IEC TR 62152:2004
(Main)Background of terms and definitions of cascaded two-ports
Background of terms and definitions of cascaded two-ports
lays the foundation for agreement on the fundamental terms and definitions to be used world wide in describing the transmission properties of a two-port or quadripole end and builds a bridge between the classical quadripole theory and the scattering matrix presentation which is based on incident and reflecting square root of power waves at the input and output of a two-port.
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TECHNICAL IEC
REPORT TR 62152
First edition
2004-08
Background of terms and definitions
of cascaded two-ports
Reference number
IEC/TR 62152:2004(E)
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TECHNICAL IEC
REPORT TR 62152
First edition
2004-08
Background of terms and definitions
of cascaded two-ports
” IEC 2004 Copyright - all rights reserved
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mechanical, including photocopying and microfilm, without permission in writing from the publisher.
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– 2 – TR 62152 ” IEC:2004(E)
CONTENTS
FOREWORD.4
1 General .6
2 Operational, image and insertion transfer functions and complex attenuations or
losses .6
3 Terms and definitions .7
Annex A (normative) Concepts of normalized voltage waves, square root of power
waves and operational attenuation and losses.9
A.1 General .9
A.2 Complex operational attenuation or operational propagation coefficient * .9
B
A.3 Impedance .10
A.4 Operational reflection coefficient.10
A.5 Return loss.10
A.6 General coupling transfer function.11
A.7 Benefits of the concept of operational quantities.12
Annex B (normative) Two-port transmission technique – Terms .13
Annex C (normative) Two-port theory and fundamental concepts in transmission
engineering .14
C.1 General .14
C.2 Transfer equations for a passive two-port.14
C.3 Chain matrix.15
C.4 The symmetries and impedances of a two-port .19
C.5 Impedance matching.21
C.6 Level concepts .23
C.7 Attenuation and gain concepts .24
C.8 Concepts related to return loss and matching.28
C.9 Scattering parameter .35
C.9.1 Scattering parameter of a one-port .35
C.9.2 Scattering parameters and scattering matrix of a two-port.38
C.10 Examples .43
C.10.1 Example 1 .43
C.10.2 Example 2 .45
C.11 Reference documents .46
Figure 1 – Defining the transfer functions of a two-port .6
Figure 2 – Constant value A and A curves on a complex plane z = x + jy.8
s r
Figure A.1 – Coupling between two systems.12
Figure C.1 – A quadripole or two-port.14
Figure C.2 – An impedance-unsymmetrical two-port (a) with its equivalent circuit (b).16
Figure C.3 – Two chained two-ports .17
Figure C.4 – An impedance-symmetrical two-port .19
Figure C.5 – An impedance-unsymmetrical two-port for which Z z Z when Z = Z .19
1 2 A B
Figure C.6 – A two-port terminated with an impedance Z .20
B
Figure C.7 – Reflection less matching .22
TR 62152 ” IEC:2004(E) – 3 –
Figure C.8 – Power matching for maximizing the effective power .22
Figure C.9 – Absolute and nominal level in a system .24
Figure C.10 – Definition of the complex image attenuation * of a two-port.24
Figure C.11 – Definition of the complex operational attenuation of a two-port .25
Figure C.12 – Definition of residual attenuation .27
Figure C.13 – Measurement of the sending reference equivalent .27
Figure C.14 – Measurement of the receiving reference equivalent.28
Figure C.15 – Definition of the complex return loss.28
Figure C.16 – Apollonius’ circle.29
Figure C.17 – Return loss .30
Figure C.18 – Curves for constant values of A or A in the complex plane .32
s r
Figure C.19 – Curves for constant values of A or A the complex plane .33
s r in
Figure C.20 – Smith chart for transmission lines .34
Figure C.21 – One-port .35
Figure C.22 – Homogenous transmission line .36
Figure C.23 – One-port fed from a generator with source impedance Zg .37
Figure C.24 – Two-port .39
Figure C.25 – Termination Z by virtue of the stray parameters of the two-port .40
B
Figure C.26 – Ideal transformer.43
Figure C.27 – Determination of a scattering matrix of a passive reciprocal two-port.45
– 4 – TR 62152 ” IEC:2004(E)
INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMMISSION
____________
BACKGROUND OF TERMS AND DEFINITIONS
OF CASCADED TWO-PORTS
FOREWORD
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data of a different kind from that which is normally published as an International Standard, for
example "state of the art".
IEC 62152, which is a technical report, has been prepared by IEC technical committee 46:
Cables, wires, waveguides, r.f. connectors, r.f. and microwave passive components and
accessories.
The text of this technical report is based on the following documents:
Enquiry draft Report on voting
46/129/DTR 46/133/RVC
Full information on the voting for the approval of this technical report can be found in the
report on voting indicated in the above table.
This publication has been drafted in accordance with the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2.
TR 62152 ” IEC:2004(E) – 5 –
The committee has decided that the contents of this publication will remain unchanged until
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the data related to the specific publication. At this date, the publication will be
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