pre-heating process.
– 16 – 60436 IEC:2004(E)
After the cooking period in the microwave oven, the colour of the cooked milk shall be
compared with the colour chart in Annex K. The colour at the bottom of the glass shall be at
least colour No. 4 on the colour chart and not exceed colour No. 6.
Small areas of the milk skin shall not be darker than 12 on the colour chart.
The beaker should be as
close to the turntable lip as
possible, but shall remain
flat and flush on the platter
Centre of beakers to lie on a circle
surface.
which is as large as possible within
the range 180 mm to 200 mm diameter.
∅60 mm
60°
∅240 mm nominal
IEC 084/04
Figure 1 – Position of the glasses on the microwave turntable
6.4.2 Tea
Use tea with the following characteristics:
• tea type: black
• tea quality: ceylon
• leaf quality: orange pekoe
• leaf size: broken
60436 IEC:2004(E) – 17 –
The tea recommended in Annex F meets these requirements.
6.4.2.1 Preparation
Pour 1 litre of boiling water over 6 g of tea and allow to stand in a covered container, for a
period of 5 min. Afterwards, pour the tea through a sieve (mesh aperture 1 mm) into a second
container. Ensure that the total hardness of the water used for making the tea is between
2,0 mmol/l and 3,0 mmol/l.
NOTE Tap water, mineral water or water prepared in accordance with 5.6.3 that meets the above specification
may be used.
6.4.2.2 Pre-drying for oven drying method
Half-fill the cups and saucers with tea, ensuring an even distribution over cups and saucers
respectively. Place the cups and saucers in a preheated to 80 °C thermal cabinet (see
Annex G) as quickly as possible, and leave to dry for a period of 1 h. Ensure that the dishes
are not placed too closely together. Remove the items from the thermal cabinet and empty out
any remaining tea, and discard.
6.4.2.3 Pre-drying for air drying method
Half fill the cups and saucers with tea, and allow to pre-dry at ambient conditions for one hour.
Carefully decant the excess tea from the cup and saucer so that approximately 20-30 ml of
tea are remaining in both the cup and the saucer, retaining as many particles as possible. The
decanted tea is discarded.
6.4.3 Minced meat
Prepare a sufficiently large amount of minced beef, to ensure a homogeneous mix. Remove
all fat and sinew from the meat before mincing. Use an electric meat grinder, with a perforated
disc, with 4,5 mm diameter holes (approximately 50). Choose a setting where the amount
of minced meat production is approximately 700 g per min (r/min approx. 150).
6.4.3.1 Preparation and Storage
Mix 50 g whisked whole egg(see 6.4.4 for specification) to every 150 g minced meat, mix well,
divide into 60 g portions. Wrap in aluminium foil, or place in closed containers, or place in
sealed plastic bags and freeze. Before use, allow the meat to defrost to ambient conditions
and mix with water at a ratio of 30 g minced meat to 8 g water, until homogeneous.
6.4.3.2 Application
• Items to be soiled
Half of the dinner plates and the large (20 cm) serving bowl (7 or more place settings only)
• Quantity of soil
1,5 g per place setting for the plates and 4 g for the serving bowl.
• Method of soiling
Use a fork. Based on the number of place settings, calculate the total weight of soil that will
be needed. Place an amount of minced meat, slightly more than required, in a container along
with the fork. Weigh the container, minced meat and fork. Apply the soil to the load items, with
the fork, until the required soil amount has been applied, i.e., the weight of the container, plus
minced meat, plus fork, has been reduced by the amount required for the load. Soils shall be
evenly distributed. Soil can be added or removed to ensure the exact amount.
– 18 – 60436 IEC:2004(E)
– Dinner plates
The minced meat soil is applied evenly to the upper surface of each plate, ensuring that a
space of 20 mm around the edge is left clean. In the case of an uneven number of place
settings, only apply minced meat to half of the surface of the last odd numbered plate (the
other half is used for the egg).
– Large serving bowl
The minced meat soil is applied to the bottom and inner sides, ensuring that a space of
20 mm around the edge is left clean.
6.4.4 Egg
Use good quality hen’s eggs weighing 50 g to 65 g each, at room temperature. Eggs should
be at least 7 days old but not past their “use–by”, or expiry date. Eggs shall be stored in the
refrigerator until required. Eggs shall be at ambient conditions prior to use.
NOTE Tests have shown that very fresh eggs change in their consistency over the first few days after laying: a
minimum of 7 days after laying ensures stability.
6.4.4.1 Preparation
Use at least three eggs and separate the egg white from the egg yolk. Mix egg yolks with a
fork in a bowl. Remove the yolk sack.
6.4.4.2 Application
• Items to be soiled
Half of the total number of dinner plates, half of the total number of dessert plates, all the
forks.
• Quantity of soil:
2 g of egg per place setting is used to soil crockery and cutlery.
• Method of soiling:
Use a pastry brush with a width of approximately 25 mm. Based on the number of place
settings, calculate the total weight
...
IEC 60436 ®
Edition 3.1 2009-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Electric dishwashers for household use – Methods for measuring the
performance
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IEC 60436 ®
Edition 3.1 2009-11
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Electric dishwashers for household use – Methods for measuring the
performance
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
CQ
ICS 97.040.40 ISBN 978-2-88910-194-8
– 2 – 60436 © IEC:2004+A1:2009(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
1 Scope.7
2 Normative references.7
3 Terms and definitions .7
4 List of measurements .9
5 General conditions for measurements.9
5.1 General.9
5.2 Conditioning of the machine under test and sequence of test procedures .10
5.3 Electricity supply for machines .10
5.4 Test programme.11
5.5 Ambient conditions.11
5.6 Water supply.11
5.7 Detergent.12
5.8 Rinse agent.13
5.9 Salt.13
6 Cleaning performance.13
6.1 General and purpose .13
6.2 Load.13
6.3 Soiling agents.14
6.4 Preparation and application of soiling agents.14
6.5 Drying of the soiled dishes .21
6.6 Loading and operating .22
6.7 Evaluation.22
6.8 Expressing results.27
7 Drying performance.27
7.1 General and purpose .27
7.2 Load.27
7.3 Loading and operating .27
7.4 Evaluation.28
7.5 Expressing results.31
8 Energy consumption, water consumption and time .31
8.1 General and purpose .31
8.2 Method of measurement.31
9 Airborne acoustical noise.33
Annex A (normative) Place settings and serving pieces (non-AHAM style load) .34
Annex B (normative) AHAM style load.36
Annex C (informative) Illustration of soil distribution.39
Annex D (normative) Test materials for laboratories.40
Annex E (normative) Description of the reference machine [Type 1].42
Annex F (informative) Addresses of suppliers .46
Annex G (normative) Microwave oven and through-circulation thermal cabinet .50
60436 © IEC:2004+A1:2009(E) – 3 –
Annex H (informative) Guidelines for assessing cleaning performance.51
Annex I (normative) Test enclosure for built-in dishwasher.53
Annex J (informative) Flow chart – test sequence for IEC 60436.54
Annex K (normative) Shade chart.55
Annex L (informative) Test report format .56
Annex M (informative) Adjusting water consumption in the reference dishwasher.59
Annex N (normative) Description of the reference machine [Type 2] .61
Bibliography.65
Figure 1 – Position of the glasses on the microwave turntable .16
Figure I.1 – Test enclosure for built-in dishwasher .53
Figure N.1 – Reference machine [Type 2] loading plan .64
Table 1 – Evaluation of Cleaning Tests .23
Table 2 – Evaluation to determine the cleaning index.24
Table 3 – Numerical Values of the t-factor for statistical calculations .26
Table 4 – Evaluation to determine the drying index .29
– 4 – 60436 © IEC:2004+A1:2009(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTRIC DISHWASHERS FOR HOUSEHOLD USE –
METHODS FOR MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60436 has been prepared by subcommittee 59A: Electric
dishwashers, of IEC technical committee 59: Performance of household electrical appliances.
This consolidated version of IEC 60436 consists of the third edition (2004) [documents
59A/114A/FDIS and 59A/116/RVD] and its amendment 1 (2009) [documents 59A/138/CDV
and 59A/139/RVC].
The technical content is therefore identical to the base edition and its amendment and has
been prepared for user convenience.
It bears the edition number 3.1.
A vertical line in the margin shows where the base publication has been modified by
amendment 1.
60436 © IEC:2004+A1:2009(E) – 5 –
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1981 and constitutes a
technical revision. Major changes introduced in the second edition include
• changes made to the soils used in the standard;
• the use of an oven and microwave oven to dry the soils;
• the alternate 15 to 18 hour air dry method to dry the soils;
• the addition of a reference dishwasher;
• the recognition of alternate supply voltages and frequencies;
• the recognition of a cold or hot water supply to the dishwasher;
• the detergent and rinse aid compositions have been uprated to reflect current technology;
• the addition of the Aham load;
• the evaluation of the filter systems;
• the modification of the scoring system from 2 to 5 grades;
• the definition of program and cycle time;
• the temperature correction for energy testing;
• harmonization of ambient conditions.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will
remain unchanged until the maintenance result date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date,
the publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this publication using a colour printer.
– 6 – 60436 © IEC:2004+A1:2009(E)
INTRODUCTION
In 1996, IEC subcommittee 59A charged its Working Group 2 with the revision of the second
edition of IEC 60436 to make it suitable for the international needs and to make it suitable for
the current levels of dishwasher performance and technology.
The second edition was published in 1981 and has not been significantly updated.
SC59A instructed the WG2 to take the Cenelec draft standard EN 50242 as the basis for the
third edition.
An important reason for the third edition was the need to take into account the needs of all
countries such as varying voltages and frequencies, different water supply temperatures and
water hardness and availability of specified soils in in the various countries.
To meet the goal the following significant technical changes were made.
• The repeatability and reproducibility of the test results have been improved by the
introduction of the same model reference dishwasher specified for all locations.
• The soils have been changed to reflect the modern dishwasher's capability.
• The preparation of the soils has been improved to enhance repeatability and reproducibility
by the introduction of new drying methods.
• The standard also recognizes various supply voltages and frequencies,cold or hot water
supply, an alternate Aham load, the evaluation of dishwasher filter systems.
• The standard has updated the formulation of the detergent and rinse agents to reflect the
producs on the market today.
• The standard has increased the sensitivity of the grading scale from two to five points to
improve repeatability and reproducibility.
• Ambient conditions have been brought closer to harmonization.
• More detailed instructions have been provided for the installation of the various designs of
dishwashers.
• Correction formulae have been provided for the correction of energy consumption
measurements for varying water supply temperature.
60436 © IEC:2004+A1:2009(E) – 7 –
ELECTRIC DISHWASHERS FOR HOUSEHOLD USE –
METHODS FOR MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE
1 Scope
This international standard applies to electric dishwashers for household use that are supplied
with hot and/or cold water.
The object is to state and define the principal performance characteristics of electric
dishwashers for household use and to describe the standard methods of measuring these
characteristics.
This standard is concerned neither with safety nor with performance requirements.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60350, Electric cooking ranges, hobs, ovens and grills for household use – Methods for
measuring performance
IEC 60704-2-3, Household and similar electrical appliances – Test code for the determination
of airborne acoustical noise – Part 2-3: Particular requirements for dishwashers
IEC 60704-3, Test code for the determination of airborne acoustical noise emitted by
household and similar electrical appliances – Part 3: Procedure for determining and verifying
declared noise emission values
IEC 60705, Household microwave ovens – Methods for measuring performance
IEC 60734, Household electrical appliances – Performance – Hard water for testing
ISO 607, Surface active agents and detergents – Methods of sample division
AHAM DW-1:2003: Performance testing methods for household electric dishwashers
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
dishwasher
machine which cleans, rinses, and dries dishware, glassware, cutlery, and, in some cases,
cooking utensils by chemical, mechanical, thermal, and electric means. A dishwasher may or
may not have a specific drying operation at the end of the program
– 8 – 60436 © IEC:2004+A1:2009(E)
3.2
rated dishwasher capacity
whole number of place settings together with the serving pieces (see Annexes A & B) stated
by the manufacturer, which can be cleaned and dried when loaded in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions
3.3
operation
each event that occurs during the dishwasher programme such as cleaning, rinsing or drying
3.4
programme
series of operations which are pre-defined within the dishwasher and which are declared as
suitable for specified levels of soil and/or type of load and together form a complete cycle
3.5
cycle
complete washing, rinsing, and drying process, as defined by the programme selected,
consisting of a series of operations
3.6
programme time
programme time is measured from the initiation of the programme (excluding any user
programmed delay) until an end of programme indicator. If there is no end of programme
indicator, the programme time is equal to the cycle time
3.7
cycle time
cycle time is measured from the initiation of the programme (excluding any user programmed
delay) until all activity ceases (i.e. the end of the cycle)
3.8
automatic dispenser
device activated automatically which injects or dispenses detergent, rinse agent, etc., one or
more times into the dishwasher at predetermined points in the dishwasher cycle
3.9
non-automatic dispenser
device, usually a fixed cup or cavity on the dishwasher door, cover, or dish rack, which
deposits a previously measured amount of detergent, rinse agent, etc., into the dishwasher at
the beginning of the dishwasher cycle
3.10
water softener
device which reduces the hardness of water
3.11
rack
support for holding dishware, cutlery, and/or glassware in the dishwasher
3.12
detergent
cleaning agent in powder, granular, tablet or liquid form, manufactured for use in household
electric dishwashers to aid in the removal of food soils by chemical means
NOTE A reference detergent in powder form is specified for use in this standard (see 5.7).
60436 © IEC:2004+A1:2009(E) – 9 –
3.13
rinse agent
chemical agent added to the water in the last rinsing operation to improve the drying effect
and reduce water marks
NOTE Two reference rinse agents are specified for use in this standard (see 5.8).
3.14
serving pieces
defined set of crockery and cutlery for serving (see Annexes A and B)
3.15
place settings
defined set of crockery, glass and cutlery for use by one person(see Annexes A and B)
4 List of measurements
Standard methods of measuring the performance characteristics are determined as follows:
– cleaning performance according to Clause 6;
– drying performance according to Clause 7;
– energy, water consumption and time according to Clause 8;
– airborne acoustical noise according to Clause 9.
5 General conditions for measurements
5.1 General
The dishwasher manufacturer’s instructions regarding installation and use of the dishwasher
shall be followed, except where there is a conflict, in which case this standard shall prevail.
Performance tests according to this standard shall be generally carried out on a new machine,
with a reference machine running parallel with the machine(s) under test, i.e., at the same
time under the same conditions using soil prepared at the same time from the same batch.
The reference machine shall be in accordance with the description given in Annex E or
Annex N.
The reference machine shall always be installed as a free standing machine independent of
the type of machine under test.
Before commencing measurements, the dishwasher and the reference machine shall be
checked to ensure that they are operating properly.
All tests shall be started with the appliances at the ambient temperature according to 5.5.
5.1.1 Free standing dishwashers
Dishwashers shall be tested as free standing except where they are designated as built–in or
integrated (refer to 5.1.2). Dishwashers that can be installed as either free standing or built-
in/integrated shall be tested as free standing.
5.1.2 Built in and integrated dishwashers
Built-in dishwashers have to be installed in an enclosure. See Figure I.1.
– 10 – 60436 © IEC:2004+A1:2009(E)
The front edge of the housing of the dishwasher (except the door) shall be 20 mm to 25 mm
behind the front edge of the test enclosure. If required by the manufacturer’s instructions, the
enclosure shall be provided with ventilation openings accordingly.
If an appliance is provided with spacers, strips or other special means of solid or resilient
material for closing the gap(s) between the contours of the appliance and the cabinet
enclosure, these means shall be used accordingly. If such means are not provided, the gap(s)
shall be left open.
Appliances to be integrated shall be installed under the same conditions as built-in
appliances. In addition, the door of the dishwasher shall be equipped, in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instruction, with a board of the maximum size allowed by the manufacturer and
of the same material and thickness as the test enclosure; see Annex I.
Moreover, for integrated types, the test enclosure shall be provided, in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions, at its lower front side with a skirting board of the maximum height
which corresponds with the size of the board on the door of the appliance and of the same
material and thickness as the test enclosure, see Annex I. If no instructions are given by the
manufacturer, a skirting board as described above shall be pressed against the skirting board
of the appliance.
5.2 Conditioning of the machine under test and sequence of test procedures
Before conducting the performance tests, the dishwasher shall be operated for at least 3
complete cycles using a clean load with reference detergent (specified in 5.7) and without
rinse agent. The following cycle(s) can be a noise test according to Clause 9. No additional
cycles shall be carried out on the machine under test between the sequential steps specified
in the following procedure.
The tests shall be performed in the following order: cleaning performance (Clause 6) then
drying performance (Clause 7). The determination of energy, water and cycle/program time
(Clause 8) shall be done in conjunction with a wash performance test (Clause 6).
NOTE 1 The above sequence is necessary for better reproducibility, i.e. to avoid differences in drying
performance due to the ageing process of the plastic parts in the dishwasher (for example, racks).
NOTE 2 Any cycles or operations performed on the appliance during the manufacture of the product are ignored.
NOTE 3 Noise tests require that the test should be carried out before the rinse aid dispenser is filled for the first
time.
5.3 Electricity supply for machines
5.3.1 Electricity supply for test machine
5.3.1.1 Voltage
The test voltage shall be set at the rated voltage of the machine and maintained within the
range of ±2 % throughout the test. If a voltage range is indicated, then the test voltage shall
be set at the nominal voltage of the country in which the appliance is intended to be used. The
measured voltage shall be reported.
NOTE If the rated voltage of the machine differs from the system voltage of the country of intended use,
measurements should be carried out at the nominal voltage of the country of intended use.
5.3.1.2 Frequency
The supply frequency shall be set at the rated frequency of the machine and maintained within
the range ±1 % throughout the test. If a frequency range is indicated, then the testing shall be
carried out at the nominal frequency of the country in which the appliance is intended to be
used. The measured frequency shall be reported.
60436 © IEC:2004+A1:2009(E) – 11 –
NOTE If the rated frequency of the machine differs from the system frequency of the country of intended use,
measurements should be carried out at the nominal frequency of the country of intended use.
5.3.2 Electricity supply for the reference machine
5.3.2.1 Voltage
The supply voltage shall be set at 230 V a.c. and maintained within ±2 % throughout the test.
The measured voltage shall be reported.
5.3.2.2 Frequency
The supply frequency shall be set at 50 Hz and maintained within ±1 % throughout the test.
The measured frequency shall be reported.
5.4 Test programme
The first programme to be tested shall be the one recommended by the manufacturer for a
normally soiled load.
NOTE In some countries the manufacturer has to declare the programme to be used, for the purpose of energy
labelling (which may not be for a normally soiled load), in which case this programme shall be the one tested first.
The same programme shall be used for measuring the cleaning performance according to
Clause 6, the drying performance according to Clause 7, the energy and water consumption
and time according to Clause 8, and the noise according to Clause 9, if tested.
Additional programmes may then be tested.
5.5 Ambient conditions
The following ambient conditions shall be maintained throughout the measurements.
Oven drying method
– Ambient temperature of the room: (20 ± 2) °C
– Relative humidity: (55 ± 10) % RH
Air dry method
– Ambient temperature of the room: (20 ± 2) °C
– Relative humidity: (65 ± 10) % RH
The ambient temperature and the relative humidity measured during the tests shall be
reported in the test report.
5.6 Water supply
5.6.1 General
The actual water conditions (temperature, hardness, and pressure) maintained during the
tests shall be reported in the test report.
NOTE Some countries specify a hot water temperature for regulatory purposes, in which case this water
temperature should be used for testing.
5.6.2 Water supply – Temperature
The temperature of the supply water shall be
– cold water feed temperature:
– 12 – 60436 © IEC:2004+A1:2009(E)
• (15 ± 2) °C.
– hot water feed temperature:
• temperature indicated by the manufacturer ±2 °C, or
• where a range is specified which does include 60 °C, (60 ± 2) °C, or
• where a range is specified which does not include 60 °C, the value nearest to
60 °C ± 2 °C, or
• (60 ± 2) °C, if instructions are not given.
5.6.3 Hardness
A water hardness of (2,5 ± 0,5) mmol/l for hard water areas or ≤0,7 mmol/l for soft water areas
shall be used. If water hardness needs to be adjusted to meet these specifications, it shall be
prepared according to IEC 60734 – Method C. The measured water hardness shall be
reported. The water hardness used in the test shall be the one most applicable to the country
of intended use.
NOTE The impact of water hardness variation between 0,0 mmol/l to 0,7 mmol/l is still under investigation.
5.6.4 Water pressure
The pressure of the water supply at each water inlet shall be set at 240 kPa and shall be
maintained within the range ±20 kPa, including during all fills. The measured water pressure
shall be reported. Where the manufacturer specifies a range of water pressure that does not
include 240 kPa ± 20 kPa, the water pressure shall be set at the end of the pressure range
closest to 240 kPa ± 20 kPa.
5.7 Detergent
The reference detergent C, as described in Annex D, shall be used in the reference machine
and test machine(s) when measuring performance. The quantity shall be as recommended by
the manufacturer. But shall not be more than
– 15,0 g + 1,25 g per place setting.
If no recommendation is given by the manufacturer, use
– 12,0 g + 1,0 g per place setting
For dishwashers not equipped with a water softener and being tested with hard water (see
5.6.3), follow the manufacturer’s recommendation, but the quantity shall not exceed
15,0 g + 1,25 g per place setting, in both the pre-wash and the main wash. If no
recommendation is given by the manufacturer, use 12,0 g + 1,0 g per place setting, in both
the pre-wash and the main wash. The quantity of detergent used in g/place setting during the
tests shall be recorded.
The detergent shall be placed in the dishwasher immediately prior to starting the programme.
If a dispenser is incorporated in the dishwasher it shall be used. The dispenser shall be clean
and dry prior to the placement of detergent. In the absence of manufacturer’s
recommendations, the detergent shall be placed in the main compartment of the dispenser.
Detergent from the same batch shall be used for the dishwasher under test and for the
reference dishwasher.
Before use the detergent shall be homogenized in accordance with ISO 607 (refer to Annex F
for suitable equipment).
60436 © IEC:2004+A1:2009(E) – 13 –
5.8 Rinse agent
The rinse agent as described in Annex D shall be used. For a water hardness of 2,5 mmol/l,
Formula III rinse aid (acidic) shall be used. For a water hardness of ≤0,7 mmol/l, Formula IV
(neutral) rinse aid shall be used.
NOTE 1 As a guide, acidic rinse agent is to be used with hard water and neutral rinse agent with soft water.
However, where one type of rinse aid is not generally available in the country of intended use, the other may be
specified regardless of the water hardness. In dishwashers with softeners in hardwater areas, the hardness in the
final rinse will be below 0,7 mmol/l.
For dishwashers with an adjustable automatic dispenser, the setting shall be as recommended
by the manufacturer. In the absence of such an indication, the setting shall be used which
gives the lowest quantity of rinse aid.
NOTE 2 Any recommendation by the manufacturer to the user to manually adjust the initial setting, based on
experience, is disregarded.
For machines without automatic dispensers, the rinse agent shall be added manually, if so
recommended by the manufacturer and in accordance with their instructions.
5.9 Salt
If the dishwasher is equipped with a water softener that requires salt, fill in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions for the water hardness used for the test. For specification of
the salt, see Annex D.
6 Cleaning performance
6.1 General and purpose
The purpose of this test is to measure how well the appliance cleans normally soiled place
settings and serving pieces.
The tests are carried out in parallel with one of the reference machines specified in Annex E
or Annex N. Soiling of the test loads for the test machine(s) and the reference machine shall
be prepared in parallel.
The reference machine shall also be run in parallel with any test machine(s). For a large
number of test loads, it may be necessary to have more than one person preparing soils, but
one person shall prepare each soil type for all loads. Similarly, one person shall apply each
soil type for all loads (person preparing soils may be different than the person applying soils).
Detergent and rinse agents are used according to 5.7 and 5.8.
The sequence of the test procedure as specified in 5.2 shall be followed.
NOTE If only a cleaning evaluation is to be undertaken, the evaluation may be commenced as soon as the
dishwasher indicates the end of the programme and the evaluator can safely handle the load.
6.2 Load
The test load shall consist of the whole number of complete place settings plus the
corresponding serving pieces (see Annex A or B) which together comprise the manufacturer’s
rated capacity.
NOTE The reference machine always uses a load style from Annex A, irrespective of the load style used on the
test machine.
All items shall be thoroughly clean and dry so that they could achieve a score of 5 before
soiling. Any evaluation shall be done in accordance with 6.7. If a load item needs to be
– 14 – 60436 © IEC:2004+A1:2009(E)
cleaned or reconditioned, items can be washed by hand or washed in a dishwasher but all
reconditioned items shall be washed in a dishwasher that dispenses IEC rinse aid (refer to
Annex D) in the final operation prior to the next test.
NOTE Reconditioning in a dishwasher should be done using detergent B or C (refer to Annex D).
Any items with imperfections likely to affect the evaluation or with chips or cracks shall be
removed and replaced.
6.3 Soiling agents
The following soiling agents are required:
– milk;
– tea;
– minced meat;
– egg;
– oat flakes;
– spinach;
– margarine.
All food products, at the time they are used for the preparation of soiling agents to this
standard, shall be within the “use-by” date or before their expiry date stated on the product.
The remains of newly opened packets of tea and oat flakes may be used for subsequent tests
for a period of up to 60 d after opening, if the contents are stored in a sealed container.
Specific directions are provided in the following section for storage and re-use of spinach after
defrosting.
If the specified product is not available, the use of a similar product which provides equivalent
results is permitted. Equivalency shall be proven through testing.
6.4 Preparation and application of soiling agents
Unless specifically stated otherwise, all soiling agents are to be freshly prepared for each test.
The whole amount of each soiling agent needed for the test (grams/setting × number of
settings) shall be weighed out, divided into portions as necessary and applied as specified to
the parts of the setting.
It is then recommended to start by pre-heating the microwave oven for the milk soiling. During
this time prepare the tea soiling. During the pre-drying period for the tea (one hour) prepare
and apply the rest of the soiling agents.
NOTE Refer to Annex C for an illustration of soiling distribution and quantities.
6.4.1 Milk
6.4.1.1 Items required for preparation
– Any U.H.T. milk with 1,5 % – 2 % fat content may be used. U.H.T. milk shall have a “use-
by” date, or expiry date, of at least 1,5 months from the date of the test. Fresh 2 % fat
content homogenized milk may be used within its expiry date and shall be kept
refrigerated. U.H.T. milk shall be refrigerated after opening and shall be used within 2
days of opening.
– Microwave oven with a glass turntable as specified in Annex G.
– Laboratory glasses without drain (250 ml capacity – See Annex A or B) with the following
dimensions:
60436 © IEC:2004+A1:2009(E) – 15 –
• height: 115 cm
• diameter: 60 cm
– Pipette (10 ml)
6.4.1.2 Conversion
If the power level of the microwave oven to be used is not equal to the specified rated values
(780 W and 150 W) according to Annex G but within the given tolerances, the pre-heating and
cooking times shall be corrected as follows:
P × T
d d
T =
u
P
u
where
P is the power level, determined ;
d
T is the cooking time, determined (in seconds);
d
P is the power level, used (measured according to IEC 60705);
u
T is the cooking time to use (in seconds).
u
Use levels which are as close to the specified power levels (wattage) as possible.
6.4.1.3 Pre-heating the microwave oven
Before cooking the milk in the glasses, heat up the microwave oven as follows:
– Place six glasses each filled with 50 ml of water, in the microwave oven;
– Place the glasses symmetrically in a circle with a radius of 9,5 cm – 10 cm (centre of the
circle = centre of the glass turntable). See Figure 1.
– Operate the microwave oven for 4 min at a power level of 780 W and then for 10 min at a
power level of 150 W, or at the corrected cooking times calculated above for the power
level used.
After pre-cooking, take the water-filled glasses out of the microwave oven.
6.4.1.4 Application
Upon removal from the refrigerator, shake the milk well for approximately 30 s before each
application. Immediately after the shaking, pour 10 ml into each glass using a pipette and
immediately carry out the cooking process. Use one glass for each place setting.
Any remaining milk shall be put back into the refrigerator, without delay.
6.4.1.5 Cooking process
Immediately after the pre-heating has been completed, place 6 glasses with milk (10 ml/glass)
in the microwave oven and cook the glasses continuously under the same conditions, i.e., for
4 min at 780 W and 10 min at 150 W, or at the corrected conditions.
During each cooking operation there shall always be 6 glasses, with milk, in the microwave
oven. The glasses shall be placed on the turntable as shown in Figure 1 and the base of
beaker shall remain flat on the turntable.
NOTE If more than 6 glasses are required for testing, an additional 6 may be cooked immediately after the first
set of 6 glasses, without repeating the pre-heating process.
– 16 – 60436 © IEC:2004+A1:2009(E)
After the cooking period in the microwave oven, the colour of the cooked milk shall be
compared with the colour chart in Annex K. The colour at the bottom of the glass shall be at
least colour No. 4 on the colour chart and not exceed colour No. 6.
Small areas of the milk skin shall not be darker than 12 on the colour chart.
The beaker should be as
close to the turntable lip as
possible, but shall remain
flat and flush on the platter
Centre of beakers is as large as
surface
possible within the range
160 mm to 200 mm diameter
∅60 mm
60°
∅240 mm nominal
IEC 1817/09
Figure 1 – Position of the glasses on the microwave turntable
6.4.2 Tea
Use tea with the following characteristics:
• tea type: black
• tea quality: ceylon
• leaf quality: orange pekoe
• leaf size: broken
The tea recommended in Annex F meets these requirements.
60436 © IEC:2004+A1:2009(E) – 17 –
6.4.2.1 Preparation
Pour 1 litre of boiling water over 6 g of tea and allow to stand in a covered container, for a
period of 5 min. Afterwards, pour the tea through a sieve (mesh aperture 1 mm) into a second
container. Ensure that the total hardness of the water used for making the tea is between
2,0 mmol/l and 3,0 mmol/l.
NOTE Tap water, mineral water or water prepared in accordance with 5.6.3 that meets the above specification
may be used.
6.4.2.2 Pre-drying for oven drying method
Half-fill the cups and saucers with tea, ensuring an even distribution over cups and saucers
respectively. Place the cups and saucers in a preheated to 80 °C thermal cabinet (see
Annex G) as quickly as possible, and leave to dry for a period of 1 h. Ensure that the dishes
are not placed too closely together. Remove the items from the thermal cabinet and empty out
any remaining tea, and discard.
6.4.2.3 Pre-drying for air drying method
Half fill the cups and saucers with tea, and allow to pre-dry at ambient conditions for one hour.
Carefully decant the excess tea from the cup and saucer so that approximately 20-30 ml of
tea are remaining in both the cup and the saucer, retaining as many particles as possible. The
decanted tea is discarded.
6.4.3 Minced meat
Prepare a sufficiently large amount of minced beef, to ensure a homogeneous mix. Remove
all fat and sinew from the meat before mincing. Use an electric meat grinder, with a perforated
disc, with 4,5 mm diameter holes (approximately 50). Choose a setting where the amount
of minced meat production is approximately 700 g per min (r/min approx. 150).
6.4.3.1 Preparation and Storage
Mix 50 g whisked whole egg(see 6.4.4 for specification) to every 150 g minced meat, mix well,
divide into 60 g portions. Wrap in aluminium foil, or place in closed containers, or place in
sealed plastic bags and freeze. Before use, allow the meat to defrost to ambient conditions
and mix with water at a ratio of 30 g minced meat to 8 g water, until homogeneous.
6.4.3.2 Application
• Items to be soiled
Half of the dinner plates and the large (20 cm) serving bowl (7 or more place settings only)
• Quantity of soil
1,5 g per place setting for the plates and 4 g for the serving bowl.
• Method of soiling
Use a fork. Based on the number of place settings, calculate the total weight of soil that will
be needed. Place an amount of minced meat, slightly more than required, in a container along
with the fork. Weigh the container, minced meat and fork. Apply the soil to the load items, with
the fork, until the required soil amount has been applied, i.e., the weight of the container, plus
minced meat, plus fork, has been reduced by the amount required for the load. Soils shall be
evenly distributed. Soil can be added or removed to ensure the exact amount.
– 18 – 60436 © IEC:2004+A1:2009(E)
– Dinner plates
The minced meat soil is applied evenly to the upper surface of each plate, ensuring that a
space of 20 mm around the edge is left clean. In the case of an uneven number of place
settings, only apply minced meat to half of the surface of the last odd numbered plate (the
other half is used for the egg).
– Large serving bowl
The minced meat soil is applied to the bottom and inner sides, ensuring that a space of
20 mm around the edge is left clean.
6.4.4 Egg
Use good quali
...
IEC 60436 ®
Edition 3.2 2012-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Electric dishwashers for household use – Methods for measuring the
performance
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IEC 60436 ®
Edition 3.2 2012-04
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
colour
inside
Electric dishwashers for household use – Methods for measuring the
performance
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
PRICE CODE
CR
ICS 97.040.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-0055-1
– 2 – 60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009
+A2:2012(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
INTRODUCTION (to amendment 2) . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 List of measurements . 10
5 General conditions for measurements . 10
5.1 General . 11
5.2 Conditioning of the machine under test and sequence of test procedures . 11
5.3 Electricity supply for machines . 12
5.4 Test programme . 12
5.5 Ambient conditions . 13
5.6 Water supply . 13
5.7 Detergent . 14
5.8 Rinse agent . 14
5.9 Salt . 14
6 Cleaning performance . 15
6.1 General and purpose . 15
6.2 Load . 15
6.3 Soiling agents. 15
6.4 Preparation and application of soiling agents . 16
6.5 Drying of the soiled dishes . 23
6.6 Loading and operating . 24
6.7 Evaluation . 24
6.8 Expressing results . 29
7 Drying performance . 29
7.1 General and purpose . 29
7.2 Load . 29
7.3 Loading and operating . 29
7.4 Evaluation . 30
7.5 Expressing results . 33
8 Energy consumption, water consumption and time . 33
8.1 General and purpose . 33
8.2 Method of measurement . 33
9 Airborne acoustical noise . 35
Annex A (normative) Place settings and serving pieces (non-AHAM style load) . 36
Annex B (normative) AHAM style load . 38
Annex C (informative) Illustration of soil distribution . 41
Annex D (normative) Test materials for laboratories . 42
Annex E (normative) Description of the reference machine [Type 1] . 44
60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009 – 3 –
+A2:2012(E)
Annex F (informative) Addresses of suppliers . 48
Annex G (normative) Microwave oven and through-circulation thermal cabinet . 52
Annex H (informative) Guidelines for assessing cleaning performance . 55
Annex I (normative) Test enclosure for built-in dishwasher. 57
Annex J (informative) Flow chart – test sequence for IEC 60436 . 58
Annex K (normative) Shade chart. 59
Annex L (informative) Test report format . 60
Annex M (informative) Adjusting water consumption in the reference dishwasher. 63
Annex N (normative) Description of the reference machine [Type 2] . 65
Annex O (normative) Additional aspects of the energy consumption of dishwashers
[based on 59D/343/CDV] . 69
Bibliography . 73
Figure 1 – Position of the glasses on the microwave turntable . 18
Figure G.1 – Illustration chart 1: Location of the thermocouple on upper, intermediate
and lower wire sheet . 53
Figure G.2 – Illustration chart 2: The thermal cabinet filled with dishes
(pictures of the soiled items) . 54
Figure I.1 – Test enclosure for built-in dishwasher . 57
Figure N.1 – Reference machine [Type 2] loading plan . 68
Table 1 – Evaluation of Cleaning Tests . 25
Table 2 – Evaluation to determine the cleaning index . 26
Table 3 – Numerical Values of the t-factor for statistical calculations . 28
Table 4 – Evaluation to determine the drying index . 31
– 4 – 60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009
+A2:2012(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTRIC DISHWASHERS FOR HOUSEHOLD USE –
METHODS FOR MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC itself does not provide any attestation of conformity. Independent certification bodies provide conformity
assessment services and, in some areas, access to IEC marks of conformity. IEC is not responsible for any
services carried out by independent certification bodies.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60436 has been prepared by subcommittee 59A: Electric
dishwashers, of IEC technical committee 59: Performance of household electrical appliances.
This consolidated version of IEC 60436 consists of the third edition (2004) [documents
59A/114A/FDIS and 59A/116/RVD], its amendment 1 (2009) [documents 59A/138/CDV and
59A/139/RVC] and its amendment 2 (2012) [documents 59A/152/CDV and 59A/160/RVC].
The technical content is therefore identical to the base edition and its amendments and has
been prepared for user convenience.
It bears the edition number 3.2.
A vertical line in the margin shows where the base publication has been modified by
amendments 1 and 2.
60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009 – 5 –
+A2:2012(E)
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1981 and constitutes a
technical revision. Major changes introduced in the second edition include
• changes made to the soils used in the standard;
• the use of an oven and microwave oven to dry the soils;
• the alternate 15 to 18 hour air dry method to dry the soils;
• the addition of a reference dishwasher;
• the recognition of alternate supply voltages and frequencies;
• the recognition of a cold or hot water supply to the dishwasher;
• the detergent and rinse aid compositions have been uprated to reflect current technology;
• the addition of the Aham load;
• the evaluation of the filter systems;
• the modification of the scoring system from 2 to 5 grades;
• the definition of program and cycle time;
• the temperature correction for energy testing;
• harmonization of ambient conditions.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed,
• withdrawn,
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
A bilingual version of this publication may be issued at a later date.
IMPORTANT – The “colour inside” logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct understanding
of its contents. Users should therefore print this publication using a colour printer.
– 6 – 60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009
+A2:2012(E)
INTRODUCTION
In 1996, IEC subcommittee 59A charged its Working Group 2 with the revision of the second
edition of IEC 60436 to make it suitable for the international needs and to make it suitable for
the current levels of dishwasher performance and technology.
The second edition was published in 1981 and has not been significantly updated.
SC59A instructed the WG2 to take the Cenelec draft standard EN 50242 as the basis for the
third edition.
An important reason for the third edition was the need to take into account the needs of all
countries such as varying voltages and frequencies, different water supply temperatures and
water hardness and availability of specified soils in in the various countries.
To meet the goal the following significant technical changes were made.
• The repeatability and reproducibility of the test results have been improved by the
introduction of the same model reference dishwasher specified for all locations.
• The soils have been changed to reflect the modern dishwasher's capability.
• The preparation of the soils has been improved to enhance repeatability and reproducibility
by the introduction of new drying methods.
• The standard also recognizes various supply voltages and frequencies,cold or hot water
supply, an alternate Aham load, the evaluation of dishwasher filter systems.
• The standard has updated the formulation of the detergent and rinse agents to reflect the
producs on the market today.
• The standard has increased the sensitivity of the grading scale from two to five points to
improve repeatability and reproducibility.
• Ambient conditions have been brought closer to harmonization.
• More detailed instructions have been provided for the installation of the various designs of
dishwashers.
• Correction formulae have been provided for the correction of energy consumption
measurements for varying water supply temperature.
60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009 – 7 –
+A2:2012(E)
INTRODUCTION
(to amendment 2)
This second amendment to the third edition of IEC 60436 (2004) covers the five following
issues:
• An illustration for the through-circulation thermal cabinet to indicate the position of
temperature sensors and a new position for the basket to prevent partial blockage of the
inlet air path which will improve the consistency of the oven drying results. Furthermore an
improved calibration procedure of the oven temperatures is included. It applies to Annex G
of IEC 60436:2004.
• Revised small bowl specification – the current bowl (named “small serving bowl” as well
as “fruit bowl”) is out of production and will become unavailable as the existing stock is
depleted. This alternate bowl is necessary. This bowl (“dessert bowl”) has been tested and
found to be acceptable. Throughout the standard the names "small serving bowl" and the
"fruit bowl" have been changed to "dessert bowl". This applies to Clause 6, Annex A and
Annex B of IEC 60436:2004.
• The inclusion of standby power to cover the relevant low power modes for dishwashers as
a new Annex O which references IEC 62301 for the measurement method. This Annex O
is based on Annex L of draft 59D/343/CDV for washing machines and has been modified
to be suitable for dishwashers.
• A more detailed description on how to calibrate and work with the new microwave oven
was introduced with IEC 60436, Amendment 1:2009.
• Alternative replacement cutlery items for Annex A are described in A.2 and A.3.
– 8 – 60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009
+A2:2012(E)
ELECTRIC DISHWASHERS FOR HOUSEHOLD USE –
METHODS FOR MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE
1 Scope
This international standard applies to electric dishwashers for household use that are supplied
with hot and/or cold water.
The object is to state and define the principal performance characteristics of electric
dishwashers for household use and to describe the standard methods of measuring these
characteristics.
This standard is concerned neither with safety nor with performance requirements.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60350, Electric cooking ranges, hobs, ovens and grills for household use – Methods for
measuring performance
IEC 60704-2-3, Household and similar electrical appliances – Test code for the determination
of airborne acoustical noise – Part 2-3: Particular requirements for dishwashers
IEC 60704-3, Test code for the determination of airborne acoustical noise emitted by
household and similar electrical appliances – Part 3: Procedure for determining and verifying
declared noise emission values
IEC 60705, Household microwave ovens – Methods for measuring performance
IEC 60734, Household electrical appliances – Performance – Hard water for testing
IEC 62301, Household electrical appliances – Measurement of standby power
ISO 607, Surface active agents and detergents – Methods of sample division
AHAM DW-1:2003: Performance testing methods for household electric dishwashers
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
dishwasher
machine which cleans, rinses, and dries dishware, glassware, cutlery, and, in some cases,
cooking utensils by chemical, mechanical, thermal, and electric means. A dishwasher may or
may not have a specific drying operation at the end of the program
60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009 – 9 –
+A2:2012(E)
3.2
rated dishwasher capacity
whole number of place settings together with the serving pieces (see Annexes A & B) stated
by the manufacturer, which can be cleaned and dried when loaded in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions
3.3
operation
each event that occurs during the dishwasher programme such as cleaning, rinsing or drying
3.4
programme
series of operations which are pre-defined within the dishwasher and which are declared as
suitable for specified levels of soil and/or type of load and together form a complete cycle
3.5
cycle
complete washing, rinsing, and drying process, as defined by the programme selected,
consisting of a series of operations
3.6
programme time
programme time is measured from the initiation of the programme (excluding any user
programmed delay) until an end of programme indicator. If there is no end of programme
indicator, the programme time is equal to the cycle time
3.7
cycle time
cycle time is measured from the initiation of the programme (excluding any user programmed
delay) until all activity ceases (i.e. the end of the cycle)
3.8
automatic dispenser
device activated automatically which injects or dispenses detergent, rinse agent, etc., one or
more times into the dishwasher at predetermined points in the dishwasher cycle
3.9
non-automatic dispenser
device, usually a fixed cup or cavity on the dishwasher door, cover, or dish rack, which
deposits a previously measured amount of detergent, rinse agent, etc., into the dishwasher at
the beginning of the dishwasher cycle
3.10
water softener
device which reduces the hardness of water
3.11
rack
support for holding dishware, cutlery, and/or glassware in the dishwasher
3.12
detergent
cleaning agent in powder, granular, tablet or liquid form, manufactured for use in household
electric dishwashers to aid in the removal of food soils by chemical means
NOTE A reference detergent in powder form is specified for use in this standard (see 5.7).
– 10 – 60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009
+A2:2012(E)
3.13
rinse agent
chemical agent added to the water in the last rinsing operation to improve the drying effect
and reduce water marks
NOTE Two reference rinse agents are specified for use in this standard (see 5.8).
3.14
serving pieces
defined set of crockery and cutlery for serving (see Annexes A and B)
3.15
place settings
defined set of crockery, glass and cutlery for use by one person(see Annexes A and B)
3.16
off mode
mode where the product is switched off using appliance controls or switches that are
accessible and intended for operation by the user during normal use to attain the lowest
power consumption that may persist for an indefinite time while connected to a mains power
source, and used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions
NOTE 1 Where there are no controls, the dishwasher is left to revert to a steady state power consumption of its
own accord.
NOTE 2 Where the dishwasher has no power switch intended for the user to activate off mode, then off mode is
effectively the same as left on mode.
3.17
left on mode
the lowest power consumption mode that may persist for an indefinite time after the
completion of the programme and unloading of the machine without any further intervention of
the user
NOTE In some products, this mode may be an equivalent power to off mode.
3.18
delay start mode
the average power consumption of the mode where the user has selected a specified delay to
the commencement of the programme. This mode is only applicable to dishwashers that
provide a delay start function for the user
NOTE Delay start mode is a short duration (temporary) mode so the duration should always be stated with the
power or energy consumption. The frequency of use and the duration selected will depend on a number of factors
and may vary considerably across individual users.
4 List of measurements
Standard methods of measuring the performance characteristics are determined as follows:
– cleaning performance according to Clause 6;
– drying performance according to Clause 7;
– energy, water consumption and time according to Clause 8;
– airborne acoustical noise according to Clause 9.
5 General conditions for measurements
60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009 – 11 –
+A2:2012(E)
5.1 General
The dishwasher manufacturer’s instructions regarding installation and use of the dishwasher
shall be followed, except where there is a conflict, in which case this standard shall prevail.
Performance tests according to this standard shall be generally carried out on a new machine,
with a reference machine running parallel with the machine(s) under test, i.e., at the same
time under the same conditions using soil prepared at the same time from the same batch.
The reference machine shall be in accordance with the description given in Annex E or
Annex N.
The reference machine shall always be installed as a free standing machine independent of
the type of machine under test.
Before commencing measurements, the dishwasher and the reference machine shall be
checked to ensure that they are operating properly.
All tests shall be started with the appliances at the ambient temperature according to 5.5.
5.1.1 Free standing dishwashers
Dishwashers shall be tested as free standing except where they are designated as built–in or
integrated (refer to 5.1.2). Dishwashers that can be installed as either free standing or built-
in/integrated shall be tested as free standing.
5.1.2 Built in and integrated dishwashers
Built-in dishwashers have to be installed in an enclosure. See Figure I.1.
The front edge of the housing of the dishwasher (except the door) shall be 20 mm to 25 mm
behind the front edge of the test enclosure. If required by the manufacturer’s instructions, the
enclosure shall be provided with ventilation openings accordingly.
If an appliance is provided with spacers, strips or other special means of solid or resilient
material for closing the gap(s) between the contours of the appliance and the cabinet
enclosure, these means shall be used accordingly. If such means are not provided, the gap(s)
shall be left open.
Appliances to be integrated shall be installed under the same conditions as built-in
appliances. In addition, the door of the dishwasher shall be equipped, in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instruction, with a board of the maximum size allowed by the manufacturer and
of the same material and thickness as the test enclosure; see Annex I.
Moreover, for integrated types, the test enclosure shall be provided, in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions, at its lower front side with a skirting board of the maximum height
which corresponds with the size of the board on the door of the appliance and of the same
material and thickness as the test enclosure, see Annex I. If no instructions are given by the
manufacturer, a skirting board as described above shall be pressed against the skirting board
of the appliance.
5.2 Conditioning of the machine under test and sequence of test procedures
Before conducting the performance tests, the dishwasher shall be operated for at least 3
complete cycles using a clean load with reference detergent (specified in 5.7) and without
rinse agent. The following cycle(s) can be a noise test according to Clause 9. No additional
cycles shall be carried out on the machine under test between the sequential steps specified
in the following procedure.
– 12 – 60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009
+A2:2012(E)
The tests shall be performed in the following order: cleaning performance (Clause 6) then
drying performance (Clause 7). The determination of energy, water and cycle/program time
(Clause 8) shall be done in conjunction with a wash performance test (Clause 6).
NOTE 1 The above sequence is necessary for better reproducibility, i.e. to avoid differences in drying
performance due to the ageing process of the plastic parts in the dishwasher (for example, racks).
NOTE 2 Any cycles or operations performed on the appliance during the manufacture of the product are ignored.
NOTE 3 Noise tests require that the test should be carried out before the rinse aid dispenser is filled for the first
time.
5.3 Electricity supply for machines
5.3.1 Electricity supply for test machine
5.3.1.1 Voltage
The test voltage shall be set at the rated voltage of the machine and maintained within the
range of ±2 % throughout the test. If a voltage range is indicated, then the test voltage shall
be set at the nominal voltage of the country in which the appliance is intended to be used. The
measured voltage shall be reported.
NOTE If the rated voltage of the machine differs from the system voltage of the country of intended use,
measurements should be carried out at the nominal voltage of the country of intended use.
5.3.1.2 Frequency
The supply frequency shall be set at the rated frequency of the machine and maintained within
the range ±1 % throughout the test. If a frequency range is indicated, then the testing shall be
carried out at the nominal frequency of the country in which the appliance is intended to be
used. The measured frequency shall be reported.
NOTE If the rated frequency of the machine differs from the system frequency of the country of intended use,
measurements should be carried out at the nominal frequency of the country of intended use.
5.3.2 Electricity supply for the reference machine
5.3.2.1 Voltage
The supply voltage shall be set at 230 V a.c. and maintained within ±2 % throughout the test.
The measured voltage shall be reported.
5.3.2.2 Frequency
The supply frequency shall be set at 50 Hz and maintained within ±1 % throughout the test.
The measured frequency shall be reported.
5.4 Test programme
The first programme to be tested shall be the one recommended by the manufacturer for a
normally soiled load.
NOTE In some countries the manufacturer has to declare the programme to be used, for the purpose of energy
labelling (which may not be for a normally soiled load), in which case this programme shall be the one tested first.
The same programme shall be used for measuring the cleaning performance according to
Clause 6, the drying performance according to Clause 7, the energy and water consumption
and time according to Clause 8, and the noise according to Clause 9, if tested.
Additional programmes may then be tested.
60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009 – 13 –
+A2:2012(E)
5.5 Ambient conditions
The following ambient conditions shall be maintained throughout the measurements.
Oven drying method
– Ambient temperature of the room: (20 ± 2) °C
– Relative humidity: (55 ± 10) % RH
Air dry method
– Ambient temperature of the room: (20 ± 2) °C
– Relative humidity: (65 ± 10) % RH
The ambient temperature and the relative humidity measured during the tests shall be
reported in the test report.
5.6 Water supply
5.6.1 General
The actual water conditions (temperature, hardness, and pressure) maintained during the
tests shall be reported in the test report.
NOTE Some countries specify a hot water temperature for regulatory purposes, in which case this water
temperature should be used for testing.
5.6.2 Water supply – Temperature
The temperature of the supply water shall be
– cold water feed temperature:
• (15 ± 2) °C.
– hot water feed temperature:
• temperature indicated by the manufacturer ±2 °C, or
• where a range is specified which does include 60 °C, (60 ± 2) °C, or
• where a range is specified which does not include 60 °C, the value nearest to
60 °C ± 2 °C, or
• (60 ± 2) °C, if instructions are not given.
5.6.3 Hardness
A water hardness of (2,5 ± 0,5) mmol/l for hard water areas or ≤0,7 mmol/l for soft water areas
shall be used. If water hardness needs to be adjusted to meet these specifications, it shall be
prepared according to IEC 60734 – Method C. The measured water hardness shall be
reported. The water hardness used in the test shall be the one most applicable to the country
of intended use.
NOTE The impact of water hardness variation between 0,0 mmol/l to 0,7 mmol/l is still under investigation.
5.6.4 Water pressure
The pressure of the water supply at each water inlet shall be set at 240 kPa and shall be
maintained within the range ±20 kPa, including during all fills. The measured water pressure
shall be reported. Where the manufacturer specifies a range of water pressure that does not
include 240 kPa ± 20 kPa, the water pressure shall be set at the end of the pressure range
closest to 240 kPa ± 20 kPa.
– 14 – 60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009
+A2:2012(E)
5.7 Detergent
The reference detergent C, as described in Annex D, shall be used in the reference machine
and test machine(s) when measuring performance. The quantity shall be as recommended by
the manufacturer. But shall not be more than
– 15,0 g + 1,25 g per place setting.
If no recommendation is given by the manufacturer, use
– 12,0 g + 1,0 g per place setting
For dishwashers not equipped with a water softener and being tested with hard water (see
5.6.3), follow the manufacturer’s recommendation, but the quantity shall not exceed
15,0 g + 1,25 g per place setting, in both the pre-wash and the main wash. If no
recommendation is given by the manufacturer, use 12,0 g + 1,0 g per place setting, in both
the pre-wash and the main wash. The quantity of detergent used in g/place setting during the
tests shall be recorded.
The detergent shall be placed in the dishwasher immediately prior to starting the programme.
If a dispenser is incorporated in the dishwasher it shall be used. The dispenser shall be clean
and dry prior to the placement of detergent. In the absence of manufacturer’s
recommendations, the detergent shall be placed in the main compartment of the dispenser.
Detergent from the same batch shall be used for the dishwasher under test and for the
reference dishwasher.
Before use the detergent shall be homogenized in accordance with ISO 607 (refer to Annex F
for suitable equipment).
5.8 Rinse agent
The rinse agent as described in Annex D shall be used. For a water hardness of 2,5 mmol/l,
Formula III rinse aid (acidic) shall be used. For a water hardness of ≤0,7 mmol/l, Formula IV
(neutral) rinse aid shall be used.
NOTE 1 As a guide, acidic rinse agent is to be used with hard water and neutral rinse agent with soft water.
However, where one type of rinse aid is not generally available in the country of intended use, the other may be
specified regardless of the water hardness. In dishwashers with softeners in hardwater areas, the hardness in the
final rinse will be below 0,7 mmol/l.
For dishwashers with an adjustable automatic dispenser, the setting shall be as recommended
by the manufacturer. In the absence of such an indication, the setting shall be used which
gives the lowest quantity of rinse aid.
NOTE 2 Any recommendation by the manufacturer to the user to manually adjust the initial setting, based on
experience, is disregarded.
For machines without automatic dispensers, the rinse agent shall be added manually, if so
recommended by the manufacturer and in accordance with their instructions.
5.9 Salt
If the dishwasher is equipped with a water softener that requires salt, fill in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions for the water hardness used for the test. For specification of
the salt, see Annex D.
60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009 – 15 –
+A2:2012(E)
6 Cleaning performance
6.1 General and purpose
The purpose of this test is to measure how well the appliance cleans normally soiled place
settings and serving pieces.
The tests are carried out in parallel with one of the reference machines specified in Annex E
or Annex N. Soiling of the test loads for the test machine(s) and the reference machine shall
be prepared in parallel.
The reference machine shall also be run in parallel with any test machine(s). For a large
number of test loads, it may be necessary to have more than one person preparing soils, but
one person shall prepare each soil type for all loads. Similarly, one person shall apply each
soil type for all loads (person preparing soils may be different than the person applying soils).
Detergent and rinse agents are used according to 5.7 and 5.8.
The sequence of the test procedure as specified in 5.2 shall be followed.
NOTE If only a cleaning evaluation is to be undertaken, the evaluation may be commenced as soon as the
dishwasher indicates the end of the programme and the evaluator can safely handle the load.
6.2 Load
The test load shall consist of the whole number of complete place settings plus the
corresponding serving pieces (see Annex A or B) which together comprise the manufacturer’s
rated capacity.
NOTE The reference machine always uses a load style from Annex A, irrespective of the load style used on the
test machine.
All items shall be thoroughly clean and dry so that they could achieve a score of 5 before
soiling. Any evaluation shall be done in accordance with 6.7. If a load item needs to be
cleaned or reconditioned, items can be washed by hand or washed in a dishwasher but all
reconditioned items shall be washed in a dishwasher that dispenses IEC rinse aid (refer to
Annex D) in the final operation prior to the next test.
NOTE Reconditioning in a dishwasher should be done using detergent B or C (refer to Annex D).
Any items with imperfections likely to affect the evaluation or with chips or cracks shall be
removed and replaced.
6.3 Soiling agents
The following soiling agents are required:
– milk;
– tea;
– minced meat;
– egg;
– oat flakes;
– spinach;
– margarine.
All food products, at the time they are used for the preparation of soiling agents to this
standard, shall be within the “use-by” date or before their expiry date stated on the product.
The remains of newly opened packets of tea and oat flakes may be used for subsequent tests
– 16 – 60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009
+A2:2012(E)
for a period of up to 60 d after opening, if the contents are stored in a sealed container.
Specific directions are provided in the following section for storage and re-use of spinach after
defrosting.
If the specified product is not available, the use of a similar product which provides equivalent
results is permitted. Equivalency shall be proven through testing.
6.4 Preparation and application of soiling agents
Unless specifically stated otherwise, all soiling agents are to be freshly prepared for each test.
The whole amount of each soiling agent needed for the test (grams/setting × number of
settings) shall be weighed out, divided into portions as necessary and applied as specified to
the parts of the setting.
It is then recommended to start by pre-heating the microwave oven for the milk soiling. During
this time prepare the tea soiling. During the pre-drying period for the tea (one hour) prepare
and apply the rest of the soiling agents.
NOTE Refer to Annex C for an illustration of soiling distribution and quantities.
6.4.1 Milk
6.4.1.1 Items required for preparation
– Any U.H.T. milk with 1,5 % – 2 % fat content may be used. U.H.T. milk shall have a “use-
by” date, or expiry date, of at least 1,5 months from the date of the test. Fresh 2 % fat
content homogenized milk may be used within its expiry date and shall be kept
refrigerated. U.H.T. milk shall be refrigerated after opening and shall be used within 2
days of opening.
– Microwave oven with a glass turntable as specified in Annex G.
– Laboratory glasses without drain (250 ml capacity – See Annex A or B) with the following
dimensions:
• height: 115 cm
• diameter: 60 cm
– Pipette (10 ml)
6.4.1.2 Conversion
If the power levels of the microwave oven used are not equal to the rated values (780 W and
150 W) according to Annex G but within the given tolerances the heating times shall be
corrected as follows:
BOSCH model HMT752F Approved microwave
oven for tests
P ⋅ t P ⋅ Z
1 1 1
t = t = (Z.1)
u,1 u,1
P P
u,1 u,1
P ⋅ t P ⋅ t
2 2 2 2
(Z.2)
t = t =
u,2 u,2
P P
u,2 u,2
___________
“Bosch HMT752F"is the trade name of a product supplied by Bosch. This information is provided for the
convenience of users of this international standard and does not constitute an endorsement by the IEC of this
trademark. Items of the similar specification may be used if they can be shown to lead to equivalent results.
60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009 – 17 –
+A2:2012(E)
where
P is 780 W
P is 150 W
t is 4 min
t is 10 min
Z is the recommended time setting in min in the attached data sheet which will be
delivered together with the microwave oven as described in G.1
P is the actual max. power level used in W (measured according to IEC 60705)
u,1
t is the corresponding heating time to be used in min
u,1
P is the actual reduced power level used in W [determined by Equation (Z.3)]
u,2
t is the corresponding actual heating time to be used in min.
u,2
P
u,1
P = (t − t ) (Z.3)
u,2 on up
t
p
where
t is the time of the elementary period of the magnetron in the microwave oven at the
p
reduced power level in s;
t is the time the microwave oven is on within the elementary period in s.
on
t is 1,6 s, which is the magnetron filament heating-up time
up
Use levels, which are close to the rated levels.
6.4.1.3 Pre-heating the microwave oven
Before cooking the milk in the glasses, heat up the microwave oven as follows:
Place six glasses, each filled with 50 ml of water, in the microwave oven;
Place the glasses symmetrically in a circle of 160 mm diameter (centre of the circle = centre
of the glass turntable). See Figure 1.
Operate the microwave oven for 4 or respe
...
IEC 60436 ®
Edition 3.0 2004-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Electric dishwashers for household use – Methods for measuring the
performance
Lave-vaisselle électriques à usage domestique – Méthodes de mesure de
l'aptitude à la fonction
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IEC 60436 ®
Edition 3.0 2004-02
INTERNATIONAL
STANDARD
NORME
INTERNATIONALE
colour
inside
Electric dishwashers for household use – Methods for measuring the
performance
Lave-vaisselle électriques à usage domestique – Méthodes de mesure de
l'aptitude à la fonction
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
PRICE CODE
INTERNATIONALE
CODE PRIX XA
ICS 97.040.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-0934-9
– 2 – 60436 IEC:2004
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 7
4 List of measurements . 9
5 General conditions for measurements . 9
5.1 General . 9
5.2 Conditioning of the machine under test and sequence of test procedures . 10
5.3 Electricity supply for machines . 10
5.4 Test programme . 11
5.5 Ambient conditions . 11
5.6 Water supply . 11
5.7 Detergent . 12
5.8 Rinse agent . 13
5.9 Salt . 13
6 Cleaning performance . 13
6.1 General and purpose . 13
6.2 Load . 13
6.3 Soiling agents. 14
6.4 Preparation and application of soiling agents . 14
6.5 Drying of the soiled dishes . 21
6.6 Loading and operating . 22
6.7 Evaluation . 22
6.8 Expressing results . 27
7 Drying performance . 27
7.1 General and purpose . 27
7.2 Load . 27
7.3 Loading and operating . 27
7.4 Evaluation . 28
7.5 Expressing results . 31
8 Energy consumption, water consumption and time . 31
8.1 General and purpose . 31
8.2 Method of measurement . 31
9 Airborne acoustical noise . 33
Annex A (normative) Place settings and serving pieces (non-AHAM style load) . 34
Annex B (normative) AHAM style load . 36
Annex C (informative) Illustration of soil distribution . 39
Annex D (normative) Test materials for laboratories . 40
Annex E (normative) Description of the reference machine . 42
Annex F (informative) Addresses of suppliers . 46
60436 IEC:2004 – 3 –
Annex G (normative) Microwave oven and through-circulation thermal cabinet . 50
Annex H (informative) Guidelines for assessing cleaning performance . 51
Annex I (normative) Test enclosure for built-in dishwasher. 53
Annex J (informative) Flow chart – test sequence for IEC 60436 . 54
Annex K (normative) Shade chart. 55
Annex L (informative) Test report format . 56
Annex M (informative) Adjusting water consumption in the reference dishwasher. 59
Bibliography . 61
Figure 1 – Position of the glasses on the microwave turntable . 16
Figure I.1 – Test enclosure for built-in dishwasher . 53
Table 1 – Evaluation of cleaning Tests . 23
Table 2 – Evaluation to determine the cleaning index . 24
Table 3 – Numerical Values of the t-factor for statistical calculations . 26
Table 4 – Evaluation to determine the drying index . 29
Table L.1 – Detailed results for test machine(s) and reference machine . 58
– 4 – 60436 IEC:2004
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTRIC DISHWASHERS FOR HOUSEHOLD USE –
METHODS FOR MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE
FOREWORD
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7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
International Standard IEC 60436 has been prepared by subcommittee 59A: Electric
dishwashers, of IEC technical committee 59: Performance of household electrical appliances.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 1981 and constitutes a
technical revision. Major changes introduced in the second edition include
• changes made to the soils used in the standard;
• the use of an oven and microwave oven to dry the soils;
• the alternate 15 to 18 hour air dry method to dry the soils;
• the addition of a reference dishwasher;
• the recognition of alternate supply voltages and frequencies;
• the recognition of a cold or hot water supply to the dishwasher;
• the detergent and rinse aid compositions have been uprated to reflect current technology;
• the addition of the Aham load;
• the evaluation of the filter systems;
• the modification of the scoring system from 2 to 5 grades;
60436 IEC:2004 – 5 –
• the definition of program and cycle time;
• the temperature correction for energy testing;
• harmonization of ambient conditions.
This bilingual version (2013-07) corresponds to the monolingual English version, published in
2004-02.
The text of this standard is based on the following documents:
FDIS Report on voting
59A/114A/FDIS 59A/116/RVD
Full information on the voting for the approval of this standard can be found in the report on
voting indicated in the above table.
The French version of this standard has not been voted upon.
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
2006. At this date, the publication will be either:
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
– 6 – 60436 IEC:2004
INTRODUCTION
In 1996, IEC subcommittee 59A charged its Working Group 2 with the revision of the second
edition of IEC 60436 to make it suitable for the international needs and to make it suitable for
the current levels of dishwasher performance and technology.
The second edition was published in 1981 and has not been significantly updated.
SC59A instructed the WG2 to take the Cenelec draft standard EN 50242 as the basis for the
third edition.
An important reason for the third edition was the need to take into account the needs of all
countries such as varying voltages and frequencies, different water supply temperatures and
water hardness and availability of specified soils in in the various countries.
To meet the goal the following significant technical changes were made.
• The repeatability and reproducibility of the test results have been improved by the
introduction of the same model reference dishwasher specified for all locations.
• The soils have been changed to reflect the modern dishwasher's capability.
• The preparation of the soils has been improved to enhance repeatability and reproducibility
by the introduction of new drying methods.
• The standard also recognizes various supply voltages and frequencies,cold or hot water
supply, an alternate Aham load, the evaluation of dishwasher filter systems.
• The standard has updated the formulation of the detergent and rinse agents to reflect the
producs on the market today.
• The standard has increased the sensitivity of the grading scale from two to five points to
improve repeatability and reproducibility.
• Ambient conditions have been brought closer to harmonization.
• More detailed instructions have been provided for the installation of the various designs of
dishwashers.
• Correction formulae have been provided for the correction of energy consumption
measurements for varying water supply temperature.
60436 IEC:2004 – 7 –
ELECTRIC DISHWASHERS FOR HOUSEHOLD USE –
METHODS FOR MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE
1 Scope
This international standard applies to electric dishwashers for household use that are supplied
with hot and/or cold water.
The object is to state and define the principal performance characteristics of electric
dishwashers for household use and to describe the standard methods of measuring these
characteristics.
This standard is concerned neither with safety nor with performance requirements.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60350, Electric cooking ranges, hobs, ovens and grills for household use – Methods for
measuring performance
IEC 60704-2-3, Household and similar electrical appliances – Test code for the determination
of airborne acoustical noise – Part 2-3: Particular requirements for dishwashers
IEC 60704-3, Test code for the determination of airborne acoustical noise emitted by
household and similar electrical appliances – Part 3: Procedure for determining and verifying
declared noise emission values
IEC 60705, Household microwave ovens – Methods for measuring performance
IEC 60734, Household electrical appliances – Performance – Hard water for testing
ISO 607, Surface active agents and detergents – Methods of sample division
AHAM DW-1:2003: Performance testing methods for household electric dishwashers
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
dishwasher
machine which cleans, rinses, and dries dishware, glassware, cutlery, and, in some cases,
cooking utensils by chemical, mechanical, thermal, and electric means. A dishwasher may or
may not have a specific drying operation at the end of the program
– 8 – 60436 IEC:2004
3.2
rated dishwasher capacity
whole number of place settings together with the serving pieces (see Annexes A & B) stated
by the manufacturer, which can be cleaned and dried when loaded in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions
3.3
operation
each event that occurs during the dishwasher programme such as cleaning, rinsing or drying
3.4
programme
series of operations which are pre-defined within the dishwasher and which are declared as
suitable for specified levels of soil and/or type of load and together form a complete cycle
3.5
cycle
complete washing, rinsing, and drying process, as defined by the programme selected,
consisting of a series of operations
3.6
programme time
programme time is measured from the initiation of the programme (excluding any user
programmed delay) until an end of programme indicator. If there is no end of programme
indicator, the programme time is equal to the cycle time
3.7
cycle time
cycle time is measured from the initiation of the programme (excluding any user programmed
delay) until all activity ceases (i.e. the end of the cycle)
3.8
automatic dispenser
device activated automatically which injects or dispenses detergent, rinse agent, etc., one or
more times into the dishwasher at predetermined points in the dishwasher cycle
3.9
non-automatic dispenser
device, usually a fixed cup or cavity on the dishwasher door, cover, or dish rack, which
deposits a previously measured amount of detergent, rinse agent, etc., into the dishwasher at
the beginning of the dishwasher cycle
3.10
water softener
device which reduces the hardness of water
3.11
rack
support for holding dishware, cutlery, and/or glassware in the dishwasher
3.12
detergent
cleaning agent in powder, granular, tablet or liquid form, manufactured for use in household
electric dishwashers to aid in the removal of food soils by chemical means
NOTE A reference detergent in powder form is specified for use in this standard (see 5.7).
60436 IEC:2004 – 9 –
3.13
rinse agent
chemical agent added to the water in the last rinsing operation to improve the drying effect
and reduce water marks
NOTE Two reference rinse agents are specified for use in this standard (see 5.8).
3.14
serving pieces
defined set of crockery and cutlery for serving (see Annexes A and B)
3.15
place settings
defined set of crockery, glass and cutlery for use by one person (see Annexes A and B)
4 List of measurements
Standard methods of measuring the performance characteristics are determined as follows:
– cleaning performance according to Clause 6;
– drying performance according to Clause 7;
– energy, water consumption and time according to Clause 8;
– airborne acoustical noise according to Clause 9.
5 General conditions for measurements
5.1 General
The dishwasher manufacturer’s instructions regarding installation and use of the dishwasher
shall be followed, except where there is a conflict, in which case this standard shall prevail.
Performance tests according to this standard shall be generally carried out on a new machine,
with a reference machine running parallel with the machine(s) under test, i.e., at the same
time under the same conditions using soil prepared at the same time from the same batch.
The reference machine shall be in accordance with the description given in Annex E.
The reference machine shall always be installed as a free standing machine independent of
the type of machine under test.
Before commencing measurements, the dishwasher and the reference machine shall be
checked to ensure that they are operating properly.
All tests shall be started with the appliances at the ambient temperature according to 5.5.
5.1.1 Free standing dishwashers
Dishwashers shall be tested as free standing except where they are designated as built–in or
integrated (refer to 5.1.2). Dishwashers that can be installed as either free standing or built-
in/integrated shall be tested as free standing.
5.1.2 Built in and integrated dishwashers
Built-in dishwashers have to be installed in an enclosure. See Figure I.1.
– 10 – 60436 IEC:2004
The front edge of the housing of the dishwasher (except the door) shall be 20 mm to 25 mm
behind the front edge of the test enclosure. If required by the manufacturer’s instructions, the
enclosure shall be provided with ventilation openings accordingly.
If an appliance is provided with spacers, strips or other special means of solid or resilient
material for closing the gap(s) between the contours of the appliance and the cabinet
enclosure, these means shall be used accordingly. If such means are not provided, the gap(s)
shall be left open.
Appliances to be integrated shall be installed under the same conditions as built-in
appliances. In addition, the door of the dishwasher shall be equipped, in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instruction, with a board of the maximum size allowed by the manufacturer and
of the same material and thickness as the test enclosure; see Annex I.
Moreover, for integrated types, the test enclosure shall be provided, in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions, at its lower front side with a skirting board of the maximum height
which corresponds with the size of the board on the door of the appliance and of the same
material and thickness as the test enclosure, see Annex I. If no instructions are given by the
manufacturer, a skirting board as described above shall be pressed against the skirting board
of the appliance.
5.2 Conditioning of the machine under test and sequence of test procedures
Before conducting the performance tests, the dishwasher shall be operated for at least 3
complete cycles using a clean load with reference detergent (specified in 5.7) and without
rinse agent. The following cycle(s) can be a noise test according to Clause 9. No additional
cycles shall be carried out on the machine under test between the sequential steps specified
in the following procedure.
The tests shall be performed in the following order: cleaning performance (Clause 6) then
drying performance (Clause 7). The determination of energy, water and cycle/program time
(Clause 8) shall be done in conjunction with a wash performance test (Clause 6).
NOTE 1 The above sequence is necessary for better reproducibility, i.e. to avoid differences in drying
performance due to the ageing process of the plastic parts in the dishwasher (for example, racks).
NOTE 2 Any cycles or operations performed on the appliance during the manufacture of the product are ignored.
NOTE 3 Noise tests require that the test should be carried out before the rinse aid dispenser is filled for the first
time.
5.3 Electricity supply for machines
5.3.1 Electricity supply for test machine
5.3.1.1 Voltage
The test voltage shall be set at the rated voltage of the machine and maintained within the
range of ±2 % throughout the test. If a voltage range is indicated, then the test voltage shall
be set at the nominal voltage of the country in which the appliance is intended to be used. The
measured voltage shall be reported.
NOTE If the rated voltage of the machine differs from the system voltage of the country of intended use,
measurements should be carried out at the nominal voltage of the country of intended use.
5.3.1.2 Frequency
The supply frequency shall be set at the rated frequency of the machine and maintained within
the range ±1 % throughout the test. If a frequency range is indicated, then the testing shall be
carried out at the nominal frequency of the country in which the appliance is intended to be
used. The measured frequency shall be reported.
60436 IEC:2004 – 11 –
NOTE If the rated frequency of the machine differs from the system frequency of the country of intended use,
measurements should be carried out at the nominal frequency of the country of intended use.
5.3.2 Electricity supply for the reference machine
5.3.2.1 Voltage
The supply voltage shall be set at 230 V a.c. and maintained within ±2 % throughout the test.
The measured voltage shall be reported.
5.3.2.2 Frequency
The supply frequency shall be set at 50 Hz and maintained within ±1 % throughout the test.
The measured frequency shall be reported.
5.4 Test programme
The first programme to be tested shall be the one recommended by the manufacturer for a
normally soiled load.
NOTE In some countries the manufacturer has to declare the programme to be used, for the purpose of energy
labelling (which may not be for a normally soiled load), in which case this programme shall be the one tested first.
The same programme shall be used for measuring the cleaning performance according to
Clause 6, the drying performance according to Clause 7, the energy and water consumption
and time according to Clause 8, and the noise according to Clause 9, if tested.
Additional programmes may then be tested.
5.5 Ambient conditions
The following ambient conditions shall be maintained throughout the measurements.
Oven drying method
– Ambient temperature of the room: (20 ± 2) °C
– Relative humidity: (55 ± 10) % RH
Air dry method
– Ambient temperature of the room: (20 ± 2) °C
– Relative humidity: (65 ± 10) % RH
The ambient temperature and the relative humidity measured during the tests shall be
reported in the test report.
5.6 Water supply
5.6.1 General
The actual water conditions (temperature, hardness, and pressure) maintained during the
tests shall be reported in the test report.
NOTE Some countries specify a hot water temperature for regulatory purposes, in which case this water
temperature should be used for testing.
5.6.2 Water supply – Temperature
The temperature of the supply water shall be
– 12 – 60436 IEC:2004
– cold water feed temperature:
• (15 ± 2) °C.
– hot water feed temperature:
• temperature indicated by the manufacturer ±2 °C, or
• where a range is specified which does include 60 °C, (60 ± 2) °C, or
• where a range is specified which does not include 60 °C, the value nearest to
60 °C ± 2 °C, or
• (60 ± 2) °C, if instructions are not given.
5.6.3 Hardness
A water hardness of (2,5 ± 0,5) mmol/l for hard water areas or ≤0,7 mmol/l for soft water areas
shall be used. If water hardness needs to be adjusted to meet these specifications, it shall be
prepared according to IEC 60734 – Method C. The measured water hardness shall be
reported. The water hardness used in the test shall be the one most applicable to the country
of intended use.
NOTE The impact of water hardness variation between 0,0 mmol/l to 0,7 mmol/l is still under investigation.
5.6.4 Water pressure
The pressure of the water supply at each water inlet shall be set at 240 kPa and shall be
maintained within the range ±20 kPa, including during all fills. The measured water pressure
shall be reported. Where the manufacturer specifies a range of water pressure that does not
include 240 kPa ± 20 kPa, the water pressure shall be set at the end of the pressure range
closest to 240 kPa ± 20 kPa.
5.7 Detergent
The reference detergent C, as described in Annex D, shall be used in the reference machine
and test machine(s) when measuring performance. The quantity shall be as recommended by
the manufacturer. But shall not be more than
– 15,0 g + 1,25 g per place setting.
If no recommendation is given by the manufacturer, use
– 12,0 g + 1,0 g per place setting
For dishwashers not equipped with a water softener and being tested with hard water (see
5.6.3), follow the manufacturer’s recommendation, but the quantity shall not exceed
15,0 g + 1,25 g per place setting, in both the pre-wash and the main wash. If no
recommendation is given by the manufacturer, use 12,0 g + 1,0 g per place setting, in both
the pre-wash and the main wash. The quantity of detergent used in g/place setting during the
tests shall be recorded.
The detergent shall be placed in the dishwasher immediately prior to starting the programme.
If a dispenser is incorporated in the dishwasher it shall be used. The dispenser shall be clean
and dry prior to the placement of detergent. In the absence of manufacturer’s
recommendations, the detergent shall be placed in the main compartment of the dispenser.
Detergent from the same batch shall be used for the dishwasher under test and for the
reference dishwasher.
Before use the detergent shall be homogenized in accordance with ISO 607 (refer to Annex F
for suitable equipment).
60436 IEC:2004 – 13 –
5.8 Rinse agent
The rinse agent as described in Annex D shall be used. For a water hardness of 2,5 mmol/l,
Formula III rinse aid (acidic) shall be used. For a water hardness of ≤0,7 mmol/l, Formula IV
(neutral) rinse aid shall be used.
NOTE 1 As a guide, acidic rinse agent is to be used with hard water and neutral rinse agent with soft water.
However, where one type of rinse aid is not generally available in the country of intended use, the other may be
specified regardless of the water hardness. In dishwashers with softeners in hardwater areas, the hardness in the
final rinse will be below 0,7 mmol/l.
For dishwashers with an adjustable automatic dispenser, the setting shall be as recommended
by the manufacturer. In the absence of such an indication, the setting shall be used which
gives the lowest quantity of rinse aid.
NOTE 2 Any recommendation by the manufacturer to the user to manually adjust the initial setting, based on
experience, is disregarded.
For machines without automatic dispensers, the rinse agent shall be added manually, if so
recommended by the manufacturer and in accordance with their instructions.
5.9 Salt
If the dishwasher is equipped with a water softener that requires salt, fill in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions for the water hardness used for the test. For specification of
the salt, see Annex D.
6 Cleaning performance
6.1 General and purpose
The purpose of this test is to measure how well the appliance cleans normally soiled place
settings and serving pieces.
The tests are carried out in parallel with the reference machine specified in Annex E. Soiling
of the test loads for the test machine(s) and the reference machine shall be prepared in
parallel.
The reference machine shall also be run in parallel with any test machine(s). For a large
number of test loads, it may be necessary to have more than one person preparing soils, but
one person shall prepare each soil type for all loads. Similarly, one person shall apply each
soil type for all loads (person preparing soils may be different than the person applying soils).
Detergent and rinse agents are used according to 5.7 and 5.8.
The sequence of the test procedure as specified in 5.2 shall be followed.
NOTE If only a cleaning evaluation is to be undertaken, the evaluation may be commenced as soon as the
dishwasher indicates the end of the programme and the evaluator can safely handle the load.
6.2 Load
The test load shall consist of the whole number of complete place settings plus the
corresponding serving pieces (see Annex A or B) which together comprise the manufacturer’s
rated capacity.
NOTE The reference machine always uses a load style from Annex A, irrespective of the load style used on the
test machine.
All items shall be thoroughly clean and dry so that they could achieve a score of 5 before
soiling. Any evaluation shall be done in accordance with 6.7. If a load item needs to be
– 14 – 60436 IEC:2004
cleaned or reconditioned, items can be washed by hand or washed in a dishwasher but all
reconditioned items shall be washed in a dishwasher that dispenses IEC rinse aid (refer to
Annex D) in the final operation prior to the next test.
NOTE Reconditioning in a dishwasher should be done using detergent B or C (refer to Annex D).
Any items with imperfections likely to affect the evaluation or with chips or cracks shall be
removed and replaced.
6.3 Soiling agents
The following soiling agents are required:
– milk;
– tea;
– minced meat;
– egg;
– oat flakes;
– spinach;
– margarine.
All food products, at the time they are used for the preparation of soiling agents to this
standard, shall be within the “use-by” date or before their expiry date stated on the product.
The remains of newly opened packets of tea and oat flakes may be used for subsequent tests
for a period of up to 60 d after opening, if the contents are stored in a sealed container.
Specific directions are provided in the following section for storage and re-use of spinach after
defrosting.
If the specified product is not available, the use of a similar product which provides equivalent
results is permitted. Equivalency shall be proven through testing.
6.4 Preparation and application of soiling agents
Unless specifically stated otherwise, all soiling agents are to be freshly prepared for each test.
The whole amount of each soiling agent needed for the test (grams/setting × number of
settings) shall be weighed out, divided into portions as necessary and applied as specified to
the parts of the setting.
It is then recommended to start by pre-heating the microwave oven for the milk soiling. During
this time prepare the tea soiling. During the pre-drying period for the tea (one hour) prepare
and apply the rest of the soiling agents.
NOTE Refer to Annex C for an illustration of soiling distribution and quantities.
6.4.1 Milk
6.4.1.1 Items required for preparation
– Any U.H.T. milk with 1,5 % – 2 % fat content may be used. U.H.T. milk shall have a “use-
by” date, or expiry date, of at least 1,5 months from the date of the test. Fresh 2 % fat
content homogenized milk may be used within its expiry date and shall be kept
refrigerated. U.H.T. milk shall be refrigerated after opening and shall be used within 2
days of opening.
– Microwave oven with a glass turntable as specified in Annex G.
– Laboratory glasses without drain (250 ml capacity – See Annex A or B) with the following
dimensions:
60436 IEC:2004 – 15 –
• height: 115 cm
• diameter: 60 cm
– Pipette (10 ml)
6.4.1.2 Conversion
If the power level of the microwave oven to be used is not equal to the specified rated values
(780 W and 150 W) according to Annex G but within the given tolerances, the pre-heating and
cooking times shall be corrected as follows:
P × T
d d
T =
u
P
u
where
P is the power level, determined ;
d
T is the cooking time, determined (in seconds);
d
P is the power level, used (measured according to IEC 60705);
u
T is the cooking time to use (in seconds).
u
Use levels which are as close to the specified power levels (wattage) as possible.
6.4.1.3 Pre-heating the microwave oven
Before cooking the milk in the glasses, heat up the microwave oven as follows:
– Place six glasses each filled with 50 ml of water, in the microwave oven;
– Place the glasses symmetrically in a circle with a radius of 9,5 cm – 10 cm (centre of the
circle = centre of the glass turntable). See Figure 1.
– Operate the microwave oven for 4 min at a power level of 780 W and then for 10 min at a
power level of 150 W, or at the corrected cooking times calculated above for the power
level used.
After pre-cooking, take the water-filled glasses out of the microwave oven.
6.4.1.4 Application
Upon removal from the refrigerator, shake the milk well for approximately 30 s before each
application. Immediately after the shaking, pour 10 ml into each glass using a pipette and
immediately carry out the cooking process. Use one glass for each place setting.
Any remaining milk shall be put back into the refrigerator, without delay.
6.4.1.5 Cooking process
Immediately after the pre-heating has been completed, place 6 glasses with milk (10 ml/glass)
in the microwave oven and cook the glasses continuously under the same conditions, i.e., for
4 min at 780 W and 10 min at 150 W, or at the corrected conditions.
During each cooking operation there shall always be 6 glasses, with milk, in the microwave
oven. The glasses shall be placed on the turntable as shown in Figure 1 and the base of
beaker shall remain flat on the turntable.
NOTE If more than 6 glasses are required for testing, an additional 6 may be cooked immediately after the first
set of 6 glasses, without repeating the pre-heating process.
– 16 – 60436 IEC:2004
After the cooking period in the microwave oven, the colour of the cooked milk shall be
compared with the colour chart in Annex K. The colour at the bottom of the glass shall be at
least colour No. 4 on the colour chart and not exceed colour No. 6.
Small areas of the milk skin shall not be darker than 12 on the colour chart.
Figure 1 – Position of the glasses on the microwave turntable
6.4.2 Tea
Use tea with the following characteristics:
• tea type: black
• tea quality: ceylon
• leaf quality: orange pekoe
• leaf size: broken
60436 IEC:2004 – 17 –
The tea recommended in Annex F meets these requirements.
6.4.2.1 Preparation
Pour 1 litre of boiling water over 6 g of tea and allow to stand in a covered container, for a
period of 5 min. Afterwards, pour the tea through a sieve (mesh aperture 1 mm) into a second
container. Ensure that the total hardness of the water used for making the tea is between
2,0 mmol/l and 3,0 mmol/l.
NOTE Tap water, mineral water or water prepared in accordance with 5.6.3 that meets the above specification
may be used.
6.4.2.2 Pre-drying for oven drying method
Half-fill the cups and saucers with tea, ensuring an even distribution over cups and saucers
respectively. Place the cups and saucers in a preheated to 80 °C thermal cabinet (see
Annex G) as quickly as possible, and leave to dry for a period of 1 h. Ensure that the dishes
are not placed too closely together. Remove the items from the thermal cabinet and empty out
any remaining tea, and discard.
6.4.2.3 Pre-drying for air drying method
Half fill the cups and saucers with tea, and allow to pre-dry at ambient conditions for one hour.
Carefully decant the excess tea from the cup and saucer so that approximately 20-30 ml of
tea are remaining in both the cup and the saucer, retaining as many particles as possible. The
decanted tea is discarded.
6.4.3 Minced meat
Prepare a sufficiently large amount of
...
IEC 60436 ®
Edition 3.2 2012-04
CONSOLIDATED
VERSION
VERSION
CONSOLIDÉE
colour
inside
Electric dishwashers for household use – Methods for measuring the
performance
Lave-vaisselle électriques à usage domestique – Méthodes de mesure de
l'aptitude à la fonction
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IEC 60436 ®
Edition 3.2 2012-04
CONSOLIDATED
VERSION
VERSION
CONSOLIDÉE
colour
inside
Electric dishwashers for household use – Methods for measuring the
performance
Lave-vaisselle électriques à usage domestique – Méthodes de mesure de
l'aptitude à la fonction
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
COMMISSION
ELECTROTECHNIQUE
INTERNATIONALE
ICS 97.040.40 ISBN 978-2-8322-0055-1
IEC 60436 ®
Edition 3.2 2012-04
REDLINE VERSION
VERSION REDLINE
colour
inside
Electric dishwashers for household use – Methods for measuring the
performance
Lave-vaisselle électriques à usage domestique – Méthodes de mesure de
l'aptitude à la fonction
– 2 – 60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009
+A2:2012
CONTENTS
FOREWORD . 4
INTRODUCTION . 6
INTRODUCTION TO AMENDMENT 2 . 7
1 Scope . 8
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 List of measurements . 10
5 General conditions for measurements . 11
5.1 General . 11
5.2 Conditioning of the machine under test and sequence of test procedures . 11
5.3 Electricity supply for machines . 12
5.4 Test programme . 12
5.5 Ambient conditions . 13
5.6 Water supply . 13
5.7 Detergent . 14
5.8 Rinse agent . 14
5.9 Salt . 14
6 Cleaning performance . 15
6.1 General and purpose . 15
6.2 Load . 15
6.3 Soiling agents. 15
6.4 Preparation and application of soiling agents . 16
6.5 Drying of the soiled dishes . 25
6.6 Loading and operating . 25
6.7 Evaluation . 26
6.8 Expressing results . 30
7 Drying performance . 30
7.1 General and purpose . 30
7.2 Load . 30
7.3 Loading and operating . 30
7.4 Evaluation . 31
7.5 Expressing results . 34
8 Energy consumption, water consumption and time . 34
8.1 General and purpose . 34
8.2 Method of measurement . 34
9 Airborne acoustical noise . 36
Annex A (normative) Place settings and serving pieces (non-AHAM style load) . 37
Annex B (normative) AHAM style load . 39
Annex C (informative) Illustration of soil distribution . 42
Annex D (normative) Test materials for laboratories . 43
Annex E (normative) Description of the reference machine [Type 1] . 45
60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009 – 3 –
+A2:2012
Annex F (informative) Addresses of suppliers . 49
Annex G (normative) Microwave oven and through-circulation thermal cabinet . 53
Annex H (informative) Guidelines for assessing cleaning performance . 56
Annex I (normative) Test enclosure for built-in dishwasher. 58
Annex J (informative) Flow chart – test sequence for IEC 60436 . 59
Annex K (normative) Shade chart. 60
Annex L (informative) Test report format . 61
Annex M (informative) Adjusting water consumption in the reference dishwasher. 64
Annex N (normative) Description of the reference machine [Type 2] . 65
Annex O (normative) Additional aspects of the energy consumption of dishwashers
[based on 59D/343/CDV] . 69
Bibliography . 73
Figure 1 – Position of the glasses on the microwave turntable . 20
Figure G.1 – Illustration chart 1: Location of the thermocouple on upper, intermediate
and lower wire sheet . 54
Figure G.2 – Illustration chart 2: The thermal cabinet filled with dishes (pictures of the
soiled items) . 55
Figure I.1 – Test enclosure for built-in dishwasher . 58
Figure N.1 – Reference machine [Type 2] loading plan . 68
Table 1 – Evaluation of cleaning Tests . 26
Table 2 – Evaluation to determine the cleaning index . 27
Table 3 – Numerical Values of the t-factor for statistical calculations . 29
Table 4 – Evaluation to determine the drying index . 32
Table L.1 – Detailed results for test machine(s) and reference machine . 63
– 4 – 60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009
+A2:2012
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
ELECTRIC DISHWASHERS FOR HOUSEHOLD USE –
METHODS FOR MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE
FOREWORD
1) The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprising
all national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of IEC is to promote
international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To
this end and in addition to other activities, IEC publishes International Standards, Technical Specifications,
Technical Reports, Publicly Available Specifications (PAS) and Guides (hereafter referred to as “IEC
Publication(s)”). Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested
in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-
governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. IEC collaborates closely
with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by
agreement between the two organizations.
2) The formal decisions or agreements of IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, an international
consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all
interested IEC National Committees.
3) IEC Publications have the form of recommendations for international use and are accepted by IEC National
Committees in that sense. While all reasonable efforts are made to ensure that the technical content of IEC
Publications is accurate, IEC cannot be held responsible for the way in which they are used or for any
misinterpretation by any end user.
4) In order to promote international uniformity, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC Publications
transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional publications. Any divergence
between any IEC Publication and the corresponding national or regional publication shall be clearly indicated in
the latter.
5) IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for any
equipment declared to be in conformity with an IEC Publication.
6) All users should ensure that they have the latest edition of this publication.
7) No liability shall attach to IEC or its directors, employees, servants or agents including individual experts and
members of its technical committees and IEC National Committees for any personal injury, property damage or
other damage of any nature whatsoever, whether direct or indirect, or for costs (including legal fees) and
expenses arising out of the publication, use of, or reliance upon, this IEC Publication or any other IEC
Publications.
8) Attention is drawn to the Normative references cited in this publication. Use of the referenced publications is
indispensable for the correct application of this publication.
9) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this IEC Publication may be the subject of
patent rights. IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This Consolidated version of IEC 60436 bears the edition number 3.2. It consists of the
third edition (2004) [documents 59A/114A/FDIS and 59A/116/RVD], its amendment 1
(2009) [documents 59A/138/CDV and 59A/139/RVC] and its amendment 2 (2012)
[documents 59A/152/CDV and 59A/160/RVC]. The technical content is identical to the
base edition and its amendments.
In this Redline version, a vertical line in the margin shows where the technical content
is modified by amendments 1 and 2. Additions and deletions are displayed in red, with
deletions being struck through. A separate Final version with all changes accepted is
available in this publication.
This publication has been prepared for user convenience.
60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009 – 5 –
+A2:2012
International Standard IEC 60436 has been prepared by subcommittee 59A: Electric
dishwashers, of IEC technical committee 59: Performance of household electrical appliances.
This bilingual version (2013-07) corresponds to the monolingual English version, published in
2012-04.
Major changes introduced in this edition include
• changes made to the soils used in the standard;
• the use of an oven and microwave oven to dry the soils;
• the alternate 15 to 18 hour air dry method to dry the soils;
• the addition of a reference dishwasher;
• the recognition of alternate supply voltages and frequencies;
• the recognition of a cold or hot water supply to the dishwasher;
• the detergent and rinse aid compositions have been uprated to reflect current technology;
• the addition of the Aham load;
• the evaluation of the filter systems;
• the modification of the scoring system from 2 to 5 grades;
• the definition of program and cycle time;
• the temperature correction for energy testing;
• harmonization of ambient conditions.
The French versions of this standard and its amendment 1 and 2 have not been voted upon.
The committee has decided that the contents of the base publication and its amendments will
remain unchanged until the stability date indicated on the IEC web site under
"http://webstore.iec.ch" in the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the
publication will be
• reconfirmed;
• withdrawn;
• replaced by a revised edition, or
• amended.
IMPORTANT – The 'colour inside' logo on the cover page of this publication indicates
that it contains colours which are considered to be useful for the correct
understanding of its contents. Users should therefore print this document using a
colour printer.
– 6 – 60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009
+A2:2012
INTRODUCTION
In 1996, IEC subcommittee 59A charged its Working Group 2 with the revision of the second
edition of IEC 60436 to make it suitable for the international needs and to make it suitable for
the current levels of dishwasher performance and technology.
The second edition was published in 1981 and has not been significantly updated.
SC59A instructed the WG2 to take the Cenelec draft standard EN 50242 as the basis for the
third edition.
An important reason for the third edition was the need to take into account the needs of all
countries such as varying voltages and frequencies, different water supply temperatures and
water hardness and availability of specified soils in in the various countries.
To meet the goal the following significant technical changes were made.
• The repeatability and reproducibility of the test results have been improved by the
introduction of the same model reference dishwasher specified for all locations.
• The soils have been changed to reflect the modern dishwasher's capability.
• The preparation of the soils has been improved to enhance repeatability and reproducibility
by the introduction of new drying methods.
• The standard also recognizes various supply voltages and frequencies,cold or hot water
supply, an alternate Aham load, the evaluation of dishwasher filter systems.
• The standard has updated the formulation of the detergent and rinse agents to reflect the
producs on the market today.
• The standard has increased the sensitivity of the grading scale from two to five points to
improve repeatability and reproducibility.
• Ambient conditions have been brought closer to harmonization.
• More detailed instructions have been provided for the installation of the various designs of
dishwashers.
• Correction formulae have been provided for the correction of energy consumption
measurements for varying water supply temperature.
60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009 – 7 –
+A2:2012
INTRODUCTION TO AMENDMENT 2
This second amendment to the third edition of IEC 60436 (2004) covers the five following
issues:
• An illustration for the through-circulation thermal cabinet to indicate the position of
temperature sensors and a new position for the basket to prevent partial blockage of the
inlet air path which will improve the consistency of the oven drying results. Furthermore
an improved calibration procedure of the oven temperatures is included. It applies to
Annex G of IEC 60436:2004.
• Revised small bowl specification – the current bowl (named “small serving bowl” as well
as “fruit bowl”) is out of production and will become unavailable as the existing stock is
depleted. This alternate bowl is necessary. This bowl (“dessert bowl”) has been tested
and found to be acceptable. Throughout the standard the names "small serving bowl" and
the "fruit bowl" have been changed to "dessert bowl". This applies to Clause 6, Annex A
and Annex B of IEC 60436:2004.
• The inclusion of standby power to cover the relevant low power modes for dishwashers as
a new Annex O which references IEC 62301 for the measurement method. This Annex O
is based on Annex L of draft 59D/343/CDV for washing machines and has been modified
to be suitable for dishwashers.
• A more detailed description on how to calibrate and work with the new microwave oven
was introduced with IEC 60436, Amendment 1:2009.
• Alternative replacement cutlery items for Annex A are described in A.2 and A.3.
– 8 – 60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009
+A2:2012
ELECTRIC DISHWASHERS FOR HOUSEHOLD USE –
METHODS FOR MEASURING THE PERFORMANCE
1 Scope
This international standard applies to electric dishwashers for household use that are supplied
with hot and/or cold water.
The object is to state and define the principal performance characteristics of electric
dishwashers for household use and to describe the standard methods of measuring these
characteristics.
This standard is concerned neither with safety nor with performance requirements.
2 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document.
For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition
of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
IEC 60350, Electric cooking ranges, hobs, ovens and grills for household use – Methods for
measuring performance
IEC 60704-2-3, Household and similar electrical appliances – Test code for the determination
of airborne acoustical noise – Part 2-3: Particular requirements for dishwashers
IEC 60704-3, Test code for the determination of airborne acoustical noise emitted by
household and similar electrical appliances – Part 3: Procedure for determining and verifying
declared noise emission values
IEC 60705, Household microwave ovens – Methods for measuring performance
IEC 60734, Household electrical appliances – Performance – Hard water for testing
IEC 62301, Household electrical appliances – Measurement of standby power
ISO 607, Surface active agents and detergents – Methods of sample division
AHAM DW-1:2003: Performance testing methods for household electric dishwashers
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
3.1
dishwasher
machine which cleans, rinses, and dries dishware, glassware, cutlery, and, in some cases,
cooking utensils by chemical, mechanical, thermal, and electric means. A dishwasher may or
may not have a specific drying operation at the end of the program
60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009 – 9 –
+A2:2012
3.2
rated dishwasher capacity
whole number of place settings together with the serving pieces (see Annexes A & B) stated
by the manufacturer, which can be cleaned and dried when loaded in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions
3.3
operation
each event that occurs during the dishwasher programme such as cleaning, rinsing or drying
3.4
programme
series of operations which are pre-defined within the dishwasher and which are declared as
suitable for specified levels of soil and/or type of load and together form a complete cycle
3.5
cycle
complete washing, rinsing, and drying process, as defined by the programme selected,
consisting of a series of operations
3.6
programme time
programme time is measured from the initiation of the programme (excluding any user
programmed delay) until an end of programme indicator. If there is no end of programme
indicator, the programme time is equal to the cycle time
3.7
cycle time
cycle time is measured from the initiation of the programme (excluding any user programmed
delay) until all activity ceases (i.e. the end of the cycle)
3.8
automatic dispenser
device activated automatically which injects or dispenses detergent, rinse agent, etc., one or
more times into the dishwasher at predetermined points in the dishwasher cycle
3.9
non-automatic dispenser
device, usually a fixed cup or cavity on the dishwasher door, cover, or dish rack, which
deposits a previously measured amount of detergent, rinse agent, etc., into the dishwasher at
the beginning of the dishwasher cycle
3.10
water softener
device which reduces the hardness of water
3.11
rack
support for holding dishware, cutlery, and/or glassware in the dishwasher
3.12
detergent
cleaning agent in powder, granular, tablet or liquid form, manufactured for use in household
electric dishwashers to aid in the removal of food soils by chemical means
NOTE A reference detergent in powder form is specified for use in this standard (see 5.7).
– 10 – 60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009
+A2:2012
3.13
rinse agent
chemical agent added to the water in the last rinsing operation to improve the drying effect
and reduce water marks
NOTE Two reference rinse agents are specified for use in this standard (see 5.8).
3.14
serving pieces
defined set of crockery and cutlery for serving (see Annexes A and B)
3.15
place settings
defined set of crockery, glass and cutlery for use by one person (see Annexes A and B)
3.16
off mode
mode where the product is switched off using appliance controls or switches that are
accessible and intended for operation by the user during normal use to attain the lowest
power consumption that may persist for an indefinite time while connected to a mains power
source, and used in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions
NOTE 1 Where there are no controls, the dishwasher is left to revert to a steady state power consumption of its
own accord.
NOTE 2 Where the dishwasher has no power switch intended for the user to activate off mode, then off mode is
effectively the same as left on mode.
3.17
left on mode
the lowest power consumption mode that may persist for an indefinite time after the
completion of the programme and unloading of the machine without any further intervention of
the user
NOTE In some products, this mode may be an equivalent power to off mode.
3.18
delay start mode
the average power consumption of the mode where the user has selected a specified delay to
the commencement of the programme. This mode is only applicable to dishwashers that
provide a delay start function for the user
NOTE Delay start mode is a short duration (temporary) mode so the duration should always be stated with the
power or energy consumption. The frequency of use and the duration selected will depend on a number of factors
and may vary considerably across individual users.
4 List of measurements
Standard methods of measuring the performance characteristics are determined as follows:
– cleaning performance according to Clause 6;
– drying performance according to Clause 7;
– energy, water consumption and time according to Clause 8;
– airborne acoustical noise according to Clause 9.
60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009 – 11 –
+A2:2012
5 General conditions for measurements
5.1 General
The dishwasher manufacturer’s instructions regarding installation and use of the dishwasher
shall be followed, except where there is a conflict, in which case this standard shall prevail.
Performance tests according to this standard shall be generally carried out on a new machine,
with a reference machine running parallel with the machine(s) under test, i.e., at the same
time under the same conditions using soil prepared at the same time from the same batch.
The reference machine shall be in accordance with the description given in Annex E or
Annex N.
The reference machine shall always be installed as a free standing machine independent of
the type of machine under test.
Before commencing measurements, the dishwasher and the reference machine shall be
checked to ensure that they are operating properly.
All tests shall be started with the appliances at the ambient temperature according to 5.5.
5.1.1 Free standing dishwashers
Dishwashers shall be tested as free standing except where they are designated as built–in or
integrated (refer to 5.1.2). Dishwashers that can be installed as either free standing or built-
in/integrated shall be tested as free standing.
5.1.2 Built in and integrated dishwashers
Built-in dishwashers have to be installed in an enclosure. See Figure I.1.
The front edge of the housing of the dishwasher (except the door) shall be 20 mm to 25 mm
behind the front edge of the test enclosure. If required by the manufacturer’s instructions, the
enclosure shall be provided with ventilation openings accordingly.
If an appliance is provided with spacers, strips or other special means of solid or resilient
material for closing the gap(s) between the contours of the appliance and the cabinet
enclosure, these means shall be used accordingly. If such means are not provided, the gap(s)
shall be left open.
Appliances to be integrated shall be installed under the same conditions as built-in
appliances. In addition, the door of the dishwasher shall be equipped, in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instruction, with a board of the maximum size allowed by the manufacturer and
of the same material and thickness as the test enclosure; see Annex I.
Moreover, for integrated types, the test enclosure shall be provided, in accordance with the
manufacturer’s instructions, at its lower front side with a skirting board of the maximum height
which corresponds with the size of the board on the door of the appliance and of the same
material and thickness as the test enclosure, see Annex I. If no instructions are given by the
manufacturer, a skirting board as described above shall be pressed against the skirting board
of the appliance.
5.2 Conditioning of the machine under test and sequence of test procedures
Before conducting the performance tests, the dishwasher shall be operated for at least 3
complete cycles using a clean load with reference detergent (specified in 5.7) and without
rinse agent. The following cycle(s) can be a noise test according to Clause 9. No additional
– 12 – 60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009
+A2:2012
cycles shall be carried out on the machine under test between the sequential steps specified
in the following procedure.
The tests shall be performed in the following order: cleaning performance (Clause 6) then
drying performance (Clause 7). The determination of energy, water and cycle/program time
(Clause 8) shall be done in conjunction with a wash performance test (Clause 6).
NOTE 1 The above sequence is necessary for better reproducibility, i.e. to avoid differences in drying
performance due to the ageing process of the plastic parts in the dishwasher (for example, racks).
NOTE 2 Any cycles or operations performed on the appliance during the manufacture of the product are ignored.
NOTE 3 Noise tests require that the test should be carried out before the rinse aid dispenser is filled for the first
time.
5.3 Electricity supply for machines
5.3.1 Electricity supply for test machine
5.3.1.1 Voltage
The test voltage shall be set at the rated voltage of the machine and maintained within the
range of ±2 % throughout the test. If a voltage range is indicated, then the test voltage shall
be set at the nominal voltage of the country in which the appliance is intended to be used. The
measured voltage shall be reported.
NOTE If the rated voltage of the machine differs from the system voltage of the country of intended use,
measurements should be carried out at the nominal voltage of the country of intended use.
5.3.1.2 Frequency
The supply frequency shall be set at the rated frequency of the machine and maintained within
the range ±1 % throughout the test. If a frequency range is indicated, then the testing shall be
carried out at the nominal frequency of the country in which the appliance is intended to be
used. The measured frequency shall be reported.
NOTE If the rated frequency of the machine differs from the system frequency of the country of intended use,
measurements should be carried out at the nominal frequency of the country of intended use.
5.3.2 Electricity supply for the reference machine
5.3.2.1 Voltage
The supply voltage shall be set at 230 V a.c. and maintained within ±2 % throughout the test.
The measured voltage shall be reported.
5.3.2.2 Frequency
The supply frequency shall be set at 50 Hz and maintained within ±1 % throughout the test.
The measured frequency shall be reported.
5.4 Test programme
The first programme to be tested shall be the one recommended by the manufacturer for a
normally soiled load.
NOTE In some countries the manufacturer has to declare the programme to be used, for the purpose of energy
labelling (which may not be for a normally soiled load), in which case this programme shall be the one tested first.
The same programme shall be used for measuring the cleaning performance according to
Clause 6, the drying performance according to Clause 7, the energy and water consumption
and time according to Clause 8, and the noise according to Clause 9, if tested.
Additional programmes may then be tested.
60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009 – 13 –
+A2:2012
5.5 Ambient conditions
The following ambient conditions shall be maintained throughout the measurements.
Oven drying method
– Ambient temperature of the room: (20 ± 2) °C
– Relative humidity: (55 ± 10) % RH
Air dry method
– Ambient temperature of the room: (20 ± 2) °C
– Relative humidity: (65 ± 10) % RH
The ambient temperature and the relative humidity measured during the tests shall be
reported in the test report.
5.6 Water supply
5.6.1 General
The actual water conditions (temperature, hardness, and pressure) maintained during the
tests shall be reported in the test report.
NOTE Some countries specify a hot water temperature for regulatory purposes, in which case this water
temperature should be used for testing.
5.6.2 Water supply – Temperature
The temperature of the supply water shall be
– cold water feed temperature:
• (15 ± 2) °C.
– hot water feed temperature:
• temperature indicated by the manufacturer ±2 °C, or
• where a range is specified which does include 60 °C, (60 ± 2) °C, or
• where a range is specified which does not include 60 °C, the value nearest to
60 °C ± 2 °C, or
• (60 ± 2) °C, if instructions are not given.
5.6.3 Hardness
A water hardness of (2,5 ± 0,5) mmol/l for hard water areas or ≤0,7 mmol/l for soft water areas
shall be used. If water hardness needs to be adjusted to meet these specifications, it shall be
prepared according to IEC 60734 – Method C. The measured water hardness shall be
reported. The water hardness used in the test shall be the one most applicable to the country
of intended use.
NOTE The impact of water hardness variation between 0,0 mmol/l to 0,7 mmol/l is still under investigation.
5.6.4 Water pressure
The pressure of the water supply at each water inlet shall be set at 240 kPa and shall be
maintained within the range ±20 kPa, including during all fills. The measured water pressure
shall be reported. Where the manufacturer specifies a range of water pressure that does not
include 240 kPa ± 20 kPa, the water pressure shall be set at the end of the pressure range
closest to 240 kPa ± 20 kPa.
– 14 – 60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009
+A2:2012
5.7 Detergent
The reference detergent C, as described in Annex D, shall be used in the reference machine
and test machine(s) when measuring performance. The quantity shall be as recommended by
the manufacturer. But shall not be more than
– 15,0 g + 1,25 g per place setting.
If no recommendation is given by the manufacturer, use
– 12,0 g + 1,0 g per place setting
For dishwashers not equipped with a water softener and being tested with hard water (see
5.6.3), follow the manufacturer’s recommendation, but the quantity shall not exceed
15,0 g + 1,25 g per place setting, in both the pre-wash and the main wash. If no
recommendation is given by the manufacturer, use 12,0 g + 1,0 g per place setting, in both
the pre-wash and the main wash. The quantity of detergent used in g/place setting during the
tests shall be recorded.
The detergent shall be placed in the dishwasher immediately prior to starting the programme.
If a dispenser is incorporated in the dishwasher it shall be used. The dispenser shall be clean
and dry prior to the placement of detergent. In the absence of manufacturer’s
recommendations, the detergent shall be placed in the main compartment of the dispenser.
Detergent from the same batch shall be used for the dishwasher under test and for the
reference dishwasher.
Before use the detergent shall be homogenized in accordance with ISO 607 (refer to Annex F
for suitable equipment).
5.8 Rinse agent
The rinse agent as described in Annex D shall be used. For a water hardness of 2,5 mmol/l,
Formula III rinse aid (acidic) shall be used. For a water hardness of ≤0,7 mmol/l, Formula IV
(neutral) rinse aid shall be used.
NOTE 1 As a guide, acidic rinse agent is to be used with hard water and neutral rinse agent with soft water.
However, where one type of rinse aid is not generally available in the country of intended use, the other may be
specified regardless of the water hardness. In dishwashers with softeners in hardwater areas, the hardness in the
final rinse will be below 0,7 mmol/l.
For dishwashers with an adjustable automatic dispenser, the setting shall be as recommended
by the manufacturer. In the absence of such an indication, the setting shall be used which
gives the lowest quantity of rinse aid.
NOTE 2 Any recommendation by the manufacturer to the user to manually adjust the initial setting, based on
experience, is disregarded.
For machines without automatic dispensers, the rinse agent shall be added manually, if so
recommended by the manufacturer and in accordance with their instructions.
5.9 Salt
If the dishwasher is equipped with a water softener that requires salt, fill in accordance with
the manufacturer’s instructions for the water hardness used for the test. For specification of
the salt, see Annex D.
60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009 – 15 –
+A2:2012
6 Cleaning performance
6.1 General and purpose
The purpose of this test is to measure how well the appliance cleans normally soiled place
settings and serving pieces.
The tests are carried out in parallel with one of the reference machines specified in Annex E
or Annex N. Soiling of the test loads for the test machine(s) and the reference machine shall
be prepared in parallel.
The reference machine shall also be run in parallel with any test machine(s). For a large
number of test loads, it may be necessary to have more than one person preparing soils, but
one person shall prepare each soil type for all loads. Similarly, one person shall apply each
soil type for all loads (person preparing soils may be different than the person applying soils).
Detergent and rinse agents are used according to 5.7 and 5.8.
The sequence of the test procedure as specified in 5.2 shall be followed.
NOTE If only a cleaning evaluation is to be undertaken, the evaluation may be commenced as soon as the
dishwasher indicates the end of the programme and the evaluator can safely handle the load.
6.2 Load
The test load shall consist of the whole number of complete place settings plus the
corresponding serving pieces (see Annex A or B) which together comprise the manufacturer’s
rated capacity.
NOTE The reference machine always uses a load style from Annex A, irrespective of the load style used on the
test machine.
All items shall be thoroughly clean and dry so that they could achieve a score of 5 before
soiling. Any evaluation shall be done in accordance with 6.7. If a load item needs to be
cleaned or reconditioned, items can be washed by hand or washed in a dishwasher but all
reconditioned items shall be washed in a dishwasher that dispenses IEC rinse aid (refer to
Annex D) in the final operation prior to the next test.
NOTE Reconditioning in a dishwasher should be done using detergent B or C (refer to Annex D).
Any items with imperfections likely to affect the evaluation or with chips or cracks shall be
removed and replaced.
6.3 Soiling agents
The following soiling agents are required:
– milk;
– tea;
– minced meat;
– egg;
– oat flakes;
– spinach;
– margarine.
All food products, at the time they are used for the preparation of soiling agents to this
standard, shall be within the “use-by” date or before their expiry date stated on the product.
The remains of newly opened packets of tea and oat flakes may be used for subsequent tests
– 16 – 60436 IEC:2004+A1:2009
+A2:2012
for a period of up to 60 d after opening, if the contents are stored in a sealed container.
Specific directions are provided in the following section for storage and re-use of spinach after
defrosting.
If the specified product is not available, the use of a similar product which provides equivalent
results is permitted. Equivalency shall be proven through testing.
6.4 Preparation and application of soiling agents
Unless specifically stated otherwise, all soiling agents are to be freshly prepared for each test.
The whole amount of each soiling agent needed for the test (grams/setting × number of
settings) shall be weighed out, divided into portions as necessary and applied as specified to
the parts of the setting.
It is then recommen
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